Journal articles: 'Crumb Rubber modified Bitumen (CRmB)'

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Ibrahim, Mohd Rasdan, Herda Yati Katman, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Suhana Koting, and Nuha S. Mashaan. "A Review on the Effect of Crumb Rubber Addition to the Rheology of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/415246.

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Crumb rubber modification has been proven to enhance the properties of pure bitumen. This paper looks at some of the international standards for producing crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) and reviews the effect of crumb rubber to the rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen. The review shows that the rheology of CRMB depends on internal factors such as crumb rubber quantity, particle size, and pure bitumen composition, and external factors such as the mixing time, temperature, and also the modification technique. These factors govern the swelling process of crumb rubber particles that lead to the increase of viscosity of the modified bitumen. However, the mixing temperature and duration can cause rubber particles to depolymerize and subsequently cause loss of viscosity. Crumb rubber modification also improves the properties of bitumen by increasing the storage and loss modulus and enhancing the high and low temperature susceptibility. The effect of crumb rubber to aging properties of CRMB is also discussed. Finally several techniques of chemical modification to terminal blends of CRMB and the subsequent improvement to the settling property of CRMB are explained.

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Zhang, Huang, Jian Ying Yu, Zhi Long Cao, and Fei Liu. "Rheological Model and Viscoelasticity of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 1076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.1076.

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Rheological model for crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) by the rheological testing and model analyzer was investigated in this paper. The effects of crumb rubber content and temperature on rheological model and viscoelasticity of CRMB were conducted. The results illustrate that rheological model of bitumen is transformed from Dashpot into Burgers at 60°C after bitumen has been modified by crumb rubber. And the elasticity of CRMB is increased and the viscosity is decreased with crumb rubber content rising. For the modified bitumen with 20% crumb rubber (CRMB-20), its rheological model is Burgers among 20°C~80°C, but the model is translated into Maxwell at 100°C. As the temperature increases, both viscosity and elasticity of CRMB-20 are increased. Compared with 20°C, the instantaneous elastic and viscous deformation of CRMB-20 at 100°C are increased by 14.2 times and 80.5 times, respectively.

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Li, Yanan, Yuchao Lyu, Meng Xu, Liang Fan, and Yuzhen Zhang. "Determination of Construction Temperatures of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen Mixture Based on CRMB Mastic." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 3851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233851.

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Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) has been widely used in pavement construction and provides an effective way to recycle waste tires and helps alleviate the “black pollution” problem. There are no current specifications regarding the appropriate mixing and compaction temperatures of the CRMB mixture. There is a direct relationship between the mixing and the compaction temperatures of the CRMB mixture and the viscosity of the CRMB mastic. In this study, we first prepared CRMB using crumb rubber powder and penetration grade 70 neat bitumen, then prepared the CRMB mastic using CRMB and fillers (limestone mineral powder and cement). Finally, we used the CRMB mastic and aggregate to make mixture specimens. The best air void of the specimens was subsequently used to demarcate the viscosity of the CRMB mastic, and the construction temperatures (including the mixing temperature and the compaction temperature) were calculated based on the viscosity of the CRMB mastic from the viscosity–temperature curves. Test results indicated that the best viscosity of the CRMB mastic was 2.7 ± 0.2 Pa·s and 3.9 ± 0.3 Pa·s that corresponded to the mixing and compaction temperatures, respectively.

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Wang, Haopeng, Xueyan Liu, Panos Apostolidis, and Tom Scarpas. "Non-Newtonian Behaviors of Crumb Rubber-Modified Bituminous Binders." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101760.

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Crumb rubber-modified bitumen (CRMB) has been utilized in the asphalt paving industry for decades due to its various benefits. The complex interaction between bitumen and crumb rubber as well as the addition of warm-mix additives makes the typical laws of Newtonian fluids insufficient to describe the behaviors of highly modified bituminous binders. To systematically explore the non-Newtonian behaviors of CRMB, a dynamic shear rheometer was utilized to apply shear loading on the samples at various temperatures and shear rates. Results show that the viscosity of different binders are highly temperature- and shear rate-dependent, while highly modified binders exhibit more obvious shear-thinning behaviors at certain temperatures. With the help of zero shear viscosity and yield stress, the shear-thinning behaviors of non-Newtonian binders can be sufficiently characterized. The Arrhenius equation is invalid to describe viscosity-temperature characteristics of bitumen in the non-Newtonian region. A second-order polynomial function was proposed to characterize the viscosity-temperature dependence with a high correlation degree.

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Huang, Jiandong, and Yuantian Sun. "Effect of Modifiers on the Rutting, Moisture-Induced Damage, and Workability Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 7145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207145.

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The present study aims to examine the effect of modifiers (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene and crumb rubber) on the rutting, moisture-induced damage, and workability properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. In this study, three types—namely, control (CB), crumb rubber-modified (CRMB), and polymer-modified (PMB)—of mixtures/binders were evaluated. The rutting properties were evaluated using a wheel tracking device and the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) test. The moisture-induced damage properties were evaluated using the Indirect Tensile Strength (modified Lottman) and bitumen bond strength (BBS) tests. The workability properties were evaluated using densification indices (Bahia and locking point method) and a viscosity test. The results indicate that CRMB mixtures were less workable and exhibited a better resistance to rutting than the PMB and CB mixtures. Further, the PMB mixtures had increased resistance to moisture-induced damage, while the effect of the CRMB mixtures was negligible compared to the CB mixtures.

