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Journal articles on the topic 'Crumb rubber modifier (CRM)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mashaan, Nuha Salim, Asim Hassan Ali, Mohamed Rehan Karim, and Mahrez Abdelaziz. "A Review on Using Crumb Rubber in Reinforcement of Asphalt Pavement." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/214612.

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An immense problem affecting environmental pollution is the increase of waste tyre vehicles. In an attempt to decrease the magnitude of this issue, crumb rubber modifier (CRM) obtained from waste tyre rubber has gained interest in asphalt reinforcement. The use of crumb rubber in the reinforcement of asphalt is considered as a smart solution for sustainable development by reusing waste materials, and it is believed that crumb rubber modifier (CRM) could be an alternative polymer material in improving hot mix asphalt performance properties. In this paper, a critical review on the use of crumb r

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2

Mohammadi, Iman, and Hadi Khabbaz. "Challenges Associated with Optimisation of Blending, Mixing and Compaction Temperature for Asphalt Mixture Modified with Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1837.

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The use of modified asphalt binders has become much more common over the past two decades. Many types of modifier have been used in paving asphalts to enhance the performance of asphalt pavements in a wide range of climates and loading conditions. Among various asphalts binder modifiers, the recycled crumb rubber has been used very successfully for many years. Generally in production of CRM binder, mixing and compaction temperature is determined by measuring of binder viscosity. The ordinary method used for viscosity measurement of unmodified binder leads to a very high Mixing and Compaction T

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3

Li, Bo, Xuwei Zhu, Xingjun Zhang, Xiaolong Yang, and Xiuli Su. "Surface area and microstructure of microwave activated crumb rubber modifier and its influence on high temperature properties of crumb rubber modifier binders." Materials Express 10, no. 2 (2020): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2020.1634.

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Crumb rubber pretreatment by microwave before blending with an asphalt matrix can address and improve the modification problem of of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) asphalt plant. In this research, the surface area and microstructure of microwave activated CRM and high-temperature performance of CRM asphalt were investigated to characterize the mechanism of interaction between activated CRM blends added and base asphalt. The surface area and microstructure of CRM were measured by gas adsorption method and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively when CRM was activated using microwave tr

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Hemmati, Navid, Shyaamkrishnan Vigneswaran, Mithil Mazumder, Moon-Sup Lee, and Soon-Jae Lee. "Laboratory Assessment of Modified Asphalt Binders Using Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) and Processed Oil." Construction Materials 3, no. 1 (2023): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater3010007.

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The study examines the effects of modifying PG 64-22 asphalt binder with Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) and processed oil on its properties. The binder was tested at different temperatures, and different amounts of CRM and processed oil were added to the binder. The modified binders were also aged using different procedures. The study found that adding processed oil to CRM-modified binders reduces viscosity and improves workability, while CRM improves the rutting resistance. However, the addition of processed oil reduces the binder’s rutting performance. The study also found that CRM and processe

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5

Vigneswaran, Shyaamkrishnan, Jihyeon Yun, Moon-Sup Lee, and Soon-Jae Lee. "Effect of Kaolinite and Cloisite Na+ on Storage Stability of Rubberized Binders." Materials 16, no. 11 (2023): 3902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16113902.

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This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a two-step modification process involving kaolinite and cloisite Na+ on the storage stability of rubberized binders. The process involved the manual combination of virgin binder PG 64-22 with crumb rubber modifier (CRM), which was heated to condition it. The preconditioned rubberized binder was then modified for two hours at a high speed of 8000 rpm using wet mixing. The second stage modification was performed in two parts, with part 1 using only crumb rubber as the modifier and part 2 involving the use of kaolinite and montmorillonite nano clays at a

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6

Zainal, S. M. Iqbal S., Debbie Mattius, Zulhelmi Baba, Ahmad Nurfaidhi Rizalman, and Farzad Hejazi. "Improving the Performance of Lightweight Crumb Rubber Mortar Using Synthetic, Natural, and Hybrid Fiber Reinforcements." Fibers 11, no. 1 (2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib11010009.

