Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crude oil transportation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Crude oil transportation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Crude oil transportation"

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Tang, Hong, Ke Huang, and R. Tao. "Electrorheology Improves Transportation of Crude Oil." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 22, no. 15 (October 2011): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11421816.

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Brown, Gerald G., Glenn W. Graves, and David Ronen. "Scheduling Ocean Transportation of Crude Oil." Management Science 33, no. 3 (March 1987): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.33.3.335.

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Liu, Guo Li, Jun Zhao, and Wei Wang. "Optimal Policies for Crude Oil Purchasing." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 2019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.2019.

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Since crude oil purchasing accounts for the largest part of the total costs in the petroleum industry, improving the efficiency of the process is of great significance in economy. In this paper, a novel mixed integer linear programming model is formulated for a large typical oil refinery to determine the purchasing, inventory and transportation quantities over a multi-period horizon while taking into account all the practical features of crude oil purchasing. The objective of the model is to minimize the total costs attributed to crude oil purchasing, i.e. the sum of ordering, purchasing, inventory and transportation costs. The constraints related to bill of materials, different capacities and different transportation modes are considered. A numerical example indicates the extensive application of the presented model.
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Mamonova, A. O., O. A. Plugatyreva, E. M. Khusnutdinova, and A. N. Khusnutdinov. "Features of very heavy crude oil transportation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 570 (August 15, 2019): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/570/1/012067.

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Klepikov, Vladimir Pavlovich, and Vladimir Vladimirovich Klepikov. "Oil refining and delivery in the Western European region." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-08-2018-0007.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the key trends in oil delivery and production and evaluate the capacities of crude oil transportation systems in the Western European region. Design/methodology/approach To meet these goals, qualitative data analysis was used to assess the contribution of countries in the region to the total crude oil production and delivery, the changes in concentration of crude oil deliveries and refineries’ capacities, the capabilities of the regional crude oil transportation system and the trends in crude oil supplies and processing from 2005 to 2015. Findings The study established that from 2013 to 2015 oil supply to the region’s refineries increased and generated additional stress on the transportation and refining infrastructure. Research limitations/implications This study examined the aggregate values of crude oil production, crude oil deliveries and refining capacities. In practice, different refineries are set to process certain types of crude oil. It is possible to use the described approach with a certain crude oil grade. Practical implications When developing the programmes for crude oil supply to refineries, it is vital to take into account the capacities of refineries and the capabilities of the crude oil transportation systems. Originality/value The study suggests that the region’s infrastructure has the necessary reserves to operate for the next few years without additional investments.
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Liu, Guo Li, Jun Zhao, and Wei Wang. "Optimal Policies for Crude Oil Selection." Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.431.

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In this paper, we investigate the crude oil selection problem derived from the production of a large typical oil refinery. A deterministic mixed integer programming model for making purchasing decisions in the refinery is proposed in which practical transportation requirements are considered. The objective is to select the varieties of crude oil and determine the purchasing, production and inventory quantities under complicated material-balance constraints and capacity constraints for minimizing the sum of purchasing, order, inventory and transportation costs. A numerical example indicates the extensive application of the presented model.
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Sanni, Samuel Eshorame, A. S. Olawale, and S. S. Adefila. "Modeling of Sand and Crude Oil Flow in Horizontal Pipes during Crude Oil Transportation." Journal of Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/457860.

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Some oil and gas reservoirs are often weakly consolidated making them liable to sand intrusion. During upstream petroleum production operations, crude oil and sand eroded from formation zones are often transported as a mixture through horizontal pipes up to the well heads and between well heads and flow stations. The sand transported through the pipes poses serious problems ranging from blockage, corrosion, abrasion, and reduction in pipe efficiency to loss of pipe integrity. A mathematical description of the transport process of crude oil and sand in a horizontal pipe is presented in this paper. The model used to obtain the mathematical description is the modified form of Doan et al. (1996 and 2000) models. Based on the necessity to introduce a sand deposit concentration term in the mass conservation equation, an additional equation for solid phase was derived. Difference formulae were generated having applied Fick’s equation for diffusion to the mass conservation equations since diffusion is one of the transport mechanisms. Mass and volume flow rates of oil were estimated. The new model, when tested with field data, gave 85% accuracy at the pipe inlet and 97% accuracy at the exit of the pipe.
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Zaki, Nael N. "Surfactant stabilized crude oil-in-water emulsions for pipeline transportation of viscous crude oils." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 125, no. 1 (May 1997): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(96)03768-5.

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Huang, Cheng, and I. A. Karimi. "Scheduling Tanker-Lightering Operations in Crude Oil Transportation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45, no. 24 (November 2006): 8063–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie060379j.

