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1
Hawkins, Roxanne D., Emma L. Hawkins, and Joanne M. Williams. "Psychological Risk Factors for Childhood Nonhuman Animal Cruelty." Society & Animals 25, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 280–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341448.
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Despite growing research into human-nonhuman animal relationships, little is known about childhood cruelty to nonhuman animals. The purpose of this review was to investigate the potential psychological risk factors for childhood cruelty to animals. The aim was to assemble, synthesize, and evaluate the quality and breadth of existing empirical research and highlight areas in need of further study. The review reveals a myriad of potential psychological risk factors associated with childhood animal cruelty, but highlights the decrease in publications on this topic over time and the lack of high-quality publications. Investigating the factors underlying cruel behavior toward animals has great implications for animal welfare and child wellbeing, and is vital for designing and implementing successful universal and targeted interventions to prevent cruelty to animals.
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Kirov, Veselin, Iliyan Kostov, Silvia Kirova, and Gergana Nikolova Balieva. "CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON CRIMINALIZATION OF ANIMAL CRUELTY." Knowledge International Journal 32, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3201201k.
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With the development of modern societies, public perceptions of animals are changing. The existence of animals begins to be seen not only as an element of property, but also gaining self-worth, and it requires an understanding of the ability of animals to feel pain, stress and suffering. Cruelty to animals has a wide public outreach and requires special attention by state competent authorities and judicial authorities to control, detect and sanction different acts of animal cruelty. Such acts should be treated as socially dangerous actions and the perpetrators should be prosecuted as there is a scientifically proven connection between cruel treatment of animals and lasting irreversible consequences on the human mentality with subsequent criminal acts. According to the national legislation of the different countries, acts of cruelty are being criminalized concerning different categories of animals or only some of them - pets, productive animals, experimental animals. Typically, specimens of wildlife as well as invertebrates are not the subject of criminalization for cases of cruelty, but of other types of crime such as illegal trade.In Bulgaria, until 2011 the specific animal welfare legislation did not give sufficient provisions for prevention of violence against animals. This led to the need to adopt amendments to the Penal Code with texts criminalizing the cruelty to animals in the country.The present study analyzes the adopted texts in the Penal Code as well as the specific veterinary legislation in order to clarify the responsibilities of the competent authorities and the sanctions imposed in case of animal cruelty acts. In Bulgaria, any manifestation of cruelty to a vertebrate animal that has led to the death, severe or permanent disability has been raised by the legislator as a separate offense with criminal liability against the perpetrator. Actions other than those defined as a commitment of an offense against animals under the new provisions of the Penal Code, shall be regarded as violations under the Act on Veterinary Activities and the Animal Protection Act and shall be subject to administrative sanctions. For a clearer definition of the nature of the action itself, a definition of the term "cruelty" is provided within the Animal Protection Act.The administrative punishment body should assess any case of cruelty against a vertebrate animal and report whether it is a criminal offense within the meaning of Art. 325b of the Penal Code, in order to avoid violation of the non bis in idem principle.
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Juliadilla, Risa, and Nia Anggri Noveni. "ARE CHILDHOOD CRUELTY TO ANIMALS INDICATES AS MENTAL DISORDER?" Psychosophia: Journal of Psychology, Religion, and Humanity 3, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/psc.v3i1.1748.
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Animal Cruelty regularly happened during childhood that indicates beyond cruelty to humans. Cruelty to animals distinguishes some steps: curiosity, exploration, imitates or even the aggressive act refers to animal cruelty. The ignorance toward these aggressive acts led to Conduct Disorder or even Antisocial Personality Disorder. Animal Cruelty reached an agreement as to the unethical act with intentional tortures, unintentionally suffering causes death. Cruelty is done on purpose and with intentional time. This research aims as a reference for animal cruelty in childhood by proposing some research summary in (1) Animal Cruelty framework, (2) Animal Cruelty relation among child abuse and domestic violence; (3) Developmental Psychology reference: Children aggressive acts toward animal; (4) animal cruelty and psychology disorder and (5) clinical pathway childhood cruelty to animals. The research conducts a literature review by describing a theory, discussion, and results from textbooks, articles, and journals. The researcher analyzed, compared the results taken from some literature, identifies the pros and cons, and proposing findings and discussions. In conclusion, animal cruelty defines as a crucial marker for mental health that relates to Conduct Disorder to Antisocial Personality Disorder. The role of adults is vital in minimizing children's acts for committing animal cruelty by nurturing empathy. Adults with its role particularly required during the early stages of a child's development when adults' affirmation related to behavioral aspects of morality is necessary for children. Furthermore, character education for children consider as broad topics that not only about the animals, but the most important thing is for animals when children would learn justice, and ethics to treat animals generously.
Keywords: Animal Cruelty, Childhood, Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Tanner, Julia. "Clarifying the Concept of Cruelty: What Makes Cruelty to Animals Cruel." Heythrop Journal 56, no. 5 (December 24, 2013): 818–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/heyj.12122.
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Volkova, I. V. "Attitudes to Animals and Bullying among Teenagers." Social Psychology and Society 12, no. 2 (2021): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2021120211.
