Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cryogenic HEMT LNA

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Cryogenic HEMT LNA'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cryogenic HEMT LNA"

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Jayakody, Harith, Raya Al-Dadah, and Saad Mahmoud. "Cryogenic Energy for Indirect Freeze Desalination—Numerical and Experimental Investigation." Processes 8, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010019.

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Renewed interest in freeze desalination has emerged due to its advantages over other desalination technologies. A major advantage of the freeze desalination process over evaporative methods is its lower energy consumption (latent heat of freezing is 333.5 kJ/kg and latent heat of evaporation is 2256.7 kJ/kg). Cryogenic fluids like LN2/LAir are emerging as an effective energy storage medium to maximise utilisation of intermittent renewable energy sources. The recovery of this stored cold energy has the potential to be used for freeze desalination. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling was developed to simulate the evaporation of liquid nitrogen to simultaneously conduct freeze desalination to investigate the feasibility of using cryogenic energy for freeze desalination. This integrated CFD model was validated using experimental heat exchanger test facility constructed, to evaporate liquid nitrogen to supply the cooling required for freezing. Parametric study on the LN2 flow rate to observe the volume of ice obtained was also examined using CFD, where increasing the velocity of LN2 by 6 times, increased the volume of ice obtained by 4.3 times. A number of freezing stages were required in order to reduce the ice salinity from 1.5% down to 0.1% as regarded by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as safe to drink. In the cryogenic desalination test rig, approximately 1.35 L of liquid nitrogen was required to reduce the ice salinity from 1.5% to less than 0.1%. Furthermore, the above results illustrate the potential of using the cold energy of cryogenic fluids such as Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) and LN2/LAir for freeze desalination applications as most cold energy during LNG regasification has been unexploited today.
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Khanna, Rohit, and Bikramjit Basu. "Low friction and severe wear of alumina in cryogenic environment: A first report." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 832–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0104.

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Structural ceramics are considered as potential candidate materials for use in hybrid bearings in rocket turbopumps, operated under high stress in cryogenic environment. The friction and wear-related surface failure is considered as one of the critical factors in selecting the materials for cryo-turbopumps of Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME). To obtain fundamental understanding of the tribological properties of ceramics in cryogenic environment, a very first set of sliding wear tests were carried out on self-mated Al2O3, a model brittle ceramic material, in liquid nitrogen (LN2) under varying load (2–10 N) and high rotational speed of 2550 rpm, using a newly designed cryogenic tribometer. The present research attempts to answer some important questions: (i) What would be the influence of LN2 on frictional and fracture behavior at sliding contacts? (ii) How does the material removal process occur in LN2 environment? Our experimental results reveal that self-mated alumina exhibits low steady-state coefficient of friction ∼0.13–0.18 and suffers from high wear rate (10−5 mm3/Nm) under the selected testing conditions. The novelty of the present work also lies in presenting some interesting results, for the first time, concerning the deformation and fracture of alumina at cryogenic temperature under high speed sliding conditions. Detailed scanning electronic microscope observation of the worn surfaces indicates that severe damage of both ball and flat occurs in cryogenic environment by transgranular and intergranular fracture. The observed wear behavior is explained in terms of thermal heat dissipation and brittle fracture of alumina in LN2.
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SONG, Younguk(Benedict). "A Study of Cryogenic ORC Application on the LNG Carriers using Cold Heat and Sea Water." JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION 30, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2018.06.30.3.839.

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Butterick, Charles J. "Liquid Nitrogen Safety." Microscopy Today 4, no. 5 (June 1996): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500068887.

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Recent Internet postings on the Microscopy listserver indicate paradoxical views on the personal protective equipment (PPE) necessary to handle liquid nitrogen (LN2) safely. Those views range from full protective gear to, somewhat facetiously, complete nudity. The crux of the paradox is that both extremes have points of validity.The gist of preventing frostbite or cold injury to the skin is to prevent continuous contact with LN2. The physics of the Leidenfrost effect (LE) protects the skin from momentary contact or splashes of LN2. A layer of gas between the LN2 and the skin prevents significant heat transfer from the skin, stopping damage. The LE does not apply to inadvertent splashes of LN2 to the cornea. Alternatively, using protective equipment insulates the skin and prevents trapping of the cryogen by allowing the LN2 to run off.
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Butterick, Charles J. "Liquid Nitrogen Safety." Microscopy Today 4, no. 3 (April 1996): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500067870.