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Yaghi, Basma M., and Ali Al-Bemani. "Heavy Crude Oil Viscosity Reduction for Pipeline Transportation." Energy Sources 24, no. 2 (February 2002): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908310252774417.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crude oil transportation"

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Shen, Qingning. "Logistics planning in the transportation of crude oil." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0012.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la logistique pétrolière. Le problème étudié correspond au problème combiné du transport et de la gestion des stocks étudié dans la littérature. Mais les travaux existants prennent rarement en compte l'ensemble des caractéristiques du transport maritime : flotte hétérogène, multiples modes de transport, canaux de navigation etc. Nous étudions d'abord le problème dans un contexte réel de transport pétrolier, où le distributeur dispose d'une flotte hétérogène de pétroliers et peut en louer en cas de besoin. Les routes potentielles sont multiples : voies maritimes classiques, pipelines, canaux spéciaux. Les demandes des clients peuvent être livrées en retard mais avec une pénalité. La capacité de stockage chez les clients est limitée. Les coûts de stockage, de transport fixe et variable sont considérés. Le problème consiste à déterminer le nombre de départs et de retours de chaque type de pétroliers pendant chaque période sur chaque route, les quantités et les itinéraires de livraisons pour chaque client en minimisant le coût total logistique. Ce problème NP-difficile est modélisé en programmation linéaire en nombres mixtes. Ensuite, une méthode méta heuristique basée sur GRASP et Path Relinking et une approche de relaxation lagrangienne ont été développées. Les expériences numériques montrent l'efficacité des algorithmes proposés. Enfin, nous étudions un problème théorique où le distributeur dispose d'une flotte homogène de taille illimitée de pétroliers. Un algorithme polynomial de programmation dynamique est proposé pour ce problème
In this thesis, an inventory routing problem in crude oil transportation in real life is studied, in which crude oil is transported from an unlimited supply center to a set of customer harbors to satisfy their dynamic demands over multiple periods. In the problem, a heterogeneous fleet of tankers consisting of tankers owned by a distributor and tankers rented from a third party logistics provider, a pipeline, multiple types of routes are considered; both inventory level and shortage level at each customer harbor are limited. The objective is to determine in each period the number of tankers of each type dispatched on each route and their loads, the number of tankers of each type rented/returned at the supply center and the quantity of crude oil flowing through the pipe-line to minimize the total logistics cost. The problem is extremely complex, few papers studied it; as the problem is difficult to be solved exactly in a reasonable time, we first formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear program model, and then develop two optimization methods, a GRASP enhanced with an intensification strategy Path Relinking and a Lagrangian relaxation approach to find near optimal solutions of the problem. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods for solving the problem. In addition, we propose an O(T3) dynamic programming algorithm for a simplified version of the problem, in which the crude oil is delivered directly from a supply center to a single customer harbor with dynamic demand by unlimited identical tankers
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Booker, David Richard. "Volumetric shrinkage of spiked crude oils." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235968.

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Carlson, S. Joel (Stephen Joel). "Understanding government and railroad strategy for crude oil transportation in North America." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90156.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 199-214).
On July 6, 2013, an oil-laden unit train derailed and exploded in Lac-Megantic, Quebec, Canada, killing 47 people, shocking and saddening many, and leading to significantly increased public scrutiny of crude oil transported by rail. Simultaneously, there has been intense scrutiny of proposed pipelines from the oil/tar sands in Alberta, most notably the TransCanada Keystone XL. Not only is there concern about the potential environmental impacts of the pipelines themselves, such as a potential spill of diluted bitumen, but there is also concern about the consequences of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the energy-intensiveness of bitumen production and refining. Proponents argue that a denial of pipeline permits by governments in Canada and the United States would lead to more crude by rail, an outcome that pipeline supporters believe would not only be less cost-effective, less safe, and less environmentally-friendly, but would also ultimately lead to the same amount of greenhouse gas being emitted from the production and refining of oil sands bitumen. Railroads, with much of the required infrastructure already in place to transport crude, usually do not need to undergo the same environmental assessments as pipelines for modest capacity expansions. As a result, when pipelines are evaluated through political and regulatory processes in Canada and the US, much of the focus is on what railroads might do if a pipeline permit is not approved, rather than what they should do. This research emphasizes the latter. The CLIOS Process, an approach for studying complex sociotechnical systems, is used to study the relationships between the oil sands production and transportation systems, the institutional actors that govern them, and the critical contemporary issues of economic development, energy security, climate change, and safety. Specifically, strategic alternatives - pipelines and railroads - for adding transportation capacity from the oil sands are identified and their performance along dimensions of societal concern are compared and contrasted. Additionally, recognizing that railroad safety is of particular concern, CAST, an accident investigation tool built on the STAMP accident causation model, is used to study the safety control structure of the Canadian railway industry that existed prior to the Lac-Megantic accident. This research describes how environmental acceptability is implicit in advancing energy security and economic development. The research also raises questions about the acceptability of safety risks associated with rail transport of crude oil and recommends that this issue be further debated at railway management, regulatory, and political levels. Both railroad and pipeline modes are environmentally efficient and safe, and the emphasis of the conclusions is that further improving environmental performance and further improving safety should be focused on, whenever possible, not only by looking inwardly at one organization or transport mode in isolation, but also by seeking broader system-level changes.
by S. Joel Carlson.
S.M. in Transportation
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Shehu, Habiba. "Innovative hydrocarbons recovery and utilization technology using reactor-separation membranes for off-gases emission during crude oil shuttle tanker transportation and natural gas processing." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/3129.

