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Journal articles on the topic 'Crumbling angle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Blednykh, V. V., P. G. Svechnikov, and I. P. Troyanovskaya. "Calculation model of technological process of soil crumbling by means of tillage working organs." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 3 (2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66132.

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Working organs being used currently for subsurface tillage do not comply with agrotechnical requirements. In particular, the crumbling of soil layer is unequal across the width of cutting plane of working organ. The scientific hypothesis is that variable cutting angle along the length of blade improves the crumbling of soil layer. The mathematical model of interaction between the soil and a wedge is proposed. As the result, the theoretical dependencies of resistance force of soil to destruction and of thickness of shear layer on the setting angle of tillage tool are obtained. A set of dihedral

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2

Kambulov, S. I., G. G. Parkhomenko, O. S. Babenko, and S. V. Belousov. "Methodology for engineering calculation of working bodies for shallow tillage." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 17, no. 3 (2023): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2023-17-3-67-72.

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This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive determination of parameters and operational modes of the working body, employing mutually agreed dependencies. (Research purpose) The research aims to develop a methodology for calculating parameters and operational modes for a novel shallow tillage working body, considering the required technological process indicators and soil properties. (Materials and methods) A force interaction diagram has been constructed, enabling the establishment of a relationship between working body parameters and soil physical and mechanical properties. This analy

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3

Rudenko, N. E., S. D. Kayvanov, and F. N. Zavyalik. "Speed energy-saving cultivator." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 7 (2016): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66186.

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A-hoe blades consisting of a share and a frog are used as working organs of cultivators. Main characteristics of share are the expansion angle of blades and the crumbling angle. For falling away of cut weed, the expansion angle should not exceed 70 degrees. The higher crumbling angle provides more intensive effect on the soil. There are also negative effects in working process: soil displacement aside, formation of grooves, removal of moist soil to the daylight surface. As far as copying elements of cultivator are separated by a distance from working organs, the variability of operating depth

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4

Syromyatnikov, Yu N., A. F. Mozgovsky, M. N. Kalimullin, et al. "Substantiation of flat blade parameters for soil loosening." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 4 (2022): 042043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/4/042043.

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Abstract Layer-by-layer loosening of soil contributes to an increase in energy consumption for its cultivation. Thus, in order to reduce traction resistance, a blade with a variable crumbling angle has been developed. In the blade stand area, it is proposed to increase crumbling angle of the chisel plow by analogy with working bodies of the chisel plow to 300, and the blade wing should be made in the form of a flat-cutting blade with a small crumbling angle. To substantiate paw profile in the strut zone, a static equation of action of forces has been drawn up depending on curve shape of the fr

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5

Ravshanov, Hamroqul, Farmon M. Maiviatov, and Sherzod Kurbanov. "Improvement of housing with knives crushers for non-tillage technology." E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339001035.

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The paper gives justification of the options of the housing with crumbling knives for non-tillage technology. The dumpless housing with crumbles carries out intensive crumbling of the soil of the lower and middle arable soil layer. The body consists of a ploughshare, a ploughshare expander, knives and a chisel. When determining the parameters of a non-shaft housing based on a ploughshare, adopt a triangular wedge. Analytical dependences for determining the parameters of the components body without shaft are obtained. According conducted theoretical studies, without a tipper is 0. 45 m, entry a

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6

Kambulov, S. I., G. G. Parkhomenko, O. S. Babenko, and I. V. Bozhko. "Influence of the Cultivator Working Body Parameters on the Soil Crumbling Quality." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 16, no. 1 (2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2022-16-1-41-46.