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Recent Internet postings on the Microscopy listserver indicate paradoxical views on the personal protective equipment (PPE) necessary to handle liquid nitrogen (LN2) safely. Those views range from full protective gear to, somewhat facetiously, complete nudity. The crux of the paradox is that both extremes have points of validity.The gist of preventing frostbite or cold injury to the skin is to prevent continuous contact with LN2. The physics of the Leidenfrost effect (LE) protects the skin from momentary contact or splashes of LN2. A layer of gas between the LM2 and the skin prevents significant heat transfer from the skin, stopping damage. The LE does not apply to inadvertent splashes of LN2 to the cornea. Alternatively, using protective equipment insulates the skin and prevents trapping of the cryogen by allowing the LN2 to run off.
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Patil, Sandip, Pravin Pawar, Swapnil Kekade, Sachin Patil, Kiran Gujar, and R. K. P. Singh. "Effect of Gas Based Coolant Lubricants on Machinability of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V." Key Engineering Materials 705 (August 2016): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.705.233.

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Machining of titanium alloys generates enormous amount of heat at the chip-tool interface leading to poor machinability. Use of coolants in the form of gas based lubricants is another approach for controlling the temperature at the cutting zone. The current research investigates the effect of gaseous cooling using CO2 and cryogenic cooling using LN2 at the tool rake face during machining of Ti6Al4V. The effect of both the cutting environments was analyzed at low and high level of cutting conditions through FE Model highlighting on thermal softening and through the experimental output responses emphasizing on cutting forces, surface finish and chip microstructure, etc.
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Hu, Hai-Ping. "The surface tension effects in boiling heat transfer of cryogenic LN2 on an ellipsoid." Nuclear Engineering and Design 240, no. 1 (January 2010): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.08.026.

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Florio, Ciro, Gabriella Fiorentino, Fabiana Corcelli, Sergio Ulgiati, Stefano Dumontet, Joshua Güsewell, and Ludger Eltrop. "A Life Cycle Assessment of Biomethane Production from Waste Feedstock Through Different Upgrading Technologies." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040718.

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Upgrading consists of a range of purification processes aimed at increasing the methane content of biogas to reach specifications similar to natural gas. In this perspective, an environmental assessment, based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, of different upgrading technologies is helpful to identify the environmental characteristics of biomethane and the critical steps for improvement. The aim of this work is to conduct an LCA of biomethane production from waste feedstock, using the SimaPro software. The study focuses on the comparison of several upgrading technologies (namely, membrane separation, cryogenic separation, pressure swing adsorption, chemical scrubbing, high pressure water scrubbing) and the on-site cogeneration of electricity and heat, including the environmental benefits deriving from the substitution of fossil-based products. The results show a better environmental performance of the cogeneration option in most of the impact categories. The Fossil resource scarcity is the impact category which is mainly benefited by the avoided production of natural gas, with savings of about 0.5 kg oil eq/m3 of biogas for all the investigated technologies, with an average improvement of about 76% compared to conventional cogeneration. The results show that the membrane upgrading technology is slightly more environmentally convenient than the other upgrading technologies.
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Jamil, Muhammad, Ning He, Wei Zhao, Liang Li, Munish Kumar Gupta, Murat Sarikaya, Aqib Mashood Khan, and Rupinder Singh. "Heat Transfer Efficiency of Cryogenic-LN2 and CO2-snow and their application in the Turning of Ti-6AL-4V." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 166 (February 2021): 120716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120716.

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Xin-hai, ZHANG, DOU Kai, ZHANG Guo-wei, LI Xun-guang, CHENG Wang-shou, and ZHU Hui. "Preparation of CO2/N2 cryogenic slurry and its pipeline flow characteristics." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301068.