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The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere, as well as the high rate of depletion of hydrocarbon-based resources have become a global concern. A major source of emissions of hydrocarbon vapours occur during loading and offloading operations in crude oil shuttle tanker transportation. The emitted gases have a typical composition of 60 % N2, 10 % CO2, 5% O2, 5 % C3H8, 10% CH4, 5% C2H6 and 5 % higher hydrocarbons. As a result, various methods aimed to add value to GHG to produce valuable fuels and chemical feedstock are being developed. This work incorporates the use of silica, polyurethane/zeolite and y-type zeolite membrane on an alumina support to selectively permeate methane and carbon dioxide from inert gases and higher hydrocarbons. The recovered gas is upgraded by dry reforming reactions employing rhodium/alumina membrane incorporated into a shell and tube reactor. Mixed gas permeation tests have been carried out with the permeate and feed gases sent to the online gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass spectrometry (MS) detector and an automated 6-port gas sampling valve with a 30 mm HP- Plot Q column. The question is what mesoporous membrane can be highly selective for the separation of methane and carbon dioxide from inert gases and higher hydrocarbons, and what is the effect of temperature and feed gas pressure on the conversion of separated gases? Characterisation of the modified membranes was carried out using nitrogen physisorption measurements and showed the hysteresis isotherms corresponding to type IV and V, which is indicative of a mesoporous membrane. The surface area and the pore size were determined using the Barrett, Joyner, Halenda (BJH) desorption method, which showed the silica membrane had a larger surface area (10.69 m2 g-1) compared to zeolite (0.11 m2 g-1) and polyurethane/zeolite membrane (0.31 m2 g-1). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis confirmed the asymmetric deposition of silica, polyurethane, rhodium and zeolite crystals in the matrix of the alumina support. Single gas permeation tests showed that the synthesised y-type zeolite membrane at 293 K had a CH4/C3H8 selectivity of 3.11, which is higher than the theoretical value of 1.65. The permeating CH4 and C3H8 flux at 373 K and a pressure of 1 x 105 Pa was 0.31 and 0.11 mol s-1 m-2 respectively proving that zeolite has molecular sieving mechanism for separation of methane and propane. The silica membrane exhibited higher effectiveness for the separation of CO2 than the other membranes. For methane dry reforming using a supported rhodium membrane, an increase of the reaction temperature from 973 K to 1173 K showed an increase in conversion rate of CO2 and CH4 from less than 20% to over 90% while increasing the gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) did not have a noticeable effect. The study revealed the high potential of the zeolite and rhodium membrane for gas separation and dry reforming reactions concept in creating value-added carbon-based products from CO2 and CH4.
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Razmjooee, Yarmohammad. "Risks Related to the Maritime Transportation of Oil and Gas (mainly Crude oil, LPG, and LNG) -A Conceptual Study and Empirical Outlook on the Baltic Sea and UK Territorial Waters to Mitigate Risks." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16497.

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Transportation of oil and gas by the Sea characterizes challenges from a safety viewpoint. In this type of transportation, different sizes of special tankers carrying oil and gas. The marine transportation of these scarce natural riches is involved with risks and hazards, which may lead to many losses; for instance, wasting oil and gas, injuries of people, damaging ships and properties, and damaging environment. The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the risks, hazards, and accidents during transportation of oil and gas (mainly Crude Oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and Liquefied natural gas) by the Sea with concentrating on transport safety. Hence, a better understanding of these risks and hazards can contribute to decrease of addressed losses.This study is carried out on risks associated with maritime transportation of oil and gas starting with describing the general casual chain (dealing with causes, incidents, accidents and consequences/causalities), continuing with describing risk analysis techniques (including event tree analysis and fault tree analysis) and risk control measures/options, and finally implementing aforesaid investigations on real data from two areas; namely UK territorial waters and the Baltic Sea.In this study, the results of analyzing data from 1991 to 2010 in UK territorial waters revealed that collision and grounding were two most common accidents in terms of crude oil tankers, LPG and LNG carriers in which 44% of all accidents were equally divided between collision and grounding. In this case, investigation on data from 2004 to 2010 in the Baltic Sea regarding tankers with cargo types of crude oil, oil, oil product and gases also repeated the same findings in that collision and grounding shared the biggest proportion of accidents with 50% and 34% respectively. Analysis of data in UK territorial waters provided that human factor was the main reason behind accidents with 46% followed by technical factor with 39%. Human factor and technical factor recognized also as the main causes of accidents in the Baltic Sea with 33% and 25% respectively. Regarding this subject, human error recognized as the chief culprit and failures in part of design & construction was the second main initial causes of accidents in terms of both human and technical factors. The results of analyzing records from the Baltic Sea also provided that whilst human factor shared the biggest proportion of causes behind accidents, technical factor was the only cause of accidents contributing to all types of accidents. Findings are useful from safety outlook as if specifying accidents and causes of accidents during the Sea transportation of oil and gas.
Program: MSc in Industrial Engineering - Logistics Management
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Coêlho, Nelize Maria de Almeida. "Estudo da hidrodinâmica do escoamento bifásico água-óleo utilizando o padrão Core Annular Flow." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-26032019-095154/.