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Objective of the study is to test the hypothesis about the connection between bullying and animal violence. Background. Several studies explore the link between aggressive behaviors in children and cruelty to animals. One the most typical aggression behavior for the Russian adolescents is bullying. The article seeks to understand if a cruelty to animals a significant predictor of bullying roles (victim, bully, witness). Study design. The study was conducted using a socio-psychological survey. Cruelty to animals was assessed with Cruelty to Animals Inventory, attitudes to animals were measured with Pet Attitudes Scale. Prevalence of bullying was estimated with Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Participants. The study included two samples. The first sample included 69 respondents (average age 13,7 years; 55% of males). The second — 96 respondents (average age 14,01 years; 74% of males). Methods. For data processing, mean comparisons (t-test, Wilcoxon test), chi-square test and regression analysis were applied in R 3.5.0 environment. Results. 44—53% of adolescents were cruel to animals at least once. 42% of adolescents were found to be victims of bullying, 20% — were bullies and 88% were witnesses. Girls were found to be bullies more frequently than boys. Cruelty to animals was a significant predictor only for the victim role, but not for bully or the witness role. Conclusions. Cruelty to animals can be an indicator of bullying in adolescence.
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Rowan, Andrew N. "Cruelty to Animals." Anthrozoös 6, no. 4 (December 1993): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279393787002169.
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Tallichet, Suzanne E., and Christopher Hensley. "Rural and Urban Differences in the Commission of Animal Cruelty." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 49, no. 6 (December 2005): 711–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x04274186.
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Despite the recent surge in society's interest in human violence, relatively few studies have been conducted examining the closely related phenomenon of animal cruelty. Although several researchers have begun to identify some of the correlates of animal cruelty, few have attempted to understand how differences in the backgrounds of rural and urban residents have led to their abuse of animals. Using survey data from261 inmates, the authors investigate how demographic, familial differences and species type have contributed to the frequency of acts of animal cruelty. In general, early exposure to animal abuse is a strong predictor of the subsequent behavior. However, rural inmates learned to be cruel by watching family members exclusively, whereas urban inmates learned from family members and friends. Moreover, urban inmates chose dogs, cats, and wild animals as their target animals; however, rural inmates chose only cats.
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McAllister Groves, Julian. "Are Smelly Animals Happy Animals? Competing Definitions of Laboratory Animal Cruelty and Public Policy." Society & Animals 2, no. 2 (1994): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853094x00144.
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AbstractRegulations surrounding laboratory animal care have tried to address aspects of an image of laboratory animal cruelty publicized by animal rights activists. This image of cruelty, however, is not consistent with the experiences of those charged with the day-to-day care of laboratory animals. This article examines the incongruities between the public image of cruelty to animals in laboratories as promoted by animal rights activists, and the experiences of laboratory animal care staff who apply and enforce laboratory animal care regulations. In doing so, the article illuminates why regulations surrounding laboratory animal care are difficult to comply with on the part of the policy enforcers, and are continuously contested by both animal rights activists and animal research personnel.
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Henry, Bill. "The Relationship between Animal Cruelty, Delinquency, and Attitudes toward the Treatment of Animals." Society & Animals 12, no. 3 (2004): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568530042880677.
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AbstractPrevious research has identified a relationship between acts of cruelty to animals other than humans and involvement in other forms of antisocial behavior. The current study sought to extend these findings by examining this relationship among a sample of college students using a self-report delinquency methodology. In addition, the current study explored the relationship between a history of observing or engaging in acts of animal cruelty and attitudes of sensitivity/concern regarding the treatment of nonhuman animals. College students (n = 169) enrolled in an Introduction to Psychology course comprised the sample. Results indicated that those participants who observed acts of animal cruelty and those who participated in acts of animal cruelty had higher scores on a self-report delinquency scale than did those who had never observed or participated in acts of animal cruelty. Observation of acts of animal cruelty interacted with sex to predict attitudes toward the treatment of animals. Observation of animal cruelty and par ticipation in animal cruelty affected delinquency scores independently. The current study discusses implications and directions for future research.
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Yatsenko, I. V., and O. I. Parilovskyi. "Recent advances in forensic veterinary examination of animals affected by violent attitude." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 97 (May 7, 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9716.
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The article is formulated and systematized with some issues of cruel atitude to animals in the aspect of forensic veterinary examination. It is proved that the main directions of improving the forensic veterinary examination of live animals affected by cruelty or corpses of animals with signs of violent death from cruelty are the development, approval and implementation of regulatory legal acts on forensic veterinary determination of the severity of bodily harm, judicial veterinary examination of live animals, forensic veterinary examination of a corpse of an animal, automation and optimization of the process of registration of results examination, and the use of advanced Information Technologies in forensic veterinary examination. The proposed authors' edition of the definition of “animal cruelty” for the criminal qualification of this offense. The novelty of defenition is what we proposed to consider as a consequence of animal cruelty not only the injury or death of the animal, but also severe damage or other disruption to its health. The content and justified consequences of cruelty to animals that are the subject of a forensic veterinary examination are disclosed. The consequences of cruelty to animals include not only the injury or death of the animal, but also severe injuries or other health problems. It was given a list of injuries (injuries) that are severe and life-threatening to the animal at the time of infliction and threaten the death of the animal; threat of loss, or the loss of any organ or the loss by an organ of its functions. We proposed to indicative list of issues that can be put to the decision of a forensic expert by a court or investigator during a study of a live animal that has been injured from abuse or a corpse of an animal with signs of violent death should be added as an addition to the “Scientific and methodological recommendations on the preparation and appointment of forensic examinations and expert studies ”for their practical use by law enforcement agencies. The qualification of an animal cruelty violation must be taken into account the opinion of the forensic veterinarian on the nature and severity of bodily harm, as well as the causal link between the injuries identified by the expert and the health condition or death of the animal. The criterion for differentiating an administrative and a criminal offense from cruelty to animals is solely the presence or absence of bodily harm, which is ascertained exclusively by a forensic veterinarian.
