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Academic literature on the topic 'Crumb Rubber modified Bitumen (CRmB)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Crumb Rubber modified Bitumen (CRmB)"

Ibrahim, Mohd Rasdan, Herda Yati Katman, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Suhana Koting, and Nuha S. Mashaan. "A Review on the Effect of Crumb Rubber Addition to the Rheology of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/415246.

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Crumb rubber modification has been proven to enhance the properties of pure bitumen. This paper looks at some of the international standards for producing crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) and reviews the effect of crumb rubber to the rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen. The review shows that the rheology of CRMB depends on internal factors such as crumb rubber quantity, particle size, and pure bitumen composition, and external factors such as the mixing time, temperature, and also the modification technique. These factors govern the swelling process of crumb rubber particles that lead to the increase of viscosity of the modified bitumen. However, the mixing temperature and duration can cause rubber particles to depolymerize and subsequently cause loss of viscosity. Crumb rubber modification also improves the properties of bitumen by increasing the storage and loss modulus and enhancing the high and low temperature susceptibility. The effect of crumb rubber to aging properties of CRMB is also discussed. Finally several techniques of chemical modification to terminal blends of CRMB and the subsequent improvement to the settling property of CRMB are explained.

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Zhang, Huang, Jian Ying Yu, Zhi Long Cao, and Fei Liu. "Rheological Model and Viscoelasticity of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 1076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.1076.

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Rheological model for crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) by the rheological testing and model analyzer was investigated in this paper. The effects of crumb rubber content and temperature on rheological model and viscoelasticity of CRMB were conducted. The results illustrate that rheological model of bitumen is transformed from Dashpot into Burgers at 60°C after bitumen has been modified by crumb rubber. And the elasticity of CRMB is increased and the viscosity is decreased with crumb rubber content rising. For the modified bitumen with 20% crumb rubber (CRMB-20), its rheological model is Burgers among 20°C~80°C, but the model is translated into Maxwell at 100°C. As the temperature increases, both viscosity and elasticity of CRMB-20 are increased. Compared with 20°C, the instantaneous elastic and viscous deformation of CRMB-20 at 100°C are increased by 14.2 times and 80.5 times, respectively.

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Li, Yanan, Yuchao Lyu, Meng Xu, Liang Fan, and Yuzhen Zhang. "Determination of Construction Temperatures of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen Mixture Based on CRMB Mastic." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 3851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233851.

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Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) has been widely used in pavement construction and provides an effective way to recycle waste tires and helps alleviate the “black pollution” problem. There are no current specifications regarding the appropriate mixing and compaction temperatures of the CRMB mixture. There is a direct relationship between the mixing and the compaction temperatures of the CRMB mixture and the viscosity of the CRMB mastic. In this study, we first prepared CRMB using crumb rubber powder and penetration grade 70 neat bitumen, then prepared the CRMB mastic using CRMB and fillers (limestone mineral powder and cement). Finally, we used the CRMB mastic and aggregate to make mixture specimens. The best air void of the specimens was subsequently used to demarcate the viscosity of the CRMB mastic, and the construction temperatures (including the mixing temperature and the compaction temperature) were calculated based on the viscosity of the CRMB mastic from the viscosity–temperature curves. Test results indicated that the best viscosity of the CRMB mastic was 2.7 ± 0.2 Pa·s and 3.9 ± 0.3 Pa·s that corresponded to the mixing and compaction temperatures, respectively.

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Wang, Haopeng, Xueyan Liu, Panos Apostolidis, and Tom Scarpas. "Non-Newtonian Behaviors of Crumb Rubber-Modified Bituminous Binders." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101760.