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A economia mundial é fortemente dependente da disponibilidade de óleo, no entanto as reservas de óleo leve, mais atrativas ao mercado, tendem nos próximos anos ao esgotamento, trazendo à luz as reservas de óleo pesado para atender as demandas do mercado. No entanto, os processos associados ao transporte e processamento desses óleos viscosos consomem muita energia, impondo um grande desafio para a indústria do petróleo. Nesse contexto, se transportar óleos viscosos com água através de um escoamento bifásico em padrão Core Annular Flow (CAF) é muito promissor. Nessa prática, uma película anular de água envolve o núcleo que contém o óleo, minimizando o contato entre este e a parede do duto e reduzindo as perdas de energia por atrito. Visou o presente estudo mapear os padrões de escoamento de óleo pesado com água em dutos horizontais e verticais, mensurar os fatores de redução de potência e do diferencial de pressão associados à um trecho reto e à uma válvula de gaveta aberta e determinar o holdup para avaliar a eficiência do CAF. Para atingir esses objetivos, uma unidade de bancada foi construída, consistindo de tanques de armazenamento e de separação da mistura. Interligando os tanques, foram dispostos dutos transparentes com 27 mm de diâmetro interno e 8 m de extensão, contendo duas seções horizontais e uma vertical para análise e diversos acessórios hidráulicos. O óleo utilizado possuía viscosidade de 3200 cP a 22 °C e densidade de 945 kg/m3 . Os resultados experimentais demonstraram haver diversas configurações de fluxo segundo o posicionamento do duto, e que a diferença de densidade dos fluidos descentraliza o óleo nos escoamentos horizontais. Além disso, o trecho vertical intercalado entre os trechos horizontais se comportou como um retificador de fluxo, melhorando os índices do CAF. Foi determinado um fator de redução de perda de pressão máximo de 250 vezes para o trecho reto e de 12 vezes para a válvula de gaveta. O fator global máximo de redução de potência foi mensurado em 2,2 vezes. Concluiu-se que, para um trecho reto, o projeto de instalações hidráulicas para o escoamento bifásico deve considerar 15 % a mais de perda de carga em relação ao escoamento de água pura. Já para a válvula de gaveta, esse fator deve ser de 700 %.
The world economy is strongly dependent on the availability of oil, however, light oil reserves, more market-oriented, tend to deplete in coming years, bringing to light the heavy oil reserves to meet the demands of the market. However, the processes associated with the transportation and production of these viscous oils consume a lot of energy and pose a great challenge for the oil industry. In this context, transporting viscous oils through a liquid-liquid two-phase oil-water flow in a core annular pattern (CAF) is very promising. In this method, an annular water film surrounds the oil-containing core, minimizing its contact with the pipe wall and reducing energy losses by friction. The aim of the present work was to map the flow patterns of a biphasic oil-water flow in horizontal and vertical pipes, to evaluate the overall energy savings provided by the CAF technique, to measure the pressure gradient reduction factor along the pipe and in a gate valve and to determine the holdup as a way of assessing the energy efficiency of the biphasic oil-water flow transport. To achieve these goals, an experimental facility was built and it consisted of cargo and separation tanks. Connecting these tanks, approximately 8 m of 27mm-ID clear transparent PVC pipes, two horizontal and one vertical sections and various hydraulic fittings. It was used in the tests lubricating oil with 3200 cP and 945 kg/m3 at 22°C and distilled water. The experimental results showed that there are several flow configurations according to the pipe positioning, and that the oil and the water density difference decentralizes the oil core in horizontal flows. In addition, the vertical section placed between the two horizontal ones behaved like a flow rectifier, improving the core annular flow energy savings basis. An average pressure gradient reduction factor of 250 times in a straight pipe and of 12 times in a gate valve was determined. The maximum overall power reduction factor was measured as being 2.2 times. It was concluded that the design of a hydraulic installation to transport heavy oil with water in a core annular pattern should consider a pressure drop increase by a factor of 15 % in a straight pipe and by a factor of 700 % in a gate valve based on the monophasic water transport at similar flow rates.
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Judd, Jason D. "Modeling and Analysis of a Feedstock Logistics Problem." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26810.

