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Journal articles on the topic 'Cryptosporidium sp'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

PEREIRA, A. L., T. L. MATEUS, L. LLANEZ, and S. D. DUARTE. "Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. in Iberian Wolf." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 70, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.20864.

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A subsample consisting of fifty fecal samples from wild Iberian Wolf (Canis lupus signatus), from the northwest of Spain were collected in the field. The samples were analyzed for cysts of Giardia sp. and oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. using a direct immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA). Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. were found in 20.0 % of the samples examined. Simple infections were more frequent (90.0 %) with seven (14.0 %) positive for Giardia sp. and two (4.0 %) positive for Cryptosporidium sp. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp. in Iberian Wolf.

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2

Maryanti, Esy, Hayatul Rahmi, Suri Dwi Lesmana, and Lilly Haslinda. "Deteksi Cryptosporidium sp. dengan Pewarnaan Modifikasi Tahan Asam pada Tinja Siswa SDN X Kecamatan Rumbai, Pekanbaru." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jik.v8i1.2014.25-28.

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Oportunistic intestinal protozoa infection caused by Cryptosporidium sp is a public health problem inimmunocompromise individual and children. Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by Cryptosporidium sp whichconsidered a cause of emerging and opportunistic infection. Cryptosporidium sp. are single cell of coccidian caninfected human and animals. This study was to detect Cryptosporidium sp with method of staining acid-resistantmodification among elementary school children of SDN X Kecamatan Rumbai Kota Pekanbaru. Stool examinationof 94 samples were obtained two (2,1%) samples were found with Cryptosporidium sp.

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3

Graczyk, Thaddeus K., Ronald Fayer, James M. Trout, Earl J. Lewis, C. Austin Farley, Irshad Sulaiman, and Altaf A. Lal. "Giardia sp. Cysts and Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in the Feces of Migratory Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 2736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.7.2736-2738.1998.

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ABSTRACT Fecal droppings of migratory Canada geese, Branta canadensis, collected from nine sites near the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland), were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp. Cryptosporidiumsp. oocysts were found in feces at seven of nine sites, andGiardia cysts were found at all nine sites. The oocysts from three sites were infectious for mice and molecularly identified as the zoonotic genotype of Cryptosporidium parvum. Waterfowl can disseminate infectious C. parvum oocysts in the environment.

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4

Soares, João Fabio, Aleksandro Schafer da Silva, Camila Belmonte Oliveira, Marcos Kipper da Silva, Gleide Mariscano, Edson Luis Salomão, and Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro. "Parasitismo por Giardia sp. e Cryptosporidium sp. em Coendou villosus." Ciência Rural 38, no. 2 (April 2008): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782008000200043.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o possível parasitismo por Giardia sp. e Cryptosporidium sp. em amostras de fezes de ouriço-cacheiro (Coendou villosus). As amostras foram analisadas pelo método de centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco e apresentaram elevada infecção por cistos de Giardia sp. e por oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp., embora os animais não apresentassem sinal clínico decorrente disso.

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5

Rossi, P., E. Pozio, and M. G. Besse. "Cryopreservation of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84, no. 1 (January 1990): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(90)90387-t.

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6

Silva, Sidnei da, Siudomar Pereira da Silva, Yára de Souza Gouveia, Nívia de Oliveira da Silva, Márcia Elizabeth Reis Monteiro de Melo, Hércules Moura, Renata Heisler Neves, Alexandre Ribeiro Bello, and José Roberto Machado-Silva. "Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium sp em amostras fecais de crianças, menores de 10 anos de idade, com indicação clínica de Rotavírus." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 36, no. 3 (June 2003): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822003000300018.

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A partir da indicação clínica de Rotavírus em fezes de 485 crianças, investigou-se a presença de oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp. Não houve diferenças significativas entre a positividade de Cryptosporidium sp e rotavírus com a consistência das fezes. Cryptosporidium sp deve ser incluído na investigação diagnóstica dos quadros diarréicos em crianças.

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7

Čondlová, Šárka, Michaela Horčičková, Bohumil Sak, Dana Květoňová, Lenka Hlásková, Roman Konečný, Michal Stanko, John McEvoy, and Martin Kváč. "Cryptosporidium apodemi sp. n. and Cryptosporidium ditrichi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Apodemus spp." European Journal of Protistology 63 (April 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2017.12.006.

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8

Tilley, Michael, Steve J. Upton, and Clarence E. Chrisp. "A comparative study on the biology of Cryptosporidium sp. from guinea pigs and Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-163.

