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Journal articles on the topic 'Crude oil properties'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

A. F., Iloeje, and Aniago V. "Effect of Crude Oil on Permeability Properties of the Soil." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-1 (December 31, 2016): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd5724.

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2

Vrålstad, Heléne, Øyvind Spets, Cédric Lesaint, Lars Lundgaard, and Johan Sjöblom. "Dielectric Properties of Crude Oil Components." Energy & Fuels 23, no. 11 (November 19, 2009): 5596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef900445n.

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3

Zhang, Fan, and Guo-qun Chen. "Viscoelastic properties of waxy crude oil." Journal of Central South University of Technology 14, S1 (February 2007): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-007-0303-x.

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4

Obomanu, D. A., and G. A. Okpobiri. "Correlating the PVT Properties of Nigerian Crudes." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 109, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231349.

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Existing correlations for predicting solution gas oil ratio, Rs, and oil formation volume factor, Bo, gave standard deviations as high as 50 and 12 percent, respectively, for Nigerian crudes. New correlations developed using 503 Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) data points from 100 Nigerian crude oil reservoirs of the Niger Delta Basin are presented. The correlations for Rs and Bo predict values from different reservoirs within 6 and 2 percent standard deviations, respectively, and will apply to crudes of specific gravity range 0.811 to 0.966. These correlations are applicable to other crudes with characteristics similar to those of Nigerian crudes.
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5

Buist, Ian, Ken Trudel, Jake Morrison, and Don Aurand. "LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE PROPERTIES OF IN-SITU BURN RESIDUES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-149.

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ABSTRACT This study investigated the physical and chemical properties of the residue from in-situ burns of thick oil slicks. It involved burning small-diameter slicks of oil on water and analyzing the properties of the residues. The objective of the work was to identify the burn conditions that might produce residues that sink. Eight oils were selected for the project: (1) Alaska North Slope crude; (2) Alberta Sweet Mixed Blend crude; (3) Arabian Heavy crude; (4) Arabian Light crude; (5) Bonny Light crude; (6) Iranian Heavy crude; (7) Mayan crude; and (8) automotive diesel. Burn tests were conducted on all eight oils when fresh and on two of the oils when weathered. Experiments involved burning slicks of three thicknesses (5, 10, and 15 cm) on saltwater at room temperature (15°C). Residue density, water content, pour point, and viscosity were measured. Samples of parent oils and burn residues were fractionated into three boiling point ranges, and each was analyzed to quantify total saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. The results showed that the residues from burns of thicker slicks of heavier crudes and weathered crudes may sink in fresh water or saltwater once they cool to ambient temperatures, whereas burn residues of lighter oils may not sink. Burn residues of all crudes were more dense than their parent oils and were solid or semisolid. Residue density was related to the density of the parent oil, the state of weathering, and slick thickness. Chemical analysis showed that the burn residues were composed almost exclusively of the higher boiling point (HBP) fraction; virtually all of the lower boiling point fraction and almost all of the middle boiling point fraction had been removed. Most, but not all, of the HBP fraction, which included all of the asphaltenes and resins, was preserved in the burn residue. The in-situ burning process appears to be neither a pure equilibrium flash vaporization nor a pure batch distillation, but rather a process lying somewhere between the two ideals. The results of the burns of automotive diesel contrasted strongly with those of crude oils. Diesel burns were far more efficient than those of crude oils, leaving only a few millimeters of residue regardless of the thickness of the original slick. The chemical composition of the residue and its properties were changed only slightly from those of the parent oil. Research on the use of in-situ burning as a marine oil spill countermeasure has resulted in a rapidly growing acceptance of the technique as an option for spill cleanup. However, one area of concern with in-situ
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6

Topilnytskyy, Petro, Viktoria Romanchuk, Tetiana Yarmola, and Halyna Stebelska. "Study on Rheological Properties of Extra-Heavy Crude Oil from Fields of Ukraine." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.03.412.

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7

Haule, Kamila, and Henryk Toczek. "FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES OF MECHANICALLY DISPERSED CRUDE OIL." Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1130464.

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8

Sugiura, Keiji, Masami Ishihara, Toshitsugu Shimauchi, and Shigeaki Harayama. "Physicochemical Properties and Biodegradability of Crude Oil." Environmental Science & Technology 31, no. 1 (January 1997): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es950961r.

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9

Rukthong, Wanwisa, Pornpote Piumsomboon, Wichapun Weerapakkaroon, and Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of a Crude Oil Transport Pipeline: Effect of Crude Oil Properties." Engineering Journal 20, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2016.20.3.145.

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10

Mohammed, R. A., A. I. Bailey, P. F. Luckham, and S. E. Taylor. "Dewatering of crude oil emulsions 2. Interfacial properties of the asphaltic constituents of crude oil." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 80, no. 2-3 (December 1993): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(93)80203-q.

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11

Hai, Duong Ngoc, Nguyen Van Diep, Ha Ngoc Hien, Nguyen The Duc, Phung Dinh Thuc, Nguyen Thuc Khang, Ha Van Bich, and Tong Canh Son. "Rheological properties of emulsion of crude oil and water." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 21, no. 4 (December 30, 1999): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/10003.