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Recently, there has been a surge in the research and application of â Green energyâ in the United States. This has been driven by the following three objectives: (1) to reduce the nationâ s reliance on foreign oil, (2) to mitigate emission of greenhouse gas, and (3) to create an economic stimulus within the United States. Switchgrass is the biomass of choice for the Southeastern United States. In this dissertation, we address a feedstock logistics problem associated with the delivery of switchgrass for conversion into biofuel. In order to satisfy the continual demand of biomass at a bioenergy plant, production fields within a 48-km radius of its location are assumed to be attracted into production. The bioenergy plant is expected to receive as many as 50-400 loads of biomass per day. As a result, an industrialized transportation system must be introduced as early as possible in order to remove bottlenecks and reduce the total system cost. Additionally, we assume locating multiple bioenergy plants within a given region for the production of biofuel. We develop mixed integer programming formulations for the feedstock logistics problem that we address and for some related problems, and we solve them either through the use of decomposition-based methods or directly through the use of CPLEX 12.1.0. The feedstock logistics problem that we address spans the entire system-from the growing of switchgrass to the transporting of bio-crude oil, a high energy density intermediate product, to a refinery for conversion into a final product. To facilitate understanding, we present the reader with a case study that includes a preliminary cost analysis of a real-life-based instance in order to provide the reader appropriate insights of the logistics system before applying optimization techniques for its solution. First, we consider the benefits of active versus passive ownership of the production fields. This is followed by a discussion on the selection of baler type, and then, a discussion of contracts between various business entities. The advantages of storing biomass at a satellite storage location (SSL) and interactions between the operations performed at the production field with those performed at the storage locations are then established. We also provide a detailed description of the operations performed at a SSL. Three potential equipment options are presented for transporting biomass from the SSLs to a utilization point, defined in this study as a Bio-crude Plant (BcP). The details of the entire logistics chain are presented in order to highlight the need for making decisions in view of the entire chain rather than basing them on its segments. We model the feedstock logistics problem as a combination of a 2-level facility location-allocation problem and a multiple traveling salesmen problem (mATSP). The 2-level facility location-allocation problem pertains to the allocation of production fields to SSLs and SSLs to one of the multiple bioenergy plants. The mATSP arises because of the need for scheduling unloading operations at the SSLs. To this end, we provide a detailed study of 13 formulations of the mATSP and their reformulations as ATSPs. First, we assume that the SSLs are always full, regardless of when they are scheduled to be unloaded. We, then, relax this assumption by providing precedence constraints on the availability of the SSLs. This precedence is defined in two different ways and, is then, effectively modeled utilizing all the formulations for the mATSP and ATSP. Given the location of a BcP for the conversion of biomass to bio-crude oil, we develop a feedstock logistics system that relies on the use of SSLs for temporary storage and loading of round bales. Three equipment systems are considered for handling biomass at the SSLs, and they are either placed permanently or are mobile, and thereby, travel from one SSL to another. We use a mathematical programming-based approach to determine SSLs and equipment routes in order to minimize the total cost incurred. The mathematical program is applied to a real-life production region in South-central Virginia (Gretna, VA), and it clearly reveals the benefits of using SSLs as a part of the logistics system. Finally, we provide a sensitivity analysis on the input parameters that we used. This analysis highlights the key cost factors in the model, and it emphasizes areas where biggest gains can be achieved for further cost reduction. For a more general scenario, where multiple BcPs have to be located, we use a nested Bendersâ decomposition-based method. First, we prove the validity of using this method. We, then, employ this method for the solution of a potential real-life instance. Moreover, we successfully solve problems that are more than an order of magnitude larger than those solved directly by CPLEX 12.1.0. Finally, we develop a Bendersâ decomposition-based method for the solution of a problem that gives rise to a binary sub-problem. The difficulty arises because of the sub-problem being an integer program for which the dual solution is not readily available. Our approach consists of first solving the integer sub-problem, and then, generating the convex hull at the optimal integer point. We illustrate this approach for an instance for which such a convex hull is readily available, but otherwise, it is too expensive to generate for the entire problem. This special instance is the solution of the mATSP (using Bendersâ decomposition) for which each of the sub-problems is an ATSP. The convex hull for the ATSP is given by the Dantzig, Fulkerson, and Johnson constraints. These constraints at a given integer solution point are only polynomial in number. With the inclusion of these constraints, a linear programming solution and its corresponding dual solution can now be obtained at the optimal integer points. We have proven the validity of using this method. However, the success of our algorithm is limited because of a large number of integer problems that must be solved at every iteration. While the algorithm is theoretically promising, the advantages of the decomposition do not seem to outweigh the additional cost resulting from solving a larger number of decomposed problems.
Ph. D.
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Rojas, d'Onofrio Jorge. "Capacité opérative des réseaux de transfert de pétrole." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668722.