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It was shown that soil is a specific type of natural resource that can be renewed when reasonably cultivated by various tillage methods. It requires the availability of working bodies that meet the qualitative agrotechnical indicators of the technological process. (Research purpose) To improve the design of the working body meeting the qualitative agrotechnical indicators of the shallow tillage technological process. (Materials and methods) The main agrotechnical indicators of the cultivator's working body were determined. (Results and discussion) It was proved that the working bodies develope

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7

Nesmiyan, A. Yu, A. G. Arzhenovsky, and M. Yu Gorenkov. "Pre-experimental assessment of the influence of the approach angle of the working element of a harrow-hoe on the efficiency of impact on the soil." Agricultural Engineering, no. 6 (2024): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2024-6-19-27.

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Soil hoeing is an effective and universal technique included in almost all modern crop production technologies. Improving the harrow-hoes is quite labor-intensive, long-term and costly, which indicates the prospects for modernization based on knowledge of the operating patterns of the units under consideration. The research goal is a pre-experimental study of the influence of the approach angle of the needle-type working 20 ТеХНИКА И ТХНОЛОГИИ АПК Агроинженерия. 2024. Т. 26, № 6. С. 19-27 Несмиян А.Ю., Арженовский А.Г., Горенков М.Ю. Доопытная оценка влияния угла атаки рабочего органа… element

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8

Dusiyorov, J.J., S.G'. Botirov, and A.M. O'ngboyev. "PARAMETERS OF THE OPENING ANGLE OF THE WINGED BLADES IN THE FERTILIZATION SYSTEM OF A CHISEL-CULTIVATOR." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 5 (2025): 594–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15411852.

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Due to ongoing climate change, the demand for water in agriculture is increasing annually, while water scarcity becomes more pronounced. Therefore, every drop of water must be efficiently conserved. Mineral nutrients are applied to improve the reclamation status of saline and gypsiferous soils before leaching them. However, these nutrients often do not reach the root layer of plants. To address this issue, we conducted a study to determine the optimal opening angle of the winged blades in the fertilizer system of a chisel-cultivator.

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9

Radnaev, D. N., B. B. Tsybikov, and D. Ts B. Badmatsyrenov. "Research of the combined sowing working body." Вестник российской сельскохозяйственной науки, no. 3 (December 15, 2023): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/2500-2082/2023/3/98-102.

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Today, the issues of ecology, resource conservation and reduction of production costs in agriculture are associated with the development of combined tillage - sowing machines, which make it possible to reduce a number of technological techniques. Taking into account these factors makes it possible to equip agricultural enterprises with means of mechanization adapted to the specific conditions of their production use. Therefore, a promising direction is the development of universal and combined machines, that is, technical means of mechanization capable of performing several technological opera

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10

Ushakov, Aleksandr E. "Estimation of the operating efficiency of deep loosening soil tillage elements using the rational utilisation factor." Agricultural Engineering, no. 5 (2023): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2023-5-40-45.

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In conditions of increasing production and turnover of agricultural crops, soil degradation associated with wind and water erosion leads to depletion of fertile land and reduction of crop yields. One of the ways to increase the protective capacity of cultivated areas is deep loosening. The development of methods for assessing the efficiency and forecasting the use of tillage elements, taking into account economic, qualitative and agrotechnical requirements is an urgent task. To provide for the rational choice of a tillage element, the authors compared commercially produced domestic and foreign

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11

Erzamaev, Maxim P., Dmitriy S. Sazonov, Evgeniy I. Artamonov, and Nikita M. Erzamaev. "DETERMINATION OF QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF LONGLINE TILLAGE." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 10, no. 1 (2025): 28–33. https://doi.org/10.55170/1997-3225-2025-10-1-28-33.

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The purpose of the study is to improve the quality of the technological process of longline tillage. For deep tillage in many countries, simple and reliable tools with a frame on support wheels and several ripping organs are used. A ripper with a straight or curved rack and a chisel is typical. According to agrotechnical requirements, the top layer of soil is cut off and laid at the bottom of the furrow, then the bottom layer is placed on top. Samara Agrarian University has developed a method of tillage with simultaneous loosening of the lower part and the under-arable layers, followed by a tu

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12

Bozhko, Igor V., Sergey I. Kambulov, Galina G. Parkhomenko, Victor B. Rykov, and Dmitry S. Podlesny. "Justification of Optimal Operating Parameters of the Field Cultivator Tool through Determining Traction Resistance." Engineering Technologies and Systems 34, no. 2 (2024): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.034.202402.213-228.