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In the paper the rheological properties of crude oil of White Tiger oil-field (Vietnam) and its emulsion with sea-water, including measurement results and analytical approximation formulae for wide range of pressure, temperature and water concentration, are presented. As it is known, the crude oil of White Tiger oil-field is a high-paraffin and high-viscous oil. At the low temperature (T ≤ 40°C) it behaves as non-Newtonian fluid of Bingham-Shvedov group. Therefore, beside the effective viscosity, the effective dynamic shear stress is also measured and approximated. The rheological properties of crude oil and emulsion of crude oil and water are also measured and approximated for the case when the mixture contains 0.1% chemical reagent ES-3363.
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12

Sun, Juan, Dong Feng Zhao, Jing Sun, and Chao Cheng Zhao. "The Influence of Chemical Dispersants on the Properties of Crude Oil." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1387.

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After oil spills in the coastal aquatic environment, the physical and chemical properties of the spilled oil may change under the influence of the chemical dispersant and form emulsions in the water. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the influence of chemical dispersant to the properties of crude oil. The experiments were conducted using two widely-used surfactant GM-2 and BH-X, two crude oil samples and artificial seawater. Density, viscosity and emulsification rate of crude oil with different amounts of dispersant added was measured. The results show that viscosity of the crude oil was highly influenced by the chemical dispersant. The maximum emulsification rate of the Saudi Arabian middle crude oil was 54.1% and 57.4% with the dispersant to oil ratio above 0.8, whereas the emulsification rate of the heavy oil was significantly lower than the middle oil with both of the two types of chemical dispersant.
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13

Rădulescu, Renata, and Timur Chiș. "DENSITY AND VISCOSITY EQUATION OF BLEND OIL." Romanian Journal of Petroleum & Gas Technology 2(73), no. 1 (2021): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jpgt.2021.01.09.

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"Extracted oils and gases have different physical and chemical properties, depending on oil structures. Thus, it is beneficial to create mixtures of oils by combining cheaper crude oils with variants that have better properties (Brent type). This will result, in a reduced cost of acquisition. Mixing crude oil (obtaining blend crude oil) is a process in constant development, so that new ways for improving crude oil properties can be surfaced and to create new ways for transport and storage with lower costs. As an example, by mixing crude oil we can ensure viscosities and freezing conditions for certain transport systems. The aim of this paper is to present the techniques for mixing crude oil, the study of technologies, equipment needed for it and the numerical models for obtaining optimal mixing rates. "
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14

Aluvihara, Suresh, and Jagath K. Premachandra. "THE STRENGTH OF CORROSIVE PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OILS ON FERROUS METALS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 6 (November 30, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2018.00792.

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Crude oil is an unrivaled earth resource for the most of industrial applications. In the refining process of crude oil, ferrous metals play a severe role against the harsh environment while confronting adverse influences of crude oils such as the corrosion of ferrous metals. The formation of metal oxides, sulfides, hydroxides or any compound related with carboxylic group on the metal surface is known as the corrosion also mainly depends on the sulfur content, acidity, salt content and mercaptans content of relevant crude oils as well as the chemical composition of the metal. In this research it was expected to speculate the effect of such corrosive properties of Murban and Das Blend crude oils on seven different types of ferrous metals which are used in crude oil refining industry of Sri Lanka. The sulfur content, salt content, acidity and mercaptans content of each crude oil were determined by the succession of XRF analyzer, analyzer of salt and titration methods. A range of similar sized pieces of seven different types of ferrous metals were immersed in both crude oils separately and their corrosion rates were determined after 15, 30 and 45 days from the immersion by the weight loss method while observing the corroded metal surfaces under the optical microscope. The metallic concentrations in both crude oil samples after the experiment were tested by the AAS. It was found that the higher content of sulfur, acidity, mercaptans and lower content of salt in the Das blend than the Murban. According to the corrosion rates of metals, four types of metals showed higher rate of corrosion in Murban while other metals are showing higher corrosion rate in Das blend also higher metallic concentrations were obtained from Murban crude oil samples than Das Blend crude oil samples in the analysis of the AAS.
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15

Wang, Ming, Shiju Liu, Ji Li, Gang Gao, Julei Mi, and Erting Li. "Special Distribution of Crude Oil in the Lucaogou Formation in Jimusaer Sag and Genetic Analysis of Its Physical Difference." Geofluids 2021 (February 23, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660079.

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The shale oil of the Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusaer Sag of the Junggar Basin was divided into two sweet spots for exploration and development. Crude oil in the upper and lower sweet spots comes from the upper and lower source rocks. After years of exploration, it has been found that the crude oil in the lower sweet spot has worse physical properties than that of the upper sweet spot. In this study, through the physical and geochemical analysis of crude oil in the upper and lower sweet spots, combined with the organic petrological observation of the upper and lower source rocks, the cause of the poor physical properties of the crude oil in the lower sweet spot has been identified. n-Alkanes in the saturated hydrocarbons of crude oil in the upper and lower sweet were complete while odd-to-even predominance was evident, indicating that the poor physical properties of the crude oil are unrelated to biodegradation. In addition, the correlation between the biogenic parameters and the physical properties of crude oil was analyzed, finding that the difference in crude oil is mainly related to the composition of biogenic precursors of upper and lower source rocks. Combined with organic petrological observation, the lower source rock was found to be rich in telalginite (green algae), which is therefore the primary reason for the difference in physical properties. In comparing results from the characteristics of crude oil biomarkers from both the upper and lower sweet spots, crude oils in the upper sweet spot are similar to each other, indicating that the enrichment of crude oil has experienced a certain migration. In contrast, the differences in biomarkers between the crude oils of the lower sweet spot were relatively large and changed regularly with depth, suggesting the self-generated and self-stored characteristics of crude oil enrichment. At the same time, it was found that the crude oil in the lower sweet spot is also affected by the maturity of adjacent source rocks under the condition of a consistent parent material source. Overall, it was determined that the lower the maturity of source rocks, the poorer the physical property of the crude oil produced.
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16