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It was proposed to use CO2/N2 to effectively prevent and control Class A solid spontaneous fires such as coal. The preparation process of CO2/N2 cryogenic slurry pipeline and its pipeline flow characteristics were studied. The temperature field, pressure field and phase change characteristic changed during the transportation of the CO2/N2 mixture in the pipeline are analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed that: the fluid in the pipeline exchanged heat and started to contact at a position of 0.1m in the pipeline. The temperature first rapidly dropped to the lowest temperature of 103K, and then the fluids in the range of 0.1m to 0.3m were fully mixed, and the temperature rised to 164K. The temperature was consistent with the equilibrium state in the pipe, and the temperature was gentle and stable; the pressure in the pipe was on the whole downward trend, and each position along the main pipe produced a positive pressure difference relative to the end of the pipe. The closer to the mixing place, the greater the corresponding pressure difference; During the mixing process, LN2 was acted as a cold source to sublime CO2 to form dry ice particles. And through the cryogenic fluid mixing experiment, the temperature distribution in the pipeline, range of the dry ice particle generation position, and the dry ice particle generation phenomenon was measured. The results showed that the mixing was completed within 0.8 m of the pipeline, and the temperature in the tube rised to 168K and remain stable. The data were basically consistent. And dry ice particles generated at the temperature of 194.5K, and a diffuse gas cloud formed at the outlet with the momentum of the jet.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cryogenic HEMT LNA"

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Brundage, William D. "VLA X-Band Preparation for Voyager 2 at Neptune." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615320.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1987 / Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California
The Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope, located in west-central New Mexico, obtains high-resolution radio images of astronomical objects by using Fourier aperture synthesis with 27 antennas. With the addition of X-band to its receiving capabilities by 1989, and when arrayed with the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex (GDSCC), the VLA will double the Deep Space Network (DSN) receiving aperture in the U. S. longitude for signals from Voyager 2 at Neptune. This paper describes the VLA and the installation of the X-band system, its operation and performance for Voyager data reception, and its capabilities for other science at X-band.
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Gonzalez, Salazar Miguel Angel. "System analysis of waste heat applications with LNG regasification." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176444.

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The combination of the continuously growing demand of energy in the world, the depletion of oil and its sharp price increase, as well as the urgent need for cleaner and more efficient fuels have boosted the global trade of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Nowadays, there is an increasing interest on the design philosophy of the LNG receiving terminals, due to the fact that the existing technologies either use seawater as heating source or burn part of the fuel for regasifying LNG, thus destroying the cryogenic energy of LNG and causing air pollution or harm to marine life. This investigation addresses the task of developing novel systems able to simultaneously regasify LNG and generate electric power in the most efficient and environmentally friendly way.    Existing and proposed technologies for integrated LNG regasification and power generation were identified and simple, efficient, safe and compact alternatives were selected for further analysis. A baseline scenario for integrated LNG regasification and power generation was established and simulated, consisting of a cascaded Brayton configuration with a typical small gas turbine as topping cycle and a simple closed Brayton cycle as bottoming cycle. Various novel configurations were created, modeled and compared to the baseline scenario in terms of LNG regasification rate, efficiency and power output. The novel configurations include closed Rankine and Brayton cycles for the bottoming cycle, systems for power augmentation in the gas turbine and combinations of options. A study case with a simple and compact design was selected, preliminarily designed and analyzed according to characteristics and costs provided by suppliers. The performance, costs and design challenges of the study case were then compared to the baseline case. The results show that the study case causes lower investment costs and a smaller footprint of the plant, at the same time offering a simple design solution though with substantially lower efficiencies.
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Maquignon, Nicolas. "Vers un modèle multiphases et multicomposants (MPMC) de type Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) pour la simulation dynamique d'un fluide cyogénique dans l'eau." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0426/document.