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Introduction. The technological operation of soil tillage is an energy-intensive preparatory operation. The traction resistance of tillage units has a direct impact on this indicator. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at searching optimal operating parameters for the field cultivator tool through determining the traction resistance created by this tool. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out in the field on an experimental facility using a full factorial experiment technique with a working model based on a three-level design. Results. Through the regression analysis of experimenta

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13

Kotnarowska, Danuta. "Destruction of Epoxy Coatings under the Influence of Climatic Factors." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.581.

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The paper presents investigation results of climatic as well as environmental factors influence on surface state of three-layer epoxy coatings. A three-year investigation documented substantial destruction of coating surface layers. In particular, a significant increase of aged coating surface roughness, evaluated on the basis of Ra and Rz parameters, was observed. Studies made with SEM corroborated a delamination as well as pigment and filler crumbling from surface layers of coatings. In the final period of ageing craters and superficial cracks appeared in the coating structure. Destruction o

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14

Liu, Jinxia, Chao Ma, Qingliang Zeng, and Kuidong Gao. "Discrete Element Simulation of Conical Pick’s Coal Cutting Process under Different Cutting Parameters." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7975141.

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To explore how the cutting parameters affect the conical pick’s cutting force in coal cutting process, some simulation tests were carried with EDEM based on analysis of coal cutting process of conical pick and micro mechanical characteristic of coal particles. In this paper, traction speed, drum angular velocity, and installation angle of conical pick were considered as the main coal cutting parameters. The discrete element simulations were conducted under 7 sets of various cutting parameters, which were determined in the range of empirical parameters. From the results of the simulation tests,

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15

Mirzaev, B., F. Mamatov, U. Kodirov, and X. Shirinboyev. "Study on working bodies of the soil preparation machine for sowing potatoes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939, no. 1 (2021): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012068.

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Abstract The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of the guide knife and the loosening pointed leg of the machine. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. Theoretical studies were carried out to determine the parameters of the guide knife and the loosening pointed leg of the machine. It is established that to ensure the required value of the crest height with minimal energy consumption, the height and length of the guide knife should be 8 and 15 cm, respectively, the angle of the knife blade to the

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16

Syromyatnikov, Yuriy, Aleksandr Kuts, Irina Troyanovskaya, Alexandra Orekhovskaya, Evgeny Tikhonov, and Viktoriia Sokolova. "Transporting Ability Calculation of the Rotor of Soil-Cultivating Loosening and Separating Vehicle." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 25, no. 2 (2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0012.

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Abstract Currently, loosening and separating machines that combine the operations of crumbling and separating of soil according to the treated layer depth have come to the forefront. Interaction of the rotor blade of these machines with the soil comprises three stages: soil core formation; steady movement; and dumping of soil from the separating grid. The article determined the direction and magnitude of soil displacement, parameters and shape of the furrow formed after the ripper passage. Based on theoretical research, a mathematical model of the interaction of working bodies with the soil wa

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17

Kovalev, M. M., V. A. Sheychenko, V. V. Shevchuk, and V. G. Fadeev. "Determination of quality of cultivation by means of soil spiker." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 10 (2016): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66190.

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Studies are carried out with the purpose of increase of soil cultivation quality through the improvement of technological process and design of a soil spiker with variable wedge angle of needles. When rotary needle working organs influence the soil, the following processes take place: the partial soil casting back and aside, soil layer hoeing, clods crumbling, plant remains burial and their extraction from soil, weed destruction and leveling of microrelief roughness. Quality indicators of performance of soil cultivation process by means of experimental section of soil spiker are determined. In

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18

Parkhomenko, G. G., I. V. Bozhko, and A. V. Gromakov. "The rationale for the curvilinear shape of the working body for layered subsurface tillage." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 9 (2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66318.

