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Journal articles on the topic 'Cryptogams'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Qu, Meixue, Wenbiao Duan, and Lixin Chen. "The Role of Cryptogams in Soil Property Regulation and Vascular Plant Regeneration: A Review." Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010002.

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Despite their small size, cryptogams (lichen, liverwort, and moss) are important for ecosystem stability. Due to their strong stress resistance, cryptogams often cover extreme environments uninhabitable for vascular plants, which has an important impact on the material cycle and energy flow of various terrestrial ecosystems. In this article, we review and discuss the effects of cryptogams on soil properties (moisture and fertility) and vascular plant regeneration over the past two decades. Cryptogams strongly affect soil water content by influencing precipitation infiltration, non-rainfall water input, soil evaporation, soil water holding capacity, and soil permeability, ultimately helping to reduce soil water content in areas with low annual precipitation (<500 mm). However, in areas with high annual precipitation (>600 mm) or where the soil has other water sources, the presence of cryptograms is conducive to soil water accumulation. Cryptogam plants can increase soil fertility and the availability of soil nutrients (TOC, TN, TP, TK, and micronutrients) in harsh environments, but their effects in mild environments have not been sufficiently investigated. Cryptogam plants exert complex effects on vascular plant regeneration in different environments. The primary influence pathways include the physical barrier of seed distribution, shading, allelopathy, competition, influences on ectomycorrhizal development and individual reproduction, and the regulation of soil water content, temperature, and nutrients.

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2

Aszalósné Balogh, Rebeka, Edit Farkas, Júlia Tüdősné Budai, László Lőkös, and Gábor Matus. "Cryptogamic Biomass in Pannonic Acidic Sand Steppes Subject to Changing Land-Use." Plants 12, no. 16 (August 17, 2023): 2972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12162972.

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Cryptogams, often neglected in vegetation dynamics studies, compose a large part of biomass and contribute to the biodiversity of sandy grasslands. Since the work of Verseghy (1970s), their productivity has not been analyzed in Hungary. We studied the lichen and bryophyte dynamics (hereinafter called cryptogams) at two Eastern Hungarian dry sandy grassland sites. The sites of Corynephorus canescens and of Festuca vaginata dominance, respectively, belonging to the community Festuco vaginatae–Corynephoretum have been monitored. We aimed at (1) quantifying the diversity and biomass of the cryptogamic communities; (2) exploring the cryptogamic response to management changes; and (3) studying the effect of experimental management (fencing) on the cryptogamic assemblages. The sites have been compared in 2013 and 2018, respectively. Forty microplots per site per management have been analyzed in both years. Samples of lichens and bryophytes were hand-sorted, dried and then measured. Fencing has led to increased biomass of cryptogams within a few years. Lichens in general benefited comparatively more from exclosure than bryophytes. The increase in lichen biomass (especially that of Cladonia rangiformis) is clearly due to the over 10-year absence of grazing. The only lichen favored by moderate grazing is the legally protected C. magyarica. Short spells of low-intensity grazing can promote the species richness of cryptogams in the community.

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3

Kinnell, PIA, CJ Chartres, and CL Watson. "The effects of fire on the soil in a degraded semiarid woodland .II. Susceptibility of the soil to erosion by shallow rain impacted flow." Soil Research 28, no. 5 (1990): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900779.

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Small (500 by 250 by 100 mm) soil monoliths collected from experimental plots subjected to various fire frequencies in a semi-arid woodland near Coolabah, N.S.W., were tested for their susceptibility to erosion by rain-impacted flows under laboratory conditions. In the tests, the erosive stress applied to the soil surfaces was controlled by using drops of uniform size (2.7 mm) falling 11.2 m onto flows whose depths were controlled between 1 and 2.7 drop diameters. Experimental data and thin-section observations showed that cryptogams provide a high degree of protection against erosion. Sediment concentration (measured in g L-1) from cryptogam-covered plots was considerably less than that from both bare-crusted surfaces and surfaces dominated by depositional material. Surfaces with cryptogamic crusts were generally free of debris, but showed only minor signs of erosion, whereas bare-crusted and depositionary surfaces suffered pronounced lowering and tended to disintegrate. Because increasing fire frequency reduces the spatial distribution of the cryptogamic cover on the soil surface in the semi-arid woodlands, increasing fire frequency must increase the erosion hazard.

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4

Bokhorst, Stef, and Peter Convey. "Impact of marine vertebrates on Antarctic terrestrial micro-arthropods." Antarctic Science 28, no. 3 (February 3, 2016): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102015000607.