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Au cours de cette thèse, un modèle LBM MPMC avec échanges thermiques est développé. Des tests d'assimilation de données et des mesures par flot optique sont réalisés en vue d'une validation. Le cadre d'application de cette thèse est celui du mélange d'un fluide cryogénique avec l'eau. Dans une première partie, un travail bibliographique rappelant l'équation de Boltzmann, ses diverses hypothèses et simplifications, ainsi que l'aspect algorithmique de la LBM sont exposés. Une comparaison entre opérateur de collision SRT et MRT est réalisée, et une simulation de phénomènes turbulents à différents nombres de Reynolds est étudiée, notamment avec le benchmark de l'instabilité de Von Karman. Dans une seconde partie, le modèle MPMC de Shan & Cehn est rappelé puis étendu au cas où les échanges thermiques entre composants sont présents. Des validations quantitatives sont faites, notamment avec le benchmark du fluide de Couette à deux phases ou à deux composants, du test de cohérence vis-à-vis de la loi de Laplace, ou encore par rapport à un benchmark faisant intervenir la conduction thermique. Des tests qualitatifs de condensation en milieu multicomposants sont proposés pour valider l'aspect des échanges thermiques entre composants en présence d'une transition de phase. Dans la troisième partie de cette thèse, une méthode de validation par assimilation de données est introduite, avec le filtrage de Kalman d'ensemble. Un test d'estimation d'état d'un fluide di-phasique est réalisé, et la compatibilité du filtrage de Kalman d'ensemble par rapport au modèle LBMMPMC est évaluée. Pour la validation du comportement du modèle d'un point de vue de la présence de deux composants, un fluide de substitution (non-cryogénique) au GNL, le butane, a été choisi pour permettre des observations dans des conditions expérimentales accessibles. Puis, une plateforme expérimentale d'injection de butane liquide dans une colonne d'eau sous pression est présentée. Des images d'ombroscopie issues d'expériences de remontée de butane liquide dans de l'eau sont exposées et un algorithme de calcul de flot optique est appliqué à ces images. Une évaluation qualitative des champs de vitesses obtenus par application de cet algorithme est réalisée
In this thesis, a LBM MPMC model with heat exchange is developed. Data assimilation tests and optical flow measurements are made in order to validate the model. The application context of this thesis is the mixture of a cryogenic fluid with water. In the first part, a bibliographical work reminding the Boltzmann equation and its various assumptions and simplifications, as well as the algorithmic aspect of the LBM are exposed. A comparison between SRT and MRT collision operator is performed, and a simulation of turbulent phenomena at different Reynolds numbers is studied, especially with the benchmark of the instability from Von Karman. In the second part, the MPMC model from Shan & Chen is reminded and extended to the case of the inter-component heat exchanges. Quantitative validations are made, especially with the benchmark of a two-phase or two-component Couette fluid. Consistency is tested against Laplace's law rule, or against a benchmark involving heat conduction. Qualitative testing of condensations in a multi-component medium are proposed to validate the heat exchange between components in the presence of a phase transition. In the third part of this thesis, a validation method for data assimilation is introduced, with the ensemble Kalman filter. A state estimation test of a bi-phase fluid is realized, and compatibility of the ensemble Kalman filtering to the LBM MPMC model is assessed. For validation of the behavior of the model for a two-component case, a substitution fluid (non-cryogenic) for LNG, butane, was selected to permit observations in experimental conditions which are accessible. Then, an experimental platform of injection of liquid butane in a pressurised water column is presented. Shadowgraph images from liquid butane experiments in water are exposed and an optical flow calculation algorithm is applied to these images. A qualitative assessment of the velocity field obtaines by application of this algorithm is performed
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Book chapters on the topic "Cryogenic HEMT LNA"

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Bascuñán, Juan, Terry Nixon, and James Maguire. "Development of a Flight Qualified Heat Switch for Ln2 Temperatures." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1411–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_75.

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Scurlock, Ralph G. "Heat Flows in LNG and LPG Cryogenic Storage Systems at 1 Bar." In SpringerBriefs in Energy, 13–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20696-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cryogenic HEMT LNA"

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Cha, Eunjung, Niklas Wadefalk, Giuseppe Moschetti, Arsalan Pourkabirian, Jorgen Stenarson, and Jan Grahn. "A 300-µW Cryogenic HEMT LNA for Quantum Computing." In 2020 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ims30576.2020.9223865.

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Jiang, Nianhua, Lewis B. G. Knee, Dominic Garcia, Pat Niranjanan, Mark Halman, and Ivan Wevers. "Cryogenic L-band GaAs HEMT LNA for the Square Kilometer Array." In 2018 18th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics (ANTEM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/antem.2018.8572988.

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Hanawa, Kirk. "An Ericsson Cycle GT Design by LNG Cryogenic Heat Utilization." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0166.