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The larger the cross-sectional area of the formation can be processed in a single pass, the less energy is needed to carry out the process. The cross-sectional area of the treated formation is determined by the perimeter of the working body. The circle of all figures of equal perimeter has the largest area. It is advisable to make the working organ ring-shaped. When designing a ring on the plane of the smallest cutting force, an ellipse is formed. From the point of view of physical mathematics, the ellipse is the best curve possessing the minimum property. The optimal shape of the working body

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19

Sinaga, Alex, and Adelya I. Manalu. "PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI AMILUM JANTUNG PISANG BATU SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGIKAT TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK TABLET ASAM ASETIL SALISILAT." JIFI (Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Imelda) 4, no. 2 (2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52943/jifarmasi.v4i2.518.

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Tablet dosage form is one of the most widely used pharmaceutical. Acetyl salicylic acid is an anti inflammatory medicine, active substance not heat resistant. Starch as a binder of materials in the manufacture of tablets are hydrophilic because amylopectin starch can absorb most of the water. This study aims to determine the variation of the concentration of starch banana heart of stone as the material of binder on physico-chemical properties acid tablets acetyl salicylic meet the requirements of the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. Based on the explanation above, the research conducted to make four

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20

Kuprin, D. S., and A. S. Polyakov. "The accuracy and reliability of comparative efficiency assessment of portable fire extinguishers used in the process of fire extinguishing of structural components of motor vehicles and automotive finishing." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 2 (2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/pvb.2021.30.02.88-97.

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Introduction. The relevance of this work resides in the need to perform an unbiased comparative assessment of fire extinguishers. The focus must be placed on the efficiency of a fire-fighting agent, as it has a major impact on the process of fire extinguishing. The purpose of this work is to confirm the applicability of a dimensionless efficiency indicator of portable fire extinguishers, assess the measurement accuracy (correctness and precision) and their statistical values.Materials and methods. The co-authors used the methodology specified in GOST R 51057–2001 applicable to the fire extingu

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21

Parhomenko, G. G. "Parametric optimization of the curvilinear working element for layerwise soil-free tillage." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 3 (2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66370.

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For effective functioning in conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening of the south of Russia, tillage machines are developed on the basis of the block-modular construction principle with various working elements with replaceable elements. The possibility of a combination of replaceable elements is incorporated in the design of the working element for layer-by-layer soil-free tillage. This working body is equipped with curved, planar rippers or plastic elements. Qualitative indices of the technological process of layer-by-layer soil-free tillage of the working body with a curvilinear

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22

Nuriev, Lenar, Fanis Yarullin, Sergey Yakhin, Ilfat Aliakberov, and Rail Khusainov. "KINEMATIC ANALYSIS AND SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF A SPIRAL-SCREW WORKING UNIT OF A SOIL PROCESSING MACHINE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 2 (2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-114-119.

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To improve the quality of pre-sowing soil tillage in the Republic of Tatarstan, a tillage implement has been developed, which, unlike other designs, contains a helical spiral and needle ellipsoid disks coaxially mounted on a horizontal shaft. Passive helix creates a compacted seed bed at the depth of seed placement; needle ellipsoidal disks are active and provide mulching of the surface soil layer. A preliminary analysis of the processes of interaction of the working unit with the soil is possible on the basis of the parametric equations of motion of individual points of the cutting edges of t

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23

Babitsky, L. F., I. V. Sobolevsky, and V. A. Kuklin. "Theoretical background for the bionic substantiation of parameters of the stubble cultivator working bodies." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 20, no. 2 (2019): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.2.183-191.