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The global market for tires is ever-growing, and partially replacing sand with crumb rubber (CR) as fine aggregates in concrete could reduce environmental pollution. However, the main barrier to the complete usage of recycled tire crumbs in construction is the deterioration effect of CR on the mechanical properties of cement-based composites. Therefore, this paper attempts to improve the fresh and hardened properties of crumb rubber mortar (CRM) by incorporating polypropylene-polyethylene synthetic fibers with coconut and kenaf natural fibers as reinforcements. A total of 18 mix designs were d

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Li, Bo, Hao Li, Yongzheng Wei, Xingjun Zhang, Dingbang Wei, and Jia Li. "Microscopic Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide Activated Crumb Rubber and Its Influence on the Rheological Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt." Materials 12, no. 9 (2019): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091434.

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Crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt binder has been affirmed to improve resistance to rutting, moisture susceptibility, low-temperature cracking, and asphalt durability. However, CRM has poor compatibility with asphalt since crumb rubber molecules are vulcanized. The objective of this study was to develop a new method to prepare activated crumb rubber using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution and to explore the rheological properties of H2O2 activated CRM (ACRM) asphalt. Three different percentages of H2O2 solution were used to activate crumb rubber. The surface properties of oxidized rubber wer

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8

Thodesen, Carl, Khaldoun Shatanawi, and Serji Amirkhanian. "Effect of crumb rubber characteristics on crumb rubber modified (CRM) binder viscosity." Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 1 (2009): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.12.007.

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9

Mashaan, Nuha Salim, and Mohamed Rehan Karim. "Evaluation of Permanent Deformation of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Correlation with Dynamic Stiffness and Dynamic Creep." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/981637.

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Today, rapid economic and industrial growth generates increasing amounts of waste materials such as waste tyre rubber. Attempts to inspire a green technology which is more environmentally friendly that can produce economic value are a major consideration in the utilization of waste materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of waste tyre rubber (crumb rubber modifier (CRM)), in stone mastic asphalt (SMA 20) performance. The virgin bitumen (80/100) penetration grade was used, modified with crumb rubber at four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by weigh

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10

Ragab, Mohyeldin, and Magdy Abdelrahman. "Investigation of the Physical and Molecular Properties of Asphalt Binders Processed with Used Motor Oils." Journal of Materials 2015 (December 21, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/632534.

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In this work we investigated the performance aspects of addition of used motor oils (UMO) to neat and crumb rubber modified asphalts (CRMA) and related that to the change of molecular size distribution of modified asphalt’s fractions; asphaltenes, saturates, naphthene aromatics, and polar aromatics. Based on the results of temperature sweep viscoelastic tests, addition of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) alone or with UMO results in the formation of internal network within the modified asphalt. Based on the results of short and long term aged asphalts, the utilization of combination of UMO and CRM

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11

Deef-Allah, Eslam, Magdy Abdelrahman, Mark Fitch, Mohyeldin Ragab, Mousumi Bose, and Xiaolong He. "Balancing the Performance and Environmental Concerns of Used Motor Oil as Rejuvenator in Asphalt Mixes." Recycling 4, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4010011.

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Road deterioration inspires researchers to enhance the properties of asphalt binder for better performing mixes. Recycled tire rubber, or crumb rubber modifier (CRM), and used motor oil (UMO) are two modifiers that enhance asphalt binder performance through two different mechanisms. CRM affects high-temperature properties while UMO modifies low-temperature properties. Potential environmental concerns arising from the use of UMO have been raised in the literature. In this paper, the two recycled materials were investigated for their ability to complement each other. Both performance benefits of

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12

Madapati, Raghu Ram, K. Wayne Lee, Francis J. Manning, and Colin A. Franco. "Feasibility of Crumb Rubber Use for Asphalt Pavement Construction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1530, no. 1 (1996): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153000109.

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There are two processes of adding crumb rubber modifier (CRM) to hot mix asphalt (HMA), that is, the wet process and the dry process; and different technologies are available for each process. On the basis of the results of the binder study and producer's practices, HMA specimens were prepared using two selected AR binders with Producer R and A CRMs for Rhode Island (RI) dense-graded and dense-graded friction course (DGFC) mixtures, respectively. Aggregates procured from four local asphalt contractors were used. In addition, gap-graded HMA specimens were prepared with 3 percent CRM and control

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13

Cao, Wei Dong, Shu Tang Liu, Xin Zhuang Cui, and Xiao Qing Yu. "Effect of Crumb Rubber Particle Size and Content on Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified (CRM) Asphalt." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.955.