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Zhuang, Rong Hua, Jian Ying Yu, Heng Chang, Yan Zeng, and Xue Yong Lan. "Effect of Warm Mix Agent on Physical and Aging Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 1226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.1226.

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The effects of modified natural zeolite warm mix agent (MNZWMA) and organic viscosity reducing warm mix agent (OVRWMA) on the physical properties, short term thermal oxidation aging, long term thermal oxidation aging and UV aging properties of the crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) were investigated. The results showed that MNZWMA and OVRWMA could improve the high temperature stability and the low temperature crack resistance of CRMB, respectively. During the short term thermal oxidation aging, long term thermal oxidation aging and UV aging, OVRWMA increased softening point increment (SPI) and viscosity aging index (VAI) of CRMB, however, MNZWMA decreased its SPI and VAI. The analysis of FTIR spectra indicated that MNZWMA reduced the formation of carbonyl groups and sulfoxide groups, but OVRWMA accelerated the formation of carbonyl groups and sulfoxide groups to some extent during ultraviolet aging. Therefore, MNZWMA could improve the anti-aging properties, and OVRWMA was not conducive to the anti-aging properties of CRMB.

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Sharma, Vikas, and Shweta Goyal. "Comparative study of performance of natural fibres and crumb rubber modified stone matrix asphalt mixtures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-096.

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Stone matrix asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded mix that contains a high concentration of coarse aggregate, thereby maximizing stone-to-stone contact in the mixture and providing an efficient network for load distribution. Coarse aggregate particles are held together by a rich matrix of mineral filler and stabilizer in the thick asphalt film. This paper presents details on the laboratory studies carried out on stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures with natural fibres and crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB). Indirect tensile strength, retained stability, resistance to moisture susceptibility, resistance to rutting, resistance to creep, and resistance to permeability and aging were found to improve with SMA mixtures with CRMB when compared with SMA mixtures with fibres as stabilizers.Key words: natural fibres, CRMB, SMA mixtures, draindown, moisture damage, creep, rutting, permeability, aging.

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MORENO-NAVARRO, Fernando, Maria Carmen RUBIO-GÁMEZ, and Ana JIMÉNEZ DEL BARCO-CARRIÓN. "TIRE CRUMB RUBBER EFFECT ON HOT BITUMINOUS MIXTURES FATIGUE-CRACKING BEHAVIOUR." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897982.

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The use of tire crumb rubber in road engineering as a modifier of bituminous mixes constitutes one of the revalorization techniques for this waste. The main objective of this research consists of analysing the possible fatigue cracking improvements in the performance of bituminous mixtures containing crumb rubber in comparison to bituminous mixtures manufactured with conventional bitumen and bitumen modified with SBS polymers. For this purpose, four different types of mixes with the same mineral skeleton but different bitumens were studied. The test used to evaluate their behaviour was the UGR-FACT with an additional system for taking pictures, which allows controlling the propagation of the cracks at every moment. The results show that the addition of crumb rubber retards the appearance of cracks; however, once it begins, the damage propagation is faster. Therefore, the fatigue cracking life of mixes with crumb rubber seems considerably longer than the fatigue cracking life of those with conventional bitumens. Moreover, in the mixes with crumb rubber added by the dry process, cracks are thinner and less ramified than in the other ones.

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Dasek, Ondrej, Petr Hyzl, and Pavel Coufalik. "Properties and Ageing of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumens." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.535.

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The issue of reusing waste materials is becoming very current and also includes reusing used tires. One of the possibilities is using these tires for the production of crumb rubber, which is added as a modifying agent into paving bitumens. The paper compares properties of this special type of asphalt binder with properties of conventional binders. In order to test the rheological properties, needle penetration, softening point, dynamic viscosity, resilience and elastic recovery tests were performed. Emphasis was put on description of rheological behavior determined using dynamic shear rheometer with the effects of ageing assessed using RTFOT method. It was found that crumb rubber modified bitumens have a higher stiffness in comparison to both paving and polymer modified bitumens. Ageing of crumb rubber modified bitumens led to an increase of complex shear moduli and decrease of phase angles. Increasing the crumb rubber content in bitumen leads to smaller increase of complex shear modulus due to ageing. It demonstrates higher resistance against ageing.

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Tileuberdi, Ye, Ye K. Ongarbayev, Z. A. Mansurov, K. K. Kudaibergenov, and Y. O. Doszhanov. "Ways of Using Rubber Crumb from Worn Tires." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 1512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1512.

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In the paper ways of using rubber crumb from worn tires were investigated. Possibilities of preparing Rubber-Bitumen Compounds (RBC) based rubber crumb (RC) from worn tires were studied experimentally. The physico-mechanical characteristics of paving bitumen BND 60/90 modified with rubber crumb and spent engine oil. The structure of rubber crumb was characterized by optical microscopy. Physico-mechanical characteristics of RBC were detrminated by standard methods. It is established that the quantity of entered binders depending on physical and chemical conditions, which was optimal composition of rubber-oil at a ratio of 1:1 and 3:2 and introduction to bitumen in amount of 15-25 wt.%.

