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1

KAMIOKA, YASUHARU. "Cryogenics and Cryogenic Technology." Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 123, no. 12 (2003): 786–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.123.786.

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2

Șerban, Alexandru, and Gabriel Năstase. "Romanian scientific research in the field of cryogenics." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2016.1.1.131.

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Cryogenics was developed especially after 1990, when Romania's economy has become a free economy. Specialists in the field of cryogenics were only a few and Romanian contribution in research and development of Cryogenics were almost nonexistent. After 1990, development of the main industrial objectives of the country, required the construction and reconstruction of large and modern facilities cryogenic liquefaction of gases, such as ASU Galati GOX 60,000 Nm3 /h in 2010 or Hydrogen Factory - 15,000 Nm3 H2, Petrobrazi, Ploiesti, in 2014. Achieving these plants contribute to the development of scientific research, technological progress in improved editing and design schemes.
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3

McIntyre, Peter. "Testing of the Superconducting Magnet and Cryogenics for the AMS-02 Experiment." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 21, no. 3 (June 2011): 1868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2010.2087731.

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The superconducting magnet, cryogenics, and detector systems of the AMS experiment was fully integrated and tested in test beam at CERN during 2009. In Spring 2010 the experiment underwent thermal vacuum tests at ESTEC, where it was operated in conditions simulating those that will pertain in orbit. All elements of the superconducting magnet and cryogenics performed as designed, and equilibrium operation was attained at several values of vacuum case temperature. Details of the tests are presented. A thermal model of the overall cryogenic system was calibrated from those measurements. The model was used to predict the cryogenic lifetime of the experiment, as it would be staged on ISS, to be (28 ± 6) months.
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4

Kind, Amy, Eric Olson, Paul Snowdon, and A. M. Ferner. "Cryogenics." Philosophers' Magazine, no. 76 (2017): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20177620.

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5

Holt, Floyd, and George Amann. "Cryogenics." Physics Teacher 28, no. 5 (May 1990): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2343042.

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6

Shinde, Rushikesh. "Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Density, Resistivity and Conductivity of Manganese Used in Lithium-Ion Batteries." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 2346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39736.

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Abstract: Refrigeration is one of the core branch in the field of thermal engineering. In other words, we can say that the refrigeration is the sister branch of the thermal engineering or thermal science. The main purpose of refrigeration is to maintain the low temperature than the atmospheric temperature or simply room temperature. In a few decades, the new trends in the field of the refrigeration and air condition has been changed drastically. The need for the development of new refrigeration processes is to achieve possible minimum temperature by the liquefaction techniques such as linde claude system. The new field known as cryogenics is developed in recent few years whose main aim is to achieve the lowest possible temperature in order of -100 to - 1500 C. the cryogenics has a wide veriety of the applications ranging from space research to the medical science which can be supposed as a science fiction in the real life. Our research work is based on the analysis of the cryogenic treatment to the lithium ion battery to improve the performance of the battery for the long period. Keywords: Cryogenics, lithium ion batteries, manganese, density, conductivity
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7

SUZUKI, H. "Projects for cryogenics. Space technology and cryogenics." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 21 (1986): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.21.special_23.

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8

Scurlock, R. G. "British cryogenics council and cryogenics award 1990." Cryogenics 31, no. 12 (December 1991): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(91)90121-c.

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9

Iarocci, M. A., D. Brown, J. Sondericker, K. C. Wu, J. Benson, Y. Farah, C. Lac, et al. "RHIC cryogenics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 499, no. 2-3 (March 2003): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(02)01939-3.

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10

Frederking, T. H. K. "Helium Cryogenics." Cryogenics 27, no. 8 (August 1987): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(87)90170-6.

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11

ALEKSANDROVA, I. V., E. R. KORESHEVA, and I. E. OSIPOV. "Free-standing targets for applications to ICF." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 4 (October 1999): 713–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699174160.