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Grugan, Shannon T. "Capturing Cruelty." Society & Animals 27, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341530.
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AbstractThe news media has long been identified as one of the primary sources for factual crime information for the general public, but not much is known about media coverage of cruelty against nonhuman animals, specifically. This study is a content analysis of media-presented themes in 240 print news articles that reported incidents of cruelty against companion animals in the United States in 2013. Seven thematic presentations of cruelty are identified and include: neutrality, condemnation, sympathy for the animal, drama, advocacy, humor, and sympathy for the offender. These themes are not mutually exclusive, with many articles including aspects of more than one theme. Themes are discussed in detail in regard to expanding the understanding of how specific forms of crime are presented by the news media based in news-making criminology.
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Helios, Joanna, and Wioletta Jedlecka. "Okrucieństwo wobec zwierząt z punktu widzenia psychologii i filozofii — zarys problemu." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 108 (June 26, 2017): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.108.3.
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CRUELTY TO ANIMALS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY — AN OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEMThe issue of animal rights is one of the most important problems facing society today. Topicality and relevance of topics covered in relation to the protection of animals are not in doubt, which still remind lively discussions on the rights of animals. In our opinion, the discourse about animals and their rights plays essential role in the issue of animal cruelty. This article focuses on the psychological and philosophical aspects of animal cruelty.
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Wenz, Peter S. "Against Cruelty to Animals." Social Theory and Practice 33, no. 1 (2007): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract200733138.
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Wahyuni, Sri, and Sudarmin Harun. "The Depiction of Slavery through Animal Treatment in Sewell’s Black Beauty in Relation to Living with Environment." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 1, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v1i3.5131.
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The purposes of this research were (1) to elaborate the kind of slavery depiction through animal treatment in Sewell’s Black Beauty and (2) to exposure how the human treatment to horses in the novel is considered as a form of slavery in England Victorian age. The data were obtained from Sewell’s Black Beauty through a descriptive qualitative method by applying Sociological Approach. The study concluded that human treatment to horses is considered slavery for violating laws on animal protection. Horses are created to work but also there are rules in using them. There were four animal Anti-Cruelty laws in 1867 existed in the novel. Those laws are penalty for overdriving cruelly treating animal, for impounding animals without giving sufficient food and water, penalty for carrying animals in a cruel manner and penalty for abandoning infirm animals in public place. This study also suggest human being that there is no rights of one creature to judge another creatures.
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Pasieka, Paweł. "Kształcenie postaw wobec zwierząt w XIX-wiecznej literaturze dla dzieci i młodzieży." Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny 65, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32346/2657-6007.kp.2020-1.3.
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Despite the continued tendency of 19th century literature to use traditional fables with animal characters to reveal human virtues and vices, there rapidly grew up a movement of literature for young people whose only aim was to cultivate moral attitudes towards animals. By means of various literary genres, the younger generation was educated to achieve a sensitivity towards the pain and suffering of animals. Learning about the consequences of cruelty, young readers were taught to avoid maltreating animals. Literature prompted compassion in the young readers. Not only were particular examples condemned – of cruelty, beating, abuse – but the moral consequences of these violations were demonstrated. Following Immanuel Kant, it was assumed that harming animals weakens our moral sensitivity, which leads to a person becoming cruel not only towards animals but towards people as well.
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Tallichet, Suzanne, Christopher Hensley, and Stephen Singer. "Unraveling the Methods of Childhood and Adolescent Cruelty to Nonhuman Animals." Society & Animals 13, no. 2 (2005): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568530054300172.
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AbstractStudies investigating the specific methods for committing nonhuman animal cruelty have only begun to expose the complexities of this particular form of violence. This study used a sample of 261 male inmates surveyed at both medium- and maximum-security prisons. The study examined the influence of demographic attributes (race, education, and residence while growing up). It also examined situational factors (was the abuse committed alone, did abuser try to conceal the act, was abuser upset by the abuse, what was the perpetrator's age at initial animal cruelty, how frequent was the animal abuse?) and specific methods of animal cruelty (shooting, drowning, hitting or kicking, choking, burning, sex). Regression analyses revealed that white inmates tended to shoot animals more frequently than did non-whites and were less likely to be upset or cover up their actions. Respondents who had sex with animals were more likely to have acted alone and to conceal their cruelty toward animals. However, we failed to find support for a potential link between childhood and adolescent animal cruelty methods and later violence against humans.
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Ascione, Frank R., Teresa M. Thompson, and Tracy Black. "Childhood Cruelty to Animals: Assessing Cruelty Dimensions and Motivations." Anthrozoös 10, no. 4 (December 2, 1997): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279397787001076.