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In many LNG receiving terminals worldwide, the cryogenic heat of imported LNG which was liquefied by using 10% energy of natural gas supply1), 2), has been wasted into the sea water mainly through heat exchangers like ORVs (Open Rack Vaporizer)3). This cryogenic heat of 110 K (-256 F) class is considered, however, as an excellent energy source to apply thermodynamic cycles. Several literature, accordingly, are found to improve such high-grade energy potential of LNG regasification process as a low temperature sink, combining with fired heater at 1,100 K (1520 F) class or GT main exhaust gas at 700 K (800 F) class as a high temperature source, through Brayton and Rankine cycles5),6),7),8),9). This paper presents a typical example of closed “Ericsson” cycle which has the minimum cycle temperature of 157 K (-176 F) from LNG cryogenic heat and the maximum of 550 K (531 F) from the partial HRSG exit heat mixed with the partial GT exit gas. This closed gas turbine, from viewpoints of minor modification to existing power plants and no energy impacts for high temperature source, which would be better than the above-described idea, is able to offer 35% thermal efficiency. And it is recognized that this system would be superior to existing cryogenic generation systems of 20% class operated by Rankine Cycle.
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Omarali, Adimasyaton, Peter Groeneweg, Sander Kaart, and Barend Johan Jan Pek. "Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger Replacement at Brunei LNG." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/10676-ms.

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Omarali, Adimasyaton, Peter Groeneweg, Sander Kaart, and Barend Johan Jan Pek. "Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger Replacement at Brunei LNG." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-10676-ms.

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Yoon, Seok Ho, Dong-Wook Oh, Young Kim, and Jun Seok Choi. "Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer Performance of the Diffusion-Bonded Micro Channel Heat Exchanger in the Pilot-Scale Test Facility." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63426.

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The heat exchangers using micro channel structure have been studied due to its high efficiency and compactness. If the micro channel heat exchanger is applied to the natural gas liquefaction process, the efficiency of LNG plant can be improved. In this study, the micro channel was fabricated by chemical etching and the heat exchanger core was made by the diffusion bonding method for cryogenic reliability. For applying to the large scale plant such as LNG plant, the pilot-scale thermal performance test setup of the heat exchanger was built. Tests can be performed in the cryogenic environment. The working fluid is cryogenic nitrogen gas. Two different temperature level of nitrogen gas was made by vaporizing from liquid nitrogen. And these fluids exchange the heat through the micro channel heat exchanger. Test rig is an open loop. Therefore nitrogen gas is discharged to the ambient. Temperatures are measured by RTD sensors. Inlet pressures of heat exchanger are measured by the cryogenic pressure transducer and pressure differences of heat exchanger are measured by the differential pressure transmitters. And all the measured data is acquired by DAQ module and saved into PC. The heat transfer coefficients of the micro channel heat exchanger are calculated and the heat transfer characteristics are investigated. And the test result was compared with the existing heat transfer correlations. And the modified heat transfer correlation of the micro channel heat exchanger in the cryogenic environment is suggested.
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Zhao, Y., J. Lawler, P. Foroughi, and M. Ohadi. "Development of an Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Micro Pump for LN2 Spot Cooling." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55625.

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Cryogenic cooling systems play increasingly important roles in both military and commercial applications. These systems are essential for the operation of superconducting electronics and sensors. The development of innovative cryogenic cooling solutions to replace the traditionally bulky, complicated, and less efficient devices that rely solely on heat conduction is becoming more and more attractive. Spot cooling is a novel concept for cryogenic cooling systems. However, spot cooling devices require a compact, efficient and reliable pump that can pump cryogenic fluids. This paper presents preliminary efforts on developing a micro pumps for cryogenic cooling of certain specialty electronics, including those of sensor and detector applications. A packaging method compatible with cryogenic applications is proposed. The tested micro pump, fabricated by MEMS techniques, had a saw-tooth emitter and planar collector with 50-μm electrode spacing and 200-μm pair spacing. The pump was tested in sub cooled liquid nitrogen (with about 7 K sub cooling). It was shown by the experimental tests that liquid nitrogen is pumped by the EHD effects if the electrodes of the pumps are properly designed. The tested micro pump pumped liquid nitrogen at a flow rate of 2.3 g/min and had an output pumping head of 5 Pa when 1000 volts were applied across the electrodes.
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Han, Sangmin, Junhong Bae, Kihun Joh, Yongsuk Suh, and Jae-Kwang Eom. "Assessing Structural Safety of Inner Hull Structure Under Cryogenic Temperature." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50331.