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Crumb rubber-modified bitumen (CRMB) has been utilized in the asphalt paving industry for decades due to its various benefits. The complex interaction between bitumen and crumb rubber as well as the addition of warm-mix additives makes the typical laws of Newtonian fluids insufficient to describe the behaviors of highly modified bituminous binders. To systematically explore the non-Newtonian behaviors of CRMB, a dynamic shear rheometer was utilized to apply shear loading on the samples at various temperatures and shear rates. Results show that the viscosity of different binders are highly temperature- and shear rate-dependent, while highly modified binders exhibit more obvious shear-thinning behaviors at certain temperatures. With the help of zero shear viscosity and yield stress, the shear-thinning behaviors of non-Newtonian binders can be sufficiently characterized. The Arrhenius equation is invalid to describe viscosity-temperature characteristics of bitumen in the non-Newtonian region. A second-order polynomial function was proposed to characterize the viscosity-temperature dependence with a high correlation degree.

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Huang, Jiandong, and Yuantian Sun. "Effect of Modifiers on the Rutting, Moisture-Induced Damage, and Workability Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 7145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207145.

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The present study aims to examine the effect of modifiers (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene and crumb rubber) on the rutting, moisture-induced damage, and workability properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. In this study, three types—namely, control (CB), crumb rubber-modified (CRMB), and polymer-modified (PMB)—of mixtures/binders were evaluated. The rutting properties were evaluated using a wheel tracking device and the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) test. The moisture-induced damage properties were evaluated using the Indirect Tensile Strength (modified Lottman) and bitumen bond strength (BBS) tests. The workability properties were evaluated using densification indices (Bahia and locking point method) and a viscosity test. The results indicate that CRMB mixtures were less workable and exhibited a better resistance to rutting than the PMB and CB mixtures. Further, the PMB mixtures had increased resistance to moisture-induced damage, while the effect of the CRMB mixtures was negligible compared to the CB mixtures.

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Zhuang, Rong Hua, Jian Ying Yu, Heng Chang, Yan Zeng, and Xue Yong Lan. "Effect of Warm Mix Agent on Physical and Aging Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 1226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.1226.

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The effects of modified natural zeolite warm mix agent (MNZWMA) and organic viscosity reducing warm mix agent (OVRWMA) on the physical properties, short term thermal oxidation aging, long term thermal oxidation aging and UV aging properties of the crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) were investigated. The results showed that MNZWMA and OVRWMA could improve the high temperature stability and the low temperature crack resistance of CRMB, respectively. During the short term thermal oxidation aging, long term thermal oxidation aging and UV aging, OVRWMA increased softening point increment (SPI) and viscosity aging index (VAI) of CRMB, however, MNZWMA decreased its SPI and VAI. The analysis of FTIR spectra indicated that MNZWMA reduced the formation of carbonyl groups and sulfoxide groups, but OVRWMA accelerated the formation of carbonyl groups and sulfoxide groups to some extent during ultraviolet aging. Therefore, MNZWMA could improve the anti-aging properties, and OVRWMA was not conducive to the anti-aging properties of CRMB.

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Sharma, Vikas, and Shweta Goyal. "Comparative study of performance of natural fibres and crumb rubber modified stone matrix asphalt mixtures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-096.

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Stone matrix asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded mix that contains a high concentration of coarse aggregate, thereby maximizing stone-to-stone contact in the mixture and providing an efficient network for load distribution. Coarse aggregate particles are held together by a rich matrix of mineral filler and stabilizer in the thick asphalt film. This paper presents details on the laboratory studies carried out on stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures with natural fibres and crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB). Indirect tensile strength, retained stability, resistance to moisture susceptibility, resistance to rutting, resistance to creep, and resistance to permeability and aging were found to improve with SMA mixtures with CRMB when compared with SMA mixtures with fibres as stabilizers.Key words: natural fibres, CRMB, SMA mixtures, draindown, moisture damage, creep, rutting, permeability, aging.

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MORENO-NAVARRO, Fernando, Maria Carmen RUBIO-GÁMEZ, and Ana JIMÉNEZ DEL BARCO-CARRIÓN. "TIRE CRUMB RUBBER EFFECT ON HOT BITUMINOUS MIXTURES FATIGUE-CRACKING BEHAVIOUR." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897982.