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Priest, Claire. "Enforcing Sympathy: Animal Cruelty Doctrine after the Civil War." Law & Social Inquiry 44, no. 1 (February 2019): 136–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2018.11.
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After the United States Civil War, many states enacted laws expanding protections for animals against cruelty. This article examines the case law relating to animal cruelty in the nineteenth century, and traces how judges interpreted the animal cruelty statutes enacted after the Civil War. It provides a lens on a transformative moment when legislatures and courts recognized the suffering of animals as a distinct harm and criminalized the infliction of pain. A powerful apparatus of policing emerged to enforce this modern sensibility of sympathy. As observed in judicial decisions, the statutes repudiated earlier intent requirements, reached animal owners and conduct on private property, and in several states expanded police powers to allow warrantless arrests to protect suffering animals. The question of whether animals needlessly suffered took precedence over the earlier focus on suppressing public nuisances and common law doctrines of privacy. The animal cruelty movement provides an essential window into humanitarianism of the late nineteenth century.
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Hrytenko, Oksana, Vitaliy Prymachenko, Volodymyr Shablystyi, and Ihor Karikh. "Criminal liability for cruelty to animals under the legislation of Ukraine: features of theory and practice." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 42 (July 30, 2021): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.42.06.25.
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The study aimed to determine the characteristics of criminal liability for cruelty to animals. The object of the study is social relations arising in the field of morality protection. We used the following general scientific methods: dialectical, historical, descriptive, methods of scientific analysis and generalization. In addition to general scientific methods, we also used special methods: comparative legal and statistical. Having performed a retrospective analysis of criminal liability for cruelty to animals, we identified four historical stages in the formation and development of criminal legal standards for cruelty to animals. Having investigated the reasons for the social conditioning of criminalization for cruelty to animals, the authors identified a range of problems in the field of humane treatment of animals that require immediate solutions: the use of animals in scientific experiments, the manufacture of clothing from leather and animal fur, the activities of dog hunters and the use of animals in circuses. Factors affecting the cruelty of a person have been also identified. The delimitation of corpus delicti from an administrative offense is carried out according to several main criteria: the degree of public danger and consequences. International experience in the context of criminal liability for cruelty to animals is diverse.
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Thompson, Kelly, and Eleonora Gullone. "An Investigation into the Association between the Witnessing of Animal Abuse and Adolescents' Behavior toward Animals." Society & Animals 14, no. 3 (2006): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853006778149163.
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AbstractResearch (Baldry, 2003; Flynn, 1999, 2000a; Henry, 2004) has linked witnessing abuse to nonhuman animals with the committal of such acts. This study reports frequency data based on adolescents' self-reported witnessing of animal abuse and involvement in animal-directed behaviors. The study investigates associations between witnessing abuse and engaging in both positive and negative animal-directed behaviors. 281 adolescents, 12-18 years of age, completed measures of animal cruelty and the humane treatment of animals. As predicted, the study found a history of witnessing animal abuse associated with significantly higher levels of animal cruelty. The study reported significantly higher levels of cruelty for those who had witnessed a friend, relative, parent, or sibling abuse an animal and significantly lower levels for those who had witnessed a stranger abuse an animal. Participants who "Frequently" witnessed animal abuse reported significantly higher levels of cruelty than those who viewed abuse "A few times". There was no association found between humane treatment of animals and the witnessing of animal abuse. Positive influences, peer mentors and humane education, would help to combat this cycle of abuse.
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Santopoalo, Tina. "Stop Condoning Cruelty to Animals." American Biology Teacher 47, no. 8 (November 1, 1985): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4448145.
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Shala, Nita, Avni Puka, and Gianluigi Pratola. "Criminalization of Animal Cruelty in Context: An Albanian Perspective." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 71, no. 6 (February 1, 2022): 921–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.71.6.05.
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The Albanian legislature has been slow to comprehensively regulate and suitably penalize cruelty towards animals. During the second decade of building a democratic legal system, adopted legislation mandated administrative penalties for only a small number of acts of commission or omission that constituted cruelty to animals. A petition from 37,527 electors obliged the Committee of Laws at the Albanian Parliament to deliberate on the criminalization of animal cruelty for the first time in November of 2017. Two years later, on 18 July 2019, the Albanian Criminal Code was amended with six provisions criminalizing animal cruelty. How has context and other factors shaped the law in Albania with regards to animal cruelty? Authors aim to respond to this question through a functional method with a problem-solving contextual approach, engaging in an in-depth legal evaluation of the Albanian legislation and comparative analysis on the topic. This work draws on deliberations from eight meetings of the Committee of Laws and consultation with nineteen Members of the Parliament, civil servants in responsible institutions, and representatives from civil society, to clarify how society’s effort shaped the criminalization of cruelty towards animals in Albania. The discussion proceeds with a comparative legal analysis between proposed legislation and adopted changes in the Criminal Code with legislation in certain EU Member States and EU acquis. Concerns linger about whether criminalizing a behavior such as animal cruelty is the appropriate way to reduce the occurrence of this offence.
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Flynn, Clifton. "Acknowledging the "Zoological Connection": A Sociological Analysis of Animal Cruelty." Society & Animals 9, no. 1 (2001): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853001300109008.