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In conventional inertial confinement fusion (ICF), a high power laser system is used to compress a cryogenic target and create energy. One of the challenges for ICF cryogenics is producing the homogeneous and uniform fuel on the inside surface of a spherical polymer shell. In this report, we will discuss a conceptual approach based on freestanding targets and the results of our recent and current developments.
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12

Castle, W. F. "Kapitza and cryogenics." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 164, no. 12 (1994): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0164.199412r.1310.

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13

SATO, Akio. "Superfluid Helium Cryogenics." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 28, no. 6 (1993): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.28.304.

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14

Rubin, Lawrence G. "Focus on Cryogenics." Physics Today 52, no. 8 (August 1999): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2802814.

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15

Rubin, Lawrence G. "Focus on Cryogenics." Physics Today 51, no. 9 (September 1998): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2805896.

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16

Rubin, Lawrence G. "Focus on Cryogenics." Physics Today 53, no. 9 (September 2000): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405494.

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17

Rubin, Lawrence G. "Focus on Cryogenics." Physics Today 54, no. 12 (December 2001): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405692.

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18

Castle, W. F. "Kapitza and cryogenics." Physics-Uspekhi 37, no. 12 (December 31, 1994): 1219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1994v037n12abeh001453.

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19

Bai, Hongyu, Yanfang Bi, Ping Zhu, Qiyong Zhang, Keping Wu, Ming Zhuang, and Yibin Jin. "Cryogenics in EAST." Fusion Engineering and Design 81, no. 23-24 (November 2006): 2597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.07.048.

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20

TOGO, Shinichi. "Cryogenics and Tribology." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 94, no. 867 (1991): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.94.867_131.

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21

Klipping, G. "Space Cryogenics Workshop." Cryogenics 27, no. 1 (January 1987): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(87)90095-6.

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22

Van Sciver, S. W. "Space cryogenics workshop." Cryogenics 28, no. 2 (February 1988): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(88)90047-1.

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23

Frolec, J., T. Kralik, B. Bras, and M. Portaluppi. "A cryogenic method for testing thermal radiative properties of surfaces for space probes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1287, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1287/1/012023.

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Abstract We present a cryogenic method for testing of thermal radiative properties of materials commonly used in ground-based systems as well as for space probes. It is possible to measure total hemispherical emissivity or absorptivity of metallic or dielectric surfaces (0.1% - 100%) in the range of temperatures from 10 K up to 320 K of the source of thermal radiation. Emissivity of thermal control coatings for the space probe JUICE are presented together with other materials used for space exploration or cryogenics.
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24

Roe, D. R., and J. L. Currie. "British Cryogenics Council Symposium Safe Storage and Handling of Cryogenic Liquids." Cryogenics 28, no. 12 (December 1988): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(88)90173-7.

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25

D’Andrea, D. "Cryogenics in Fusion: Industrial Approach of Cryogenics Applied to Fusion Plants." Journal of Fusion Energy 38, no. 3-4 (October 13, 2018): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10894-018-0196-8.

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26

Chanpariyavatevong, Amarin, and Wanwanut Boongsood. "Tool Wear Characteristics of TiCn/Al2O3 Coated Carbide Inserts while Turning Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin under Cryogenic Cooling." Key Engineering Materials 891 (July 6, 2021): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.891.143.

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The main issue in machining glass fiber reinforced polymers is a rapid wearing of the cutting tool caused by the superior properties of the fiber reinforcement within the matrix. Cooling in machining processes reduces tool wear and extends tool life. Cryogenic cooling is an alternative method for effective, environmentally friendly, clean and safe cooling. This paper studied the tool wear characteristics of carbide inserts coated with TiCN and Al2O3 in turning glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin pipe. The cutting parameters were various, with cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and cutting conditions (without cooling and with cryogenic cooling). Not all cutting speeds that were cooled under cryogenics showed good outcomes. However, the experimental results suggest that using high cutting speed at 1800 rpm and high feed rate at 0.13 mm/rev, together with cryogenic cooling, can reduce the flank wear of the tool compared with no cooling.
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27

Ambekar, S. D., Sandeep Kadam, and S. A. Sonawane. "Comparative Study of Effect of Cryogenics Heat Treatment and Case Hardening on the Wear Property of 20MnCr5." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.435.