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The use of tire crumb rubber in road engineering as a modifier of bituminous mixes constitutes one of the revalorization techniques for this waste. The main objective of this research consists of analysing the possible fatigue cracking improvements in the performance of bituminous mixtures containing crumb rubber in comparison to bituminous mixtures manufactured with conventional bitumen and bitumen modified with SBS polymers. For this purpose, four different types of mixes with the same mineral skeleton but different bitumens were studied. The test used to evaluate their behaviour was the UGR-FACT with an additional system for taking pictures, which allows controlling the propagation of the cracks at every moment. The results show that the addition of crumb rubber retards the appearance of cracks; however, once it begins, the damage propagation is faster. Therefore, the fatigue cracking life of mixes with crumb rubber seems considerably longer than the fatigue cracking life of those with conventional bitumens. Moreover, in the mixes with crumb rubber added by the dry process, cracks are thinner and less ramified than in the other ones.

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Dasek, Ondrej, Petr Hyzl, and Pavel Coufalik. "Properties and Ageing of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumens." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.535.

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The issue of reusing waste materials is becoming very current and also includes reusing used tires. One of the possibilities is using these tires for the production of crumb rubber, which is added as a modifying agent into paving bitumens. The paper compares properties of this special type of asphalt binder with properties of conventional binders. In order to test the rheological properties, needle penetration, softening point, dynamic viscosity, resilience and elastic recovery tests were performed. Emphasis was put on description of rheological behavior determined using dynamic shear rheometer with the effects of ageing assessed using RTFOT method. It was found that crumb rubber modified bitumens have a higher stiffness in comparison to both paving and polymer modified bitumens. Ageing of crumb rubber modified bitumens led to an increase of complex shear moduli and decrease of phase angles. Increasing the crumb rubber content in bitumen leads to smaller increase of complex shear modulus due to ageing. It demonstrates higher resistance against ageing.

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Tileuberdi, Ye, Ye K. Ongarbayev, Z. A. Mansurov, K. K. Kudaibergenov, and Y. O. Doszhanov. "Ways of Using Rubber Crumb from Worn Tires." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 1512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1512.

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In the paper ways of using rubber crumb from worn tires were investigated. Possibilities of preparing Rubber-Bitumen Compounds (RBC) based rubber crumb (RC) from worn tires were studied experimentally. The physico-mechanical characteristics of paving bitumen BND 60/90 modified with rubber crumb and spent engine oil. The structure of rubber crumb was characterized by optical microscopy. Physico-mechanical characteristics of RBC were detrminated by standard methods. It is established that the quantity of entered binders depending on physical and chemical conditions, which was optimal composition of rubber-oil at a ratio of 1:1 and 3:2 and introduction to bitumen in amount of 15-25 wt.%.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crumb Rubber modified Bitumen (CRmB)"

Nare, Keith Dumisani. "Formulation development and thermorheological properties of crumb rubber/eva modified bitumen." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11974.