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In the southern regions of Russia, the technology of cultivation of grain crops in the variant of partial sowing has been widely used. In this regard, it became necessary to create effective working bodies of a stubble cultivator that would have fundamentally new resource-saving ways of influencing the area under cultivating and meet the requirements of modern advanced technologies. The shapes of the working bodies surfaces of the cultivators were improved taking into account the mechanic-bionic approach. The main parameters of the toothed cutting surface were determined by the method of bioni

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24

Batirov, Zafar, Shuhrat Sharipov, Yokubjon Mahmudov, Shakhboz Azizov, and Obid Mamadiyorov. "Traction resistance of a ripper with a current distribution line." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404050.

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The pipeline distributor carries out deep loosening of the soil and three-tier fertilization. The study aims to determine the traction resistance of the working body of the ripper with a distribution pipe. The study uses the basic provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and agricultural mechanics. The method of calculating the traction resistance of the cultivator-fertilizer equipped with pipelines-distributors for three-tier fertilization is presented. The components of the balance of traction resistance are determined. Analytical dependencies are obtained for determining the tracti

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25

Parkhomenko, Galina, Sergey Kambulov, Victor Pakhomov, et al. "Substantiation of the parameters of an innovative working body for shallow tillage." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 08007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021008007.

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The purpose of study: determine the rational parameters of an innovative working body that carries out a high-quality technological process of shallow soil cultivation. An innovative working body for shallow soil cultivation was developed on the basis of nature-like technologies that are currently relevant in scientific research. The ratio when using the golden ratio arises when comparing curvilinear and rectilinear, i.e. natural and artificial forms. The development of a new working body design is based on the physics of the interaction process with the processed environment, using analogies

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26

Vasiliev, Sergey, Viktor Alekseev, and Mikhail Vasiliev. "Accurate ground scanning of the day surface of tilled soil to determine its agro-technical characteristics." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032905007.

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The aim of the research is to determine the agro-technical characteristics of the day surface of tilled soil on sloping agricultural landscapes by applying the method of accurate ground scanning along the circumference. The specific difficulties that arise in developing and implementation of agro-technical measures are often associated with significant change of the main parameters of the day surface of tilled soil depending on space and time. Agro-technical parameters according to the agro-technical requirements for the main and pre-sowing tillage, the direction and value of the average slope

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27

Tsybulevsky, V. V., B. F. Tarasenko, S. G. Lopareva, A.-M. S Dzjasheev, and E. A. Tikhonov. "Justification of the parameters of the tillerblock seeder for sowing sorghum seeds in the Republic of Angola." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012038.

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Abstract Small forms of management of the Republic of Angola are in great need of support and development, since according to the World Bank, 80% of Angola’s agricultural production, which involves 46% of the population, are small subsidiary farms with an area of 2 hectares without mechanization, infrastructure, high-quality seed and other means of production. The mass introduction of motorcycle cultivators with a capacity of 3-5 to 12 hp with a set of machines and tools for them will significantly accelerate the transition from manual labor to mechanized. It is obvious that the modernization

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28

Akhalaya, B. Kh, Yu S. Tsench, and A. V. Mironova. "Automated combined unit with universal tillage adapter." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 18, no. 2 (2024): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-2-86-91.

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The paper shows that using an automated combined unit with a universal tillage adapter for surface tillage represents a relevant and promising direction in the development of agricultural machinery. (Research purpose) The study aims to develop an automated combined unit equipped with a universal adapter designed to improve soil quality and increase the stability of the unit’s movement. (Materials and methods) The tillage adapter consists of two arc-shaped segments mounted at the front on a common axis that allows rotation. The rear sections contain a mini-hydraulic cylinder, which is remotely

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29

Shepelev, S. D. "Study of a wide-level spring harrow with parallelogram suspension of the working section." Agricultural Engineering, no. 1 (2025): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2025-1-26-33.

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Spring harrows have become widely used for surface tillage. A significant disadvantage of wide-level harrows is the unevenness of the loosening depth. The new design of the spring harrow with a parallelogram suspension of the working section copies the field microrelief to ensure a uniform loosening depth. The purpose of the study was to check the compliance with agrotechnical requirements of the spring harrow with a parallelogram suspension of the working section. To compile the mathematical model of the working section motion, use was made of the Lagrange equations. As a result, the authors

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30

Kazakov, Yu F., V. I. Medvedev, V. S. Pavlov, and A. V. Pyrkin. "Ways to reduce the determinism of speeds in tillage machine-tractor units." Agrarian science, no. 6 (July 30, 2022): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-360-6-104-111.