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Sutanto, Muslich, Nura Bala, Kemal Al Zaro, and Sri Sunarjono. "Properties of Crumb Rubber and Latex Modified Asphalt Binders using Superpave Tests." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820305007.

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Polymer modified binders have been used for long time to improve the quality of asphalt pavement. This study investigates the effect of crumb rubber and latex on the properties of bitumen binders. Crumb rubber and latex were added to the control 60/70 pen grade bitumen. Four different proportions of crumb rubber and latex were considered in this study: 0%, 4%, 6% and 8% by weight of bitumen binder. The effect of crumb rubber and latex were evaluated through standard penetration and softening point tests as well as dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test. Temperature ranges of 20°C - 40°C were used for the DSR rheological testing. The results showed that the addition of crumb rubber and latex leads to a promising improvement on the binder properties. A reduction in penetration and an increase in softening point temperature were observed with the addition of either crumb rubber or latex, this indicates improvement in stiffness and rutting resistance. The analysis on DSR results also show that the modified binders have good rutting resistance.

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Humagain, Prasanna, Puspa Lal Homagai, and Gautam Bir singh Tamrakar. "Properties Study of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 37 (December 1, 2017): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v37i0.32151.

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Nagurskyy, Andriy, Yuriy Khlibyshyn, Oleg Grynyshyn, and Victoria Kochubei. "Rubber Crumb Modified Bitumen Produced from Crude Oils Residuals of Ukrainian Deposits." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.03.420.

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Zhang, Ben, Huaxin Chen, Honggang Zhang, Yongchang Wu, Dongliang Kuang, and Fengjun Guo. "Laboratory Investigation of Aging Resistance for Rubberized Bitumen Modified by Using Microwave Activation Crumb Rubber and Different Modifiers." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 4230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194230.

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Different modification methods, such as adding modifiers and pretreating crumb rubber, have been developed to achieve decent engineering properties and reduce the viscosity of rubberized bitumen. This study evaluated the influence of the modification methods on the aging resistance for rubberized bitumen. Two types of crumb rubber—a 40-mesh crumb rubber and a microwave-pretreated crumb rubber—and two kinds of modifiers—Sasobit and Trans-polyoctenamer—were selected to prepare rubberized bitumen. The samples were subjected to a Thin-Film Oven Test for the simulation of the short-term aging condition, while a Pressure-Aging-Vessel test was used to simulate the long-term aging condition. The indexes of rubberized bitumen, including softening point, elastic recovery ratio, maximum load, ductility, fracture energy, phase angle, and dynamic modulus, were tested before and after aging. The result showed that trans-polyoctenamer displayed the best resistance to short-term aging, while Sasobit significantly improved the fracture energy of rubberized bitumen after short-term aging. Microwave pretreated partially destroyed the internal structure of crumb rubber, leading to a decrease of short-term aging resistance for rubberized bitumen. Compared with short-term aging, the changing trends of various indexes were basically same, except the discrepancy of properties indexes was reduced after long-term aging.

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Singh, B., Lokesh Kumar, M. Gupta, Monika Chauhan, and G. S. Chauhan. "Effect of activated crumb rubber on the properties of crumb rubber-modified bitumen." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 129, no. 5 (February 6, 2013): 2821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38991.

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Mulyani, Sri, Nono Nono, and Nyoman Suaryana. "Kajian Penambahan RejIRE pada Aspal Modifikasi Crumb Rubber serta Kinerjanya pada Campuran Beraspal Panas." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 24, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v24i2.18996.

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Asphalt polymer has superior characteristics than conventional asphalt. Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) is a polymer that has proven its performance in heavy traffic, but it must be imported and expensive. Crumb rubber have high potential to be used as an asphalt modifier. Asphalt modified crumb rubber has high viscosity and is not homogeneous, so that the utilization cannot be delayed. This reduces workability in the field. This study aims to obtain asphalt modified crumb rubber which is easier to use by adding materials that do not affect its performance. RejIRE is a low viscosity additive to restore the properties of bitumen on crumb rubber modified. Experiments were carried out by adding variations in RejIRE levels to crumb rubber modified asphalt to determine its characteristics. Continued investigation of the performance of hot paved mixtures for wearing courses compared to asphalt mixtures with Pen 60/70 asphalt and SBS modified asphalt mixtures. The result is the addition of 0.75% RejIRE on asphalt crumb rubber modification have high workability. Overall the performance of the mix with SBS modified asphalt is better, but the mixture of hot paved with modified asphalt crumb rubber has a resistance to permanent deformation superior to the other paved mixtures.

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TEPPALA, BALA RAJU, PROF C. B. MISHRA, ALOK SINHA, and DINESH KUMAR. "Experimental Assessment of Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen Mix (CRMB 55) With and Without Application of Nanotechnology Additive." International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 03, no. 10 (October 15, 2014): 16489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijirset.2014.0310012.

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Borinelli, Jaffer Bressan, Johan Blom, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Patricia Kara De Maeijer, Wim Van den bergh, and Cedric Vuye. "VOC Emission Analysis of Bitumen Using Proton-Transfer Reaction Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 3659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173659.