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The market of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) carrier is continuously in a prosperous condition, and a lot of LNG vessels are being built in many shipyards. Membrane-type MARK-III LNG CCS (Cargo Containment System) is used more and more in the construction of LNG carrier, and it has already taken considerable market share among the various LNG CCS products. This paper deals with a study on structural safety of LNG carrier whose inner hull structure is affected by cryogenic temperature of LNG. If the primary and secondary barriers are failed simultaneously, the inner hull structure comes to be in direct contact with LNG. It is well known that the cryogenic temperature exposes the inner hull structure to fatal risk of structural failure due to brittle fracture, but nevertheless it is quite difficult to find a precedent research which explains the degree of risk and severity with due consideration of the consequence caused by structural failure of inner hull. The heat transfer test has been performed using the specimen appropriate to realize test scenario while considering cryogenic liquid flow from primary and secondary barrier into inner hull structure, and at the same time, the specimen has been tested by applying proper deformation so as to examine the structural behavior of inner hull structure under cryogenic condition. The heat transfer analysis has been performed to simulate and verify the heat transfer test, and consequently it is possible to obtain actual distribution of temperature in the inner hull structure exposed to cryogenic temperature. The structural analysis has been performed to evaluate the damage of inner hull structure and as a result to assess overall decrease of hull girder strength of LNG carrier. Finally, consequence of the decrease of global strength has been discussed.
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Han, Sangmin, Junhong Bae, Kyungwon Lee, Munkeun Ha, Kihun Joh, Yongsuk Suh, and Shinhyung Rhee. "Safety Assessment of Inner Hull Structure Affected by Cryogenic Temperature." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37985.

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The market of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) carrier is continuously in a prosperous condition, and a lot of LNG vessels are being built in many shipyards. Membrane-type MARK-III LNG CCS (Cargo Containment System) is used more and more in the construction of LNG carrier, and it has already taken considerable market share among the various LNG CCS products. This paper deals with a study on structural safety of LNG carrier whose inner hull structure is affected by cryogenic temperature of LNG. If the primary and secondary barriers are failed simultaneously, the inner hull structure comes to be in direct contact with LNG. It is well known that the cryogenic temperature exposes the inner hull structure to fatal risk of structural failure due to brittle fracture, but nevertheless it is quite difficult to find a precedent research which explains the degree of risk and severity with due consideration of the consequence caused by structural failure of inner hull. The heat transfer test has been performed using the specimen appropriate to realize test scenario while considering cryogenic liquid flow from primary and secondary barrier into inner hull structure, and at the same time, the specimen has been tested by applying proper deformation so as to examine the structural behavior of inner hull structure under cryogenic condition. The heat transfer analysis has been performed to simulate and verify the heat transfer test, and consequently it is possible to obtain actual distribution of temperature in the inner hull structure exposed to cryogenic temperature. The structural analysis has been performed to evaluate the damage of inner hull structure and as a result to assess overall decrease of hull girder strength of LNG carrier. Finally, consequence of the decrease of global strength has been discussed.
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Lu, Yuanwei, Hongchang Yang, and Chongfang Ma. "Study on a Cascade Utilization of Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Cold Energy for Power Generation." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22411.

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is known as a clean energy source which is widely used in electricity generation and daily living for its friendly environment performance. The global LNG trade has increased rapidly during recent years. Liquid natural gas delivered by sea-ships contains considerable cryogenic exergy which can be utilized for electricity production before its evaporation and introduction into the system of pipelines. Because the need to vaporize LNG offers a thermal sink at a very much lower temperature than seawater, using this thermal sink both power and gas can be produced. So it is possible to recover power from the vaporization of LNG. Based on the exergy analysis of normal Rankine power cycle and LNG gasification characteristics at a different pressure, this paper proposed a cascading power cycle with LNG cold energy recovery, in which a three-tier Rankine cycle system was established to recovery the liquid heat and latent heat of LNG, and the residual sensible heat of LNG vapor can be used to prepare the cold water of central air-conditioning in plant area. The simulating results showed that the cascade power system can improve the LNG cold energy recovery efficiency.
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Journal articles
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