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The study deals with the formulation development and thermorheological properties of crumb rubber/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) modified bitumen with the aim of optimizing the amount of crumb rubber and EVA loadings in bitumen based on thermorheological parameters complex shear modulus, phase angle and rutting parameter. In the modified binders EVA offers plastomer properties whereas the crumb rubber confers elasticity to the bitumen. 13.75% crumb rubber and 2.5% EVA loadings based on aging indices gave the best optimized mixture. The thermorheological behaviour of the best optimized mixture was compared to industrial grade EVA (AP-1) and crumb rubber (AR-1) modified bitumen. Improving aging behaviour of the bitumen was evaluated using four antioxidants: carbon black, hydrated lime, Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168. The least aging indices at 58˚C and 64˚C were obtained from a 1:1:1 Irganox 1010/hydrated lime/carbon black mixture. SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltene) analysis gave the chemical background for application of antioxidants to reduce the propensity of short term aging. To further improve the EVA/crumb rubber optimized mixture for workability FT wax (Sasobit®) was assayed at loadings from 0-2.5%. This was done to match the EVA content and maintain the original maximum loading of 2.5% in the optimized mixture. The phase change abilities of FT wax owing to the high latent heat enabled co-crystallization with the EVA with the elastomeric backbone of crumb rubber acting as support material. The energy-sustainability nexus was found to have worked at less than 1% loading of FT wax in the EVA/crumb rubber modified bitumen. Response surface methodology approach to all the sections of work was used to come up with the optimized mixtures based on rheological parameters complex shear modulus, phase angle and rutting parameter at test temperature 64˚C. The interaction chemistry of bitumen, crumb rubber, EVA and FT wax was found to be first and second order in all cases involving individual contributions and co-interaction amongst the factors. Project costing for each section of work (optimizing section, antioxidant section and FT wax section) was conducted involving the raw materials used, equipment used, labour involved and other costs incurred for all the project work.

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Zavřel, Tomáš. "Posouzení nízkohlučného asfaltového koberce mastixového s CRmB." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225494.

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The aim of diploma thesis is to design mixture SMA LA 8 with crumb rubber modified bitumen (9,9 %) and a modifier additive TecRoad (22 %) and the test of water sensitivity, the resistance to permanent deformation and to frost cracking, the determination of the stiffness and fatigue characteristics. Test methods are described and evaluated.

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Sychra, Martin. "Vliv obsahu pojiva na vlastnosti asfaltové směsi s CRmB." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240223.

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The asphalt mixture BBTM 5 A with crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRmB) is designed and produced in the diploma thesis. The influence of CRmB content on low temperature properties, stiffness and fatigue of asphalt mixture BBTM 5 A is determined. The influence of asphalt mixture ageing simulation on change of low temperature properties is also evaluated.

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Puda, Adam. "Porovnání švédského a amerického konceptu návrhu směsí s CRmB." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227484.

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This master's theseis deals with comparison of two design concepts for producting asphalt mixture with CRmB. These design concepts are from Sweden and USA. The theoretical part sets parameters for design of asphalt mixture and chracteristic tests. In the practical part test speciements of design asphatl mixture undergo performace tests that simulate climate and traffic load. Results are compared to mathematical model used in program LayEps.

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Dašek, Ondřej. "Uplatnění pryžového granulátu v asfaltových pojivech a hutněných asfaltových směsích." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233809.

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Presented dissertation thesis is focused on the possibility of using the crumb rubber from waste tires for modification of paving grade bitumen. The resulting asphalt rubber can be used as an alternative to polymer modified bitumen in compacted bituminous mixtures. The theoretical part describes the rheological properties of asphalt binders and the history and today state of the art in the world and in the Czech Republic. The practical part of the work contains a description of the properties of chosen crumb rubbers and produced asphalt rubbers focused on their rheological properties and on change of these properties caused by the aging at high temperature. Subsequently, the chosen empirical and functional properties of bituminous mixtures with asphalt rubber are described. Laboratory properties of these mixtures were verified under real service conditions on 32 test sections. Based on the dissertation thesis results the preliminary technical specification of the Ministry of Transport (TP 148) and their following revision were approved. The conclusion of the work summarizes and highlights the results of the dissertation.