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Bitumen is one of the most important materials used in roads. During asphalt pavement construction, workers can be affected by emissions, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), when bitumen is heated. Therefore, it is crucial to correctly identify and measure VOCs. This paper presents a novel, promising method to determine VOC emissions. The proposed method offers a way to standardize routine measurements on a lab scale, enabling reliable comparison across bitumen types and their modifications or additives. A proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) was used to monitor VOC emissions from commercial unmodified bitumen and crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) with heating of up to 180 °C. Results confirmed that the temperature range of 160–180 °C is a highly influential factor for VOC emissions from heated commercial bitumen and particularly CRMB. A significant increase in alkane and aromatic emission was detected when the binders were heated to 180 °C. Sulfur-containing VOCs were almost nonexistent for the base bitumen fumes, while a significant increase was detected in the fumes when two different types of CR were added to the bitumen, even at 120 °C. The additional CR in the bituminous binder contributed to the potentially harmful VOC emission of benzothiazole, which belongs to the class of sulfur-containing compounds. The concentration of benzothiazole was 65%, 38%, and 35% higher for CR1 in comparison to CR2 at 140, 160, and 180 °C, respectively. It is clear from the results that this method allows different bitumen sources or modifications to be quickly analyzed and their VOC emissions cross-compared. If adopted and confirmed further, the method could offer the asphalt industry a viable solution to monitor VOC emissions by analyzing samples in real time at different steps of the production process.

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Dehnad, Mohamad H., Behrouz Damyar, and Hossein Z. Farahani. "Rheological Evaluation of Modified Bitumen by EVA and Crumb Rubber Using RSM Optimization." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (August 18, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9825541.

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In the present study, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and crumb rubber (CR) were used as bitumen modifiers. The experiment was designed by response surface methodology (RSM) at different levels of modifier additives based on the central composite design (CCD). Next, the Superpave protocol was followed to evaluate the modified bitumen performance at different temperatures compared with the unmodified bitumen. In this regard, to evaluate at high temperatures, a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test was performed, and G ∗ /sinδ index was examined on bitumen samples after aging. Besides, the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test was performed to evaluate the low-temperature behaviour of the modified bitumen according to the SHRP standard based on the creep stiffness and creep rate. The optimal combination of additives was evaluated using RSM and analysis of statistical values to improve the performance properties of bitumen at high and low temperatures. Moreover, based on the DSR and BBR test results, 5.6% of EVA and 3.9% of CR were selected as the optimal values for the modified bitumen behaviour at the high and low temperatures of the mixture.

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Navarro, F. J., P. Partal, F. Martínez-Boza, and C. Gallegos. "Influence of Crumb Rubber Concentration on the Rheological Behavior of a Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Energy & Fuels 19, no. 5 (September 2005): 1984–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef049699a.

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Hashimi, Sayed Naqibullah, Suhrab Ahadi, Hakan Aslan, and Zeliha Cagla Kuyumcu. "Investigation of the effect of Crumb Rubber Additive on the Fracture of characteristics of asphalt mixtures in control and asphalt rubber mixtures." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.127.

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The failure of cracking is one of the main concerns regarding the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Since the characteristic of the materials of the mixtures has impact on their cracking potential, the main conception of this research is to evaluate the effect of the type of size and additive percentage of crumb rubber modified (CRM) on the resistance of mixtures to crack at mid and low temperatures. For this purpose, rubber bitumen containing 10% and 15% crumb rubber with fine and coarse sizes with wet process was prepared. Asphalt mixtures with dense and gap grading were designed by using rubber bitumen produced by superpave method. The three-points bending test of semicircle bending sample (SCB) was used to evaluate the fracture characteristics of asphalt mixtures at low and middle temperatures (25&deg;C and -12&deg;C). Accordingly, the failure characteristics of asphalt mixtures were evaluated in two modes with short-term and long-term aging. The failure test results indicated that the produced mixtures with crumb rubbers additive have high resourcing resistance compared to control mixtures (without crumb rubber additive), were also revealed. Mixtures with dense grading and fine crumb rubber have high fracture resistance compared to mix with gap grading and coarse crumb rubber. Also, the increasing of the percentage of crumb rubber improved the resistance of the mixed failure. In general, it can be stated that the addition of crumb rubber increases the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures which can improve its performance before cracking at mid and low temperatures.

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Zhi-gang, Ye, Kong Xian-ming, Yu Jian-ying, and Wei Lian-qi. "Microstructure and properties of desulfurized crumb rubber modified bitumen." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 18, no. 1 (March 2003): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02835097.

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Waheed, Muhammad Saad, and Manzoor Elahi. "Effect of Short Term Aging on Unmodified and Local Crumb Rubber (LCR) Modified Bitumen." Quaid-e-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering, Science & Technology 18, no. 02 (December 31, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52584/qrj.1802.10.

