Academic literature on the topic 'Crystal's structure'

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Journal articles on the topic "Crystal's structure"

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Miura, Daisuke, Takayuki Kumada, Yurina Sekine, et al. "Development of spin-contrast-variation neutron powder diffractometry for extracting the structure factor of hydrogen atoms." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 2 (2021): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721000303.

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A spin-contrast-variation neutron powder diffractometry technique that extracts the structure factor of hydrogen atoms, i.e. the contribution of hydrogen atoms to a crystal's structure factor, has been developed. Crystals of L-glutamic acid were dispersed in a D-polystyrene matrix containing 4-methacryloyloxy-2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy to polarize their proton spins dynamically. The intensities of the diffraction peaks of the sample changed according to the proton polarization, and the structure factor of the hydrogen atoms was extracted from the proton-polarization-dependent intens
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Hidayathullah, A. M., R. S. Samuel, V. Chithambaram, R. Raja, and S. Janarthanan. "Investigations on the synthesis and growth and structural, spectral, optical, mechanical and thermal properties of non-linear optical single crystals of Bis-L-Seriniumoxalate Dihydrate (BLSOD)." Journal of Ovonic Research 19, no. 1 (2023): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2023.191.43.

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From the raw materials L-Serine and oxalic acid, the product Bis-LSeriniumoxalatedehydrate(BLSOD) was created. By using a slow evaporation process, the individual BLSOD crystals were produced from aqueous solution. According to single crystal X-ray Diffraction investigations, the structure of the produced crystal is monoclinic. The existence of different functional groups and the chemical environment present in the synthesised material were qualitatively determined through the use of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H1NMR) spectrum studies. The crystal'
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Vernardou, D., M. Apostolopoulou, D. Louloudakis, N. Katsarakis, and E. Koudoumas. "Hydrothermal growth and characterization of shape-controlled NH4V3O8." New J. Chem. 38, no. 5 (2014): 2098–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nj01446k.

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Zhou, Hongwei, Shenghua Xu, Zhiwei Sun, Xuan Du, and Jingchang Xie. "Rapid determination of colloidal crystal's structure by reflection spectrum." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 375, no. 1-3 (2011): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.11.051.

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Van der Ven, A., J. C. Thomas, B. Puchala, and A. R. Natarajan. "First-Principles Statistical Mechanics of Multicomponent Crystals." Annual Review of Materials Research 48, no. 1 (2018): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070317-124443.

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The importance of configurational, vibrational, and electronic excitations in crystalline solids of technological interest makes a rigorous treatment of thermal excitations an essential ingredient in first-principles models of materials behavior. This contribution reviews statistical mechanics approaches that connect a crystal's electronic structure to its thermodynamic and kinetic properties. We start with a description of a thermodynamic and kinetic framework for multicomponent crystals that integrates chemistry and mechanics, as well as nonconserved order parameters that track the degree of
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Sathishkumar, G., M. Lenin, T. Gubendiran, B. Sathiyamoorthy, S. Nithiyanantham, and P. Ramasamy. "Structural, electrical and optical studies on organic NLO single crystal of N‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (BNA)." Vietnam Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 6 (2023): 778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202300129.

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AbstractThe 2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (NA) was converted into the raw material N‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (BNA), and the solubility of BNA in various organic solvents was calculated gravimetrically. BNA's solubility and crystal structure make it an excellent solvent for the low‐temperature solution growth method used to create single crystals of BNA with orthorhombic structure studied through single crystal analysis. Methanol was used to harvest the 3×10 mm3 BNA single crystals, which are big, translucent yellow crystals. BNA, the subject compound, the exothermic and endothermic nature was
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Pisačić, Mateja, B. Tokić, and M. Đaković. "Exploring structure–property interplay – thermally and mechanically stimulated crystal's dynamic properties." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 80, a1 (2024): e437-e437. https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053273324095627.

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Tian, Yu, A. Lysyakov, Haoyu Wang, and Haoyu Xie. "Development of Wide Bandgap One-dimensional MOF/TiO2 Photonic Crystal and Its Gas-sensing Properties." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 6 (2024): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/103/34.