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AbstractTraits of primary producers associated with tissue quality are commonly assumed to have strong control over higher trophic levels. However, this view is largely based on studies of vascular plants, and cryptogamic vegetation has received far less attention. In this study natural gradients in nutrient concentrations in cryptogams associated with the proximity of penguin colonies on a Maritime Antarctic island were utilized to quantify the impact of nitrogen content on micro-arthropod communities. Proximity to penguin colonies increased the nitrogen concentration of cryptogams, and the penguin source was confirmed by decreasing δ15N values at greater distances from colonies. Micro-arthropod abundance, diversity (H’) and richness declined with distance from the penguin colonies, and was positively correlated with the nitrogen concentrations of cryptogams. Δ15N of micro-arthropods was positively correlated (r2=0.865, P<0.01) with δ15N of the moss Andreaea depressinervis indicating that penguin-derived nitrogen moves through Antarctic food webs across multiple trophic levels. Nitrogen content of cryptogams was correlated with associated micro-arthropods indicating that biotic interactions affect community development in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. The spatial patterns of Antarctic biodiversity can therefore be affected by local factors, such as marine vertebrates, beyond existing latitudinal patterns of temperature and water availability.

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5

Newmaster, Steven G., and F. Wayne Bell. "The effects of silvicultural disturbances on cryptogam diversity in the boreal-mixedwood forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-163.

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In northern forests, cryptogams (spore producing plants) occupy a key position in forest ecosystem diversity and function. Forest harvesting and silvicultural practices have the potential to reduce cryptogam diversity. This project uses four blocks that were mechanically site prepared, planted with a single conifer species, and subsequently subjected to five conifer release treatments: (1) motor-manual cleaning, (2) mechanical brush cutting, (3) aerial application of triclopyr, (4) aerial application of glyphosate, and (5) control (untreated clearcut). Five 10 × 10 m subplots were installed in each of the five treatment plots and the uncut forest on the four blocks. Botanical surveys were conducted before and 15 years after treatments. Species richness and abundance, Shannon's and Heip's indices, and rank abundance diagrams clearly show that richness and abundance were affected by silvicultural treatments. Vegetation management treatments resulted in significant reductions in cryptogam diversity, to the point that only a few colonists and drought-tolerant species remained. Cryptogam diversity was ranked in the following order: forest > clearcut > mechanical clearing > herbicide treatment. Herbicide treatments had the greatest initial effect on species richness, species abundance, and diversity indices. Cryptogam diversity showed signs of recovery 5 years after treatments. Missed strips (untreated areas) within a clearcut provided a refuge for remnant communities of forest cryptogams that could play a key role in the rehabilitation forest diversity.

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6

Greene, RSB, CJ Chartres, and KC Hodgkinson. "The effects of fire on the soil in a degraded semiarid woodland .I. Cryptogam cover and physical and micromorphological properties." Soil Research 28, no. 5 (1990): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900755.

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The effects of fire on the cryptogam cover and physical and micromorphological properties of a massive red earth soil were studied in a semi-arid eucalypt woodland, heavily invaded by shrubs, near Coolabah, N.S.W. Fire reduced the cryptogam cover and concomitantly increased the depositional material produced by erosion and the area of bare surface. Annual fires for 7 years completely destroyed the cryptogamic crusts, but they recovered slowly in the absence of fire to reach the same cover as unburnt areas after about 4 years. A single fire also caused a major decline in aggregate stability of the 0-1 cm horizon, possibly because of alteration of organic cementing materials which consist of gels secreted by algae. Micromorphological observations of surface crusts showed that, as the frequency of fire increased, there was more depositional material produced by erosion coupled with the presence of thin laminated deposits. There was also less surface irregularity, fewer algal gels and less evidence of soil mixing by soil fauna. There was a significant negative relationship between the saturated infiltration rate and the number of fires (r2 = 0.63, P = 0.05). However, there was no effect of fire treatment on the unsaturated infiltration rate measured at a supply pressure of -40 mm, at which pores >0.75 mm diameter are excluded from water flow. In our burned plots, the rate of recolonization by cryptogams was relatively fast and, with approximately 4 years recovery, cryptogam cover reached the level of unburned controls. This cryptogam cover is critical in maintaining the physical properties of the soil. It is concluded, therefore, that irregular fires in this land system will not result in a permanent decline in the physical properties of the soil.

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7

Bassey, M. E., E. D. Anwana, E. O. Mbong, and O. T. Umoh. "Diversity and distribution of vascular cryptogams in relation to elevation gradient in Osomba range of the Cross River National Park, Cross River State, Nigeria." World Journal of Applied Science & Technology 15, no. 1 (November 28, 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v15i1.26.