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AbstractSociologists have largely ignored the role of animals in society. This article argues that human-animal interaction is a topic worthy of sociological consideration and applies a sociological analysis to one problematic aspect of human-animal relationships - animal cruelty. The article reformulates animal cruelty, traditionally viewed using a psychopathological model, from a sociological perspective.The article identifies social and cultural factors related to the occurrence of animal cruelty. Ultimately, animal cruelty is a serious social problem that deserves attention in its own right, not just because of its association with human violence.
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Dadds, Mark R., Clare Whiting, Paul Bunn, Jennifer A. Fraser, Juliana H. Charlson, and Andrew Pirola-Merlo. "Measurement of Cruelty in Children: The Cruelty to Animals Inventory." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 32, no. 3 (June 2004): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jacp.0000026145.69556.d9.
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Komorosky, Dawna, Dianne Rush Woods, and Kristine Empie. "Considering Companion Animals." Society & Animals 23, no. 3 (July 14, 2015): 298–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341367.
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A growing body of literature has shown the link between domestic violence and animal cruelty, resulting in a shift in the way family violence and those who are victims of abuse are considered. There are approximately 700 shelters across the nation protecting women and their children from domestic abuse, but not companion animals. National trends indicate that most domestic violence shelters do not accommodate companion animals on site. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to examine companion animal policies in California domestic violence shelters. Results indicated that shelter administrators are aware of the link between domestic violence and animal cruelty; however, they lack the resources to fully support clients with companion animals. Current best practices and recommendations highlight methods that can be used to develop broader community support for victims of domestic violence and their companion animals.
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Roy, Parama. "On Verminous Life." Representations 148, no. 1 (2019): 86–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2019.148.1.86.
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By the nineteenth century, models of just and civilized sociability in the Anglophone world came to encompass forms of obligation to the nonhuman, and the colony assumed the status of a crucial theater for thinking about forms of cruelty, sympathy, and protection. On the terrain of the Indian colony, this new moral economy of care and inclusion encountered an existing Indic economy of vegetarianism and nonkilling of animals, which it sought to cast, not as kindness to animals, but as a form of cruelty to them—of vegetarian cruelty if you will. Using John Lockwood Kipling’s Beast and Man in India (1891) as its text, the essay examines the encounter of these two contrasting economies of animal protection and animal cruelty, especially Kipling’s understanding of carnivory as the basis not only for human sociability but also of kindness to the nonhuman.
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Vahid qızı Nuri, Fidan. "Historical and legal basis of animal rights." ANCIENT LAND 03, no. 03 (May 29, 2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2706-6185/03/12-14.
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As we know, animals take care of each other without any legal obligation and, if necessary, even protect others at the cost of their own lives. The concept of "law" was conceived by us humans, and it does not apply to any living thing other than man. So why are we talking about animal rights? The answer is simple: animal rights are the rights that govern the boundaries of human-animal relations. If we cannot determine the extent of human-animal relations, then we cannot hold some people accountable for cruelty to animals. Humans must be held accountable for their cruelty to animals. That's where animal rights come from. Key words: right, animal rights, welfare of animals, protection of animal rights
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Campbell, Andrew M. "The Intertwined Well-Being of Children and Non-Human Animals: An Analysis of Animal Control Reports Involving Children." Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11020046.
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The well-being of children and non-human animals (subsequently referred to as animals) is often intertwined. Communities are unlikely to be able to best protect humans from abuse and harm unless they are working to ensure the safety of animals who reside there as well. This study is the first to utilize U.S. animal control report data and narratives to explore how children are involved in cases of animal cruelty. Children engage in abusive acts toward animals, alone, or along with peers and/or adults. Children were found to inflict abuse most often with their hands or feet as opposed to with a weapon or other object. A total of 85% of animal cruelty perpetrated by children was toward a dog or cat. Key differences between how children are involved in acts of cruelty to companion animals compared with acts involving wild animals are described and warrant further study. The cases of animal abuse or neglect reported by children were among the most severe in the study, and often involved an adult perpetrator known to the child. Neighbors rarely report child abuse or intimate partner violence in the United States, but 89% of the animal cruelty cases involving children in this study were reported by a neighbor or passerby. Although children involved in reports as a perpetrator or reporter were most often in early adolescence, children involved in cross-reports between child welfare and animal control were often under the age of 5. Improved cross-reporting and stronger partnerships between human and animal welfare agencies may provide opportunity for earlier intervention and is likely to better many human and animal lives.
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Vollum, Scott, Dennis Longmire, and Jacqueline Buffington-Vollum. "Moral Disengagement and Attitudes about Violence toward Animals." Society & Animals 12, no. 3 (2004): 209–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568530042880668.
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AbstractDespite a growing body of evidence linking nonhuman animal cruelty to violence toward humans and increasing knowledge of the pain and suffering that animals experience at the hands of humans, research on violence toward animals is relatively sparse. This study examines public attitudes about violence against animals and the criminal justice response to such acts. The study included, as part of a statewide survey, questions of Texas residents gauging the perceived severity of numerous violent acts against nonhuman animals as well as the preferred criminal justice response. The paper presents descriptive analyses and employs OLS Regression to assess the relationship between Bandura's (1990, 1999) mechanisms of moral disengagement and violence toward animals. The paper discusses implications for future research on animal cruelty and animal abuse.