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This research is limited to study of wear resistance of 20MnCr5 (SAE 5120) alloy steel hardened by Carburizing and Cryogenics, which has wide application in industries like gears, shafts, bearings, pins etc. Cryogenics is used as a supplement treatment that is performed after carburizing. The abrasive wear study is performed on pin-on-disc tribotester. The counterface disc was kept same for both the heat treatments (carburizing and cryogenics). Sliding velocity of 0.8 m/s, 1.6 m/s, 2.4 m/s, Sliding Distance of 1200 m, 1400 m, 1600 m and Load of 3 kg, 4 kg and 5 kg were used to evaluate the wear resistance.
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28

TACHIKAWA, K. "Cryogenics and Materials Technology." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 21, no. 1 (1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.21.1.

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29

KYOTANI, Y. "Projects for cryogenics. Maglev." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 21 (1986): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.21.special_14.

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30

MURAKAMI, Masahide. "Progress in space cryogenics." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 25, no. 6 (1990): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.25.373.

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31

Kelly, Sean, Corin Segal, and John Peugeot. "Simulation of Cryogenics Cavitation." AIAA Journal 49, no. 11 (November 2011): 2502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.j051033.

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32

Pekola, Jukka, Robert Schoelkopf, and Joel Ullom. "Cryogenics on a Chip." Physics Today 57, no. 5 (May 2004): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1768673.

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33

Bradley, A. W., D. S. Akerib, X. Bai, S. Bedikian, E. Bernard, A. Bernstein, S. B. Cahn, et al. "LUX Cryogenics and Circulation." Physics Procedia 37 (2012): 1122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.734.

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34

Marullo-Reedtz, GianCarlo. "Cryogenics in fundamental metrology." Cryogenics 34 (January 1994): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-2275(05)80005-0.

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35

Puppo, Paola, and Fulvio Ricci. "Cryogenics and Einstein Telescope." General Relativity and Gravitation 43, no. 2 (June 25, 2010): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10714-010-1037-x.

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36

Chui, Talso, Burt Zhang, M. Barmatz, Inseob Hahn, Konstantin Penanen, Charles Hays, Donald Strayer, et al. "Cryogenics for lunar exploration." Cryogenics 46, no. 2-3 (February 2006): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.10.006.

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37

Shirron, Peter, and Kimberly Shirey. "2005 Space cryogenics workshop." Cryogenics 46, no. 2-3 (February 2006): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.12.007.

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38

Little, Sally Ann, and Leon J. Hastings. "2007 Space Cryogenics Workshop." Cryogenics 48, no. 5-6 (May 2008): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2008.03.005.

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39

Yuan, Sidney W., and Jose Rodriquez. "2009 Space Cryogenics Workshop." Cryogenics 50, no. 9 (September 2010): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.03.003.

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40

Johnson, Wesley, and Andrew Schnell. "2011 Space Cryogenics Workshop." Cryogenics 52, no. 4-6 (April 2012): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.01.008.

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41

Tyler, Neil. "Improving Reliability with Cryogenics." New Electronics 52, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0047-9624(22)60911-8.

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42

Srinivasan, R. "Advances in cryogenics: Proceedings of the International Conference on cryogenics, INCONCRYO-88." Cryogenics 31, no. 8 (August 1991): 768–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(91)90245-r.

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43

Creus Prats, J., D. Montanari, M. Adamowski, G. Cline, F. Matichard, M. Delaney, and A. Lawrence. "Status of LBNF/DUNE near site liquid argon proximity and external cryogenics systems development." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012084.

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Abstract The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) near site located at Fermilab will host the neutrino beam complex. It includes a high voltage liquid argon time projection chamber located 60-meter underground used as beamline instrumentation. The LAr cryogenic system provided by the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) regulates thermohydraulic conditions of the membrane cryostat hosting the detector with 285 Ton purified LAr. The purification system uses molecular sieve and copper oxide pellets to manage the argon contamination below 100 ppt (parts per trillion) oxygen equivalent. The detector and its cryogenics are capable to move a stroke of 30 meters on/off beam. The cryogenic system modes of operation include the cryostat pressure test, purge in open loop, detector cooldown, cryostat fill, closed loop purification, liquid empty, and purification system activation/regeneration process. The system design status and schedule, and technical details such as operating modes and interfaces are reported in this paper.
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44

Tixador, Pascal. "Concepts for HTS and MgB2 in Transformers." Advances in Science and Technology 47 (October 2006): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.47.195.