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Vascular cryptogams also known as Pteridophytes have been found to colonize the lower altitudes of world’s tropical forest regions. Hence, a study to establish the relationship existing between elevation gradient and Pteridophytes heterogeneity and distribution within Osomba Range, Cross River State, Nigeria was carried out. In this study, we delineated four elevation classes and enumerated the vascular cryptogam communities found at each level within the range using standard scientific protocol. Shannon-Wiener's (3.434 and 2.833) and Simpson’s indices of diversity (0.968 and 0.941) as well as Taxa (31 and 17) assumed a dump bell pattern with peak values associated with the mid-elevation classes (178 -205m and 232 – 240m) respectively. On the contrary, dominance followed an inverted dump bell distribution with its optimum (0.1667 and 0.2500) skewed towards the extreme elevation classes (297 – 295 m and 347- 405 m). Correlation analysis imprinted a significant (P<0.05) positive relationship between altitude and dominance (0.867*) but an inverse relationship between elevation and Simpson diversity (-0.867*). 178- 205 m and 232-240 m elevation classes were more comparable with lesser species heterogeneity judging from Bray and Curtis (0.458), Simpson (0.647) and Jaccard (0.297) similarity indices respectively. Conclusively, forty-nine (49) species of vascular cryptogams were identified and their occurrence seemed patchy in distribution along the gradient. This is an indication that elevation is an important factor amongst the suite of ecological drivers which determine the diversity of this critical group of plants. Further investigation on individual species response to ecological gradient is recommended as this will enhance the conservation of these vascular cryptogams within and outside the study area.

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8

Bell, Peter R. "The life cycles of cryptogams." Acta Botanica Malacitana 16 (December 1, 1991): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v16i.9126.

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Meiosis and karyogamy are recognized as control points in the life cycle of cryptogams. The control of meiosis is evidently complex and in yeast, and by analogy in all cryptogams, involves progressive gene activation. The causes of the delay in meiosis in diplohaplontic and diplontic organisms, and the manner in which the block is removed remain to be discovered. There is accumulating evidence that cytoplasmic RNA plays an important role in meiotic division. Many features of gametogenesis are still obscure. The tendency to oogamy has provided the opportunity for the laying down of long-lived messenger RNA in the abundant cytoplasm of the female gamete. The sporophytic nature of the developing zygote can in this way be partially pre-determined. There is evidence that this is the situation in the ferns. Specific molecules (probably arabino-galacto-proteins) on the surface of the plasma membrane are likely to account both for gametic selection, and the readiness with which appropriate gametes fuse. The dikaryotic condition indicates that nuclear fusion is not inevitable following plasmogamy. The ultimate fusion of the nuclei may result from quite simple changes in the nuclear surface. Exposure of lipid, for example, would lead to fusion as a result of hydrophobic forces. Aberrations of cryptogamic life cycles are numerous. The nuclear relationships of many aberrant cycles are unknown. In general it appears that the maintenance of sporophytic growth depends upon the presence of at least two sets of chromosomes. Conversely the maintenance of gametophytic growth in cultures obtained aposporously appears to be impossible in the presence of four sets of chromosomes, or more. These results raise important problems of the effect of gene dosage on development.

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9

Ellis, Christopher J. "A Role for Lichens in Botanic Gardens?" Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 6 (October 31, 2008): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2008.40.

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Lichens are biologically diverse and ecologically important. They infuse a botanic garden with character, and are sensitive indicators for the health of our environment. Their continued recolonization of botanic gardens should be celebrated, yet is frequently greeted with trepidation. Acknowledging the under-played significance of lichens and other cryptogams, PlantNetwork organized a conference on Mosses, Ferns and Lichens in Gardens (September 2007). This article summarizes a talk presented at the PlantNetwork conference. It discusses the role of lichens in botanic gardens, and also includes general themes (aesthetics, monitoring and education) which may be applied across other cryptogam groups, for example mosses, liverworts, ferns and non-lichenized fungi.

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10

Ferguson, Anneka V., Emma J. Pharo, Jamie B. Kirkpatrick, and Jon B. Marsden-Smedley. "The early effects of fire and grazing on bryophytes and lichens in tussock grassland and hummock sedgeland in north-eastern Tasmania." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 7 (2009): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09131.

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Little is known of the interactive effects of fire and grazing on cryptogam species and assemblages. These effects were observed for bryophyte and lichen species in Tasmanian tussock grassland and hummock sedgeland several months after experimental burning and fencing. A factorial design was used on 40 randomly located and treated pairs of 1 m × 1 m quadrats in each of the vegetation types. In total, 24 cryptogam taxa were found, with grassland having a greater taxon richness, as well as higher total cryptogam cover and a different species composition, to the hummock sedgeland. There was greater cryptogam cover in the burned quadrats than the unburned quadrats in the grassland. However, only bryophytes had different species composition between burned and unburned quadrats. There was a small but significant difference in richness in hummock sedgeland, with burned being richer than unburned. Three species were more abundant in the burned than in the unburned treatments in the grassland, whereas no species responded to treatment in the sedgeland and no species responded to grazing. The fact that no species or assemblage of species was significantly reduced in cover by the burns testifies to a high degree of cryptogam resilience to this disturbance. The total lack of negative grazing effects suggests cryptogams are not a major source of sustenance for the local vertebrate herbivores. These conclusions differ from those made elsewhere in the world.