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Cryptosporidum sp. from guinea pigs and C. parvum were compared morphologically, electrophoretically, and for the ability to infect suckling mice. Oocysts from guinea pigs measured 5.4 × 4.6 (4.8–5.6 × 4.0–5.0) μm and had a shape index (length/width) of 1.17 (1.04–1.33). Oocysts of C. parvum were similar and measured 5.2 × 4.6 (4.8–5.6 × 4.2–4.8) μm with a shape index of 1.16 (1.04–1.33). All suckling mice inoculated with oocyts of C. parvum became infected, whereas most, but not all, mice fed oocysts of the guinea pig isolate also became infected. However, mice inoculated with oocysts from guinea pigs produced on average 100-fold fewer oocysts by day 7 postinoculation than did mice infected with C. parvum, and the resulting infections were sparse and patchy along the ileum. Electrophoretic profiles were similar, but 125I surface labeling of outer oocyst wall proteins revealed striking differences between the two isolates. Cryptosporidium parvum had a wide molecular size range of 125I-labeled bands, whereas C. sp. from guinea pigs had a banding pattern clustered between 39 and 66 kDa, with a smaller number of bands >100 kDa. Key words: Cryptosporidium parvum, coccidia, Apicomplexa, guinea pig, mouse.

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9

Celis S., Noemit, Amanda Chávez V., Francisco Suárez A., Néstor Falcón P., and Viviana Fernández P. "Criptosporidiosis en Caninos Criados en Comunidades Campesinas de Puno, Perú." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 26, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v26i2.11010.

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El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de Cryptosporidium sp en caninos de comunidades campesinas de los distritos de Ajoyani, provincia de Carabaya, y de Palca y Santa Lucia, provincia de Lampa, en Puno, Perú. Se recolectaron 123 muestras fecales de canes aparentemente sanos, de ambos sexos y con edades mayores de un mes, y se analizaron mediante la técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada para el diagnóstico de Cryptosporidium sp. La prevalencia general de Cryptosporidium sp fue de 26.8 ± 7.8%, sin encontrarse asociación significativa entre la presencia del protozoo con el distrito de procedencia, sexo y edad. Los resultados demuestran la presencia de Cryptosporidium sp en caninos evidenciando un posible riesgo zoonótico.

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10

Anderson, B. C. "Moist heat inactivation of Cryptosporidium sp." American Journal of Public Health 75, no. 12 (December 1985): 1433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.75.12.1433.

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11

Weber, J. "Cryptosporidium sp. and other intestinal coccidia." Parasitology Today 4, no. 2 (February 1988): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(88)90072-5.

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12

Chieffi, Pedro Paulo, Maria Aparecida Paschoalotti, Carmen Sílvia Vergueiro, and Carlos Sérgio Chiattone. "Infection by Cryptosporidium sp. in immunocompromised haematological patients." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 47, no. 5 (October 2005): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652005000500011.

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The frequency of intestinal infection by Cryptosporidium sp. was determined in 60 patients, attended at the Haematological and Haemotherapeutical Service of "Santa Casa de Misericórdia" of São Paulo, suffering lymphoproliferative diseases (Group 1). As control group (Group 2) 59 persons without haematological diseases, but with the same life time and living at the same place of that of haematological patients, had been examined. The stool parasitological tests performed disclosed Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in six (10%) individuals belonging to Group 1, whereas, in Group 2, nobody showed infection by this coccidian. Among the patients infected by Cryptosporidium sp. only one showed diarrhoeal faeces.

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13

Maryanti, Esy. "Epidemiologi Kriptosporidiosis." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran 5, no. 1 (November 25, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jik.v5i1.2011.1-6.

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Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by Cryptosporidium sp. Cryptosporidium sp. are single cell of coccidian caninfected human and animals. Cryptosporidiosis are considered a cause of emerging and opportunistic infections inhuman. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium are ovoid or spherical and 4 to 6 micrometers diameters. The parasite is located inthe brush border of the epithelial cells of the small intestine. Currently, eight species of Cryptosporidium are known toinfect human and there are two species, C parvum and C muris which most common species reported to infect childrenand immunocompromised patient especially AIDS patient with diarrhea.

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Mangini, Ana Célia Steffen, Rosa M. D. Souza Dias, Sandra J. F. E. Grisi, Ana Maria U. Escobar, Domingas M. A. G. V. Torres, Izilda P. R. Zuba, Celma M. S. Quadros, and Pedro Paulo Chieffi. "Parasitismo por Cryptosporidium sp. em crianças com diarréia aguda." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 34, no. 4 (August 1992): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651992000400012.

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No período de agosto de 1987 a julho de 1990, examinaram-se, na Seção de Enteroparasitoses do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 241 amostras de fezes de crianças, com idade variável entre 1 e 48 meses, que apresentavam episódio agudo de diarréia e foram atendidas no Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Quarenta e duas (17,43%) amostras revelaram a presença de Cryptosporidium sp. após coloração por fucsina-carbólica. O achado de oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp. foi mais freqüente no período compreendido pelos meses de março a maio. Os autores discutem as associações entre Cryptosporidium sp. e outros agentes diarréicos.

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15

Jacobsen, Gislaine, Aléverson da Silva Barcelos, Maristela Lovato Flôres, Stefanie Dickel Segabinazi, and Vera Regina Albuquerque Lagaggio. "Cryptosporidium sp. em intestinos, bursa de Fabricius e traquéia de frangos (Gallus gallus sp)." Ciência Rural 36, no. 2 (April 2006): 682–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782006000200053.