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Whitfort, Amanda, Fiona Woodhouse, Shuping Ho, and Marsha Chun. "A Retrospective Analysis of Typologies of Animal Abuse Recorded by the SPCA, Hong Kong." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061830.
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We conducted a retrospective study of 254 suspected cruelty offences recorded by the Hong Kong Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) between January 2013 and December 2019. Cases were categorised into four types of abuse: active maltreatment, passive neglect, commercial exploitation and hoarding. Attributes of defendants, relationship with the owner of the animal (where the owner was not the defendant) and the circumstances of the abuse (species of animal, number of animals involved, type of harm, need for medical care, number of animals seized) were recorded for each case. The majority of prosecuted cases involved traumatic physical injury to dogs, with 30% causing the death of animals. The second most common type of harm prosecuted was neglect, with 27% of cases causing death. The majority of neglect cases involved dogs abandoned inside private premises without food/water. The median number of animals hoarded was 47, with dogs the most common species. The majority of hoarders had collected their animals from strays. The largest hoarding cases (>100 animals) were operating as animal rescue shelters. Strategies to address cruelty to animals in Hong Kong can be informed by an understanding of which species are at greater risk of harm and in what circumstances this harm might occur.
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Davies, Ben. "Utilitarianism and Animal Cruelty: Further Doubts." De Ethica 3, no. 3 (February 2, 2017): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/de-ethica.2001-8819.16335.
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Utilitarianism has an apparent pedigree when it comes to animal welfare. It supports the view that animal welfare matters just as much as human welfare. And many utilitarians support and oppose various practices in line with more mainstream concern over animal welfare, such as that we should not kill animals for food or other uses, and that we ought not to torture animals for fun. This relationship has come under tension from many directions. The aim of this article is to add further considerations in support of that tension. I suggest three ways in which utilitarianism comes significantly apart from mainstream concerns with animal welfare. First, utilitarianism opposes animal cruelty only when it offers an inefficient ratio of pleasure to pain; while this may be true of eating animal products, it is not obviously true of other abuses. Second, utilitarianism faces a familiar problem of the inefficacy of individual decisions; I consider a common response to this worry, and offer further concerns. Finally, the common utilitarian argument against animal cruelty ignores various pleasures that humans may get from the superior status that a structure supporting exploitation confers.
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Kruesi, Markus J. P. "Cruelty to animals and CSF 5HIAA." Psychiatry Research 28, no. 1 (April 1989): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90203-5.
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Kordzek, Andrea. "An Exploratory Study of Animal Cruelty Prosecution in New York." Society & Animals 22, no. 6 (November 20, 2014): 602–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341354.
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In the past several years, there have been significant changes in law pertaining to cruelty toward non-human animals. While prosecutors have more options available to them today than in the past, research has failed to examine prosecutors’ actions in cases involving animal cruelty. This research relies primarily on interviews with prosecuting attorneys to understand these types of cases. It explores prosecutors’ thoughts on and experiences with animal cruelty cases and provides information on the handling of these cases by the criminal justice system.
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Vrečko, Ines. "Criminological aspects of animal abuse." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.27.1.4.
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Taking into consideration the complexity of animal cruelty, problems with its varying definitions which depend on legal frameworks, social norms, cultural and public perceptions and many possible approaches to the issue of animal cruelty, this paper will focus only on active cruelty (acts of commission), i.e. the intention to harm an animal and cause pain and suffering. It will study the phenomenon as a multi-indicator for violence. Regardless of whether animal abuse is treated as a criminal offence or a misdemeanor or if it is absent from the legal framework altogether, it represents a complex phenomenon present in both children and adults. This abuse affects families and a wide range of social institutions, not only harming animals but also indicating various inter-personal types of violence and individual behavioral disorders. This paper explores intersectional and interdisciplinary research on animal abuse, its connection to subsequent adult or concurrent domestic violence and child abuse, contributing factors such as defense mechanisms and the roles of empathy and remorse. Understanding animal cruelty as a part of human violence and as a sign of serious concern for the welfare of both animals and humans is a first step towards building sustainable social policies.
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Coulter, Kendra, and Brittany Campbell. "Public Investment in Animal Protection Work: Data from Manitoba, Canada." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030516.
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There is a dearth of research on animal cruelty investigations policy and work, despite its importance for protecting animals from illegal forms of cruelty. This study provides baseline data about the approach used in Manitoba, one of the only Canadian provinces where animal protection is publicly funded. By integrating statistical and qualitative data collected through interviews with key informants, this paper elucidates how animal cruelty investigations are organized and undertaken in the province. Although animal protection in Manitoba is publicly funded, the workforce responsible for undertaking investigations is a cross-section of public and private actors with different occupational classifications and working conditions.
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Boat, Barbara W. "Commentary on Childhood Cruelty to Animals: Assessing Cruelty Dimensions and Motivations.1." Anthrozoös 10, no. 4 (December 2, 1997): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279397787000941.
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Odendaal, J. S. J. "Commentary on Childhood Cruelty to Animals: Assessing Cruelty Dimensions and Motivations. 2." Anthrozoös 10, no. 4 (December 2, 1997): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279397787001058.
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Christianti, Johana Ake. "PENGGUNAAN PRINSIP INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY DALAM PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN HEWAN DI TEMPAT WISATA DARI KEKEJAMAN." BELLI AC PACIS 7, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/belli.v7i1.59986.