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Effects of crumb rubber of different particle sizes (20mesh, 40mesh, 60mesh, 80mesh and120mesh) and contents (10%, 15% and 20% by weight of the total of CRM asphalt) on the properties of CRM asphalt and change rule of performance of CRM asphalt with reaction temperature and time were studied in laboratory. The results indicate that CRM asphalt has the best performance when the particle size of crumb rubber used is 80 mesh and the content is 15%. The performance of CRM asphalt is strongly depended on reaction temperature and time. When reaction temperature is higher than 200°C and time more tha

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14

Hashimi, Sayed Naqibullah, Suhrab Ahadi, Hakan Aslan, and Zeliha Cagla Kuyumcu. "Investigation of the effect of Crumb Rubber Additive on the Fracture of characteristics of asphalt mixtures in control and asphalt rubber mixtures." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (2020): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.127.

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The failure of cracking is one of the main concerns regarding the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Since the characteristic of the materials of the mixtures has impact on their cracking potential, the main conception of this research is to evaluate the effect of the type of size and additive percentage of crumb rubber modified (CRM) on the resistance of mixtures to crack at mid and low temperatures. For this purpose, rubber bitumen containing 10% and 15% crumb rubber with fine and coarse sizes with wet process was prepared. Asphalt mixtures with dense and gap grading were designed by usin

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15

Brown, Dan R., David Jared, Chris Jones, and Don Watson. "Georgia’s Experience With Crumb Rubber in Hot-Mix Asphalt." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1583, no. 1 (1997): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1583-06.

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In 1991, the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) began to evaluate the production and placement of crumb rubber hot-mix asphalt. The crumb rubber mix (CRM) used by GDOT was produced by adding ground tire rubber to hot-mix asphalt using the wet process. A test section of CRM was placed on I-75 in Henry County, just south of Atlanta, consisting of a surface mix containing 6 percent crumb rubber by weight of asphalt cement (AC). The test section was evaluated from 1991 to 1995. The test section indicated that the CRM became very brittle over time, as indicated by a large increase in visco

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16

Shen, Junan, Bo Li, and Zhaoxing Xie. "Interaction between crumb rubber modifier (CRM) and asphalt binder in dry process." Construction and Building Materials 149 (September 2017): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.191.

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17

Hodasova, Katarina, Maria Trojanova, and Andrej Rubint. "Research on the Long-Term Acoustic Efficiency of Asphalt Mixtures Using CRM in Test Sections of Slovak Roads." Civil and Environmental Engineering 19, no. 2 (2023): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2023-0053.

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Abstract The article presents the possibilities of utilizing waste from the automotive industry, namely old tires, in constructing pavements. The application of shredded rubber creates conditions for devulcanization, which improves the rheological properties of the binder and ensures its better dissolution in asphalt. The focus is on assessing the condition of the pavement surface, measuring the noise level in the vicinity of the road, and quantifying and evaluating the cost of implementing an asphalt pavement design with a crumb rubber modifier (CRM). A visual inspection was performed after 6

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18

Ren, Zhibin, Yongqiang Zhu, Qi Wu, et al. "Enhanced Storage Stability of Different Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders through Nano-Montmorillonite Modification." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (2020): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040641.

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The storage stability concern, caused by phase separation for the density difference between polymers and asphalt fractions, has limited the widespread application of polymer modified asphalt (PMA). Therefore, this study aims to improve the storage concern of PMA by incorporating nano-montmorillonite. To this end, different nano-montmorillonites were incorporated to three PMAs modified with three typical asphalt modifiers, i.e., crumb rubber (CRM), styrene–butadiene-rubber (SBR) and styrene–butadiene-styrene (SBS). A series of laboratory tests were performed to evaluate the storage stability a

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19

Mashaan, Nuha Salim, Asim H. Ali, Suhana Koting, and Mohamed Rehan Karim. "Performance Evaluation of Crumb Rubber Modified Stone Mastic Asphalt Pavement in Malaysia." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/304676.