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Parasitas do gênero Cryptosporidium infectam várias espécies de animais, e a enfermidade resultante é a criptosporidiose, importante zoonose de distribuição mundial. Em aves, a infecção tem sido reportada em várias espécies. Este trabalho objetivou identificar a presença do parasita em 208 amostras de bursa de Fabricius, 208 amostras de intestino e 208 de traquéia, coletadas de frangos (Gallus gallus sp) de diferentes idades, abatidos em três propriedades rurais do município de Santa Maria, RS. Foram feitas três impressões de cada amostra em lâminas para microscopia, coradas pelas técnicas de Ziehl Neelsen modificada com Dimetil Sulfóxido (DMSO), Ziehl Neelsen modificada por Henriksen e Pohlens (HP), Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) e Kinyoun (K), perfazendo 1872 impressões analisadas em microscopia óptica (1000 x). Neste total, nas diferentes colorações empregadas, oocistos do parasita Cryptosporidium sp. foram visualizados em 18 impressões de traquéia, 42 de bursa de Fabricius e 29 de intestino, resultando positivas, portanto, 89 impressões. Destas, 44 foram identificadas pela técnica de DMSO, 32 por HP, três por ZN e 10 por K. Pode-se concluir que os oocistos do parasita Cryptosporidium sp. foram visualizados com maior freqüência nas impressões de bursa de Fabricius, e que o método de coloração, dentre os utilizados, que proporcionou a maior visualização dos oocistos foi o DMSO.

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Fayer, R., J. M. Trout, L. Xiao, U. M. Morgan, A. A. Lal, and J. P. Dubey. "CRYPTOSPORIDIUM CANIS N. SP. FROM DOMESTIC DOGS." Journal of Parasitology 87, no. 6 (December 2001): 1415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[1415:ccnsfd]2.0.co;2.

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17

Fayer, R., J. M. Trout, L. Xiao, U. M. Morgan, A. A. Lal, and J. P. Dubey. "Cryptosporidium canis n. sp. from Domestic Dogs." Journal of Parasitology 87, no. 6 (December 2001): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3285311.

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18

Ježková, Jana, Zlata Limpouchová, Jitka Prediger, Nikola Holubová, Bohumil Sak, Roman Konečný, Dana Květoňová, et al. "Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the Species Adapted to the Nutria (Myocastor coypus)." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040813.

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Cryptosporidium spp., common parasites of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel Cryptosporidium species adapted to nutrias (Myocastor coypus). A total of 150 faecal samples of feral nutria were collected from locations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and examined for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and specific DNA at the SSU, actin, HSP70, and gp60 loci. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of C. parvum (n = 1), C. ubiquitum subtype family XIId (n = 5) and Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. XXIIa (n = 2), and XXIIb (n = 3). Only nutrias positive for C. myocastoris shed microscopically detectable oocysts, which measured 4.8–5.2 × 4.7–5.0 µm, and oocysts were infectious for experimentally infected nutrias with a prepatent period of 5–6 days, although not for mice, gerbils, or chickens. The infection was localised in jejunum and ileum without observable macroscopic changes. The microvilli adjacent to attached stages responded by elongating. Clinical signs were not observed in naturally or experimentally infected nutrias. Phylogenetic analyses at SSU, actin, and HSP70 loci demonstrated that C. myocastoris n. sp. is distinct from other valid Cryptosporidium species.

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Snak, Alessandra, Flavia Roberta Smiderle, Nelson Luis Mello Fernandes, Arielle Aparecida Lara, Felipe Gustavo Garcia, Liza Ogawa, and Silvia Cristina Osaki. "Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. in sheep." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p1917.

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Considered a zoonosis of utmost importance, cryptosporidiosis has a worldwide distribution and can infect mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. It is caused by a highly resistant protozoan present in the environment and can cause death in immunosuppressed individuals and pups, as well as in farm animals such as cattle and sheep, generating losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep feces from the farms of Western Paraná, which have different management styles, and compare the results with their respective management methods. One hundred and forty-four stool samples were collected (69 from Property 1 and 75 from Property 2) and analyzed using a fecal smear on slides after staining by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Samples tested positive by this method were subjected to nested PCR and the products obtained were sent for sequencing to determine the species. While 82.60% of the samples from Property 1 were tested positive, only 36% of the samples from Property 2 were tested positive. On analyzing the sequencing data, it was observed that the Cryptosporidium species of samples from Property 1 showed high similarity to Cryptosporidium xiaoi and those from Property 2, to Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. The reason for divergence in results can be attributed to differences in management systems adopted by each property, thus showing the importance of detecting carrier animals, as they can contaminate the environment, especially the water sources, and spread the disease to humans and other animals.

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20

Zerpa, Rito, and Luis Huicho. "CHILDHOOD CRYPTOSPORIDIAL DIARRHEA ASSOCIATED WITH IDENTIFICATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SP. IN THE COCKROACH PERIPLANETA AMERICANA." Pediatric Infectious Disease 13, no. 6 (June 1994): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199406000-00019.

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21

Xiao, Lihua, Una M. Ryan, Thaddeus K. Graczyk, Josef Limor, Lixia Li, Mark Kombert, Randy Junge, et al. "Genetic Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Captive Reptiles." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 2 (February 2004): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.891-899.2004.