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11

Melekhin, Alexey V., Denis A. Davydov, Eugene A. Borovichev, Sergei S. Shalygin, and Nadezhda A. Konstantinova. "CRIS – service for input, storage and analysis of the biodiversity data of the cryptogams." Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 56 (September 6, 2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2019.56.10.

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Here we describe Cryptogamic Russian Information System (CRIS), a web service cataloguing the biodiversity of cryptogams: cyanobacteria, fungi (including lichens), and bryophytes. CRIS incorporates a wide spectrum of data types, allowing for greater ease of use. It is possible to print the labels for herbarium collections, to input literature references, media files, etc., using CRIS which has a flexible interface and specific technical abilities. Currently, CRIS contains ~ 90,000 herbarium records, including 67,861 records of bryophytes, 12,486 records of lichens and 3,800 records of cyanobacteria. Data analysis of the different taxonomic groups is provided below. Perspectives and directions for the future development of CRIS are discussed.

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12

Paliwal, G. S. "Phloem in Pinophyta." Journal of Palaeosciences 41 (December 31, 1992): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1992.1112.

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The gymnospermous phloem shows major differences from those of the cryptogams on one hand and the angiosperms on the other. These include both the type of conducting cells as well as the cellular composition. Even more important is the degree and nature of functional inter-relationship between the conducting and parenchyma cells. The following evolutionary trends have been suggested. Increase in the amount of axial parenchyma; Decrease in the number of albuminous cells in the rays; Increase in the axial albuminous cells; Increase in the fibres; Increase in the regular arrangement of cells. The work on the fossil taxa does provide variable support to these suggestions. It is generally believed that the cryptogamic sieve element arose from a parenchyma cell and all the phloem produced in the fossil lycopods, Sphenopsida and ferns is primary in origin. Here the phloem consists of either sieve elements only or the sieve elements with scattered parenchyma cells. There is no definite relationship between the conducting elements and the parenchyma cells as seen in the seed plants. Additional parenchyma is often present in the form of a sheath separating the xylem from the narrow phloem tissue. The typical cryptogamic sieve elements are identical to the elongate parenchyma cells. These are relatively small in diameter, longer than the parenchyma cells but shorter than the gymnospermous sieve cells. In some taxa, the sieve elements are of two sizes: large (up to 600µm) and small (between 100-1500 µm). The end walls of the cryptogamous sieve elements are horizontal or slightly oblique and the sieve areas are small and vary markedly in their outline. The sieve pores occur in the sieve areas as well as scattered on the vertical walls. The callose deposition has been found in Psilotum, lycopods and the ferns.

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13

Chapman, B. E., D. J. Roser, and R. D. Seppelt. "13C NMR analysis of Antarctic cryptogam extracts." Antarctic Science 6, no. 3 (September 1994): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000465.

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Water soluble compounds were extracted from the dominant cryptogams of the Windmill Islands, Wilkes Land, and compared with standard polyols, sugars and amino acids using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Previous findings for sugars and polyols from gas liquid chromatorgraphy were validated and extended. Arabitol, ribitol and mannitol were confirmed as the major soluble carbohydrate compounds in all lichen species examined. Sucrose, fructose and glucose, but no polyols were detected in two species of moss. Sorbitol was confirmed as a major component of the algae Prasiola crispa and Schizogonium murale. Mesotaenium bergrenii was confirmed to contain sucrose and glucose. No significant quantities of sugars or polyols or any other compound were found in extracts of the red snow alga Chloromonas sp.1. Amino acids were detected in the majority of cryptogam samples and were particularly abundant in the algae P. crispa and S. murale. In the latter species the total identified acids ranged from 13.5–66mg g-1 dry weight. In addition to the common amino acid components of proteins, betaine and γ-amino-butyric acid were detected, the latter being particularly abundant, being found widely in the moss, lichen and algae. Several unknown carbohydrates were characterized. Usnea sphacelata, U. antarctica and Pseudephebe minuscula contained a deoxy-hexitol, Grimmia antarctici contained resonance peaks consistent with a trisaccharide containing a sucrose moiety and Umbilicaria decussata possibly contained a glucose-arabitol dimer. 13C NMR was confirmed as a powerful tool for the characterization of low molecular weight constituents of Antarctic cryptogams.

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14

Díaz, Juan, Luis Montaño, Paul Salinas, and Ángel Benítez. "Epiphytic Cryptogams as Bioindicators of Air Quality in a Tropical Andean City." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 11218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011218.