Kadyirov, Aydar, Yulia Karaeva, and Ekaterina Vachagina. "Dynamics of crude oil rheological properties after ultrasonic treatment." Energy Safety and Energy Economy, 6 (December 2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2020-6-30-34.

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Ultrasonic treatment of heavy crude oils has been proven to manage oil viscosity and temperature sensitivity. In continuation of the previously published research results (Energy Safety and Energy Economy, iss. 5, 2019), we found out basic principles to predict dynamics of crude oil viscosity depending on time, power, and frequency of ultrasonic treatment. Viscosity control is essential for crude oil not only after its ultrasonic treatment but also while transporting and storage to keep energy efficiency of the entire process at the desired level.
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17

Liu, Yang, Ying Xu, Xiaoyan Liu, Qinglin Cheng, Xin Nie, and Zhonghua Dai. "Sensitivity analysis of crude oil’s physical properties to total freezing time." Thermal Science 24, no. 6 Part A (2020): 3735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180612100l.

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The physical parameters of crude oil are one of the main factors affecting the heat transfer of phase change. A mathematical model for a hot oil overhead pipeline was established, taking latent heat impact, the non-Newtonian properties of crude oil, and nature convection heat transfer into account. Compared with the experimental data, the model and the solution method were correct. A criterion was made to estimate the crude oil total freezing in a pipeline by tracking the change trajectory of the maximum temperature point. The effects of the crude oil with average properties on the total freezing time in a pipeline were analyzed, and the sensitivity of the different influencing factors was investigated by orthogonal test.
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18

Haule, Kamila, and Henryk Toczek. "OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OIL DETECTED IN SEAWATER." Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport 21, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1133186.

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19

Alvarez, Jose Oliverio. "Dielectric Properties of Aromatic Components of Crude Oil." Energy & Fuels 34, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b03678.

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20

Loranger, Scott, Christopher Bassett, and Thomas C. Weber. "Measurements of the acoustic properties of crude oil." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 2949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4969104.

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21

Nikpoor, M. H., and H. H. Khanamiri. "New Empirical Correlations for Predicting Crude Oil Properties." Petroleum Science and Technology 29, no. 16 (July 8, 2011): 1649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460903585964.

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22

Moran, K., A. Yeung, and J. Masliyah. "The viscoplastic properties of crude oil–water interfaces." Chemical Engineering Science 61, no. 18 (September 2006): 6016–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.05.026.

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23

Zhou, Wei, Yujia Zhang, Hanbing Qi, Qiushi Wang, Bin Yao, and Dong Li. "Optical properties of crude oil with different temperatures." Optik 196 (November 2019): 162946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.162946.

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24

Lin, Mei-qin, Xue-qin Xu, Jing Lv, Hua Zong, Ming-yuan Li, and Zhao-xia Dong. "Interfacial properties of Daqing crude oil-alkaline system." Petroleum Science 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-011-0120-6.

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25

Ranhong, Xie, and Xiao Lizhi. "Dispersion properties of NMR relaxation for crude oil." Petroleum Science 4, no. 2 (June 2007): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03187439.

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26

Minh Thuan, Huynh, Nguyen Manh Huan, Vo Thi Thuong, Nguyen Thi Nhi, Tran Ky Anh, and Nguyen Huu Luong. "Investigation of crude oils compatibility and relationship with their properties." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K8 (April 13, 2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik8.1668.

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The compatibility/incompatibility of crude oils will affect the asphaltene precipitation and finally for sludge deposition if such oils are storaged or blending together. Normally, the refineries process a mixture of several crude oils owing to economic, technical and political aspects. In this study, four crude oils were characterized and investigated in order to determine physical-chemical properties and insolubility number (IN) and blending solubility number (SBN). The result revealed that two pair of crude oils are fully compatible and the remaining are partly compatible. The volume limitation of each crude oil in the mixture is proposed. In addition, the relationship between the compatibility and physico-chemical properties of crude oils is discussed. In fact, the crude oil which possessed high wax content and low resins to asphaltenes ratio possesses low stability. This finding might provide a new and valuable strategy for solving the foulings in crude oil tanks and processing units in refineries.
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27

Neagu, Anişoara-Arleziana, Irina Niţă, and Elisabeta Botez. "Correlations between some physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2014-0013.