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ABSTRACT The genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in reptiles was analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene. A total of 123 samples were analyzed, of which 48 snake samples, 24 lizard samples, and 3 tortoise samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. Nine different types of Cryptosporidium were found, including Cryptosporidium serpentis, Cryptosporidium desert monitor genotype, Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium parvum bovine and mouse genotypes, one C. serpentis-like parasite in a lizard, two new Cryptosporidium spp. in snakes, and one new Cryptosporidium sp. in tortoises. C. serpentis and the desert monitor genotype were the most common parasites and were found in both snakes and lizards, whereas the C. muris and C. parvum parasites detected were probably the result of ingestion of infected rodents. Sequence and biologic characterizations indicated that the desert monitor genotype was Cryptosporidium saurophilum. Two host-adapted C. serpentis genotypes were found in snakes and lizards.

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Maryanti, Esy, M. Reyhan Ahza Hamidy, and Lilly Haslinda. "Identifikasi Protozoa Usus Oportunistik dan Faktor Risikonya Pada Anak Panti Asuhan Kota Pekanbaru." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jik.v13i2.2019.55-62.

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Opportunistic intestinal protozoa are protozoa that can infect humans at a time when the body’s defense system isdeclining (immunocompromising). Opportunistic protozoan infections are infections by intestinal protozoa that werenot previously considered important, but now can cause disease in humans. Opportunistic intestinal protozoan infectionsbesides being found in immunocompromised patients are also reported to infect children. Some of the intestinalprotozoan species that have been identified to cause infection are Cryptosporidium sp, Isospora belii, Cyclospora sp,and Blastocystis hominis. This study was an analytical study with a cross sectional design conducted in June 2018until January 2019. In this study, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used and the results were 25.6% of orphanagesinfected with opportunistic intestinal protozoa, which consisted of Cryptosporidium sp. as much as 14.1%, Blastocystishominis as much as 4.6%, infection with a mixture of Cryptosporidium sp and Blastocystis hominis as much as 4.6%,Isospora belii as much as 2.3%, and no infection by Cyclospora cayetanensis. There was no association betweenopportunistic intestinal protozoan infections with poor handwashing habits, bowel habits, food hygiene, drinkingwater treatment, and bad animal raising habits.

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Lindsay, David S., Byron L. Blagburn, and Christine A. Sundermann. "Host Specificity of Cryptosporidium sp. Isolated from Chickens." Journal of Parasitology 72, no. 4 (August 1986): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3281511.

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Fayer, Ronald, Mónica Santín, and Dumitru Macarisin. "Cryptosporidium ubiquitum n. sp. in animals and humans." Veterinary Parasitology 172, no. 1-2 (August 2010): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.028.

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Kváč, Martin, Lada Hofmannová, Lenka Hlásková, Dana Květoňová, Jiří Vítovec, John McEvoy, and Bohumil Sak. "Cryptosporidium erinacei n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in hedgehogs." Veterinary Parasitology 201, no. 1-2 (March 2014): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.014.

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Pantenburg, Birte, Sara M. Dann, Heuy-Ching Wang, Prema Robinson, Alejandro Castellanos-Gonzalez, Dorothy E. Lewis, and A. Clinton White. "Intestinal Immune Response to Human Cryptosporidium sp. Infection." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 1 (October 29, 2007): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00960-07.

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UEKI, Hideaki, Manabu IKEDA, Toshifumi OYAMADA, Hiroyasu YOSHIKAWA, and Takashi YOSHIKAWA. "Cryptosporidium sp. Isolated from an Ostrich in Japan." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 54, no. 1 (2001): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma1951.54.9.

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Baker, J. R. "Cryptosporidium sp. and other intestinal coccidia — a bibliography." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82, no. 1 (January 1988): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(88)90275-1.

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Kváč, Martin, Gabriela Vlnatá, Jana Ježková, Michaela Horčičková, Roman Konečný, Lenka Hlásková, John McEvoy, and Bohumil Sak. "Cryptosporidium occultus sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in rats." European Journal of Protistology 63 (April 2018): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2018.02.001.

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Kim, Charles W. "Cryptosporidium sp.: Experimental infection in Syrian golden hamsters." Experimental Parasitology 63, no. 2 (April 1987): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(87)90169-x.

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Holubová, Nikola, Bohumil Sak, Michaela Horčičková, Lenka Hlásková, Dana Květoňová, Sarah Menchaca, John McEvoy, and Martin Kváč. "Cryptosporidium avium n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in birds." Parasitology Research 115, no. 6 (February 23, 2016): 2243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-4967-8.

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Kuroki, Toshiro, Shinji Izumiyama, Kenji Yagita, Yumi Une, Hideki Hayashidani, Masaki Kuro-o, Akira Mori, et al. "Occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp. in snakes in Japan." Parasitology Research 103, no. 4 (June 13, 2008): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-1045-x.