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Two grades of bitumen, (60/70 and 80/100), were modified by addition of Local Crumb Rubber (LCR) by weight of base bitumen. To investigate the effects of short-term aging on modified and LCR modified bitumen, Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) test was used to simulate the short term aging. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was used to assess the rheological properties of bitumen, both before and after aging. It was observed that at 65 degree Celcius on aging, the phase angle (sigma) of unmodified bitumen decreased by 3 and 4% for 60/70 and 80/100 bitumen respectively; whereas, for 60/70 LCR modified bitumen, the phase angle (sigma) on RTFO aging decreased by 7% for all LCR content (10, 15 and 20%) by weight of base bitumen. However, on RTFO aging (sigma), values for LCR modified 80/100 bitumen varied across different LCR content and could not be generalized. The complex modulus |G*| of LCR modified 60/70 bitumen increased on aging for both modified and unmodified bitumen at 65C, but with the increase in LCR content, the difference between bitumen aged and un-aged values of |G*| was considerably lowered. An interesting finding was for 80/100 bitumen modified with 20% LCR content by weight, which showed a reduction in |G*| values and an increase in (sigma) values on aging. This shows that to some extent, LCR compensates for the stiffening effects of aging.

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Cetin, Altan. "Effects of Crumb Rubber Size and Concentration on Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixtures." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/789612.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of size distribution and concentration of crumb rubber on the performance characteristics of porous asphalt mixture. The recycling of scrap tires in asphalt pavements appears as an important alternative providing a large-scale market. The characteristics of bitumen are very important with regard to service life of porous asphalt pavement. The experimental study consists of two main steps. Firstly, the mixture design was performed to determine the optimum bitumen content. In the latter step, the mixtures were modified by dry process using crumb rubber in three different grain size distributions of #4~#20, #20~#200, and #4~#200 and rubber content of 10%, 15%, and 20% as weight of optimum bitumen. The permeability, Cantabro abrasion loss, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, and resilient modulus tests were carried out on the specimens. Test results show that #20~#200 sized rubber particles reduced air voids and coefficient of permeability, while they increased the Cantabro abrasion loss. In general, increasing the crumb rubber size and content decreased the performance characteristics of the porous asphalt mixtures.

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Mashaan, Nuha Salim, Asim H. Ali, Suhana Koting, and Mohamed Rehan Karim. "Performance Evaluation of Crumb Rubber Modified Stone Mastic Asphalt Pavement in Malaysia." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/304676.

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To prevent pavement distresses there are various solutions such as adopting new mix designs or utilisation of asphalt additives. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding crumb tyre rubber as an additive to SMA mixture performance properties. This study investigated the essential aspects of modified asphalt mixtures in order to better understand the influence of CRM modifiers on volumetric, mechanical, and stiffness properties of SMA mixture. In this study, virgin bitumen 80/100 penetration grade was used, modified with crumb rubber (CRM) at five different modification levels, namely, 6%, 12%, 16%, and 20%, respectively, by weight of the bitumen. The appropriate amount of the added CRM was found to be 12% by weight of bitumen. This percentage results in the maximum level of stability. The resilient modulus (Mr) of modified SMA samples including different percentages of CRM was obviously higher in comparison with that of unmodified samples.

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Duan, Haihui, Chongzheng Zhu, Yanqi Li, Henglong Zhang, Shuai Zhang, Feipeng Xiao, and Serji Amirkhanian. "Effect of crumb rubber percentages and bitumen sources on high-temperature rheological properties of less smell crumb rubber modified bitumen." Construction and Building Materials 277 (March 2021): 122248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122248.

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Chai, Chao, Yongchun Cheng, Yuwei Zhang, Bing Zhu, and Hang Liu. "Mechanical Properties of Crumb Rubber and Basalt Fiber Composite Modified Porous Asphalt Concrete with Steel Slag as Aggregate." Polymers 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112552.

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This paper studies the mechanical properties of porous asphalt concrete with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer modified bitumen as the binder, steel slag as the aggregate and crumb rubber and basalt fiber as modifiers. First, the appearance, mechanics, chemical composition and high-temperature stability of steel slag were studied by some equipment. Then, three kinds of porous asphalt concrete with SBS polymer modified bitumen as binder were produced, Namely, crumb rubber modified porous asphalt concrete (CR-PAC), basalt fiber modified porous asphalt concrete (BF-PAC), and basalt fiber and crumb rubber composite modified asphalt concrete (CM-PAC). Finally, the properties of the three kinds of modified PACs were studied through the Marshall test, freeze-thaw splitting test, low-temperature splitting test, permeability test, and creep test. The results showed that the crush value and abrasion value of steel slag are 15.1% and 13.5%, respectively; it has excellent strength and abrasion. In addition, the steel slag shows a porous structure and it provides an interface basis for a better bond with bitumen. For the three PACs, the results showed that the Marshall stability, water stability, and low-temperature crack resistance of CM-PAC are all the best Furthermore, CM-PAC has better rutting resistance than two single modified PACs, based on creep test results. The CM-PAC in this study can be used as a new type of pavement material.

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Dong, Yu Ming, and Yi Qiu Tan. "Laboratory Study on Properties of Tire Crumb Rubber Modified Bituminous Mixture." Advanced Engineering Forum 5 (July 2012): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.5.219.

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Abstract: This paper investigates the laboratory properties of tire crumb rubber modified (CRM) bitumen mixture. Two types of mixtures containing two binders (pen90 bitumen; CRM bitumen) were used to produce Marshall Sample and determine optimum content. Mechanical performances of bituminous mixtures were evaluated by Chinese wheel rutting test (WRT), 3point beam bending test (3P-BBT) at low temperature, indirect tensile Strength test (ITST) at freezing-thawing cycles. Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) specimens also were prepared for modulus test. Resilient modulus (E) data were obtained by unconfined uni-axial compression test according to the specification of China. Dynamic modulus (E★) data were obtained by Simple Performance Test (SPT). Two temperatures were used at dynamic modulus test. The results indicate that CRM bituminous mixture performs better than referenced bituminous mixture on viscoelastic behavior, rutting resistance, cracking resistance and moisture stability.