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Abstract The major objective of this study is to report physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil samples collected from different stages of the technological process for sunflower oil refining for food industry. The samples of oil were crude oil, washed oil, bleached oil and deodorized oil. The physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil experimentally determined were density, saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), and acid value (AV). It was found that the density of sunflower oil remains approximately constant over the different stages of the manufacturing flow of cooking oil, except the crude oil. The acid value significantly decreases from crude oil (2.588) to deodorized oil (0.366). The iodine value and saponification value of the different samples of the sunflower oil corresponding to different stages of oil processing varies slightly. The capacity of different models to accurately correlate and/or predict the density of vegetable oil was tested. The density of sunflower oil can be accurately estimated from its SV and IV or with an empirical equation, when density data are available.
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Langevin, D., S. Poteau, I. Hénaut, and J. F. Argillier. "Crude Oil Emulsion Properties and Their Application to Heavy Oil Transportation." Oil & Gas Science and Technology 59, no. 5 (September 2004): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2004036.

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29

Chung, Tsair Wang, Kuan Ting Liu, and Shun Gao. "Fuel Properties and Emissions from a Diesel Power Generator Fuelled with Jatropha Oil and Diesel Fuel Blends." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2688.

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The measurements of oil properties of crude Jatropha oil and its blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% with diesel fuel have been carried out in this study. Our results suggested that the viscosities of crude Jatropha oil (CJO) blends decrease gradually with increasing temperatures, but they increase gradually with rising ratio of crude Jatropha oil compared to those of diesel fuel. Analysis of physical properties suggested that cold filter plugging point, calorific value, gravity and cetane index decrease gradually with rising percentages of crude Jatropha oil, but the flash point and mid boiling point increase gradually compared to those of diesel fuel. In this study, the prepared oil blends are applied to a power generator for a real application test. Results of electricity generation suggested that crude Jatropha oil blends may be used as an alternative fuel compared to that of diesel fuel. Results of gas emissions in a power generator suggested that CO, CO2 and NOX emissions from crude Jatropha oil blends are lower, but O2 emissions are higher compared to those of diese fuels.
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Manzhai, V. N., Clovis Le Grand Monkam Monkam, and D. A. Terre. "Rheological properties of crude oils in Yaregskoye and Yaraktinskoye oil fields." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 43 (September 2016): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/43/1/012018.

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van Gelderen, Laurens, Ulises Rojas Alva, Pierrick Mindykowski, and Grunde Jomaas. "Thermal Properties and Burning Efficiencies of Crude Oils and Refined Fuel Oil." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 985–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.985.

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ABSTRACT The thermal properties and burning efficiencies of fresh and weathered crude oils and a refined fuel oil were studied in order to improve the available input data for field ignition systems for the in-situ burning of crude oil on water. The time to ignition, surface temperature upon ignition, heat release rate, burning rate and burning efficiency of two fresh crude oils (DUC, a light crude and Grane, a heavy crude), one fresh refined fuel oil (IFO 180) and weathered DUC (30–40 wt% evaporated and 40 wt% evaporated with 40 vol% water) were tested. Experiments were conducted in a newly designed water-cooled holder for a cone calorimeter under incident heat fluxes of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kW/m2. The results clearly showed that the weathered oils were the hardest to ignite, with increased ignition times and critical heat fluxes of 5–10 kW/m2. Evaporation and emulsification were shown to be the determining factors increasing the critical heat flux compared to the physical properties of the oils. Boilover was observed for both emulsified DUC and fresh Grane and dominated the energy released by these oils. These results provided further evidence that the boilover phenomenon is correlated to the superheating of relatively volatile components such as water (DUC emulsion) or light hydrocarbons (Grane). Boilovers can thus occur due to inherent properties of the burning oil and should therefore be taken into account in the safety planning of in-situ burning operations. Maximum burning efficiencies of 85–90% were obtained for heat fluxes of 40–50 kW/m2 for the crude oils and 80% at 30 kW/m2 for IFO 180. The heat feedback in large scale fires, however, was estimated to be about 17 kW/m2, for which the burning efficiencies were < 80%. These results indicate that the increased heat feedback to the fuel surface is not the only factor that increases the burning efficiency for large scale fires compared to laboratory experiments. Additional factors such as feeding of surrounding oil into the fire by buoyancy induced wind flows into the hot smoke plume are probably also contributing to these increased burning efficiencies.
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Callaghan, I. C., A. L. McKechnie, J. E. Ray, and J. C. Wainwright. "Identification of Crude Oil Components Responsible for Foaming." Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal 25, no. 02 (April 1, 1985): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/12342-pa.