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Oliveira-Silva, Márcia Benedita de, Leonardo Rodrigues de Oliveira, Júlio César Possati Resende, Bethânea Crema Peghini, Luiz Eduardo Ramirez, Eliane Lages-Silva, and Dalmo Correia. "Seasonal profile and level of CD4+ lymphocytes in the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 40, no. 5 (October 2007): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822007000500004.

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Patients with AIDS are particularly susceptible to infection with intestinal coccidia. In this study the prevalence of infections with Cryptosporidium sp and Cystoisospora belli were evaluated among HIV/AIDS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil. Between July 1993 and June 2003 faecal samples from 359 patients were collected and stained by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen method, resulting in 19.7% of positivity for coccidian (8.6% with Cryptosporidium sp, 10.3% with Cystoisospora belli and 0.8% with both coccidian). Patients with diarrhoea and T CD4+ lymphocyte levels < 200 cells/mm3 presented higher frequency of these protozoans, demonstrating the opportunistic profile of these infections and its relationship with the immunological status of the individual. It was not possible to determine the influence of HAART, since only 8.5% of the patients positive for coccidian received this therapy regularly. Parasitism by Cryptosporidium sp was more frequent between December and February and thus was characterised by a seasonal pattern of infection, which was not observed with Cystoisospora belli.

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Oliveira, Camila Belmonte, João Fábio Soares, Aleksandro Schafer da Silva, Marcos Kipper da Silva, Edson Luis Salomão, and Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro. "Ocorrência de Giardia sp. e Cryptosporidium sp. em Leopardus weidii de vida livre." Ciência Rural 38, no. 2 (April 2008): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782008000200042.

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Leopardus weiidi (gato-maracajá) é um mamífero neotropical de ampla distribuição no Brasil. No município de Cachoeira do Sul, RS, um exemplar foi capturado para tratamento, quando se coletou uma amostra de fezes, que foi analisada pelo método de centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco para pesquisa de parasitos. Foi observada elevada infecção por cistos de Giardia sp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp.. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que L. weeidi é hospedeiro desses protozoários.

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Dias, Rosa Maria Donini Souza, Ana Célia Steffen Mangini, Domingas Maria A. Grispino Vieira Torres, Marcelo Oswaldo A. Corrêa, Norival Lupetti, Fernando M. A. Corrêa, and Pedro Paulo ChieffI. "Cryptosporidiosis among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the county of São Paulo, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 30, no. 4 (August 1988): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651988000400011.

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Stool samples of 157 patients with AIDS, living in the county of São Paulo, were submitted to several techniques in the search for Cryptosporidium sp.. Among the various techniques tested for slide preparation (direct smear, spontaneous sedimentation method, and formol-ether concentration), the latter, formol-ether concentration, offered the best results, clearly outdoing all the others. Nineteen samples out of 157 prepared by this technique, after dyeing by the Kinyoun method or by carbol fuchsin dimethyl sulfoxide, were found to be positive for Cryptosporidium sp..

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VanDussen, Kelli L., Lisa J. Funkhouser-Jones, Marianna E. Akey, Deborah A. Schaefer, Kevin Ackman, Michael W. Riggs, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, and L. David Sibley. "Neonatal Mouse Gut Metabolites Influence Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Intestinal Epithelial Cells." mBio 11, no. 6 (December 15, 2020): e02582-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02582-20.

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ABSTRACTThe protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium sp. is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in those with compromised or underdeveloped immune systems, particularly infants and toddlers in resource-poor localities. As an enteric pathogen, Cryptosporidium sp. invades the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, where it resides in close proximity to metabolites in the intestinal lumen. However, the effect of gut metabolites on susceptibility to Cryptosporidium infection remains largely unstudied. Here, we first identified which gut metabolites are prevalent in neonatal mice when they are most susceptible to Cryptosporidium parvum infection and then tested the isolated effects of these metabolites on C. parvum invasion and growth in intestinal epithelial cells. Our findings demonstrate that medium or long-chain saturated fatty acids inhibit C. parvum growth, perhaps by negatively affecting the streamlined metabolism in C. parvum, which is unable to synthesize fatty acids. Conversely, long-chain unsaturated fatty acids enhanced C. parvum invasion, possibly by modulating membrane fluidity. Hence, gut metabolites, either from diet or produced by the microbiota, influence C. parvum growth in vitro and may also contribute to the early susceptibility to cryptosporidiosis seen in young animals.IMPORTANCECryptosporidium sp. occupies a unique intracellular niche that exposes the parasite to both host cell contents and the intestinal lumen, including metabolites from the diet and produced by the microbiota. Both dietary and microbial products change over the course of early development and could contribute to the changes seen in susceptibility to cryptosporidiosis in humans and mice. Consistent with this model, we show that the immature gut metabolome influenced the growth of Cryptosporidium parvumin vitro. Interestingly, metabolites that significantly altered parasite growth were fatty acids, a class of molecules that Cryptosporidium sp. is unable to synthesize de novo. The enhancing effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the inhibitory effects of saturated fatty acids presented in this study may provide a framework for future studies into this enteric parasite’s interactions with exogenous fatty acids during the initial stages of infection.