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Relevance. One of the main factors in increasing the productivity of machine-tractor units (MTU) is the speed of translational motion. In most cases, the arable MTU have a rigid connection between the components. With the growth of translational motion, energy costs change with a positive acceleration due to an increase in the strength characteristics of the soil. The purpose of the research is to find ways to reduce the determinism of the speeds of the components of the machine-tractor unit, to develop estimated indicators of the determinism of speeds, kinematic analysis of the combined tilla

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31

Dorohov, Aleksey, Aleksey Sibirev, Aleksandr Aksenov, Maksim Mosyakov, and Nikolay Sazonov. "THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE CONVEYOR FOR UNLOADING VEGETABLE ROOT CROPS AND POTATO TUBERS FROM STORAGE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 19, no. 1 (2024): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-48-53.

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The need to develop specialized machines and equipment for laboratory and field research on potato breeding is due to the fact that the methodology of breeding processes and the first stages of seed production involves comparing many plants of different origins and selecting the best for further work up to the creation of a new variety or transfer of seeds for propagation in production conditions. The large variability of machines for unloading vegetables and potatoes does not adequately prevent damage to vegetable and potato products, which is due to the imperfect design of such machines, inc

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32

Mudarisov, S. G., H. M. Safin, I. M. Farkhutdinov, and R. I. Aminov. "Agrotechnical and energy assessment of strip tillage machine in field conditions." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700248.

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The article presents the results of field studies to determine the quality and energy indicators of a modernized cultivator for strip tillage for industrial crops. An experimental setup with load cells with a nominal value of 30000 N is designed to measure the tractive resistance of the cultivator in the field. The result of the study is to establish the relationship between the cultivator traction resistance on the speed movement at various angles of spherical disks attack and the degree of crumbling on the structural and technological parameters of the cultivator. Various structural and tech

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33

Permanyer-Ugartemendia, Ander. "The Collapse of Mercantilism: Anglo-Hispanic Trans-Pacific Ventures in Asia at the End of the Spanish Empire (1815–30)." Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business 8, no. 1 (2023): 212–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34044.

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Early modern connections between the Pacific shores of the Spanish Empire have been assessed in previous studies and yet, studies on the subsequent developments during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are scant. This particularly applies to the consequences of the commercial developments at the end of the Manila Galleon and the collapse of the Spanish Empire in America. Through the analysis of the professional networks of Francisco Xavier de Ezpeleta, and Juan Nepomuceno Machado, which stretched from Asia to Mexico at the time, this paper proposes some preliminary conclusions

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34

Subramanian, Lakshmi. "Capital and Crowd in a Declining Asian Port City: The Anglo-Bania Order and the Surat Riots of 1795." Modern Asian Studies 19, no. 2 (1985): 205–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00012312.

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Surat, the waning port city of the departed Great Mughals, was rocked by riots on 6 August 1795. The lower orders of the Muslim population fell upon the shops and houses of the Bania residents of the city, looting grain, demolishing the images of their gods and tearing up their account books. This was the response of a collapsing social order to the thrust of a highly adaptive banking and trading group which had adroitly allied itself to the rising English power on the West Coast of India. A combination of circumstances in the half century following 1750 had resulted in the formation of a merc

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Валиев, Айрат, and Ayrat Valiev. "INVESTIGATION OF SOIL MOTION ALONG THE WORKING SURFACE OF A DISK CULTIVATOR." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 3 (2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a1d9587a0d852.23012684.