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Metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials are a type of coordination polymer that have seen significant breakthroughs in material science over the past decade. Because of their high specific surface area and porosity, they are widely used for gas adsorption, storage, and separation. Additionally, their structural tunability allows for a wide variety of MOFs, with more remarkable properties yet to be discovered as research continues. When MOFs are applied in photonic crystals, adjustments to their structure enable them to act as specific gas-sensitive materials, causing shifts in the photonic cr
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Sugisawa, Hiroki, Toshifumi Takahashi, Emi Nakatsuka, et al. "Study on Ionic Plastic Crystals As Lithium-Ion Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 57 (2024): 3847. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02573847mtgabs.

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Ionic plastic crystals (IPC) have a highly symmetrical crystal structure similar to CsCl or NaCl, as a result of utilizing the energy associated with crystal melting for molecular rotational motion [1,2]. The introduction of lithium salt into these materials can realize the lithium-ion electrolytes enhanced conductivity compared to pure plastic crystals [3]. However, this operation concurrently reduces the plastic crystal's melting point, thereby limiting the temperature range existing as an electrolyte [3]. Therefore, this study explores two avenues to discover materials featuring the plastic
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Zschornak, Matthias, Carsten Richter, Melanie Nentwich, Hartmut Stöcker, Sibylle Gemming, and Dirk C. Meyer. "Probing a crystal's short-range structure and local orbitals by Resonant X-ray Diffraction methods." Crystal Research and Technology 49, no. 1 (2014): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.201300430.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crystal's structure"

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Bullard, Theresa Vivian. "Luminescence labeling and dynamics of growth active crystal surface structures /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9680.

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Legge, Coulton Heath. "Structural modifications in liquid crystals and liquid crystal polymers." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306164.

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Schiefer, Stefan. "Crystal structure of fiber structured pentacene thin films." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-75797.

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Levandovsky, Artem. "Structure and dynamics of interfaces in the epitaxial growth and erosion on (110) and (100) crystal surfaces." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3731.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 129 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cosquer, Guirec Yann. "Liquid crystals with novel terminal chains as ferroelectric liquid crystal hosts." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322457.

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Essandoh, Ernest. "Structural studies of organic crystals of pharmaceutical relevance : correlation of crystal structure analysis with recognised non-bonded structural motifs in the organic solid state." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4444.

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Pharmaceutical solids tend to exist in different physical forms termed as polymorphs. Issues about pharmaceutical systems are mainly concerned with the active ingredient's physico-chemical stability and bioavailability. The main aim of this study is to investigate the non-bonded interactions in pharmaceutical solids that govern the physical pharmaceutics performance of such materials and through the use of structural techniques and correlation of these results with crystal structural database to establish the presence of physical motifs in selected systems. Structural motifs were identified by
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Asmadi, Aldi, M. A. Neumann, John Kendrick, P. Girard, M.-A. Perrin, and Frank J. J. Leusen. "Revisiting the Blind Tests in Crystal Structure Prediction: Accurate Energy Ranking of Molecular Crystals." American Chemical Society, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4727.

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no<br>In the 2007 blind test of crystal structure prediction hosted by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC), a hybrid DFT/MM method correctly ranked each of the four experimental structures as having the lowest lattice energy of all the crystal structures predicted for each molecule. The work presented here further validates this hybrid method by optimizing the crystal structures (experimental and submitted) of the first three CCDC blind tests held in 1999, 2001, and 2004. Except for the crystal structures of compound IX, all structures were reminimized and ranked according to the
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Saito, Kaichi. "Real crystal structure related to superconductor properties of YBa₂Cu₃O₇₋{delta} single crystals /." Zürich, 1997. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=12105.

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Walker, Ezekiel Lee. "Electromagnetically Modulated Sonic Structures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799496/.

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Phononic crystals are structures composed of periodically arranged scatterers in a background medium that affect the transmission of elastic waves. They have garnered much interest in recent years for their macro-scale properties that can be modulated by the micro-scale components. The elastic properties of the composite materials, the contrast in the elastic properties of the composite materials, and the material arrangement all directly affect how an elastic wave will behave as it propagates through the sonic structure. The behavior of an elastic wave in a periodic structure is revealed in i
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Giri, Sajal Kumar. "Liquid Crystals :structure properties relationship." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/826.