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Souza, Lenice do Rosário de, Maria Aparecida M. Rodrigues, José Morceli, Raphael Kemp, and Rinaldo Poncio Mendes. "Cryptosporidiosis of the biliary tract mimicking pancreatic cancer in an AIDS patient." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 37, no. 2 (March 2004): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822004000200015.

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Diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium sp is frequent in patients with AIDS, but involvement of other organs of the digestive tract is uncommon. We report a case of Cryptosporidium-associated obstruction of the biliary tract mimicking cancer of the head of the pancreas in a 43-year-old woman with AIDS.

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Bastos, R. K. X., L. Heller, M. B. M. Vieira, L. A. Brito, P. D. Bevilacqua, and L. E. Nascimento. "Giardia sp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts dynamics in southeast Brazil: occurrence in surface water and removal in water treatment processes." Water Supply 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0022.

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Raw water and filtered effluent of three drinking water treatment plants (WTP) at a town in Minas Gerais State, southeast Brazil, were monitored over a one-year period for Giardia, Cryptosporidium, microbiological and physical-chemical water quality indicators. High densities of Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in two source waters, ranging from 2.0–140 cysts/L and 4.0–510 oocysts/L. Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cyst concentration was not consistently associated with most of the parameters analysed, turbidity being the most promising indicator. It also seems that Giardia and Cryptosporidium concentration was influenced by rainfall. Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were significantly associated in both waters, suggesting a similar pattern of occurrence and common contamination sources. In two of the three water treatment plants analyzed, Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in filtered effluents, also in high densities, ranging from 0.066 to 5.5 cysts/L and 0.066 to 13.2 oocysts/L, respectively. Statistical trials to associate protozoa and indicator removal failed in nearly all cases. Nevertheless, the results are interpreted as neither reaffirming nor negating the use of turbidity as a protozoa removal indicator.

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Khanum, Hamida, Rukhshana Kadir, Tuhinur Arju, Tahmina Ahmed, Mt Tahmina Karim, Asma Sultana, and Rashidul Huque. "Detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Cryptospodium sp. Infection among diarrheal patients." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 43, no. 1 (December 29, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v43i1.26132.

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Tri-combo ELISA tests were carried out to determine the prevalence of protozoan parasites (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp) in 1712 stool samples of diarhoeal patients. Among the samples tested, 118 (6.89%) were found positive. The age group 6-14 years were recorded to be more susceptible (14.81%) and prevalence gradually decreased as the age group increased. Individual Antigen Detection Tests were done on the positive samples and 1 sample was noted to carry E. histolytica (0.06%), 92 (5.37%) samples with G. lamblia and 22 (1.29%) samples with Cryptosporidium spp. Maximum prevalence was recorded in summer (8.47%) and rainy seasons (8.14%) and highest infections (10.46%) were found in the month of September The prevalence of G. lamblia was higher in male (5.37%) whereas, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was higher in female (1.64%).Bangladesh J. Zool. 43(1): 1-7, 2015

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Bercier, Marjorie, Whitney Zoll, Justin F. Rosenberg, Robson Giglio, Lenice McCoy, William L. Castleman, Matthew D. Johnson, and Darryl J. Heard. "Gastric Intussusceptions in a Red Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus) Associated with Cryptosporidiosis." Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4270904.

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A 3-year-old female red corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) was presented for a three-week history of anorexia and decreased defecations. On physical examination, a soft midbody intracoelomic swelling was palpated. Transcutaneous coelomic ultrasound revealed a target-like mass on a transverse section of the stomach, suggesting the presence of a gastrointestinal intussusception. On exploratory coeliotomy, a double compounded esophagogastric and gastroduodenal intussusception was diagnosed and reduced surgically. A gastropexy was also performed to prevent recurrence. On histopathology, the gastric glandular mucosa showed moderate to marked proliferation. Diffusely lining the luminal surface of glandular epithelium and free within the lumen were a myriad of protozoa consistent with Cryptosporidium sp. A diagnosis of chronic proliferative gastritis due to Cryptosporidium sp. was made based on these findings. Intussusceptions are rare in reptiles and are infrequently reported in snakes. This is the first report of a double compounded intussusception in a nonmammalian species and the first report of an intussusception involving the stomach in a snake with gastritis due to Cryptosporidium sp.

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Oliveira, Alex Aguiar de, Simone Lopes Borges, Fred da Silva Julião, Ademilton Silva, Verena Maria Mendes de Souza, Roberta Xavier da Silveira, Márcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira, and Maria Angela Ornelas de Almeida. "Nematoides gastrintestinais e Cryptosporidium sp. em avestruzes e fatores associados à infecção no Polo Regional do Paraguaçu, Estado da Bahia." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 13, no. 4 (December 2012): 1054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402012000400017.

