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1

Jones, Terry. Crusades. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1995.

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Terry, Jones. Crusades. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1995.

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3

Phillips, Jonathan, Iris Shagrir, Nikolaos G. Chrissis, and Benjamin Z. Kedar. Crusades. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003342120.

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Alan, Ereira, ed. Crusades. London: BBC Books, 1994.

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5

Jeffrey, Gary. Crusades. New York: Crabtree Publishing Company, 2014.

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Madden, Thomas F. Crusades. New York: Metro Books, 2004.

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7

ill, Phillipps Francis, ed. Crusades. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1991.

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8

Bird, Jessalynn, ed. Papacy, Crusade, and Christian-Muslim Relations. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986312.

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This book examines the role of the papacy and the crusade in the religious life of the late twelfth through late thirteenth centuries and beyond. Throughout the book, the contributors ask several important questions. Was Innocent III more theologian than lawyer-pope and how did his personal experience of earlier crusade campaigns inform his own vigorous promotion of the crusades? How did the outlook and policy of Honorius III differ from that of Innocent III in crucial areas including the promotion of multiple crusades (including the Fifth Crusade and the crusade of William of Montferrat) and how were both pope’s mindsets manifested in writings associated with them? What kind of men did Honorius III and Innocent III select to promote their plans for reform and crusade? How did the laity make their own mark on the crusade through participation in the peace movements which were so crucial to the stability in Europe essential for enabling crusaders to fulfill their vows abroad and through joining in the liturgical processions and prayers deemed essential for divine favor at home and abroad? Further essays explore the commemoration of crusade campaigns through the deliberate construction of physical and literary paths of remembrance. Yet while the enemy was often constructed in a deliberately polarizing fashion, did confessional differences really determine the way in which Latin crusaders and their descendants interacted with the Muslim world or did a more pragmatic position of ‘rough tolerance’ shape mundane activities including trade agreements and treaties?
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9

Nicolle, David. The Crusades. Oxford: Osprey, 2003.

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10

1965-, Jotischky Andrew, ed. The Crusades. New York: Routledge, 2007.

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11

Jones, J. Sydney. The Crusades. Detroit: UXL, 2005.

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12

Nicholson, Helen J. The Crusades. Indianapolis, Ind: Hackett Pub. Co., 2009.

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13

Crusades and the Crusader Knights. Hermes House, 2010.

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14

Edgar, John G. The Crusades And The Crusaders. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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15

The Crusades And The Crusaders. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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16

(Editor), Benjamin Z. Kedar, Jonathan Riley Smith (Editor), and Helen J. Nicholson (Editor), eds. Crusades (Crusades, 1). Ashgate Pub Ltd, 2002.

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17

Byzantium And the Crusades (Crusader Worlds). Hambledon & London, 2006.

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18

Soldier of Crusade : a Crusades Novel: Soldier of Crusade. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2024.

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19

Murray, Alan V., ed. The Crusades to the Holy Land. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400634703.

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Based on the latest scholarship by experts in the field, this work provides an accessible guide to the Crusades fought for the liberation and defense of the Holy Land—one of the most enduring and consequential conflicts of the medieval world. The Crusades to the Holy Land were one of the most important religious and social movements to emerge over the course of the Middle Ages. The warfare of the Crusades affected nearly all of Western Europe and involved members of social groups from kings and knights down to serfs and paupers. The memory of this epic long-ago conflict affects relations between the Western and Islamic worlds in the present day. The Crusades to the Holy Land: The Essential Reference Guide provides almost 90 A–Z entries that detail the history of the Crusades launched from Western Europe for the liberation or defense of the Holy Land, covering the inception of the movement by Pope Urban II in 1095 up to the early 14th century. This concise single-volume work provides accessible articles and perspective essays on the main Crusade expeditions as well as the important crusaders, countries, places, and institutions involved. Each entry is accompanied by references for further reading. Readers will follow the career of Saladin from humble beginnings to becoming ruler of Syria and Egypt and reconquering almost all of the Holy Land from its Christian rulers; learn about the main sites and characteristics of the castles that were crucial to the Christian domination of the Holy Land; and understand the key aspects of crusading, from motivation and recruitment to practicalities of finance and transport. The reference guide also includes survey articles that provide readers with an overview of the original source materials written in Latin, Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Armenian, and Syriac.
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20

Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusades. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315305752.

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21

Kedar, Benjamin Z., Jonathan Phillips, and Nikolaos G. Chrissis, eds. Crusades. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429425318.

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22

Kedar, Benjamin Z., and Jonathan Phillips, eds. Crusades. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003118596.

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23

Kedar, Benjamin Z., Jonathan Phillips, and Jonathan Riley-Smith. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271491.

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Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271507.

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25

Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271521.

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26

Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271545.

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27

Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271576.

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28

Kedar, Benjamin Z., Jonathan Phillips, and Jonathan Riley-Smith. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271583.

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Kedar, Benjamin Z., Jonathan Phillips, and Jonathan Riley-Smith. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271590.

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30

Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271606.

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31

Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271620.

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32

Kedar, Benjamin Z., Jonathan Phillips, and Jonathan Riley-Smith. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271651.

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33

Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271668.

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34

Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271675.

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35

Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271682.

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36

Crusades. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271705.

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37

Kedar, Benjamin Z., Jonathan Phillips, Nikolaos G. Chrissis, and Iris Shagrir, eds. Crusades. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429354885.

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38

Archer, Cristina. Crusades. Lulu Press, Inc., 2013.

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39

Crusades. Aldershot, Hampshire ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2003.

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40

Riley-Smith, Jonathan, Benjamin Z. Kedar, and Jonathan Phillips. Crusades. Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

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41

Newhall, Richard Ager. Crusades. Paperbook Pr, 1989.

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42

Madden, Thomas F. Crusades. Duncan Baird Publishers, 2004.

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43

Kedar, Benjamin Z., Jonathan Phillips, and Nikolaos G. Chrissis, eds. Crusades. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315143316.

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44

Jaspert, Nikolas. Crusades. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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45

Crusades. London: Duncan Baird Pub., 2008.

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46

Crusades. Cherrytree, 1990.

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47

Crusades. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2014.

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48

Crusades. Wildside Press, LLC, 2010.

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49

DeCarlo, Carolyn. Crusades. Rosen Publishing Group, 2017.

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50

Griffin, Mary. Crusades. Stevens Publishing LLLP, Gareth, 2019.

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