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Books on the topic "Crystal's structure"

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R, Desiraju G., ed. Crystal design: Structure and function. Wiley, 2003.

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F, David W. I., ed. Structure determination from powder diffraction data. Oxford University Press, 2006.

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Vaĭnshteĭn, B. K. Structure of crystals. 3rd ed. Springer, 2000.

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Vainshtein, Boris K., Vladimir M. Fridkin, and Vladimir L. Indenbom. Structure of Crystals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97512-7.

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Vainshtein, Boris K. Structure of Crystals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995.

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1921-, Vaĭnshtein B. K., Fridkin V. M, and Indenbom V. L, eds. Structure of crystals. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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E, Loper David, ed. Structure and dynamics of partially solidified systems. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.

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O'Keeffe, Michael. Crystal structures. Mineralogical Society of America, 1996.

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Massa, Werner. Crystal Structure Determination. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06431-3.

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Massa, Werner. Crystal Structure Determination. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04248-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crystal's structure"

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Nakayama, Naofumi, and Hitoshi Goto. "Molecular Crystal Calculation Prospects for Structural Phase Transitions." In The Materials Research Society Series. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0260-6_10.

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AbstractTo establish the theory of soft crystals, computational chemistry must be applied to analyze the structural phase transitions of molecular crystals and develop new methodologies. The accuracy of first-principles calculations for molecular crystals has rapidly improved over the last decade with the contribution of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre blind test, which predicts the crystal structure from the structural formula. However, it is often difficult to apply first-principles calculations to large molecular crystals, such as typical soft crystals, because of the computation
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Zhang, Baoqing, Yubin Rao, Yunyi Guo, and Wangqiang Xiao. "Noise Reduction Performance of Metamaterials Sound Insulation Plate." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8401-1_47.

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AbstractIn order to reduce the adverse effects of noise generated by urban vehicles on residents, a super-structured phononic crystals sound isolation plate is designed to enhance the low-frequency noise reduction capability of the plate by utilizing the special acoustic properties of the super-structure. The phononic crystals plate is modeled and analyzed using the finite element method to study its band gap. The energy band and transmission loss patterns of phononic crystals are obtained, and the noise reduction capabilities of traditional sound isolators and phononic crystals plate are comp
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Yamanoi, Yoshinori, Kenichiro Omoto, Toyotaka Nakae, and Masaki Nishio. "Thermosalient Phenomena in Molecular Crystals: A Case Study of Representative Molecules." In The Materials Research Society Series. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0260-6_8.

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AbstractMolecular crystals have a regularly packed structure, and their physical properties often depend on intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Here, we review the crystal jumping phenomena under a thermal stimulus (thermosalient phenomenon). Thermosalient phenomena are characterized by thermal phase transitions and anisotropic lattice expansion/contraction at a microscopic scale and jumping behavior through bending/deformation/rotation/cleavage of crystals at a macroscopic scale. The absence of strong intermolecular interaction in the crystal and the misalignment of the crystal pl
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Nakatani, Naoki, Jia-Jia Zheng, and Shigeyoshi Sakaki. "Approach of Electronic Structure Calculations to Crystal." In The Materials Research Society Series. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0260-6_11.

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AbstractNowadays, the importance of molecular crystals and solids with regular structures is increasing in both basic chemistry and applied fields. However, theoretical studies of those systems based on electronic structure theories have been limited. Although density functional theory (DFT) calculations using generalized gradient approximation type functional under periodic boundary condition is effective for such theoretical studies, we need some improvements for calculating the dispersion interaction and the excited state of crystals. Accordingly, in this chapter, two methods for calculatin
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Hirano, Takashi, and Chihiro Matsuhashi. "Soft Crystal Chemiluminescence Systems Using Organic Peroxides." In The Materials Research Society Series. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0260-6_9.