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Air pollution is one of the main environmental problems in developed and developing countries. Epiphytic cryptogams (bryophytes and lichens) are proposed as a reliable indicator to detect environmental changes, given to their sensitivity to pollutants. In this study we evaluated air quality in the city of Ambato using bryophytes and epiphytic lichens on three land uses (urban, peri-urban and control). In each zone we selected ten trees (a total of 90 trees) for each station (a total of nine stations), where we recorded the frequency and cover of epiphytic cryptogams in a quadrat of 10 × 50 cm that was divided into 5 × 5 cm squares. Differences in richness, index of atmospheric purity (IAP) and diversity were analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) and changes in species composition using multivariate analysis. We recorded 39 species of cryptogams (25 lichens and 14 bryophytes). Richness, diversity and index of atmospheric purity were higher in the control zone compared to the urbanized zones. Community composition changed between the different zones, with increasing differences between the control and urban zones. The urban areas of the city of Ambato were identified with high levels of air pollution due to their lower diversity related to higher vehicular traffic and industrial activities (e.g., footwear and textile factories, tanneries). Thus, epiphytic cryptogams are a fast and low-cost method for air quality assessment in tropical areas.

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15

Hylander, Kristoffer, and Bengt Gunnar Jonsson. "The conservation ecology of cryptogams." Biological Conservation 135, no. 3 (March 2007): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.019.

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16

Steere, William C., and Hiroshi Inoue. "Studies on Cryptogams in Southern Chile." Bryologist 88, no. 2 (1985): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3242602.

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Björn, Lars Olof. "Stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and cryptogams." Biological Conservation 135, no. 3 (March 2007): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.006.

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18

Gibbs Russell, G. E., C. Reid, L. Fish, G. Germishuizen, M. Van Wyk, and J. Van Rooy. "New taxa, new records and name changes for southern African plants." Bothalia 17, no. 2 (October 23, 1987): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v17i2.1043.

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Alterations for the year 1986 to the inventory maintained in PRECIS are reported for bryophytes, pteridophytes and monocotyledons, and for a few dicotyledons. For the cryptogams and monocots there are 77 newly described species or infraspecific taxa, 27 names brought back into use, and nine species newly reported for southern Africa, resulting in 113 additions to the total list of species. Five species were removed because they were mistakenly recorded from the area. Seventy-five names have gone into synonymy, there are 52 new combinations, and there are 35 orthographic corrections, resulting in 237 alterations to the list of species. The total of 355 additions, deletions and alterations represents about 5% of the total species and infraspecific taxa for the cryptogams and monocots.

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19

Benítez, Ángel, Erika Yangua-Solano, and Leslye Ruiz. "Schinus molle como refugio para la diversidad de criptógamas epífitas indicadores de contaminación del aire en Quito, Ecuador." Manglar 20, no. 4 (December 17, 2023): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2023.040.

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Air pollution in urban areas due to automotive and industrial emissions is a global problem, including the city of Quito- Ecuador. In this context, previous studies have pointed out the effective use of bioindicators of air quality using epiphytic cryptogams (bryophytes and lichens), which are pollutant-sensitive organisms because they absorb water and nutrients from the environment. In this study, we determined for the first time the changes in the richness and composition epiphytic cryptogams in the host tree Schinus molle comparing areas of high, medium, and low vehicular traffic. For this purpose, we registered the frequency and coverage of lichens and bryophytes with a grid of 10 x 50 cm, divided into twenty squares of 5 x 5 cm on Schinus molle trees. We recorded 30 species (23 lichens and 7 bryophytes). Richness, cover and diversity did not indicate changes in relation to vehicular traffic, however, the composition of the communities indicated slight changes in relation to vehicular traffic. Species composition indicated changes in relation to vehicular traffic, where species of the genera Leptogium and Teloschistes were dominant in low traffic areas, conversely species of genera Candelaria, Physcia and Frullania was observed in areas with higher traffic that are tolerant to pollution. Schinus molle is a very important species as a refuge for diversity of epiphytic cryptogams in urban areas.

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20

Watling, Roy. "Cryptogams in a Horticultural Setting in Scotland." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 5 (October 31, 2007): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2007.11.

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The exhibiting of living cryptogams at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh and Dawyck Botanic Garden is described with the hope that from the management procedures experienced, other institutions will follow and demonstrate to the public these important components of our natural heritage.

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21

Kucherov, Ilya, Galina Grishutkina, Victoria Teleganova, and Alexey Potemkin. "Diagnostic potential of epiphytic bryophytes in forest vegetation classification." BIO Web of Conferences 38 (2021): 00065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213800065.

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The article reveals that epiphytic and epixylic bryophytes could be successfully used as differentials in classification of forest communities together with vascular plants and epigeic cryptogams, the fact proved for broadleaved forests in European Russia.

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22

Tavili, Ali, Mohammad Jafari, Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki, and Mohammad Sohrabi. "How do Cryptogams Affect Vascular Plant Establishment?" Cryptogamie, Bryologie 38, no. 3 (July 2017): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7872/cryb/v38.iss3.2017.313.

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23

Buczkó, Krisztina, Csilla Stenger-Kovács, Mária Höhn, László Lőkös, Erzsébet Szurdoki, Katalin Báldi, and János Korponai. "CRYPTIC 2023: CRYPTOGAMS' TRAITS IN THE CARPATHIANS." Acta Biologica Plantarum Agriensis 11, no. 2 (2023): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21406/abpa.2023.11.2.4.