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To prevent pavement distresses there are various solutions such as adopting new mix designs or utilisation of asphalt additives. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding crumb tyre rubber as an additive to SMA mixture performance properties. This study investigated the essential aspects of modified asphalt mixtures in order to better understand the influence of CRM modifiers on volumetric, mechanical, and stiffness properties of SMA mixture. In this study, virgin bitumen 80/100 penetration grade was used, modified with crumb rubber (CRM) at five different modificat

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20

Xiaoming, Huang, and Ismail Bakheit Eldouma. "Experimental Study to Determine the Most Preferred Additive for Improving Asphalt Performance Using Polypropylene, Crumb Rubber, and Tafpack Super in Medium and High-Temperature Range." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (2019): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081567.

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The overall objectives of this study were to determine the most appropriate additive for improving the physical properties and the medium- and high-temperature performances (mechanical performance) of asphalt binders. Three different types of modified binders were prepared: crumb rubber modifier (CRM), polypropylene (PP), and tafpack super (TPS), which had concentrations of 2%, 3%, 3.5%, and 4% by weight of asphalt binder, for each modifier. Their physical and rheological properties were evaluated by applying various tests such as ductility, rotational viscosity, toughness, and tenacity, as we

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21

Kim, Jong R. "Characteristics of crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt concrete." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 5, no. 2 (2001): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02829071.

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22

Stroup-Gardiner, Mary, Bruce Chadbourn, and David E. Newcomb. "Babbitt, Minnesota: Case Study of Pretreated Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Concrete." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1530, no. 1 (1996): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153000105.

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A 2.38-mm (No. 10) mesh crumb rubber from waste passenger tires was pretreated with a low-viscosity petroleum-based product and used as an aggregate replacement in asphalt concrete mixtures. The preconstruction testing consisted of the development of an appropriate aggregate gradation, mix design information, and fundamental mixture properties such as temperature susceptibility, moisture sensitivity, low temperature behavior, and permanent deformation characteristics. Five crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt concrete plus two control test sections were placed in Babbitt, Minnesota, in the fall

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23

Dong, Yu Ming, and Yi Qiu Tan. "Laboratory Evaluation on Performance of Crumb Rubber SMA." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1749.

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Crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt with crumb rubber of scrap tire has higher viscosity, better flexibility, outstanding anti-fatiguing and anti-aging properties. This paper mainly investigated material design and performance evaluation of CRM asphalt SMA mixture. Brookfield Viscosity test is used to ascertain the adoption of fiber in CR-SMA. Because of resilient volume swelling of asphalt rubber mortar, gap-coarse grade must be adopted in asphalt rubber concrete to provide enough free space. This paper amends material composition and grade proportions range of adapted CR-SMA depending on the

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Troy, Kenneth, Peter E. Sebaaly, and Jon A. Epps. "Evaluation Systems for Crumb Rubber Modified Binders and Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1530, no. 1 (1996): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153000101.

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The use of crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt mixtures has been increasing steadily. The reasons for this increase in use are twofold: the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 mandate and the potential of better performance. The technology of testing, design, and evaluation of CRM binders and mixtures has not yet caught up. Therefore, there is a need for establishing standard procedures for the design and evaluation of CRM mixtures. The outcome of a recent research project sponsored by the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) is presented. The binder testing system c

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Shen, Junan, and Serji Amirkhanian. "The influence of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) microstructures on the high temperature properties of CRM binders." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 6, no. 4 (2005): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298430500373336.

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26

Baumgardner, Gaylon, and John A. D'Angelo. "Evaluation of New Dynamic Shear Rheometer Testing Geometry for Performance Testing of Crumb Rubber–Modified Binder." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2293, no. 1 (2012): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2293-09.

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Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) has been used for many years in asphalt binder to provide improved field performance. Historically the increase in viscosity of CRM binder was measured with crude vane viscometers to quantify binder performance characteristics. The Superpave® system introduced far more accurate tools in the asphalt binder testing system to measure performance characteristics. As a result of testing geometry limitations, Superpave binder tests, specifically high-temperature testing, have generally not been applicable in testing CRM binders. This inability to test the material fully h

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Liang, Robert Y., and Suckhong Lee. "Short-Term and Long-Term Aging Behavior of Rubber Modified Asphalt Paving Mixture." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1530, no. 1 (1996): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153000102.