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The results of theoretical studies of a disk cultivator are presented, the working units of which consist of two flat discs, inclined to each other in the horizontal and vertical planes. The distance between the upper leading edges of the discs is greater than between the lower rear edges. When the discs move in the soil, the layer is jammed between them, breaks off from the bottom of the furrow, rises slightly upwards and is laid back into the furrow in the loosened state. The main constructive and adjusting parameters of the working unit are the inclination angles of discs γ, the distance be

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Antony, A., S. Saeed, D. Hart, et al. "AB0735 SEVERITY OF NAIL PSORIASIS SCORE (SNAPS) DEMONSTRATES LONGITUDINAL CONSTRUCT VALIDITY AGAINST THE MODIFIED NAIL PSORIASIS SEVERITY INDEX (mNAPSI) IN AN OBSERVATIONAL COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1662.1–1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2426.

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Background:Longitudinal observational data on psoriatic nail dystrophy is scarce, in part due to the lack of a validated outcome measure that is feasible in routine care. The Severity of Nail Psoriasis Score (SNAPS; range 0-40: scored one point each for the presence of pitting, onycholysis, hyperkeratosis and/or severe nail disease#in each fingernail) has face validity and has recently demonstrated feasibility, reliability and cross-sectional construct validity against the modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI; range 0-130)1.Objectives:We aimed to assess the longitudinal construct val

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Nasonov, V. A., V. M. Korniushyn, R. V. Kotsiubanskyi, and A. I. Fenenko. "Test results of vertical tillage equipment VT-3.1." Mechanics and automatics of agroindustrial production, 2024, 18–24. https://doi.org/10.37204/2786-7765-2024-2-2.

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Purpose. Determine the dependence of tillage quality indicators and fuel consumption on the settings of the unit with the new VT-3.1 implement. Methods. Experimental. Standard methods were used to measure the depth of cultivation, crumbling, surface ridge, soil hardness and moisture and fuel consumption at different angles of attack of the disc working bodies of the tool. Results. Indicators of the quality of tillage and fuel consumption at different angles of attack of the disc working bodies of the tool are determined. It has been established that with an increase in the angles of attack, th

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Kambulov, S. I., O. S. Babenko, and I. V. Bozhko. "TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SOIL LOOSENING BY FLAT CUTTING BLADE AND TINE." Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31774/2222-1816-2020-4-241-255.

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Purpose: to study the technological process of loosening the soil with a flat-cutting blade and a tine. Materials and methods: the methods of analyzing the power impact on the tine, as well as the theoretical provisions of failure hypotheses are used. As an object of research, the working bodies of tools with a horizontal cutting edge were considered, namely, flat-cutting blades which are used for overall tillage. Results: as a result of studies it was found that the main parameters of flat-cutting blades include: operating width Bi, opening angle 2γ, crumbling angle β0, edge angle i0, band wi

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Vasylynych, N., V. Duganec, and Y. Pantsyr. "The Process Of Soil Cutting With Rotor Knives Of Combined Ploughsharing-Racked Plow." Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, no. 31 (December 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2019-2-10.

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Soil tillage is the most energy-intensive and costly process. Therefore, the creation of combined machines that perform multiple operations in one workflow is a pressing issue for today, the solution of which is inextricably linked to the integration of agricultural operations into one technological process that brings economic, organizational and agrobiological benefits. Based on the peculiarities of soil preparation for planting or planting crops as an object, and the need for further scientific design of the combined technological process of soil application of fertilizers, active crumbling

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KUKHMAZOV, K. Z., and R. R. KHABIBULLIN. "THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF ROD-TOOTHED ROLLER DESIGN PARAMETERS IN SOIL CULTIVATORS FOR PRE-SOWING OPERATIONS." Niva Povolzhya 1, no. 4 (72) (2024). https://doi.org/10.36461/np.2024.72.4.024.