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24

Scott, David, Neil G. Bayfield, Alexander Cernusca, and David A. Elston. "Use of a weighing lysimeter system to assess the effects of trampling on evapotranspiration of montane plant communities." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-049.

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The aim was to investigate the impacts of trampling on water loss and partitioning in vegetation with contrasting structure and species composition. A new design of weighing lysimeter was used in glasshouse experiments to compare evapotranspiration from intact and trampled blocks of vegetation. The lysimeter system was able to detect differences between treatments after only a few hours. Evapotranspiration was recorded for six communities, representative of cryptogam - vascular plant communities found in the Cairngorm Mountains of Scotland. Vegetation blocks of Racomitrium and Vaccinium/Hylocomium heath communities had the greatest cumulative evapotranspiration and lichen heath the least over 48 h. Blocks from three of the communities (Agrostis/Festuca grassland, Calluna wet heath, and lichen heath) were used in a trampling experiment with five levels of damage. Trampling progressively destroyed the structure of the vegetation of all communities and increased the rates of water loss from the blocks. The grassland community vegetation was the most resilient. These results help to link the massive changes in vegetation structure resulting from trampling to effects on water loss and microclimate.Key words: weighing lysimeter, evapotranspiration, recreation, trampling, cryptogams, montane vegetation.

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Osorio-Zuñiga, Felipe, Francisco E. Fontúrbel, and Håkan Rydin. "Evidence of mutualistic synzoochory between cryptogams and hummingbirds." Oikos 123, no. 5 (January 21, 2014): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.01027.x.

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Kappen, L., M. Meyer, and M. Bölter. "Ecological and Physiological Investigations in Continental Antarctic Cryptogams." Flora 184, no. 3 (1990): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-2530(17)31612-2.

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27

Schlensog, M., S. Pannewitz, T. G. A. Green, and B. Schroeter. "Metabolic recovery of continental antarctic cryptogams after winter." Polar Biology 27, no. 7 (June 1, 2004): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-004-0606-4.

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28

Schulten, Julia A. "SOIL AGGREGATION BY CRYPTOGAMS OF A SAND PRAIRIE." American Journal of Botany 72, no. 11 (November 1985): 1657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08433.x.

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Canters, K. J., H. Schöllerj, S. Ott, and H. M. Jahns. "Microclimatic Influences on Lichen Distribution and Community Development." Lichenologist 23, no. 3 (July 1991): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282991000403.

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AbstractThe distribution of cryptogams and phanerogams and the microclimate of different habitats have been studied. It is shown that a forest community of phanerogams includes an assemblage of different microhabitats inhabited by different lichens and mosses. The distribution of lichens and mosses is governed by factors that are often of little importance to higher plants.

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30

Fryday, Alan M., and Karen L. Dillman. "A preliminary investigation of the lichen biota associated with recently deglaciated terrain in southeastern Alaska." Botany 100, no. 3 (March 2022): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0087.

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Glaciers worldwide are currently retreating at unprecedented rates, revealing large tracts of newly exposed rock and till. We present the results of a preliminary, qualitative investigation of the lichen diversity of transient habitats near three glaciers in southeastern Alaska: Muir Glacier within Glacier Bay National Park, and Baird and Patterson Glaciers in the Tongass National Forest. This work is noteworthy as it (i) documents previously undescribed lichen species and communities within rapidly changing glacier habitats, (ii) illustrates the importance of cryptogams (lichens, bryophytes, algae, and cyanobacteria) in the primary colonization of recently deglaciated terrain, (iii) sets apart the lichen biota of recently deglaciated terrain in southeastern Alaska from that of other glacial regions worldwide (e.g., the European Alps, Svalbard, and southern South America) and even other parts of Alaska (e.g., Brooks Range), and (iv) emphasizes the importance of more lichen studies that focus on this rapidly changing habitat. The lichen biotas found at different successional stages near these glaciers are described and compared. The role of lichens and other cryptogams in post-glacial vegetation initiation, the threats to the lichen biota, and suggestions for the possible origins of the lichen propagules that colonize these newly exposed surfaces are also discussed.

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31

Kruys, Nicholas, Clas Fries, Bengt Gunnar Jonsson, Tomas Lämås, and Göran Ståhl. "Wood-inhabiting cryptogams on dead Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees in managed Swedish boreal forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-191.