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Cette thèse étudie des systèmes locaux de gestion de transfert de pétrole ayant une architecture de réseau de canalisation. Pour leur représentativité, deux systèmes localisés au Venezuela et appartenant à l'entreprise PDVSA (Pétroles du Venezuela) ont été retenus pour illustrer les méthodes proposées et les valider : le Terminal Maritime de Pétrole de Guaraguao et le Centre de Stockage de Punta de Palmas. Dans ces réseaux des connexions, appelées " alignements ", sont établies en ouvrant/fermant des vannes à travers d'un système SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition). Le choix d'un alignement doit tenir compte de critères d'optimisation. La minimisation des interférences avec d'autres alignements, liée à la notion de capacité opérative, a été identifiée comme le critère de choix le plus important. Les contributions de cette thèse reposent sur une modélisation sous forme de graphes, et sur des algorithmes appartenant au domaine de la recherche opérationnelle. Elles contribuent à fournir aux opérateurs de supervision des outils d'analyse permettant d'optimiser le choix des alignements. Des indicateurs permettant de quantifier l'impact des opérations d'alignement ou des défaillances, sur la capacité opérative du système, sont proposés. La minimisation de l'impact sur la capacité opérative, va correspondre à la minimisation des interférences avec des alignements potentiels. Un algorithme de calcul de ces indicateurs, est présenté, ainsi que des algorithmes de recherche de chemin, de détermination d'éléments critiques, et de recherche d'alignements utilisant des pompes. Ces algorithmes sont basés sur des algorithmes classiques s'adressant au problème du plus court chemin, du flot maximum et du nombre maximum de chemins disjoints. Cependant, ils utilisent des méthodes innovantes, comme l'ajout de contraintes considérant l'existence de sous-types d'alignements, le calcul dynamique des coûts des chemins à partir de son impact sur la capacité opérative, et la recherche de chemins via un point intermédiaire obligatoire. Les contributions sont potentiellement applicables dans des domaines autres que le transport de pétrole. Les algorithmes ont été mis en œuvre en utilisant le langage Python et ont été testés en utilisant les données réelles des réseaux étudiés. L'objectif à moyen terme de ces travaux est le développement d'un logiciel d'assistance à la prise de décision.
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Hasan, Shadi. "Rheology of heavy crude oil and viscosity reduction for pipeline transportation." Thesis, 2007. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/975501/1/MR34627.pdf.

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The rheological properties of heavy crude oil have been investigated using RheoStress RS100 from Haake. The effects of shear rate, temperature and oil concentration on the viscosity have been determined. From the rheological data, it was observed that blending the heavy crude oil with a limited amount of lighter crude oil worked better than using the other alternatives and was considered as the proposed method of reducing the viscosity. Therefore, the theological behavior of heavy crude oil and heavy crude oil-light crude oil (O-light) mixtures has been studied and a series of experiments was conducted. The experiments were performed in terms of studying the effect of shear stress x, shear rate Þ, yield stress x 0 , thixotropic behavior, the storage modulus G' , the loss modulus G" , the complex modulus G* , and the complex viscosity j*. The results showed a significant viscosity reduction of 0.375 Pa.s at room temperature 298 K through which it complies with the desired value required for pumping the heavy crude oil through the pipelines. Moreover, the heavy crude oil showed a thixotropic behavior with hysteresis area of 321.65 KPa.s -1 which decreases with temperature. It was clear that the heavy crude oil required a yield stress of 0.7 Pa, whereas it did not require any yield stress to pump the heavy crude oil-light crude oil mixture. In addition, it was noted that the complex modulus, the storage modulus and the loss modulus showed a direct proportional with frequency and inverse proportional with temperature. The complex viscosity of the heavy crude oil decreased with temperature and fraction of water added, and it reached 225 Pa.s at 338 K.
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TENG, YU-TING, and 鄧毓廷. "The Causal Relationships Study among Crude Oil, Baltic Transportation Index and Taiwan Transportation Stock Index – An Application of VAR Model." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6jwy6w.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
105
International oil prices and international freight index on the operation of the transport industry in Taiwan has a huge impact. This study explores the relationship between the North Sea Brent crude spot, the Baltic dry cargo freight index and the Taiwan transport class weighted share price index. Research data from the Taiwan Economic News (TEJ), during the period from February 2000 to June 2016, a total of 197 months of information. In this paper, we use the vector autoregressive model of time series to decompose the impact response function and the error coefficient of the vector self-regression model with the single test, the causal relationship test, and the leading and backward relationship between the three. Empirical evidence shows that crude oil prices and freight index will affect each other and will affect the Taiwan transport industry stock price index. In addition, the endogencity of the freight index is the weakest, more susceptible to the impact of crude oil, and Taiwan's transport industry share price of the endogenous nature of the strongest, that is, the Taiwan transport industry share price index in addition to the two international factors, the domestic climate factor will also affect the transport industry stock price changes.
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Books on the topic "Crude oil transportation"

1

National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Energy and Environmental Systems and National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, eds. Effects of diluted bitumen on crude oil transmission pipelines. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2013.