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Os parasitos são responsáveis por prejuízos econômicos na estrutiocultura, visto reduzirem a produção. Para determinar a frequência de nematoides gastrintestinais e de Cryptosporidium sp., em avestruzes, bem como os fatores associados a transmissão, foram colhidas amostras de fezes de 342 avestruzes, dos quais 188 eram adultos e 154 jovens, criados em sete plantéis no Polo Regional do Paraguaçu, para a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes, identificação de larvas de terceiro estádio de nematoides e de oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp. Os dados relacionados aos animais e ao ambiente foram obtidos por meio de visita às propriedades e entrevistas com os produtores. A associação entre a carga parasitária e às variáveis de manejo dos animais foi analisada pelo teste Qui-quadrado e por Razão de Odds, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Em todos os plantéis, foram encontradas aves infectadas. Em 88,3% das amostras de fezes, foram detectados ovos de nematoides gastrointestinal, e, em 18,8%, oocistos de Cryptosporidium sp. Larvas de Libyostrongylus dentatus (98%), L.douglassii (2%) e Codiostomum sp. (2%) foram identificadas nas coproculturas. Fatores ambientais e de manejo estão associados com risco de enteroparasitos em criações de avestruz. As aves mantidas em piquetes de topografia acidentada, na ausência de outros animais ou que recebiam água procedente de poços ou cisternas, apresentavam menores chances de infecção por nematoides, enquanto para o gênero Cryptosporidium, as criações em áreas planas, com presença de outros animais nos piquetes e o fornecimento da água do rio aumentam as chances (2,7 vezes) de infecção.

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Hernandez, Julio, Andrew Lackner, Pyone Aye, Kakali Mukherjee, David J. Tweardy, Mary-Ann Mastrangelo, Joel Weinstock, et al. "Substance P Is Responsible for Physiological Alterations Such as Increased Chloride Ion Secretion and Glucose Malabsorption in Cryptosporidiosis." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 3 (December 11, 2006): 1137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01738-05.

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ABSTRACT Cryptosporidiosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium, causes self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts and severe life-threatening diarrhea in AIDS patients. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has been used to effectively treat cryptosporiosis in some but not all AIDS patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative drugs to treat this disease. Cryptosporidium infection results in intestinal pathophysiological changes such as glucose malabsorption, increased chloride ion (Cl−) secretion, and epithelial barrier disruption, leading to disease pathogenesis. In order to develop tools to combat this opportunistic pathogen, it is vital to understand mediators involved in disease pathogenesis. Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide and pain transmitter, is located in the gastrointestinal tract. SP can cause Cl− secretion in human gastrointestinal explants. However, its role in cryptosporidiosis has not been fully studied. Jejunal samples from macaques before and after Cryptosporidium parvum infection were assayed for SP and SP receptor mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcription-PCR and by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The role of SP in pathophysiological alterations, such as Cl− secretion and glucose malabsorption, was studied using tissues derived from macaques infected with C. parvum by the Ussing chamber technique. SP and SP receptor mRNA and protein expression levels were increased in jejunal samples following C. parvum infection and were accompanied by increased basal ion secretion and glucose malabsorption. In vitro treatment of samples obtained from infected macaques with the SP receptor antagonist aprepitant (Emend; Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ) completely reversed the increase in basal ion secretion and corrected the glucose malabsorption. Our findings raise the possibility of using SP receptor antagonists for the treatment of symptoms associated with cryptosporidiosis.

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Darlan, Dewi Masyithah, Muhammad Fakhrur Rozi, Yunilda Andriyani, Hemma Yulfi, Restuti Hidayani Saragih, and Nerdy Nerdy. "Cryptosporidium Sp. Findings and Its Symptomatology among Immunocompromised Patients." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 1567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.329.

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BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidium sp. is an apicomplexan protozoa, and it is related to an immunocompromised state. As it develops diverse clinical manifestations, mild to life-threatening conditions, administration of anti-parasitic medication and its management remain problematic. AIM: The study aimed to provide Cryptosporidiosis symptomatology and its prevalence among HIV-infected patients in a tertiary referral hospital, Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Symptomatology was noted using short-questionnaire, and laboratory findings were obtained from the hospital medical record registry on the same day of admission. We enrolled 24 patients were suffered from HIV infection for a certain period and more than one-week diarrhoea including 18 males and 6 females. Routine faeces examination using wet mount, Kinyoun-gabet, and trichrome staining was performed for all samples in Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. Numerical data were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test while Fisher Exact test was used to determine any association between categorical variables. RESULTS: Our study found that 8 of 24 patients were positive with Cryptosporidium sp. while its symptomatology including abdominal cramp (66.7%), nausea and vomiting (70.8%), and fever (62.5%) is prevalent from our study. We obtained significant association between CD4 cell count (p = 0.006), diarrhea duration (p = 0.007), abdominal pain (p = 0.005), and nausea and vomiting (p = 0.021) with cryptosporidiosis. CONCLUSION: High consideration of several symptoms related to cryptosporidiosis leads a clinician to initiate prompt management particularly in a high-risk population.

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Chen, Jian-Jun, Mostafa E. Rateb, Melissa S. Love, Zhengren Xu, Dong Yang, Xiangcheng Zhu, Yong Huang, et al. "Herbicidins from Streptomyces sp. CB01388 Showing Anti-Cryptosporidium Activity." Journal of Natural Products 81, no. 4 (February 22, 2018): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00850.