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AbstractChemiluminescence (CL) is a phenomenon in which a chemical reaction produces an excited-state product that emits light. Taking advantage of this property, several analytical methods to study the CL reactions by photon detection have been developed in the literature. By applying this methodology to molecular crystals, soft crystal CL systems have been constructed to analyze the intracrystalline reactions of chemiluminescent compounds. In this chapter, the fundamental concept and applications of CL are presented. Using the example of the CL reactions involving organic peroxides, importan
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Vainshtein, Boris K., Vladimir M. Fridkin, and Vladimir L. Indenbom. "Principles of Formation of the Atomic Structure of Crystals." In Structure of Crystals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97512-7_1.

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Vainshtein, Boris K., Vladimir M. Fridkin, and Vladimir L. Indenbom. "Principal Types of Crystal Structures." In Structure of Crystals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97512-7_2.

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Vainshtein, Boris K., Vladimir M. Fridkin, and Vladimir L. Indenbom. "Band Energy Structure of Crystals." In Structure of Crystals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97512-7_3.

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Vainshtein, Boris K., Vladimir M. Fridkin, and Vladimir L. Indenbom. "Lattice Dynamics and Phase Transitions." In Structure of Crystals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97512-7_4.

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Vainshtein, Boris K., Vladimir M. Fridkin, and Vladimir L. Indenbom. "The Structure of Real Crystals." In Structure of Crystals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97512-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crystal's structure"

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Sasaki, Takeo, Ryoji Masuzawa, Ryouta Machida, et al. "Inspection of internal structures of objects by laser ultrasonics using photorefractive liquid crystals." In Liquid Crystals XXVIII, edited by Iam Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3026072.

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Konforty, Noa, Moshe-Ishay Cohen, Ohad Segal, Yonatan Plotnik, and Mordechai Segev. "Second Harmonic Generation in Photonic Time Crystals." In CLEO: Fundamental Science. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fth1l.1.

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We study the process of second harmonic generation in photonic time-crystals. We find the phase matching condition of the process and show it can be tailored by the photonic time-crystal band structure.
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Cohen, Moshe-Ishay, Noa Konforty, and Mordechai Segev. "Four-Wave Mixing in Photonic Time-Crystals." In CLEO: Fundamental Science. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.ftu4r.2.

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We study the process of four wave mixing in photonic time-crystals. We find that the phase matching condition is altered by the momentum band-structure of the time-crystal, enabling the enhancement of any chosen frequency.
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Pourmand, M., and Pankaj K. Choudhury. "Designing Reconfigurable Metamaterials Toward Structural Color Generation." In JSAP-Optica Joint Symposia. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/jsapo.2024.16p_b4_5.

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Dynamic color-generation structures provide higher resolution and scalability compared to the traditional pigmentation-based displays [1]. The main roadblock to the wide adoption of structural colors is the fixed optical response after the realization process. To address this issue, several kinds of tunability mechanisms have been introduced including the implementation of plasmonic nano-antennas enabled by liquid crystals [2] and plasmonic resonators exploiting stretchable materials [3]. The chalcogenide phase-change mediums- (PCMs) based plasmonic structures [7]. Herein, we propose an optimi
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Pearcy, English C., and Hersh K. Manaktala. "Nuclear Fuel Corrosion over Millennia Interpreted Using Geologic Data." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94129.

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Abstract Corrosion of nuclear fuel over the 10,000 year regulatory period in a geologic repository will be a function of physical characteristics (e.g., crystallinity, crystal sizes, crystal forms) and chemical characteristics (e.g., crystal composition, compositional variability, accessory phases). Natural uraninite (nominally UO2+x) which has undergone long-term corrosion can be studied to infer the long-term behavior of nuclear fuel. Previously, uraninite from the Nopal I deposit, Peña Blanca district, Chihuahua, Mexico, has been shown to constitute an outstanding analog material for compar
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Angelsky, O. V., Yu A. Ushenko, O. I. Olar, and V. V. Bachinskii. "Correlation structure of biological crystal's Jones matrices." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Malgorzata Kujawinska and Oleg V. Angelsky. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.797380.