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Aging of asphalt has been an important subject area that has received extensive studies in recent years. Test results of short-term and long-term aging behavior of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) modified asphalt paving materials are presented. Eighteen combinations of CRM modified binders in terms of CRM size, CRM content, and base asphalt cement grade were studied by Brookfield viscometer test and dynamic shear rheometer test. The short-term aged binders were prepared using thin film oven test. Viscosity was measured at 350°F in the Brookfield thermosel after mixing at 375°F for 2 hr. The test r

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Gallego, Juan, Ana María Rodríguez-Alloza, and Rebeca Antón. "Influence of the Naphthenic-Aromatic Content of the Base Binder on the Characteristics of Crumb Rubber Modified Binders and Asphalt Mixtures." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143927.

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The extent of rubber-bitumen interaction in crumb rubber modified (CRM) binders depends on the contact time of rubber-bitumen as well as the temperature and mixing energy. However, this can vary depending on the composition of the base binders as well as the characteristics of the rubber particles (composition, method of grinding, and size). The present study aims to determine the influence of the composition of the base binders and the type of rubber on the properties of the crumb-rubber modified (CRM) binders and the performance of the asphalt mixtures produced with them. To carry out this p

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Hemida, Ahmed, and Magdy Abdelrahman. "Influence of Guayule Resin as a Bio-Based Additive on Asphalt–Rubber Binder at Elevated Temperatures." Recycling 4, no. 3 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030038.

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This study seeks to find the influence of replacing a portion of the asphalt–rubber binder with the bio-based material “guayule resin.” This replacement could be beneficial in terms of sustainability, economics, and environmental concerns related to the asphalt industry. Nine asphalt–rubber–guayule binders were investigated to find their rheological properties. Consecutively, the study proceeded with five selected binders being compared to the original asphalt (PG64-22). Investigations underwent whole matrices (crumb rubber modifier (CRM) residue included) and liquid phases (CRM residue extrac

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Yun, Jihyeon, Shyaamkrishnan Vigneswaran, Moon-Sup Lee, Pangil Choi, and Soon-Jae Lee. "Effect of Blending and Curing Conditions on the Storage Stability of Rubberized Asphalt Binders." Materials 16, no. 3 (2023): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16030978.

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Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) binders easily suffer from instability at high temperatures, with many suggestions being developed to evaluate their storage stability. However, much uncertainty around CRM binders still exists regarding the relationship between mixing methods and experiments in order to calculate the separation index. In this study, a laboratory investigation into how CRM binders behave regarding storage stability using different mixing methods and experiments was conducted. The CRM asphalt binder in this study was prepared through a wet mixing process with the addition of 5% and 1

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Wang, Lili, Xinsheng Li, Junan Shen, Jing Li, and Wei Wang. "Aging Characterizations of Modified Asphalt Binders Based on Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR)." Materials 15, no. 22 (2022): 8224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228224.

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Styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) and crumb rubber modifier (CRM) are commonly used modifiers to modify asphalt binders. The aging of modified asphalt binders is an important factor affecting their performance. In this paper, the effects of the two modifiers (i.e., SBS, CRM) on the aging of modified asphalt binders were studied by using low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology and dynamic shear rheological (DSR) tests. Test results showed that when T2, a parameter of relaxation time from NMR test, was within 2.2 milliseconds, the relaxation peak of both modified a

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Lee, Jong-Sub, Sang-Yum Lee, Yoon-Shin Bae, and Tri Ho Minh Le. "Development of Pavement Material Using Crumb Rubber Modifier and Graphite Nanoplatelet for Pellet Asphalt Production." Polymers 15, no. 3 (2023): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030727.