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MORGAN-RYAN, UNA M., ABBIE FALL, LUCY A. WARD, NAWAL HIJJAWI, IRSHAD SULAIMAN, RONALD PAYER, R. C. ANDREW THOMPSON, M. OLSON, ALTAF LAL, and LIHUA XIAO. "Cryptosporidium hominis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from Homo sapiens." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 49, no. 6 (November 2002): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00224.x.

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NAVARRO-i-MARTINEZ, LUIS, FERNANDO J. BORNAY-LLINARES, CRISTINA RUEDA, CARMEN AGUILA, ALEXANDRE J. SILVA, ANA OLEAGA, VICENTE RAMAJO, SOLEDAD FENOY, and NORMAN J. PIENIAZEK. "Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. from Animals in Spain." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50, s1 (July 2003): 553–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00626.x.

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Holubová, Nikola, Veronika Zikmundová, Zlata Limpouchová, Bohumil Sak, Roman Konečný, Lenka Hlásková, Dušan Rajský, Zaneta Kopacz, John McEvoy, and Martin Kváč. "Cryptosporidium proventriculi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Psittaciformes birds." European Journal of Protistology 69 (June 2019): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2019.03.001.

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Teixeira, Weslen Fabricio Pires, Willian Marinho Dourado Coelho, Cáris Maroni Nunes, and Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles. "Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in calf fecal samples by direct immunofluorescence assay." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 4 (December 2011): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000400003.

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The aim of this study was to produce a conjugate containing anti-Cryptosporidium parvum polyclonal antibodies and standardize a Direct Immunofluorescence Assay (DIF) for detecting C. parvum oocysts in fecal samples from calves. In order to obtain anti-C. parvum polyclonal antibodies, two New Zealand rabbits were immunized with a purified solution of C. parvum oocysts and Freund's adjuvant. Purification of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction was performed by means of precipitation in ammonium sulfate and chromatography using a DEAE-cellulose column. The anti-C. parvum polyclonal antibody titer was determined by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rabbit anti-C. parvum IgG fraction was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and standardization of the DIF was performed using various dilutions of conjugate on slides positive for C. parvum oocysts. The cross-reactivity of the anti-C. parvum conjugate was tested using oocysts of Cryptosporidium serpentis, Cryptosporidium andersoni, Escherichia coli, Eimeria sp., and Candida sp. An anti-C. parvum conjugate was successfully produced, thus allowing standardization of DIF for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal samples. Cross-reactivity of anti-C. parvum polyclonal antibodies with C. andersoni and C. serpentis was also observed.

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Li, Xunde, Tran Nguyen, Chengling Xiao, Ann Levy, Yone Akagi, Sarah Silkie, and Edward R. Atwill. "Prevalence and Genotypes of Cryptosporidium in Wildlife Populations Co-Located in a Protected Watershed in the Pacific Northwest, 2013 to 2016." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060914.

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Between October 2013 and May 2016, 506 scat samples were collected from 22 species of wildlife located in a protected watershed of a major municipal water supply in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium in the wildlife scat was 13.8% (70/506), with 15 species of wildlife found positive for Cryptosporidium. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium varied among species of wildlife, with higher prevalences observed in cougars (50.0%), mountain beavers (40.0%), and bobcats (33.3%), but none of these species are riparian-dependent. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium by sequencing PCR amplicons from the 18S rRNA gene were successful for seven species of wildlife, including bobcat, unknown predator, black-tailed deer, deer mouse, snowshoe hare, mountain beaver, and western spotted skunk. BLAST and phylogenetic analyses indicated that multiple species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium were present, with some isolates possibly co-circulating within and between wildlife populations in this protected watershed. Evidence of oocyst exchange between infected prey and their predators was also found. During the study period, several zoonotic Cryptosporidium species and genotypes that are uncommon in humans were detected in bobcat (99.58% identical to Cryptosporidium felis), unknown predator (100% identical to Cryptosporidium canis), snowshoe hare (100% identical to Cryptosporidium sp. skunk genotype), and mountain beaver (100% identical to Cryptosporidium ubiquitum). Novel sequences were also found in mountain beaver. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of a unique genotype or species of Cryptosporidium in mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa).

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Adamu, SG, NB Adamu, AU Aliyu, NN Atsanda, FB Mustapha, YA Muhammad, and GA Umaru. "Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Cattle in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 13, no. 1 (June 17, 2015): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23712.

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A study was carried out to survey the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. A total of four hundred (400) fecal samples from cattle were randomly collected and examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining method. The results showed that the overall prevalence of infection was 22.3%, with an infection rate of23.4% in adult cattle and 19.1% in young cattle, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (P<0.05) between the age groups, with (OR: 1.298; 95%CI: 0.75072.245). Out of 89 positive samples, 21.2% were male and 25.0% were female, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (P>0.05) between the sex, with (OR: 0.8062; 95% CI: 0.48280.346). It was concluded that Cryptosporidium sp. infection is prevalent in Nigeria; and cattle could serve as reservoirs for the zoonotic infection in humans.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23712Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 25-28

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