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Li, Shuangshan, Mathew Wynn, and Navid Zobeiry. "A Machine Learning Framework for In-Situ Microstructural and Kinetics Analysis of Thermoplastic Composites While Processing Under a Polarized Microscope." In ASME 2023 Aerospace Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ssdm2023-105758.

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Abstract There has been a significant increase in thermoplastic composite applications in aerospace in recent years. Semi-crystalline thermoplastics like polyetheretherketone (PEEK) nucleate and grow crystalline structures called spherulites. Addition of carbon fibers forms a crystal structure called transcrystallinity. Processing parameters such as thermal uniformity, dwell time, and temperature history influence crystallinity and crystal morphology in thermoplastic composites. To investigate crystal morphology, neat PEEK and PEEK-carbon fiber composite samples are melted and cooled down whil
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Mysore Srirama Prasad, Rakesh. "Smart Structures and Materials." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0917.

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&lt;p&gt;Piezoelectric crystals are smart materials used in the structures for better performance under vibrations. These crystals act as a vibration damper, which depends upon location, size of crystal and value of shunt resistors. The presented work was carried out to measure the effectiveness of the crystal in reducing the response of the structure. A steel frame was used with three above mentioned parameters. Three (0.5mm. 1.0mm, 1.5mm) thicknesses, four values of shunt resistors (2.2, 10, 33 and 67 ohms) and three locations on the model (Top, Middle, and Bottom). At first, free vibration
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Baba, T., M. Ikeda, and N. Kamizawa. "Observation of Photonic Bandgap in GaInAsP/InP 2D Photonic Crystals by Equivalent Transmission Measurement." In Quantum Optoelectronics. Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qo.1997.qtha.3.

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Semiconductor photonic crystals are promising candidates for realizing spontaneous emission control, i.e., enhancement of spontaneous emission rate (SER) and spontaneous emission factor. Schematic structure of various dimensions of photonic crystal and corresponding wave vector space inhibited by photonic bandgaps (PBGs) are summarized in Fig. 1. Due to the almost perfect PBG and single mode localized state, 3D structures are ideal. However, structures for optical wavelength range are still difficult to fabricate. We have studied 2D structures1,2) to confirm preliminary effects of photonic cry
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Liu, Tieqi, and Christopher S. Lynch. "Crystal-variant-based modeling of relaxor single crystals." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Dimitris C. Lagoudas. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.484706.

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Reports on the topic "Crystal's structure"

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Glushko, E. Ya, and A. N. Stepanyuk. Pneumatic photonic crystals: properties and application in sensing and metrology. [б. в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2875.

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A pneumatic photonic crystal i.e. a medium containing regularly distributed gas-filled voids divided by elastic walls is proposed as an optical indicator of pressure and temperature. The indicator includes layered elastic platform, optical fibers and switching valves, all enclosed into a chamber. We have investigated theoretically distribution of deformation and pressure inside a pneumatic photonic crystal, its bandgap structure and light reflection changes depending on external pressure and temperature.
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Zhang, Xiongzhi, Robert Bau, Jeffrey A. Sheehy, and Karl O. Christe. Crystal Structure of Hexamethylguanidinium Hexafluorosilicate Hexahydrate. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408584.

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Zhang, Xiongzhi, Robert Bau, Jeffrey A. Sheehy, and Karl O. Christe. Crystal Structure of Hexamethylguanidinium Hexafluorosilicate Hexahydrate. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386864.

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Cowan, Benjamin M. Photonic Crystal Laser Accelerator Structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813138.

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Cowan, Benjamin M. Photonic Crystal Laser-Driven Accelerator Structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/915385.

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Cowan, B. Photonic Crystal Laser-Driven Accelerator Structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/829738.

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Cowan, Benjamin M. Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Accelerator Structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815599.

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Fast, L., and P. Soederlind. Crystal structure of actinide metals at high compression. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/113969.

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Lee, John. Crystal and Solution Structure of the Photoprotein Obelin. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407919.

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Zhang, Rong-Guang, M. L. Westbrook, S. Nance, B. D. Spangler, D. L. Scott, and E. M. Westbrook. The three-dimensional crystal structure of cholera toxin. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/205782.

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