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We surveyed the quantity and quality of dead Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees and wood-inhabiting cryptogams in a managed boreal forest landscape in northern Sweden. Size and decay of dead trees was related to substrate utilization by wood-inhabiting species. Coarse woody debris (CWD) was surveyed along 34 strip transects. CWD and wood-inhabiting cryptogams were surveyed in eight circular plots at each site. A total of 6195 spruce CWD units occurred along strip transects and 809 spruce CWD units in circular plots. On average 2.2 m3/ha spruce CWD was found on the plots. The majority (63%) of the transect CWD units were <10 cm diameter and in early to intermediate decay stages. Sixty-eight wood-specific species of fungi, lichens, mosses, and hepatics occurred on the plots. Of these, 13 occurred on [Formula: see text]5% of the 809 CWD units surveyed for wood-inhabiting species. Eight species occur on the Swedish red lists, indicating that such species are indeed uncommon in managed forests. Red-listed species showed strong preferences for large diameter CWD and CWD in late decay stages, i.e., substrates that are poorly represented in managed forests. Frequently occurring species, however, showed utilization patterns that correspond with the distribution of the substrate types.

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32

Sabovljevic, Marko. "Life strategies of bryophytes on loess cliffs in Vojvodina, Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 56, no. 3-4 (2004): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0404127s.

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The loess cliffs of Vojvodina present a special ecosystem type. The main plant components in these habitats are cryptogams (bryophytes and lichens). The biology and life strategies of bryophytes recorded on loess in Vojvodina are studied in the present work, whose results confirm a very special ecology in such habitats. Colonist species with xeropottioid characteristics are dominant among bryophytes. It is stressed that loess cliff habitats are especially important from the standpoint of conservation.

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., Poonam, and Hem Chander. "Floristic Studies on Cryptogams of Sarkaghat region in HimachalPradesh, India." Journal of Biological and Chemical Chronicles 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33980/jbcc.2020.v06i02.004.

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34

G., D. A., and E. Punithalingam. "Ascochyta II. Species on Monocotyledons (Excluding Grasses), Cryptogams and Gymnosperms." Mycologia 81, no. 3 (May 1989): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760094.

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35

Pérez-Llamazares, Alicia, J. Ángel Fernández, Alejo Carballeira, and Jesús R. Aboal. "The sequential elution technique applied to cryptogams: a literature review." Journal of Bryology 33, no. 4 (December 2011): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743282011y.0000000010.

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Pérez, Francisco L. "Vagant cryptogams in a paramo of the high Venezuelan Andes." Flora 189, no. 3 (September 1994): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-2530(17)30601-1.

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37

Millar, Alan J. K. "Plant resources of south-east Asia. 15(1). Cryptogams: Algae." Phycologia 41, no. 3 (May 2002): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-41-3-309.1.

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Caruso, Alexandro, Jörgen Rudolphi, and Håkan Rydin. "Positive Edge Effects on Forest-Interior Cryptogams in Clear-Cuts." PLoS ONE 6, no. 11 (November 17, 2011): e27936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027936.

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39

Jessup, Steven L. "Pacific Northwest sea stack cryptogams: I. Scapania scandica in Oregon." Evansia 18, no. 3 (2001): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.346518.

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40

Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Marisol Pizarro, Marta María Caballero, Raúl Cordero, and Gustavo E. Zúiga. "Non-structural carbohydrate content in cryptogamic Antarctic species after two years of passive warming on the Fildes Peninsula." Czech Polar Reports 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2015-1-9.

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Cryptogamic vegetation dominates the ice-free areas of the maritime Antarctic. This particular flora grows slowly due to extreme environmental conditions, typically low temperature that may limit growth during a short summer. Over the last 50 years, the Antarctic Peninsula has undergone the highest registered temperature increases in Antarctica. As a consequence of higher temperatures, we hypothesized that lichens and mosses would produce more carbohydrates. To test this, open top chambers (OTCs) were installed in an Usnea-Himantormia community on Fildes Peninsula of King George Island. After two years, lichen thalli and plant tissues were collected to quantify non-structural carbohydrates in three lichens and two mosses. Responses contrasted between species. While non-structural carbohydrates were higher in the OTC for the lichen Himantormia lugubris, the values decreased in the moss Polytrichastrum alpinum. No marked responses to experimental warming were observed in the other three species. A significant species-specific increase in soluble sugar was observed inside the OTCs, while polyols content were not markedly different due to OTC treatment. In general, the obtained results indicate that warming does not increase carbohydrate content in all cryptogams, instead suggesting a strong species-specific response to a scenario of global warming. Further long-term warming experiments are needed to assess the responses of target species in the terrestrial Antarctic ecosystem.

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41

Węgrzyn, Michał H., Patrycja Fałowska, Karima Alzayany, Karolina Waszkiewicz, Patrycja Dziurowicz, and Paulina Wietrzyk-Pełka. "Seasonal Changes in the Photosynthetic Activity of Terrestrial Lichens and Mosses in the Lichen Scots Pine Forest Habitat." Diversity 13, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13120642.