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<div>Good animal welfare occurs when the health, nutrition, behavior, environmental and psychological needs of animals are met. However, the captivity of wild animals by tourist attractions is often not able to meet the needs of these animals. In addition, the exhibition and training of wildlife by tourist sites is carried out through a process that results in unnecessary suffering. This legal research aims to analyze the legal protection of animal welfare from cruelty in tourist attractions based on the principle of Intergenerational Equity and to analyze the application of these principles in tourist attractions to the national laws of several countries (Indonesia and United Kingdom) in protecting animal welfare from cruelty. The results of this legal research show that: First, protection under existing international agreements has not been able to protect animal welfare from cruelty to the maximum, while the pure use of the principle of Intergenerational Equity cannot be the only source of international law to protect</div><div>animal welfare, especially in places travel. Second, Indonesian national law applies this principle more to animal welfare laws than national law of the United Kingdom does.</div>
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Afra S. Alshiban, Afra S. Alshiban. "Animal Cruelty and Intimate Partner Homicide in Edgar Allan Poe's "The Black Cat"." journal of king abdulaziz university arts and humanities 27, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.27-2.7.
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The relation between animal maltreatment and interpersonal violence has long been of interest to developmental psychologists, psychiatrists, law enforcement officials, criminologists, and others from related disciplines who concluded that the motivation behind these atrocities is a deep-seated need for power and control that stems from inadequacy. The culprit begins by practising on animals, before graduating to humans, mainly women. In 1843, Edgar Allan Poe saw the potential significance of cruelty to animals as a precursor to future violence against humans and brought it to life through his short story "The Black Cat." The narrator begins his reign of terror by practising on cats (women stand-ins) until he summons enough courage to murder the real source of his misery—his spouse. The story is artistically coherent if understood in terms of cruelty to animals as an unfavourable prognostic sign characteristic of those who will kill. Until now, animal cruelty in Poe’s tale received relatively little attention from literary critics. To date, no inquiry has put forward a theory regarding the abuse of animals and its relation to homicide. Hence, this study proposes to look into this disturbing phenomenon and to complement the Poe scholarship.
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Китаева, Валентина. "Некоторые аспекты противодействия жестокому обращению с животными." Всероссийский криминологический журнал 10, no. 3 (2016): 568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2016.10(3).568-578.
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Ristivojevic, Branislav, and Tatjana Bugarski. "Can experiments on animals constitute a criminal offence of cruelty to animals?" Archives of Biological Sciences 66, no. 4 (2014): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1404339r.
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The criminal offence ?killing and torturing animals? under Article 269 of the Criminal Code says that it can be committed only ?contrary to regulations?. The regulations governing the treatment of experimental animals are the Animal Welfare Law from 2009 and the Law on the Ratification of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes amended by the Protocol of amendment to the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes from 2010. The first one imposes numerous obligations and introduces numerous prohibitions in the treatment of experimental animals, which at first sight make the possibilities of committing this criminal offence greater. The other law does not contain most of the prohibitions and restrictions that are included in the Animal Welfare Law. Thanks to a legal rule which says that a later law regulating the same subject replaces the former one (lex posterior derogate legi priori) and the aforementioned unconstitutionality of many provisions of the Animal Welfare Law, researchers and teachers in Serbia are not in particular danger of criminal prosecution.
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Palais, Julie M. "Using the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to Study Animal Cruelty: Preliminary Results (2016–2019)." Social Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10100378.
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On 1 January 2016, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began collecting data on crimes involving animal cruelty from law enforcement agencies that participate in the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) in the United States (U.S.). Prior to 2016, such crimes either went unreported or were lumped into an “all other offenses” category, making it difficult to understand who was committing these crimes and whether there were any connections between crimes perpetrated against animals and crimes in which there was a human victim. Animal cruelty has cruelty has been linked to certain types of human violence and, therefore, it is important for authorities to know more about the people committing these crimes. Preliminary results from an analysis of the first four years (2016–2019) of data are presented. The age and gender of animal cruelty offenders, the time of day when most crimes occur, and the most common locations where offenses take place are presented. The type of animal cruelty involved and details of the other crimes that co-occur with animal cruelty are discussed. The limitations of the data are shared and recommendations are made about other types of data that could be collected in the future to add value to the data.
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Pereira, Thiago Rodrigues. "A EMENDA À CONSTITUIÇÃO Nº 96/2017 E O SENTIDO DA PALAVRA CRUELDADE/THE 96th BRAZILIAN CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT AND THE MEANING OF THE WORD CRUEL." Revista Diorito 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 06. http://dx.doi.org/10.26702/rd.v1i1.20.
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RESUMOA presente pesquisa visa analisar a constitucionalidade da EC nº96/2017 que autoriza a prática de atos cruéis com animais desde que esteja inserido em uma prática cultural. A referida emenda determina que, esse caráter cultural, teria por si só a possibilidade de mudar a ideia de cruel, que já se encontra dentro do próprio texto constitucional e, que a princípio, viola lições básicas de hermenêutica. Palavras-chave: Emenda constitucional. Crueldade. Animais. ABSTRACT This article investigates the unconstitutionality of the 96th Brazilian constitutional amendment. This amendment allowed cruel human acts against animals if these acts were cultural acts. So, this cultural feature can change the meaning of the word cruel, after the 96th amendment, even there is diverse sense within the constitution. At first, these constitutional amendments are violating basic lessons of hermeneutics and the constitution itself. Keywords: Constitutional amendment. Cruelty. Animals.