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The purpose of this research was to promote the recycling of pellet asphalt with Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) and Graphite Nanoplatelet (GNP) in pothole restoration. In this study, several laboratory tests were carried out on mixes containing CRM content ratios of 5%, 10%, and 20% and GNP content of 3% and 6% in order to identify the ideal mixing ratio of pellet-type asphalt paving materials. The Marshall stability test, the Hamburg wheel tracking test, and the dynamic modulus test were all performed to compare the effectiveness of the proposed method and heated asphalt combinations. Afterward,

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Qin, Jun-Ling, Wei-Guo Qiao, Deng-Ge Lin, Shuai Zhang, and Ji-Yao Wang. "Mechanical Properties and Numerical Analyses of Basalt Fiber Crumb Rubber Mortars in Soft Rock Roadways." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (August 14, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5159094.

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The strength of crumb rubber mortars can be improved by the addition of basalt fibers. However, limited studies have been conducted on basalt fiber crumb rubber mortars (BF-CRM), and the constitutive model is still very immature. In this paper, uniaxial compressive stress-strain curves are obtained for several groups of BF-CRM specimens with different contents. By comparison with the GZH model, modified GZH parameters that can be used in a BF-CRM constitutive model are obtained. Then, taking the support scheme of the main substation of a mine as the background, FLAC3D is used to simulate the r

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MacLeod, Daryl, Susanna Ho, Ryan Wirth, and Ludo Zanzotto. "Study of crumb rubber materials as paving asphalt modifiers." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 10 (2007): 1276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-056.

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Waste tire crumb rubber materials (CRM) were used to modify paving asphalts. The mixing time, hot-storage stability, Superpave grades, pumping and handling properties, phase separation tests, and repeated creep properties of the modified asphalts were studied using base asphalts of different hardness. Applying the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program and the Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) model, optimal levels of CRM and suitable base asphalts were selected for the climatic conditions of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. High-temperature grade bumping protocol, regarding traffi

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Vigneswaran, Shyaamkrishnan, Jihyeon Yun, Moon-Sup Lee, and Soon-Jae Lee. "Optimizing Asphalt Binder Performance: The Synergistic Impact of Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM)." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156725.

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This research investigates the synergistic impact of Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) on the performance characteristics of PG 64-22 asphalt binder. Employing Superpave test analysis and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) testing, our study reveals that the incorporation of TLA significantly elevates the viscosity of the binder due to its high asphaltene content. This viscosity enhancement translates to increased stiffness and durability of the asphalt binder. Furthermore, CRM contributes to improved elasticity and deformation resistance, counterbalancing the stif

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Yu, Jiangmiao, Zhibin Ren, Huayang Yu, et al. "Modification of Asphalt Rubber with Nanoclay towards Enhanced Storage Stability." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112093.

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Asphalt rubber (AR), which is prepared by blending crumb rubber and bitumen, provides various advantages, including superior rutting resistance, lower road-tire noise and longer service life. However, contractors have expressed concerns regarding its poor storage stability, which in turn limits its wider application. This study aims to address the storage stability concern by incorporating nano-montmorillonite (nanoclay). Three types of nanoclay were dispersed into hot AR binder by high shear blending. The rheological properties of nanoclay-crumb rubber modifier (CRM)-modified bitumen were eva

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Cooper, Samuel, Saman Salari, and David Mata. "Evaluation of Crumb Rubber Modification on Specification Compliance of Asphalt Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 3 (2019): 540–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119834556.

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Since 2008, the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LaDOTD) has allowed the use of crumb rubber modification (CRM) as per the specifications. However, the introduction of CRM has presented unique challenges during design and production. LaDOTD districts have reported early cracking for dense-graded mixtures. Adhesion and stability issues have been reported for open-graded friction course (OGFC) and stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures. Currently, LaDOTD specifications allow the contractor to switch asphalt cement supplies without redesigning the mixture. This study evaluated

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Yun, Jihyeon, Shyaamkrishnan Vigneswaran, Moon-Sup Lee, and Soon-Jae Lee. "A Laboratory Investigation Regarding Storage Stability of the CRM-Modified Bitumen—CRM Processing Method (Untreated vs. Treated)." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (2023): 10825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410825.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the phase separation that occurs between treated and untreated rubber crumb particles produced by wet processes in the laboratory. The percentage of replacement used for both the treated and untreated crumb rubber-modified asphalt (CRMA) was 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Tests to evaluate binder properties were performed using a rotational viscometer and a DSR, and the following properties were determined—viscosity, G*/sinδ, % recovery, and Jnr. The phase separation study was analyzed using the viscosity and G*/sinδ results. In general, the results of the study sho

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Chen, Hao, Shao Peng Wu, Gang Liu, and Yong Jie Xue. "The Rheological Properties of Crumb Rubber with Different Recycled Waste Tires Modified Binders." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.1045.