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After the emergence of AC NbTi strands, superconducting transformers were successfully built. But the very high cost of 4 K cryogenics made these transformers economically not attractive. The high Tc superconductors (HTS), operating at much higher temperatures, change these conclusions with low cost HTS conductors. The high cost of PIT tapes and the relatively large AC losses remain issues. The second generation HTS wires, the REBCO coated conductors, are under development and achieved substantial progress recently. They operate at higher temperatures and intrinsically show lower AC losses especially for transformers. MgB2 is the third option. The magnetic flux density conditions make possible the operation at 27 K and they show low costs. This paper provides a preliminary design for an on-board 40 MVA transformer using YBCO coated conductors and MgB2 wires. Both superconducting transformers show similar volume and weight. The power density per unit mass and volume is improved by a factor about two, cryogenic included, compared to resistive systems. This makes them very attractive for on-board mobile systems. The economical point of view will be discussed based on some targets price/performance for superconductors and cryocoolers. MgB2 is penalized by its operation at lower temperature (27 K / 77 K), which makes cryogenics very expensive. The advantage of the low cost of MgB2 compared to REBCO may be lost except with very low AC loss MgB2 tapes.
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45

Bradu, B., K. Brodzinski, V. Gahier, G. Ferlin, and M. Younes-Cronnier. "LHC low-beta quadrupole magnets: cryogenic refrigeration capacity and improved controls for luminosity optimization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 8 (January 1, 2024): 082023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/8/082023.

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Abstract The LHC low-β quadrupole magnets, also known as “Inner Triplets”, are the final focusing magnets located on each side of LHC interaction points. The current LHC Inner triplets are NbTi superconducting magnets operated in superfluid helium at 1.9 K and use a bayonet heat exchanger to extract the heat deposited by the secondary particles coming from the proton collisions. The dynamic heat loads in Inner Triplet are consequently proportional to the LHC luminosity and due to the recent upgrades of LHC and its injectors, the cryogenic capacity limit can be reached around ATLAS and CMS experiments where the luminosity can go slightly beyond the LHC ultimate luminosity. First, this paper summarizes the history of the Inner Triplet cryogenics with the different tests performed in the past to assess their cooling capacity. Then, the different techniques implemented in the cryogenic control system to handle the luminosity transients are detailed and finally, a new control interaction between the cryogenic system and the LHC luminosity server is detailed to optimize online the LHC luminosity.
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46

Kumar, Devender, and R. S. Mishra. "Thermal analysis of a Claude system for Liquefaction of Various Gases." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 1, no. 1 (2013): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.111307.

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From various Cryogenics systems a detailed thermo analysis of Claude cryogenic system for various gases is done. A comprehensive Second law analysis of Claude system is carried out by using various properties variables in system to find out the more efficient statics of system included exergy efficiency of system After a applying numerical computational technique to Claude system it find out the Methane gas is more suitable than any other observed gas and 350 and 500 bar is best compressor pressure per kg of gas, other han this it is noticed from analysis that the inlet pressure is kept between in range of 3 to 5 bar and inlet temperature is kept below for high second law efficiency.
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47

SHIMAMOTO, S. "Projects for cryogenics. Nuclear fusion." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 21 (1986): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.21.special_16.

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48

Rubin, Lawrence G. "Focus on vacuum and cryogenics." Physics Today 60, no. 10 (October 2007): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2800105.

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49

Mandelis, Andreas. "Focus on vacuum and cryogenics." Physics Today 65, no. 10 (October 2012): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.1757.

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50

Mandelis, Andreas. "Focus on vacuum and cryogenics." Physics Today 66, no. 10 (October 2013): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.2154.

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