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In the traditional technology of cultivation and harvesting of grain crops, pre-sowing soil cultivation is one of the main agricultural operations. It is performed by various cultivators and combined units. In general, they reliably and efficiently perform the technological process, however, when processing heavy soils, the degree of crumbling of the soil prepared for sowing does not meet agrotechnical requirements. The article provides a brief description of the proposed rod-toothed roller of the pre-sowing tillage cultivator, which allows to significantly increase the degree of soil crumblin

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Фаталиев, К. Г., Э. М. Нагиев, И. О. Мамедов та В. Д. Тагиев. "ГОРНЫЙ ПЛУГ". Горное сельское хозяйство, № 6 (26 грудня 2022). https://doi.org/10.25691/gsh.2022.6.001.

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Для работы на каменистых почвах, разработан и проверен плуг с почвоуглубителем. Почвоуглубитель, разрыхляя дно борозды на глубину 15…20 см, улучшает водопоглощающую способность почвы. Оснащение предохранительными пружинами предотвращает его от деформации и поломки при работе на каменистых почвах. Перспективность заключается в том, что вспашка осуществляется на глубину 10…15 см, а нижний малоплодородный слой разрыхляется без выворачивания его на поверхность почвы. Почвоуглубитель с предохранительным устройством крепится к стойке корпуса плуга и состоит из верхнего кронштейна, поводка пружины со

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Kravchenko, Ruslan. "The results of the production check of the mock-up sample of the tool with an active drive of rotary working bodies." Tractors and Agricultural Machinery, January 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-568438.

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Rationale. Improvement of the annular working bodies by dividing the solid cutting blade into separate parts (cutting knives) and turning them at an angle to the axis of rotation provides conditions for stable sliding of the soil over the working surface. The lack of knowledge of the process of furrow formation by these working bodies prevents the choice of their parameters that ensure the evenness of the bottom of the furrow in accordance with agrotechnical requirements. The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of work of rotary working bodies. Materials and methods. The

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Игошин, Д. Н., В. П. Заикин та А. А. Котов. "ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КЛИНООБРАЗНОГО РАБОЧЕГО ОРГАНА ДЛЯ ПРИПОСЕВНОГО ВНЕСЕНИЯ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ". Сахарная свекла, № 1 (25 січня 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25802/sb.2020.63.67.005.

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Анализируя прием внесения минеральных удобрений при одновременном посеве сахарной свеклы, можно сказать, что, соблюдая все агротехнические требования и учитывая почвенно-климатические условия, можно добиться повышения урожайности корнеплодов за счет модернизации технологического процесса и конструктивных параметров устройства. Повышение урожайности корнеплодов свеклы и качества внесения минеральных удобрений напрямую зависит от конструктивных параметров тукозаделывающего рабочего органа. При взаимодействии слоя почвы и различных видов рабочих органов происходит смещение отдельных элементов поч

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Connor, J. D. "The Persistence of Fidelity." M/C Journal 10, no. 2 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2652.

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   I. The Fidelity Reflex When Robert Stam entitles one of his recent efforts to theorise adaptation “Beyond Fidelity,” he could be speaking for a wide range of critics (54). Indeed, as the editor of two major adaptation anthologies, he is speaking for them. Stam’s principal objection is the covert moralising of fidelity discourse: “The conventional language of adaptation criticism has often been profoundly moralistic, rich in terms that imply that the cinema has somehow done a disservice to literature. … The standard rhetoric has often deployed an elegiac discourse of loss,

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Hutcheon, Linda. "In Defence of Literary Adaptation as Cultural Production." M/C Journal 10, no. 2 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2620.

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   Biology teaches us that organisms adapt—or don’t; sociology claims that people adapt—or don’t. We know that ideas can adapt; sometimes even institutions can adapt. Or not. Various papers in this issue attest in exciting ways to precisely such adaptations and maladaptations. (See, for example, the articles in this issue by Lelia Green, Leesa Bonniface, and Tami McMahon, by Lexey A. Bartlett, and by Debra Ferreday.) Adaptation is a part of nature and culture, but it’s the latter alone that interests me here. (However, see the article by Hutcheon and Bortolotti for a discussi

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