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In this study, three typical tires from bicycles, passenger-cars and trucks were collected and ground into crumb rubber modifiers (CRM) with different particle sizes to modify the asphalt binder. The composition and surface morphology of the three CRMs were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological properties of the binder were evaluated using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and a bending rheometer (BBR). The results show that the main rubber compositions in the bicycle tire (B), the passenger tire (P) and the truck tire (T) are buty

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Hossain, Mustaque, Affan Habib, and Todd M. Latorella. "Structural Layer Coefficients of Crumb Rubber–Modified Asphalt Concrete Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1583, no. 1 (1997): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1583-08.

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Structural layer coefficients for crumb rubber–modified (CRM) asphalt concrete mixtures were developed from the backcalculated moduli values using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test results on in situ pavements. Several test sections of recently built crumb rubber–modified pavements on three routes in Kansas (I-135, K-32 and US-56) were selected for this study. I-135 is a newly built asphalt pavement and the other two are gap-graded CRM overlays. Deflection data were collected with a Dynatest 8000 FWD at 21 locations at 7.5-m intervals on each test section on I-135, 22 locations on K-

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Kim, Hyun Hwan, and Soon-Jae Lee. "Evaluation of rubber influence on cracking resistance of crumb rubber modified binders with wax additives." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 4 (2016): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0510.

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Cracking properties of crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt binders containing wax additive were evaluated through the dynamic shear rheometer test at 25 °C and the bending beam rheometer test at −12 °C. The CRM binders were produced using three rubber contents of 5%, 10%, and 15% by the binder weight, and then mixed with two commercial wax additives of LEADCAP and Sasobit. Three states of original, short-term and long-term aging were applied to evaluate the cracking properties using rolling thin film oven and pressure aging vessel. From the results, it is concluded that (1) the increase of rub

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Mashaan, Nuha Salim, Asim H. Ali, Suhana Koting, and Mohamed Rehan Karim. "Dynamic Properties and Fatigue Life of Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with Waste Tyre Rubber." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/319259.

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Today, virgin polymer modified asphalt mixes are comparatively more expensive for road pavement. One way to reduce the expense of such construction and to make it more convenient is the application of inexpensive polymer, such as waste polymer. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding waste tyre rubber (crumb rubber modifier (CRM)) on the stiffness and fatigue properties of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures. Various percentages of waste CRM with size of 0.60 mm were added to SMA mixtures. Indirect tensile stiffness modulus test was conducted at temperatures of 5,

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Yun, Jihyeon, Shyaamkrishnan Vigneswaran, Hyunhwan Kim, Moon-Sup Lee, and Soon-Jae Lee. "Laboratory Evaluation of Storage Stability for Asphalt Binder Modified with Crumb Rubber and Styrene–Isoprene–Styrene Depending on Evaluation Factors and Blending Condition." Materials 17, no. 9 (2024): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17092091.

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Modified asphalt binders are still considered important in asphalt pavement. However, the comprehensive use of various modifiers is limited due to storage stability issues. Moreover, there is a scarcity of detailed analyses regarding the degree of separation for asphalt binders among each method despite the utilization of various methods to assess the storage stability of binders. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess the storage stability of asphalt binder modified with a crumb rubber modifier (CRM) and styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS), utilizing five evaluation factors fo

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Dong, Yu Ming, and Yi Qiu Tan. "Laboratory Study on Properties of Tire Crumb Rubber Modified Bituminous Mixture." Advanced Engineering Forum 5 (July 2012): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.5.219.