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Abstract The foaming characteristics of a number of crude oils from a variety of sources were determined by Bikerman's pneumatic method. Extraction of these crudes with both pneumatic method. Extraction of these crudes with both alkali and acid indicated that the crude oil components responsible for the foam stability were removed by the alkali extraction. Further examination of the alkali extract revealed that after neutralization it was the chloroform soluble part of this extract (0.02% wt% of the whole crude) that was responsible for the foaming properties of the crudes investigated. This latter point was confirmed by demonstrating that the surface rheological properties of one of the extracted crudes could be restored by adding back the chloroform-soluble portion of the neutralized alkali extract. Analysis of this extract indicated that the foam-stabilizing materials were short-chain carboxylic acids and phenols of molecular weight -400. In principle, such analytical information could be used to identify principle, such analytical information could be used to identify crude oils likely to present severe foaming problems in the field. Such information could enable the process engineer to take appropriate corrective measures early in the life of a new field, thus avoiding the need for high capital expenditure at a later stage. Introduction Crude oil foams can pose major problems for operators of gas/oil separation plants, causing a loss of crude in the separated gas stream and consequent loss of revenue and possible damage to downstream compressors. Thus, an possible damage to downstream compressors. Thus, an understanding of the factors controlling crude oil foam stability is highly desirable, since it should lead to better methods of foam prediction and control. With this end in mind, we have attempted to identify those crude oil components responsible for foam stabilization. This paper outlines our findings to date and attempts to demonstrate that a similar suite of compounds is responsible for the stabilization of a wide range of crude oil foams. Experimental Materials Crude Oils. Chemical-free samples of 16 different stock-tank crude oils were obtained from a variety of sources (see Table 1). Particular care was taken to ensure that these samples were stored under nitrogen to prevent oxidation of the crudes. prevent oxidation of the crudes. Reagents used were cyclohexane, spectroscopic grade (from BDH); chloroform, general purpose reagent grade (from BDH); diethyl ether, general purpose reagent grade (from BDH); sodium hydroxide pellets, technical grade (from BDH); and SIL-PREP reagent: Applied Science Laboratories Ltd. All solvents were distilled before use, and only an 80% heart cut was taken. Techniques Foaminess Index Measurements. The foaming column used in this work consisted of a graduated glass tube approximately 30 cm [12 in.] in length with two fine sintered glass disks placed 1 cm [0.4 in.] apart, situated at the base of the tube just above the gas inlet. The gas used to create the foam is admitted to the column by way of a pressure reduction and flow meter assembly (see Ref. 1). The measurements were initiated by pipetting an aliquot of crude oil, just sufficient to cover the upper sintered disk, into the foaming column. The oil was allowed to spread over the sintered disk. Compressed air (or natural gas), flowing at a constant rate (40 cm3/sec [40 mL/min]), then was admitted to the column by way of the sintered disk and the crude oil was taken up into the froth. The bubbling was continued for 5 minutes after all the liquid had been taken up into the foam. When a homogeneous foam had been achieved, the height of the upper foam/gas interface was recorded. Three runs were performed on each crude oil studied. The foaminess index performed on each crude oil studied. The foaminess index (E) of each of the stripped and complete stock-tank crude oils then was determined by Bikerman's method. (1) where V, is the constant foam volume at time t and V is the volume of gas injected during time t. Extraction of Crude Oil Surfactants. Treatment with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was found to be the best means of extracting the acidic components in the crude oils. The oils were dissolved in cyclohexane to give 10% vol/vol solutions, thereby reducing viscosity and thus facilitating rapid phase separation. Despite this precaution some oil still was removed with the aqueous precaution some oil still was removed with the aqueous phase, which necessitated thorough back extraction with phase, which necessitated thorough back extraction with fresh solvent to ensure the selectivity of the separation. The sodium salts in the aqueous extract then were converted back to the free acids by treatment with excess mineral acid. The concentrate obtained was derived for analysis by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). SPEJ P. 171
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33

El-Dougdoug, W. I. A. "Synthesis and surface active properties of cationic surface active agents from crude rice bran oil." Grasas y Aceites 50, no. 5 (October 30, 1999): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1999.v50.i5.683.

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Li, Mingyuan, Mingjin Xu, Meiqin Lin, and Zhaoliang Wu. "The Effect of HPAM on Crude Oil/Water Interfacial Properties and the Stability of Crude Oil Emulsions." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (February 2007): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932690600992829.

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35

Guo, Jixiang, Qing Liu, Mingyuan Li, Zhaoliang Wu, and Alfred A. Christy. "The effect of alkali on crude oil/water interfacial properties and the stability of crude oil emulsions." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 273, no. 1-3 (February 2006): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.10.015.

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36

Singh, Gurjap, Mehdi Esmaeilpour, and Albert Ratner. "Investigation of Combustion Properties and Soot Deposits of Various US Crude Oils." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122368.

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The oil boom in the North Dakota oilfields has resulted in improved energy security for the US. Recent estimates of oil production rates indicate that even completion of the Keystone XL pipeline will only fractionally reduce the need to ship this oil by rail. Current levels of oil shipment have already caused significant strain on rail infrastructure and led to crude oil train derailments, resulting in loss of life and property. Treating crude oil as a multicomponent liquid fuel, this work aims to understand crude oil droplet burning and thereby lead to methods to improve train fire safety. Sub-millimeter sized droplets of Pennsylvania, Texas, Colorado, and Bakken crude were burned, and the process was recorded with charge-couple device (CCD) and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) high-speed cameras. The resulting images were post-processed to obtain various combustion parameters, such as burning rate, ignition delay, total combustion time, and microexplosion behavior. The soot left behind was analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This data is expected be used for validation of combustion models for complex multicomponent liquid fuels, and subsequently in the modification of combustion properties of crude oil using various additives to make it safer to transport.
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Chomini, M. S., A. J. Daspan, C. Kambai, A. E. Chomini, E. A. Bassey, V. Fatoke, and A. U. Rabiu. "Assessment of Biodiesel Fuel Potentials of Seed Crude Oil Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 8 (September 9, 2020): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i8.24.