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Xu, Gang, Yunhong Yu, Jingyao Yang, Tianling Wang, Peipei Kong, and Xianhua Chen. "Rheological and Aging Properties of Composite Modified Bitumen by Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene and Desulfurized Crumb Rubber." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 3037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183037.

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Taking advantage of crumb rubber from waste tires to modify bitumen is widely for the environmentally friendly and sustainable development of pavement. This study investigated the modification mechanism, rheological, and aging properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)/desulfurized crumb rubber (DCR) composite modified bitumen (SBS/DCRMB). Morphological features and chemical characteristics were assessed by fluorescence intensity measurement and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively, and results demonstrated that the DCR and SBS modifier in SBS/DCRMB had been vulcanized and formed a three-dimensional network structure. Moreover, a comparison of the GPC elution curve showed the residual bitumen hardly changed due to carbon black released from DCR of SBS/DCRMB during the aging process of SBS/DCRMB, and the polymer molecules condensed to larger units. However, the remaining bitumen in SBSMB had changed evidently and the polymer degraded to smaller molecules. Meanwhile the rheological testing results, including multiple stress creep recovery, linear amplitude sweep and bending beam rheometer, declared that the SBS/DCRMB is superior to SBSMB before and after aging.

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Li, Bo, Hao Li, Yongzheng Wei, Xingjun Zhang, Dingbang Wei, and Jia Li. "Microscopic Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide Activated Crumb Rubber and Its Influence on the Rheological Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 2, 2019): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091434.

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Crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt binder has been affirmed to improve resistance to rutting, moisture susceptibility, low-temperature cracking, and asphalt durability. However, CRM has poor compatibility with asphalt since crumb rubber molecules are vulcanized. The objective of this study was to develop a new method to prepare activated crumb rubber using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution and to explore the rheological properties of H2O2 activated CRM (ACRM) asphalt. Three different percentages of H2O2 solution were used to activate crumb rubber. The surface properties of oxidized rubber were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the pore structure in rubber powder was investigated. The rheological properties of bitumen samples obtained from treated and untreated rubber were characterized by conducting dynamic shear rheometer tests. The test results show that the average pore size of the crumb rubber after activation with H2O2 solution is significantly smaller than that of the inactivated crumb rubber, and the volume and surface area of the crumb rubber pores change with H2O2 solution activation in a certain pattern. With the increase in H2O2 solution content, the contact surface between the particles increases, the floccules and pores of the powder increase, and the interface degree between the crumb rubber powder and the asphalt is strengthened. Solubility of the rubber hydrocarbon and the release ability of the carbon black particles from the crumb rubber in the asphalt binder increase, but the mechanical properties of the crumb rubber, including the strength, elasticity, and wear resistance, decrease. As a result, a reduction is observed in the elasticity, viscosity, high-temperature rutting resistance, and elasticity of the ACRM asphalt.

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PAKHOLAK, RAMAN, ANDRZEJ PLEWA, and RAMAN HATALSKI. "EVALUATION OF SELECTED TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN BINDERS MODIFIED WITH SBS COPOLYMER AND CRUMB RUBBER." Structure and Environment 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30540/sae-2020-002.

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Good quality bitumen used in the production of bitumen-aggregate mixtures is a binder with high stiffness and elasticity at high operating temperatures occurring in summer and adequate flexibility during exposure to sub-zero temperatures. Currently, one of the best technological solutions to improve the viscoelasticity of bitumen and the resistance to ageing is their modification with various types of additives. The paper presents the results of penetration tests as a function of temperature, softening point (ring and ball method) and strain energy at various temperatures of road bitumen modified with SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) copolymer, crumb rubber and simultaneous bitumen modification with SBS copolymer and crumb rubber. The obtained results allowed to assess temperature sensitivity, resistance to changes in selected technical properties of the tested binders as a result of technological ageing process with RTFOT (Roler Thin Film Oven Tester) method and to evaluate changes in their technical properties in relation to the 50/70 base bitumen. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyse the impact of the modification type on the test results of technical properties (significance of the impact of the considered factors on the level of technical properties).

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Rana Magar, Nabin. "A Study on the Performance of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen by Varying the Sizes of Crumb Rubber." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 14, no. 1 (August 25, 2014): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v14p211.

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Ghafari, Sepehr, and Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad. "R-Curve Characterization of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Warm Mix Additive at Low Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 894 (July 27, 2021): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.894.109.

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In a previous research by authors, a methodology was developed to derive J-R curves for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures using an elastic-plastic approach where a comprehensive understanding of crack propagation regime could be achieved. In this research, the effect of crumb rubber modification of HMA binder is studied in terms of R-curves and crack propagation at low temperatures. Mode I Single edge notched beam (SE(B)) fracture tests were conducted in temperature levels of 0 °C, -10 °C, and -20 °C. PG58-22 and PG64-22 binders were used in the fabrication of HMA samples. Modified specimens consist of 20% crumb rubber along with the incorporation of 3% warm mix admixture. Crack growth resistance curves were obtained in SE(B) tests by means of image processing and recording of the progressive crack length. Elastic-plastic J-R curves revealed that crumb rubber modified mixtures exhibit higher crack growth resistance for each bitumen performance grade. As well, increased ductility and cohesive energy can be observed according to the R-curves as the mixtures are modified by crumb rubber.