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Horáček, Daniel. "Inovativní asfaltové směsi pro netuhé vozovky s použitím R-materiálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409809.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the design and production of two innovative asphalt mixtures of the VMT 22 type into the base asphalt course. The newly produced blends contain modified binders, such as polymer modified bitumen (PMB) and Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB). The theoretical part of the thesis describes the current state of the use of Reclaimed asphalt pavement in the base asphalt course. Furthermore, there are described types of asphalt mixtures for the base asphalt course are used in the Czech Republic and other countries. The conclusion of the theoretical part is devoted to the description of Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), its storage and processing in a hot mix center. In the practical part of this thesis, there is described design and test of two High modulus asphalt mixture VMT 22, into which 25% RAP is dosed cold without rejuvenators. These asphalt mixtures are then subjected to functional tests (Stiffness of asphalt mixture test, Resistance to fatigue test, Low temperature properties of asphalt mixture test). The results of the functional tests are compared with the functional requirements in the Czech regulation TP 151. In the end of this thesis it is verified by means of the LayEps software that a suitable design of the asphalt mixture can significantly extend the road life.

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Ali, Mahdi. "Study of the bitumen aging effects on the rheological properties and fatigue behavior." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16255/.

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A study of bitumen aging effects on the rheological properties and fatigue behavior is carried out on five polymer modified bitumen provided by an oil company. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), is used to perform advanced experimental investigation. It allows practicing frequency sweep tests, fatigue tests and time sweep tests. Polymer modified bitumen with different percentage of SBS with or without the presence of crumb rubber are tested before and after short and long aging processes. Master curves were generated based on frequency sweep tests data, they are studied, and a comparison was conducted between each bitumen before and after aging. In this thesis, the DSR is presented, as well as the testing procedure and the tested materials. A fatigue life analysis of the results, based on the use of two different criteria, the first criterion is classically used: it consists in defining the failure as a 50% loss of the initial stiffness. The other criteria based on dissipated energy data. This thesis provides results which show the effects of several factors on fatigue and healing response such as bitumen type, ageing, the presence of rubber and polymer modification.

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Stromecký, Roman. "Asfaltové směsi s vyšší životností za použití R-materiálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392267.

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This diploma thesis deals with a project of asphalt mixtures with high stiffness modulus using R-material. The theoretical part describes the characteristics of these mixtures in the Czech Republic and in Switzerland. Further this part deals with the use of R-material in the Czech Republic and chosen other countries of the world, it also deals with the ways of recycling roads. The theoretical part also deals with the testing methods used. In the practical part two new asphalt mixtures of the high stiffness modulus type with the addition of 25 % R-material are suggested. As a base for these two mixtures a mixture of the high stiffness modulus type, which was taken from an asphalt mixing plant, was used. Tests were run on the binders and several functional tests (stiffness modulus, fatigue resistance, low temperature qualities) wer done on the suggested asphalt mixtures and also the mixture taken from the mixing plant. Consequently, the results were compared. The conclusion of the thesis is devoted to modelling a construction of a road using the program LayEps, which verified if the suggested mixtures could reduce the thickness of roads.

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Musil, Vladimír. "Relaxace smykového napětí asfaltových pojiv v DSR." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227690.

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The thesis describes the relaxation properties of bituminous binders determined in dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Paving bitumen, polymer modified bitumen (PMB) and crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRmB) were chosen for comparison. In order to describe the effects of ageing on asphalt binders relaxation properties, the laboratory simulation of ageing using RTFOT and 3xRTFOT method was performed. For each binder were simultaneously conducted tests of needle penetration, softening point and elastic recovery. Selected bitumens were used for the production of asphalt mixtures. The low-temperature properties tests (TSRST) were performed for these mixtures, when the results were compared to the relaxation properties of binders determined in the DSR.

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Onyango, Felix Odhiambo. "Rubber tyre and plastic waste use in asphalt concrete pavement." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/331.