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Study on assessmentof biodiesel fuel potentials of seed crude oil extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del was carriedout. Standard methods of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were adopted to evaluate the proximate, physico-chemical properties and fatty acid compositions of crude seed oil extracts of the test plant. The proximate constituents of the crude seed oil extract gave crude protein (22.09%), crude fat (56.75%), moisturecontent (1.35%), ash (4.70%), crudefiber (12.75%) and carbohydrate (2.36%). The crude oil physicochemical properties included saponification value(216.439mgKOH/g), peroxide value(4.84meq/kg), acid value(2.18mgKOH/g), iodine value(77.08g/100g), viscosity value(150.3@30°C) and cetane number(54.08), refractive index(1.487 @30°C), relative density (0.949g/cm3) while calorific value was 39.03(MJ/kg). The fatty acids composition of crude kernel oil extract of B. aegyptiaca indicated the presence of four (4) fatty acids, with relative percentage abundance (RPA) in the order of 67.17% (9,12-Octadecanoic acid (C19 H3402)) > 16.22% (Pentadecanoic acid (C17H3402)) > 11.8kg% (Heptacosanoic acid (C28H5602)) > 4.72% (Oleic acid(C18H3402)). These properties conferred relative prospects on the crude oil of the test plant as a suitable potential biodiesel substrate and consequently, large scale aforestation efforts be renewed, to guarantee ready availability of the raw materials. Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Biodiesel, proximate, physicochemical, crude seed oil extracts
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Al-Jewaree, Hazim, and Omar M.Ali. "An experimentally investigate the effect of physical properties on the production of lubricating materials from crude oils." Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.01.p3.

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Abstract One of the most important oil derivatives in our time, which all the world seeks to obtain and produce a lot is lubricating oils, which are used for several important purposes and the most important is to keep the thermal engines from damage or collapse due to the phenomenon of friction of the moving parts mechanically at a high temperatures and pressure is relatively high as well as the wear phenomenon This research effort focuses on a comparative study of five types of mix crude Libyan oils (El-Feel Field, Al Wafa Field, Amina Field, Brega Field and Al-Sedra Field) for produced the lubricated oil experimentally . Test carried out on the production the lubrication oil by measuring the physical properties include: normal boiling point, pour point, specific gravity (Sp. gr.), standard density (API), dynamic viscosity , kinematics viscosity , Acentric factor and Watson factor (K or Kw). It’s found from the practical results of the production the lubricating oil from crude oil for atmospheric distillation of crude oil practically depends on measurement two physical properties very accurately Watson factor first and then the API. The results from the tests showed that, mix crude oil of Amena, El-Sedra and El-Feel fields suitable than others for production the lubricated oil at atmospheric and then use the vacuum distillation columns. Other results observation, that’s two others types are impossible to produce the lubricated oil. Also, the results observed that’s the useful mole percentage of lubricated oil cutoff has range very small from 2 to 17 % for these types of Libyan crude oils, this percentage will be increase when use vacuum distillation with added some additives materials. In addition, practical results have been found that not all the cutoff produced from atmospheric distillation within the range of temperatures between 370 and 550 oC are lubricating oils, but other compounds are oil derivatives suitable for different fuel depending on the chemical structure of these extracts. The final conclusion of this work is that any crude oil with a light Arabic class (has a relative density API less than 38 and a Kw lower than 12.1) is suitable for the production of lubricated oils from the crude oil. Keyword: physical properties of crude oil, lubricated oil, Libyan crude oil
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Szuflita, Sławomir, Wojciech Krasodomski, Jerzy Kuśnierczyk, Mirosław Wojnicki, and Marcin Warnecki. "Ocena kompatybilności rop naftowych metodą pompową i filtracyjną." Nafta-Gaz 77, no. 7 (July 2021): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2021.07.05.

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According to the National Bank of Poland, by the end of 2019, oil imports to Poland amounted to 26.3 million tonnes of crude oil, where the main volume came from Russia. The need to ensure greater energy security enforces the diversification of crude oil supplies, thus the largest domestic refineries are increasing the share of supplies from different sources each year. This entails the need for continuous information on the profitability of processing new types of crude oil and potential problems resulting in increased cost. Quality control of the crude oil offered on the market helps minimize the risk of purchasing incompatible oil types by ensuring that the proposed shipment meets the relevant quality requirements. Of particular importance is the fact that such tests should be performed prior to the decision to purchase a particular crude oil and introduce it to the refinery’s installation. It often happens, however, that detailed tests are performed only after the purchase. It is important to note that testing the physicochemical properties and determining the yield of individual fractions alone is not sufficient. Precipitation of sediments in the logistic chain of crude oil is a significant problem both in pipeline installations, storage depots, and refinery installations, where crude oil containing dispersed sediments is processed. In the previous stage of work, an effective filtration method was developed to determine the compatibility of crude oils and their mixtures. Now, attention was focused on developing a new method that allowed for a faster compatibility measurement capability along with reusing samples for another measurement. The developed new method of pump compatibility testing was tested for two crude oils from different supply directions. The measurements were performed for crude oils and their mixtures at 150°C under 25 bar pressure. Compatibility of crude oils with the filtration method was used for comparison, where based on the mass of sediment separated on special filters, the allowable concentrations where hydrocarbon mixtures were compatible were determined.
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Jokuty, Paula. "PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS (NOT JUST ANOTHER PRETTY DATABASE)." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-975.