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Kök, Baha Vural, Mehmet Yilmaz, and Mustafa Akpolat. "Performance evaluation of crumb rubber and paraffin modified stone mastic asphalt." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 5 (May 2016): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0365.

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Recently, crumb rubber (CR) obtained from waste tires and Fischer–Tropsch paraffin are mostly used in bitumen modification to improve the performance of bituminous mixtures. Each of these additives affects the different properties of mixtures. There are limited studies in the literature about the combined usage of additive in the same mixture to utilize the different characteristics. In this study, the stability, stiffness, fatigue resistance, permanent deformation resistance, and moisture susceptibility characteristics of the stone mastic asphalt prepared with the bitumen modified with CR and paraffin were examined and compared with the control mixture. It was determined that CR-modified mixtures showed significantly more elastic characteristics. The mixture in which the 10% CR and 3% paraffin were used together gave better results in terms of moisture susceptibility and fatigue resistance when compared with the control mixture. It was determined that the use of paraffin together with CR contributed to the improved performance, and was in accordance with the CR in terms of mechanical characteristics of stone mastic asphalt.

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Wang, Haopeng, Xueyan Liu, Hong Zhang, Panos Apostolidis, Sandra Erkens, and Athanasios Skarpas. "Micromechanical modelling of complex shear modulus of crumb rubber modified bitumen." Materials & Design 188 (March 2020): 108467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108467.

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Szerb, Elisabeta I., Isabella Nicotera, Bagdat Teltayev, Rosolino Vaiana, and Cesare Oliviero Rossi. "Highly stable surfactant-crumb rubber-modified bitumen: NMR and rheological investigation." Road Materials and Pavement Design 19, no. 5 (February 15, 2017): 1192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1289975.

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Mturi, Georges A. J., Johan O'Connell, Salah E. Zoorob, and Morris De Beer. "A study of crumb rubber modified bitumen used in South Africa." Road Materials and Pavement Design 15, no. 4 (May 6, 2014): 774–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2014.910130.

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Loderer, C., M. N. Partl, and L. D. Poulikakos. "Effect of crumb rubber production technology on performance of modified bitumen." Construction and Building Materials 191 (December 2018): 1159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.046.

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Divya, P. S., C. S. Gideon, and J. Murali Krishnan. "Influence of the Type of Binder and Crumb Rubber on the Creep and Recovery of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 25, no. 4 (April 2013): 438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000608.

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Gallego, Juan, Ana María Rodríguez-Alloza, and Rebeca Antón. "Influence of the Naphthenic-Aromatic Content of the Base Binder on the Characteristics of Crumb Rubber Modified Binders and Asphalt Mixtures." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143927.

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The extent of rubber-bitumen interaction in crumb rubber modified (CRM) binders depends on the contact time of rubber-bitumen as well as the temperature and mixing energy. However, this can vary depending on the composition of the base binders as well as the characteristics of the rubber particles (composition, method of grinding, and size). The present study aims to determine the influence of the composition of the base binders and the type of rubber on the properties of the crumb-rubber modified (CRM) binders and the performance of the asphalt mixtures produced with them. To carry out this project, two different base binders were chosen with the same penetration grade but different naphthenic-aromatic content (56.7 versus 46.0%). Additionally, different types of ambient ground rubber powder were evaluated: two different sources (70% of truck tyres +30% of passenger car tyres and 100% of truck tyres) and two different maximum particle sizes (0.8 and 1.25 mm). According to the main results of this study, higher naphthenic-aromatic content of the base binder results in greater modification of the CRM binders. Likewise, asphalt mixtures made with CRM binders from base binder with higher naphthenic-aromatic content appear to offer better performance in terms of water resistance and fatigue life.

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Ola, B. T., and H. Mohammed. "Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Crumb Rubber on Selected Properties of Asphaltic Concrete." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i1.2.

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This study investigated the combined effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and crumb rubber (CR) as modifiers on some properties of asphaltic concrete. Asphaltic concrete materials were obtained from a construction site. CR of 9.5 mm size was obtained by sieving, while PET bottles were collected, sorted, washed, dried and shredded by mechanical means. The physical properties of these materials were determined following standard procedure. Bitumen was modified by wet process with PET and characterised. Asphaltic concrete samples with partial replacement of coarse aggregate in the mix with CR were prepared. Samples without modifiers were also prepared as control. These were subjected to Marshall Stability test. The percentage variation for stability and flow between the control and the modified mixes, were 27 % and 0.29 % respectively, while those of the volumetric properties of bulk density, voids filled bitumen (VFB), air voids (VA) and voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) were 0 %, - 0.13 %, 0 % and 0 % respectively. It was concluded that, there was no difference between the flow and volumetric properties of the control and modified mixes. Keywords: Polyethylene terephthalate, crumb rubber, asphaltic concrete, stability, flow, volumetric parameters

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Lwin, Moe Aung, and Handojo Djati Utomo. "Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen in Open Graded Wearing Course of Flexible Pavement." Open Journal of Civil Engineering 07, no. 02 (2017): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2017.72010.