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Abstract: This paper investigates the laboratory properties of tire crumb rubber modified (CRM) bitumen mixture. Two types of mixtures containing two binders (pen90 bitumen; CRM bitumen) were used to produce Marshall Sample and determine optimum content. Mechanical performances of bituminous mixtures were evaluated by Chinese wheel rutting test (WRT), 3point beam bending test (3P-BBT) at low temperature, indirect tensile Strength test (ITST) at freezing-thawing cycles. Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) specimens also were prepared for modulus test. Resilient modulus (E) data were obtained by

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Vigneswaran, Shyaamkrishnan, Jihyeon Yun, Moon-Sup Lee, Kyu-Dong Jeong, and Soon-Jae Lee. "Revolutionizing Roadways: High-Performance Warm Mix Asphalt Binder with Trinidad Lake Asphalt and Recycled Tire Rubber." Applied Sciences 14, no. 16 (2024): 7211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14167211.

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This study investigates the transformative effects of incorporating Trinidad Lake asphalt (TLA), crumb rubber modifier (CRM), and the warm mix additive leadcap (LC) into petroleum-based asphalt binder PG 64-22. Our results show that LC significantly reduces binder viscosity, leading to easier application and lower energy consumption, especially when combined with TLA and CRM. The addition of TLA and CRM enhances rutting resistance, with notable improvements in both pre- and post-aging conditions, particularly in formulations combining PG 64-22, 20% TLA, and 10% CRM. These formulations exhibit

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Shen, Junan, Serji Amirkhanian, Feipeng Xiao, and Boming Tang. "Surface area of crumb rubber modifier and its influence on high-temperature viscosity of CRM binders." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 10, no. 5 (2009): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298430802342757.

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Lushinga, Nonde, Liping Cao, Zejiao Dong, Chen Yang, and Cyriaque O. Assogba. "Performance Evaluation of Crumb Rubber Asphalt Modified with Silicone-Based Warm Mix Additives." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 30, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4840825.

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This research was conducted to elucidate better understanding of the performance of crumb rubber asphalt modified with silicone-based warm mix additives. Two different silicone-based warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives (herein Tego XP and Addibit) were used to prepare crumb rubber modified (CRM) warm mix asphalt binders. The viscosity of these CRM binders was measured at different temperatures and shearing rates. Furthermore, softening point and penetration tests, Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), Time Sweep (TS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Frequency sweep (FS), and Fourier Transform Inf

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Akisetty, Chandra K., Tejash Gandhi, Soon-Jae Lee, and Serji N. Amirkhanian. "Analysis of rheological properties of rubberized binders containing warm asphalt additives." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 5 (2010): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-020.

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The main objective of using warm mix asphalt (WMA) is to reduce emissions and improve the workability by lowering the mixing and compaction temperatures of asphalt mixes through different mechanisms. Since warm asphalt is a relatively new technology, not much research has been conducted on various mix compositions. While some of the concerns about WMA have been addressed, the interaction of warm mix additives with modified binders, especially crumb rubber modified (CRM) binder, is not known in great detail. This paper presents the data on rheological tests conducted on rubberized binders conta

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Mashaan, Nuha Salim, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Mahrez Abdel Aziz, Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim, Herda Yati Katman, and Suhana Koting. "Evaluation of Fatigue Life of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Relationship to Dynamic Stiffness." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/968075.

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Fatigue cracking is an essential problem of asphalt concrete that contributes to pavement damage. Although stone matrix asphalt (SMA) has significantly provided resistance to rutting failure, its resistance to fatigue failure is yet to be fully addressed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on stiffness and fatigue properties of SMA mixtures at optimum binder content, using four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% CRM by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the dynamic stiffness (indirect t

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Lee, Soon-Jae, Hakseo Kim, Chandra K. Akisetty, and Serji N. Amirkhanian. "Laboratory characterization of recycled crumb-rubber-modified asphalt mixture after extended aging." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 11 (2008): 1308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-079.

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This paper presents a limited study that characterizes the recycling of artificially aged crumb-rubber modified (CRM) mixtures depending on their recycling percentage and aggregate type. Eight mixtures [six recycled mixtures containing rubberized reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and two control virgin mixtures] were designed and tested. Two types of aggregates were used in this research project. The rubberized RAP used in the study was artificially aged in the laboratory using an accelerated aging processes. The percentages of the RAP, by total weight of the mix, incorporated into the recycled

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