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ABSTRACT When an oil spill occurs, there is an immediate need on the part of spill responders to know the properties of the spilled oil, as these will affect the behavior, fate, and effects of the oil, which will in turn affect the choice of countermeasures. However, it is often difficult or impossible to obtain a sample of the spilled oil, let alone the specialized analysis required to determine its properties, in a manner timely enough to suit the circumstances of an oil spill. Under the scrutiny of the media and the public, answers regarding the identity and predicted behavior of the spilled oil will be expected immediately, if not sooner. In preparation for such emergencies, the Emergencies Science Division (ESD) of Environment Canada has been collecting properties data for crude oils and oil products since 1984. Basic physical properties—density, viscosity, pour point, etc.—and environmentally relevant characteristics—evaporation rates, emulsion formation, chemical dispersibility—are measured. Properties related to health and safety—flash point, volatile organic compounds, sulfur—also are determined. In fact, nearly 20 different types of measurements are made for both fresh and weathered crude oils and oil products. To date data has been collected for more than 400 oils. For ease of access, this information is stored in an electronic database. The database in turn is accessible via the World Wide Web, and is also periodically printed in an easy-to-read catalogue format. The wide variety of data collected in the database also makes it possible to examine both simple and complex relationships that may exist between oil properties and spill behavior. This presentation will review the full scope of information determined and collected by ESD. Using tables and graphs, examples will be presented of the many ways in which this information can be viewed and used by both laymen and experts in the field of oil spills.
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41

Uçar, Suat, and Selhan Karagöz. "Co-processing of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil via pyrolysis." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 5 (January 18, 2017): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16680729.

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The co-pyrolysis of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil at different blend ratios was investigated at 500ºC in a fixed bed reactor. The effect of olive bagasse to crude rapeseed oil ratio on the product distributions and properties of the pyrolysis products were comparatively investigated. The addition of crude rapeseed oil into olive bagasse in the co-pyrolysis led to formation of upgraded biofuels in terms of liquid yields and properties. While the pyrolysis of olive bagasse produced a liquid yield of 52.5 wt %, the highest liquid yield of 73.5 wt % was obtained from the co-pyrolysis of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil at a blend ratio of 1:4. The bio-oil derived from olive bagasse contained 5% naphtha, 10% heavy naphtha, 30% gas oil, and 55% heavy gas oil. In the case of bio-oil obtained from the co-pyrolysis of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil at a blend ratio of 1:4, the light naphtha, heavy naphtha, and light gas oil content increased. This is an indication of the improved characteristics of the bio-oil obtained from the co-processing. The heating value of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of olive bagasse alone was 34.6 MJ kg−1 and the heating values of bio-oils obtained from the co-pyrolysis of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil ranged from 37.6 to 41.6 MJ kg−1. It was demonstrated that the co-processing of waste biomass with crude plant oil is a good alternative to improve bio-oil yields and properties.
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42

Siti Nurul Akmal Yusof, Siti Mariam Basharie, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik, Yutaka Asako, and Saiful Bahri Mohamed. "Characterization of Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Corn Oil and Waste Cooking Oil for Biodiesel Production." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 86, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.86.2.136146.

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Biodiesel production is the reaction of raw oils with mixing and heating within catalyst and methanol. The raw oils usually come from vegetable oils and animal fats. Vegetable oils are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production since they are renewable in nature. Nevertheless, the physical properties of biodiesel pose some acute problems when used in an unmodified engine. It is important to diesel and biodiesels because it impacts components such as the fuel pump. Therefore, this paper intends to investigate the properties of biodiesel samples in terms of viscosity, density, flash point and acid values at different bio lipids and different mixing time. The evaluation is carried out on the three types of biodiesels: crude oil, crude palm oil, corn oil, and waste cooking oil. Methanol was chosen over the others for the transesterification process because it was cheaper. The esterification process, which reduces the amount of free fatty acids in the crude oil, will be performed with the help of an acid catalyst. Alkaline catalysts, in contrast, are used for the transesterification process. The comparison of all the samples shows that CPO is the better biodiesel than the other due to the physical properties of kinematic viscosity, density and flashpoint.
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43

Li, Qiang, Yuhan Zhang, Qing Miao, Lei Chen, Ziyun Yuan, and Gang Liu. "Rheological properties of oil–water Pickering emulsion stabilized by Fe3O4 solid nanoparticles." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 1188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0223.

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Abstract Pickering emulsions have attracted extensive attention due to their good properties including easy to manufacture, high stability, and superparamagnetic response. To improve the emulsifying transportation of crude oil, a Pickering emulsion of crude oil and water stabilized by Fe3O4 nanoparticles was prepared and its rheological properties were tested in this research. It was found that the particle size of dispersion droplet polymerization group in stable crude oil Pickering emulsion is negatively correlated with solid content and water content, and the equilibrium apparent viscosity {\mu }_{\text{ap}} of emulsion follows the power law fluid equation. Besides, this kind of Pickering emulsion has higher elasticity of interface membrane, which means by adding functional particles, it obtains good dynamic stability, and thus, has a great application property in crude oil industry.
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44

Strøm-Kristiansen, Tove, Alun Lewis, Per S. Daling, Jorunn Nerbø Hokstad, and Ivar Singsaas. "WEATHERING AND DISPERSION OF NAPHTHENIC, ASPHALTENIC, AND WAXY CRUDE OILS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-631.