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Alexsandra Аndreevna, Panasiuk. "The law about animal's protection from cruelty: historical and modern issues." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-59.
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The article deals with the protection of animals from ill-treatment, generalizes the scientific approaches of the historical and legal aspect of the formation and development of responsibility, conducts a comparative analysis of the present with the historical past. The legal regulation of criminal liability for animal cruelty is characterized. The sanctions and the list of legislation governing this issue are outlined. Solve issues in the area oj the institution of responsibility for animal cruelty is extremely important. In today`s world, animals are considered not only as property of a person, but also as family members. People call for human treatment of animals, both domestic and wild. In addition, humane treatment is usually understood as actions of a person not related to self-defense, causing pain, torment, suffering to the animal. Violence can also be inaction, such as leaving in danger or violating the conditions of keeping animals, leaving without care, and so on. The history of development and regulation of relevant issues deserves special attention. At the level of international law, the issue of liability for animal cruelty has been regulated since the 1960s. The European Community has adopted five main conventions: the European Convention for the Protection of Animals in International Transport (1968), the European Convention for the Protection of Animals kept on Farms (1976), the European Convention for the Protection of Animals intended for Slaughter ), the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (1986), the European Convention for the Protection of Pets (1987). Key words: The provisions of international legal acts have become the basis for the settlement of relevant issues in Ukraine as well.
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Luke, Carter, and Arnold Arluke. "Physical Cruelty Toward Animals in Massachusetts, 1975-1996." Society & Animals 5, no. 3 (1997): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853097x00123.
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AbstractThis article describes the nature of animal abuse and the response of the criminal justice system to all cruelty cases prosecuted by the Massachusetts Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals between 1975 and 1996. Dogs were the most common target; when combined with cats, these domestic animals composed the vast majority of incidents. Almost all of these animals were owned, and females were the majority of complainants. Suspects were almost always young males, and most of the time they allegedly shot, beat, stabbed, or threw their victims. Reportedly, adults were more likely than minors to abuse dogs, shoot them, and commit such acts alone rather than in a group, while minors were more likely to abuse cats, beat them, and commit such acts with peers present. Less than half of the alleged abusers were found guilty in court, one-third were fined, less than one-quarter had to pay restitution, one-fifth were put on probation, one-tenth were sent to jail, and an even smaller percent were required to undergo counseling or perform community service.
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Ayupova, Gul'naz Shamilovna. "On the issue of interpreting particular constituent elements of cruelty to animals." Полицейская и следственная деятельность, no. 4 (April 2021): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7810.2021.4.34787.
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The research object is social relations in the field of criminal-legal regulation of components of crime establishing liability for cruelty to animals (art. 245 of the Criminal Code of Russia). The research subject is Russia’s legislation establishing liability for cruelty to animals, materials of investigative and judicial practice, official statistics, and theoretical views of scholars on the problem of cruelty to animals. The research methodology is based on the general dialectical approach. The author also uses such methods as the logical method, formal-legal method, and teleological method. During the research, the author also uses general scientific and specific methods of scientific cognition. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that, based on a comprehensive system analysis of Russian legislation, it formulates theoretical provisions about the improvement and use of criminal regulations establishing responsibility for cruelty to animals. In particular, with account for the regulations of the Federal Law of December 27, 2018 No. 498 «On responsible attitude to animals and amending particular legal regulations of the Russian Federation», the author formulates the definition of the term «cruelty to animals» and proposals about particular issues of qualifying crimes considered in article 245 of the Criminal Code of Russia.
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Louise Petersen, Marie, and David P. Farrington. "Cruelty to Animals and Violence to People." Victims & Offenders 2, no. 1 (January 12, 2007): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564880600934187.
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Lockwood, Randall, and Arnold Arluke. "Guest Editors' Introduction: Understanding Cruelty to Animals." Society & Animals 5, no. 3 (1997): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853097x00105.
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Dadds, Mark R., Cynthia M. Turner, and John McAloon. "Developmental Links between Cruelty to Animals and Human Violence." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 35, no. 3 (December 2002): 363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.35.3.363.
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Reviews evidence for the significance of childhood cruelty to animals as a predictor of later violence toward humans. Moves are underway in the United States (US) and Britain to encourage communication and cross-fertilisation between animal welfare and child protection and crime prevention services. Literature on healthy versus deviant child-pet interactions is reviewed, with particular regard to the prediction of later violence. Assessment and definitional issues are addressed. The discussion culminates with a summary of substantive findings and the identification of several research designs that are needed to clarify the potential of early identification and remediation of child cruelty to animals as a mental health promotion and violence prevention strategy.
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Helios, Joanna. "Edukacja na rzecz zwierząt i ich praw. Uwagi w kontekście dyskursu o przemocy wobec zwierząt." Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna 5, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 280–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fped.2016.5.1.15.
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The purpose of this article is to present the issues of violence against animals. This text is educational in nature. Sometime in our society violence against animals is often marginalized. Humanitarianism and animal welfare are pushed into the background. It is therefore worth considering the causes of animal cruelty.