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Koops, Wierd. Properties of chemicals and crude oils. The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988.

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Gunner, T. J. Gunner and Edwards on the carriage of crude oil by sea. London: Lloyd's of London Press, 1986.

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Gunner, T. J. Gunner and Edwards on the carriage of crude oil by sea. London: Lloyd's, 1986.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Worland District. Express crude oil pipeline, final environmental impact statement. [Worland, Wyo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Worland District, 1996.

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Tankers full of trouble: The perilous journey of Alaskan crude. New York: Grove Press, 1994.

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U.S. Dept. of Energy. Contingency plans to deal with disruptions in Persian Gulf crude oil supply: A report to Congress : joint report. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1988.

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Energy supply and demand: Hearings before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, to examine energy supply and demand issues relating to crude oil, heating oil, and transportation fuels in light of the rise in price of these fuels, February 24, 2000, March 8, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Transporting Crude Oil by U.S. Rail: Background, Issues, and Trends. Nova Science Pub Inc, 2014.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crude oil transportation"

1

Sassano, A. "Minimizing Costs in Crude Oil Transportation." In Freight Transport Planning and Logistics, 319–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02551-2_10.

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Dai, Caili, and Fulin Zhao. "Pour Point Depression Transportation and Drag Reduction Transportation of Crude Oil." In Oilfield Chemistry, 333–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2950-0_13.

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Groysman, Alec. "History of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products." In Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels, 221–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7884-9_10.

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Islam, M. R. "Potential of Ultrasonic Generators for Use in Oil Wells and Heavy Crude Oil/Bitumen Transportation Facilities." In Asphaltenes, 191–218. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9293-5_7.

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Ilin, Igor, Alexandra Borremans, and Stepan Bakhaev. "The IoT and Big Data in the Logistics Development. Crude Oil Transportation in the Arctic Zone Case Study." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 148–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65726-0_14.

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Magnini, Mirco, and Omar K. Matar. "Deposition from Waxy Crude Oils Flowing in Transportation Pipelines: A Numerical Study." In Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering, 739–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_128.

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Groysman, Alec. "Physico-Chemical Properties and Corrosiveness of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products." In Corrosion in Systems for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products and Biofuels, 1–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7884-9_1.

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Meier, Paul F. "Petroleum Crude Oil." In The Changing Energy Mix, 19–50. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190098391.003.0002.

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Petroleum crude oil is the main energy source for making transportation fuel, providing about 90% of the US gasoline and most of the diesel and jet fuel. It comes in many different varieties, with different densities and sulfur contents. Worldwide there are about 100 million barrels consumed each day, with the United States accounting for 20% of this consumption. Crude oil is supported by an immense infrastructure, which will make it difficult for another energy type to displace it as a transportation fuel. Using the United States as an example, there are about 135 refineries with an operating capacity of nearly 19 million barrels per day. To deliver oil to these refineries there are about 55,000 miles of pipelines, and to deliver products from the refinery to the approximately 150,000 filling stations there are another 95,000 miles of pipelines. Because of this infrastructure, gasoline and diesel are widely available for use in vehicles of all sizes.
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Taiwo, Elijah, John Otolorin, and Tinuade Afolabi. "Crude Oil Transportation: Nigerian Niger Delta Waxy Crude." In Crude Oil Exploration in the World. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/35609.

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"Transportation of Crude Oil and Gas." In Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Laws, 165–88. Malthouse Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvgc60hz.19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crude oil transportation"

1

TANG, HONG, KE HUANG, and R. TAO. "ELECTRORHEOLOGY IMPROVES TRANSPORTATION OF CRUDE OIL." In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814340236_0006.

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Gerez, John M., and Archie R. Pick. "Heavy Oil Transportation by Pipeline." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1875.

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More of the crude oil being produced in the world is heavy oil. It was reported by Meyer and Dietzman (1979) that world annual production of heavy crude oil was about five percent of other oil produced. They forecast that heavy crude oil production would increase. Canadian heavy oil production cumulative to 1979 was reported to be 197 million barrels. By 1996 Canadian daily production levels have risen to the levels shown in Table 1, with annual production of heavy oil and bitumen exceeding cumulative totals produced to 1979.
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Feng Chu, Chengbin Chu, Qingning Shen, and Haoxun Chen. "An O(T3) Polynomial Algorithm for Crude Oil Transportation." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coase.2008.4626471.