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ABSTRACT The chemical composition and physical properties of a crude oil determine the behavior of the oil and the way its properties will change when the oil is spilled at sea. Reliable knowledge of the oil's behavior will enable the most effective countermeasure techniques to be used in a spill situation. A diverse range of crude oils is coming into production in the North Sea. The weathering behavior and chemical dispersibility of three very different crude oils—Troll (naphthenic), Balder (asphaltenic), and Nome (waxy)—have recently been thoroughly investigated through bench- and meso-scale experiments. The naphthenic crude oil was also exposed to full-scale studies in the North Sea. This study shows that emulsion formation, the viscosity of emulsion, and the potential for dispersing emulsions by dispersant treatment may vary greatly for the different crude oils. It would be impossible to predict these differences with existing oil-weathering models based on fresh oil properties alone. Especially for abnormal (e.g., highly asphaltenic, waxy) crude oils, the weathering and dispersibility behavior can be revealed only by experimental work. The findings have important implications for effective oil spill response planning, particularly for estimating the most appropriate “window of opportunity” and for optimizing a dispersant application strategy for crude oils.
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45

Hannisdal, Andreas, Robert Orr, and Johan Sjöblom. "Viscoelastic Properties of Crude Oil Components at Oil‐Water Interfaces. 2: Comparison of 30 Oils." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 28, no. 3 (March 2007): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932690601107708.

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46

Jing, Jiaqiang, Jiatong Tan, Haili Hu, Jie Sun, and Peiyu Jing. "Rheological and Emulsification Behavior of Xinjiang Heavy Oil and Model Oils." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 9, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01609010001.

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Transparent model oils are commonly used to study the flow patterns and pressure gradient of crude oil-water flow in gathering pipes. However, there are many differences between the model oil and crude oils. The existing literatures focus on the flow pattern transition and pressure gradient calculation of model oils. This paper compares two most commonly used model oils (white mineral oil and silicon oil) with Xinjiang crude oil from the perspectives of rheological properties, oil-water interfacial tensions, emulsion photomicrographs and demulsification process. It indicates that both the white mineral oil and the crude oils are pseudo plastic fluids, while silicon oil is Newtonian fluid. The viscosity-temperature relationship of white mineral oil is similar to that of the diluted crude oil, while the silicon oil presents a less viscosity gradient with the increasing temperature. The oil-water interfacial tension can be used to evaluate the oil dispersing ability in the water phase, but not to evaluate the emulsion stability. According to the Turbiscan lab and the stability test, the model oil emulsion is less stable than that of crude oil, and easier to present water separation.
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Wang, Jun, Suoqi Zhao, Chunming Xu, and Keng H. Chung. "Properties correlations and characterization of Athabasca oil sands-derived synthetic crude oil." Petroleum Science 4, no. 3 (August 2007): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-007-0014-9.

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48

Al-Sayegh, Abdullah, Yahya Al-Wahaibi, Sanket Joshi, Saif Al-Bahry, Abdulkadir Elshafie, and Ali Al-Bemani. "Bioremediation of Heavy Crude Oil Contamination." Open Biotechnology Journal 10, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701610010301.

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Crude oil contamination is one of the major environmental concerns and it has drawn interest from researchers and industries. Heavy oils contain 24-64% saturates and aromatics, 14-39% resins and 11-45% asphaltene. Resins and asphaltenes mainly consist of naphthenic aromatic hydrocarbons with alicyclic chains which are the hardest to degrade. Crude oil biodegradation process, with its minimal energy need and environmentally friendly approach, presents an opportunity for bioremediation and as well for enhanced oil recovery to utilize heavy oil resources in an efficient manner. Biodegradation entails crude oil utilization as a carbon source for microorganisms that in turn change the physical properties of heavy crude oil by oxidizing aromatic rings, chelating metals and severing internal bonds/chains between molecules. Biodegradation does not necessarily lower quality of crude oil as there are cases where quality was improved. This paper provides information on heavy crude oil chemistry, bioremediation concept, biodegradation enzymes, cases of Microbial Enhanced heavy crude Oil Recovery (MEOR) and screening criteria towards a better understanding of the biodegradation application. Through the utilization of single microorganisms and consortia, researchers were able to biodegrade single pure hydrocarbon components, transform heavy crude oil fractions to lighter fractions, remove heavy metals and reduce viscosity of crude oil.
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Wilhelm, S. Mark, Lian Liang, and David Kirchgessner. "Identification and Properties of Mercury Species in Crude Oil†." Energy & Fuels 20, no. 1 (January 2006): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef0501391.

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50

Zhen, Chen, and Wei Xiaolin. "Analysis for Combustion Properties of Crude Oil Pool Fire." Procedia Engineering 84 (2014): 514–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.463.

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