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Ghasemi, Mojtaba, and Seyed Morteza Marandi. "Performance improvement of a crumb rubber modified bitumen using recycled glass powder." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 14, no. 11 (November 2013): 805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.a1300053.

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González, V., F. J. Martínez-Boza, F. J. Navarro, C. Gallegos, A. Pérez-Lepe, and A. Páez. "Thermomechanical properties of bitumen modified with crumb tire rubber and polymeric additives." Fuel Processing Technology 91, no. 9 (September 2010): 1033–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.03.009.

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Jamal, Muhammad, and Filippo Giustozzi. "Low-content crumb rubber modified bitumen for improving Australian local roads condition." Journal of Cleaner Production 271 (October 2020): 122484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122484.

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Memon, Naeem Aziz, Nur Izzi Md Yusoff, Syed Faraz Jafri, and Khawaja Sheeraz. "Rheological Findings on Storage Stability for Chemically Dispersed Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Construction and Building Materials 305 (October 2021): 124768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124768.

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Gordeeva, I. V., Yu A. Naumova, T. V. Dudareva, I. A. Krasotkina, and V. G. Nikol'skiy. "COMPOSITE MODIFICATOR OF ASPHALT-CONCRETE OBTAINED BY THE METHOD OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SHEAR-INDUCED GRINDING OF CRUMB RUBBER AND SBS THERMOELASTOPLAST." Fine Chemical Technologies 13, no. 5 (October 28, 2018): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2018-13-5-38-48.

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The mandatory requirement for creating high-quality asphalt concrete is the modification of the bituminous binder. Either polymers, typically SBS, or crushed vulcanizates are usually used as modifiers. Using the polymer modifier has a number of disadvantages: the poor compatibility of polymers with bitumen, the stratification of the modified binder during transportation and storage, the coalescence of the dispersed phase particles at the coating laying temperatures. The use of crushed vulcanizate as a modifier is limited due to the complexity of obtaining a particle with a micro-size and complex surface organization. By now a binary mixed powder "Polyepor-RP" based on rubber crumb and butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer has been developed and obtained. It combines the advantages of both types of initial constituents and eliminates their shortcomings. The hybrid modifier is obtained by the method of high-temperature shear grinding. In addition, thanks to the use of modern rotary dispersants, the resulting hybrid modifier can be introduced into the asphalt mixture by uniformly loading it into the mixer at the closing stage of mixing, bypassing the long and energy-consuming stage of preparing the modified bituminous binder. The paper describes the comparative analysis of the rheological properties of four types of asphalt binders in accordance with the American testing system "SuperРave": unmodified bitumen of BND 60/90 grade; polymer-bitumen binder; bitumen modified with active rubber powder brand "Polyepor-A" and active binary powder brand "Polyepor-RP". It is established that the introduction of modifiers "Polyepor-A" and "Polyepor-RP" increases the resistance of asphalt pavement to the formation of ruts and increases the resistance to fatigue cracking. The introduction of the butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer into bitumen has a positive effect only on the resistance to rutting. Using a hybrid modifier it is possible to obtain a rubberpolymer binder characterized by higher stability, resistant to delamination and phase separation, which will increase the durability of coatings

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., Ramprasad D. S. "COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLAIN AND CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIED BITUMEN." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 13 (November 25, 2013): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0213038.

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Wang, Haopeng, Hong Zhang, Xueyan Liu, Athanasios Skarpas, Sandra Erkens, and Zhen Leng. "Micromechanics-based complex modulus prediction of crumb rubber modified bitumen considering interparticle interactions." Road Materials and Pavement Design 22, sup1 (March 25, 2021): S251—S268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2021.1899965.

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Rodríguez-Fernández, Israel, Maria Chiara Cavalli, Lily Poulikakos, and Moises Bueno. "Recyclability of Asphalt Mixtures with Crumb Rubber Incorporated by Dry Process: A Laboratory Investigation." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 2870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122870.

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Semi-Dense Asphalt (SDA) mixtures are nowadays recommended for the surface layer of low noise roads in urban areas due to their optimal functional characteristics. Moreover, the use of polymer-modified bitumen (PmB) in its design results in high mechanical performance. However, this type of highly modified bitumen implies significant economic and environmental disadvantages. The polymer modification increases the production cost, involves higher mixing temperatures, and makes the recycling process of the asphalt mixtures challenging. As a potential alternative to PmB in SDA mixtures, this experimental work analyses the dry process for the incorporation of crumb rubber (CR) from waste tires. Particularly, the main objective was to study the aging effect and the recyclability of asphalt mixtures prepared in the laboratory with two different types of CR. The volumetric properties and mechanical performance of the mixtures artificially aged and rejuvenated were evaluated. The results obtained show that mixtures with CR have adequate performance, being less susceptible to aging than a conventional polymer-modified mixture. Furthermore, the rheological response of asphalt binder samples recovered from the mixtures at different aging states was analyzed. It was observed that the effect of the rejuvenator depended on the CR type, but this fact did not negatively influence the performance of the recycled mixtures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Crumb Rubber modified Bitumen (CRmB)'

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