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M. Tech. (Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology)
Modified asphalt concrete is one of the important construction materials for flexible pavements. The addition of polymers and natural hydrocarbon modifiers to enhance the properties of asphalt concrete over a wide temperature range in paving applications has been the common practice. Currently these modified asphalt mixtures are relatively expensive. However, recycled polymers and rubber added to asphalt have also shown similar results in improving the performance of road pavements. In this study, an attempt has been made to use low density polyethylene (LDPE) obtained from plastic waste and crumb rubber obtained from worn out vehicle tyres. The aim was to optimise the proportions of LDPE in the bitumen binder using the ‘wet process’ and crumb rubber aggregates in the hot mix asphalt (HMA) using the ‘dry process’. The Marshall method of bituminous mix design was carried out for varying percentages of LDPE namely 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of bitumen binder and 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% crumb rubber by volume of the mineral aggregates. The characteristics of bitumen modified with LDPE were evaluated. The modified asphalt mix was also evaluated to determine the different mix characteristics. The results from laboratory studies in terms of the rheological properties of the LDPE modified bitumen binder showed an increase in viscosity, softening point and stiffness of the binder. The optimum Marshall stability values for HMA mixtures containing 2% crumb rubber tyre and 4% LDPE were found to be 30% higher than the conventional asphalt concrete mix. The wheel tracking test done at 50ºC was 9.81mm rut depth showing a good rutting resistance of the optimized mixture compared to the conventional asphalt mixes. The Modified Lottman test gave a Tensile Strength Ratio value of 0.979 which indicates a low degree of moisture susceptibility of the modified asphalt mix. The above results showed improved properties of the asphalt mixture. The economic assessment done using the present worth of costs indicated a reduction in maintenance cost due to the extended service life of the modified asphalt pavement.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crumb Rubber modified Bitumen (CRmB)"

Ahmed, Taha, Dawoud Bahzad, Abdullah Al-Marshed, Zein-Eddine Merouani, and Mohamed Omar. "Evaluating the Characteristics of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Binders Produced with Neat Bitumen—Case of Kuwait." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 409–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48679-2_39.

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Manthos, E., J. Valentin, L. Benešová, D. Giannaka, P. Gravalas, and Ch Tsakalidis. "Investigation of Selected Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumens with Different Rubber Contents." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 443–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48679-2_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crumb Rubber modified Bitumen (CRmB)"

Šernas, Ovidijus, Donatas Čygas, Audrius Vaitkus, and Vytautė Gumauskaitė. "The Influence of Crumb Rubber on Modified Bitumen Properties." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.147.

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Rubber derived from grinding of recycled cars and trucks tyres may be successfully used as a bitumen modifier. Number of researches reported sufficient characteristics of rubber modified asphalt binders or modified asphalt mixes in terms of improved permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. The behavior of crumb rubber asphalt binders depends on several factors, such as modification method, rubber content and size, modification temperature, mixing speed and time applied during the digestion process. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crumb rubber amount and type on modified bitumen low and high temperature properties. This paper presents results of unmodified bitumen, crumb rubber crumb rubber and polymer modified bitumen. Low and high temperature properties have been evaluated using bending beam rheometer and dynamic shear rheometer. Moreover, softening point and viscosity tests have been performed. The study results revealed that crumb rubber modified bitumen performed better than pure bitumen and similarly to polymer modified bitumen.

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Nagurskyy, Andriy, Oleg Grynyshyn, Yuriy Khlibyshyn, Taras Chervinskyy, and Bohdan Korchak. "Obtaining Modified Bitumen Rubber Crumb for Cold-Rolled Roofing Materials." In Chemical technology and engineering. Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.112.

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Ahmed, Taha, Dawoud Bahzad, Abdullah Al-Marshed, and Mohamed Omar. "Evaluating the Characteristics of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Binders Produced with Local Bitumen: Case of Kuwait." In International Conference on Transportation and Development 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483183.017.

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Mihajlov, S. N., I. A. Osipov, A. V. Ivanov, and S. E. Filippov. "Asphalt concrete based on modified oil road bitumen crumb rubber and magnesium nanospinel for the conditions of the 1st road climatic zone." In XXI All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference young scientists, graduate students and students in Neryungri, with international participation. Tekhnicheskogo instituta (f) SVFU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/tifsvfu-2020-c1-196-10.

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