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Ling, Xiao, Jinjun Zhang, Hongying Li, Qiyu Huang, and Lei Hou. "Transportation of Waxy Crudes in Batch Through China West Crude Oil Pipeline With Pour-Point-Depressant Beneficiation." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64288.

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The West Crude Oil Pipeline, 1500km long, a newly constructed pipeline, was put into operation in August 2007. Several crudes with different wax content and thus different pour point/gel point are pumped through the pipeline in batch, with the gel point ranging from −10°C to 10°C. In winter, the lowest ground temperature will be as low as 2°C at the depth where the pipeline is buried. The pour-point-depressant (PPD) was used to reduce gel point of the waxy crudes to ensure safety of pipeline operation. To make sure that the selected PPD reduce gel point effectively, field tests were conducted from September to November in 2007 to prepare for winter operation. The PPD was injected to the waxy crudes at the initial station, and gel points and densities were measured at the initial station and several intermediate stations along the pipeline. The test results show that the PPD may effectively reduce the gel point of the crude, but the effectiveness depends on the composition of crude oil; the reduced gel point of the crude may recover during pipelining; reheating temperature at the intermediate stations may seriously affect the flow properties of the PPD beneficiated crude. Reheating the PPD beneficiated Tuha crude oil to the temperature range of 20 ∼ 35°C results in poor flow properties. This indicates that the reheating temperature at the intermediate stations must be properly controlled to avoid falling into this temperature range. Based on this field test, the pipeline was safely operated for last winter.
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Leporcher, E. M., J. L. Peytavy, Y. Mollier, J. Sjoblom, and C. Labes-Carrier. "Multiphase Transportation: Hydrate Plugging Prevention Through Crude Oil Natural Surfactants." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/49172-ms.

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Abdou, Hesham A. M. "Managing of a Strategic Crude Oil Pipeline for Maximum Transportation Capacity." In ASME 2013 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2013-9802.

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The aged crude oil pipeline; 16″ × 166 km since November 1984, extends from Meleiha field at western desert to El-Hamra terminal at coast of the Mediterranean sea. Its original capacity was 100,000 BOPD using two pumping stations; one at Meleiha and the other is a boosting station, 83 km far from Meleiha. Planned pumped flow rate increased to 177,000 BOPD at the time that Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) reduced from 1440 psi to 950 psi. This paper shows managing procedures led to pumping higher flow rate without exceeding MAWP, where two solutions to accommodate such increase in production were applied; firstly by looping the existing pipeline with a (16″ × 56 km), secondly by using a Drag Reducing Agent (DRA), so that could reduce hydraulic friction losses and Total Dynamic Pressure (TDP) in the system and could pumped more with reduced initial pumping pressure at Meleiha. So, the intermediate station was temporarily abandoned. Mathematical models are designed to simulate pumping operation through the whole system, where TDP is predicted for the three pipeline cases: 1- normal case without both looping & DRA. 2- case without DRA & with looping. 3- case with both looping & DRA. Laws of hydraulics are applied with the deduced formula represents performance of DRA in which percentage of drop in pressure losses is modeled as a function of DRA dose in ppm. Close agreement is remarked between values of the deduced theoretical values and actual values obtained for TDP, confirming validity of such mathematical models.
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Yuan, Xuhua. "Research on crude oil storage and transportation based on optimization algorithm." In ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, MACHINERY, ELECTRONICS II: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advances in Materials, Machinery, Electronics (AMME 2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5033746.

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Weiwei, Zhang, Zhang Guangyu, and Dong Huijuan. "The Effect of Magnetic Radiation on Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil." In 2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2010.279.

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Sharma, Kuldip, V. K. Saxena, Avinish Kumar, H. C. Ghildiyal, A. Anuradha, N. D. Sharma, B. K. Sharma, and R. S. Dinesh. "Pipeline Transportation of Heavy/Viscous Crude Oil as Water Continuous Emulsion in." In SPE India Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/39537-ms.

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Nura, Silpa Asti, Riko Putra, Reviana Revitasari, Achmad Anggawirya Alimin, Muhammad Ibadurrohman, and Bambang Heru Susanto. "The effect of blending heavy crude oil and marginal heavy crude oil in Sumatera towards pipeline transportation using flow assurance approach." In THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0063436.

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Reports on the topic "Crude oil transportation"

1

Savage, L. Environmental guidance documents for exploration, development, Production, and transportation of crude oil and natural gas in texas: Quarterly technical report, January 1, 1997-March 31, 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/567399.

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Analysis of selected energy security issues related to US crude oil and natural gas exploration, development, production, transportation and processing. Final report, Task 13. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180935.

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