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Photosynthetic activity is one of the most important metabolic processes that can be quickly and easily studied in the field. It can be used for identifying the environmental factors affecting ecosystem balance, as any stressor influencing metabolic and physiological processes will have a measurable effect on photosynthesis. The aim of this study was to measure the photosynthetic activity of selected lichens and mosses and investigate its changes resulted from diurnal and seasonal variability. We studied two lichens (Cladonia mitis Sandst and Cladonia uncialis (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) and two mosses (Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. and Dicranum scoparium (L.) Hedw.). Samples were collected in the area of lichen Scots pine forest of the “Bory Tucholskie” National Park. Our study revealed that the photosynthetic activity of cryptogams depended on species, season, time of the day, and water availability. Cladonia species, which are the main component of lichen Scots pine forests, have higher photosynthetic activity than Pleurozium schreberi, which represents species of fresh coniferous forests. Photosynthetic activity increased from spring through summer and reached the highest values in autumn. It was also higher in soaked samples collected in the morning and afternoon compared to noon. Despite the water access, noon samples still showed the lowest activity. This can result from natural changes in humidity during the day to which cryptogams are well-adapted.

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Thakur, Poonam, and Hem Chander. "Floristic Studies on Cryptogams of Sujanpur-Tihra region of Himachal Pradesh." Asian Journal of Advanced Basic Sciences 8, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33980/ajabs.2020.v08i02.004.

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43

Nguyen, My Lien T. "Plant Resources of South East Asia. No 15(1). Cryptogams: Algae." Economic Botany 57, no. 2 (April 2003): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0289:prosea]2.0.co;2.

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44

Rastorfer, James R. "Cold Cryptogams Biology of Polar Bryophytes and Lichens R. E. Longton." BioScience 40, no. 3 (March 1990): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311369.

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45

Brandham, P. E., W. F. Prud'homme van Reine, and G. C. Trono Jr. "PROSEA. Plant Resources of South-East Asia 15 (1) Cryptogams: Algae." Kew Bulletin 57, no. 2 (2002): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4111122.

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46

Ledent, Alice, Jérémy Gauthier, Martinha Pereira, Rick Overson, Benjamin Laenen, Patrick Mardulyn, S. Robbert Gradstein, et al. "What do tropical cryptogams reveal? Strong genetic structure in Amazonian bryophytes." New Phytologist 228, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16720.

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47

Lobban, Christopher S. "Plant Resources of South‐East Asia No. 15(1). Cryptogams: Algae." Journal of Phycology 38, no. 4 (August 2002): 835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.03842.x.

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48

Harris, Elaine, Richard N. Mack, and Maurice S. B. Ku. "DEATH OF STEPPE CRYPTOGAMS UNDER THE ASH FROM MOUNT ST. HELENS." American Journal of Botany 74, no. 8 (August 1987): 1249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08738.x.

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49

Schofield, Gordon, Andrew McGinn, Natacha Frachon, and Heather McHaffie. "Plant Collecting for the Ecological Garden and the Scottish Heath Garden at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 5 (October 31, 2007): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2007.13.

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The Ecological and Heath Gardens at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh were created in 1991 and 1997 respectively. The Ecological Garden started as a naturalistic area of native woodland plants where cryptogams were encouraged to grow. Building on its success other habitat types were created nearby. The Heath Garden replaced an older heather garden and sought to recreate the ‘feel’ of a Scottish upland heathland. In recent years additional wild origin material of conservation concern has been added to each Garden and this paper describes the process along with some of the plants selected.

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Giovanetti, Manuela, Cristina Máguas, and Silvana Munzi. "Washboarding: Are Man-Managed Honeybees Performing a Vestigial Activity Fostered by Cryptogams?" Journal of Apicultural Science 66, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2022-0016.

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Abstract A common view is that honeybees are mostly managed by beekeepers for commercial purposes or as a hobby, especially in Europe. This misconception is probably due to the lack of systematic studies on wild colonies of honeybees in Europe in comparison to other regions of the world. Since we are used to considering this species as “domesticated”, we may be induced to disregard activities not distinctly linked with colony survival, reproduction, or productivity. Washboarding is one of them in which the entire colony stops resource collection activities; numerous individual bees assemble on the front side of the hive and perform repetitive movements back and forth. They are curiously synchronised but apparently without a scope. In this exploratory work, we carried out a literature review of available, mostly grey, literature. Assuming this behaviour may be linked to cavity-nesting and to tree trunks or rocks being rough surfaces hosting various cryptogams, we performed preliminary observations and manipulative experiments. From our survey, we depict that washboarding is frequently reported in grey literature/beekeepers’ reports, but rarely mentioned in scientific literature. Beekeepers who responded to a designed questionnaire observed this behaviour in various ecological situations, with no trend emerging. Our preliminary experiment of placing cryptogams in front of managed hives resulted in honeybees removing lichens (foliose types) or covering with propolis, and all species were affected. Further research is needed to clarify if lichens are removed because of their chemical compounds, because of hosting potentially toxic microorganisms, or collected as resources.

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