Journal articles: 'Crystal engineering of MOF'

1

Li, Lan, Xu‐Sheng Wang, Tian‐Fu Liu, and Jinhua Ye. "Titanium‐Based MOF Materials: From Crystal Engineering to Photocatalysis." Small Methods 4, no. 12 (September 13, 2020): 2000486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202000486.

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Tanaka, Shunsuke. "Crystal Size Engineering and Membrane Formation of ZIF–8 MOF." membrane 41, no. 4 (2016): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.41.165.

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Zhang, Xianfang, Zhengtao Xu, Jiahai Zhou, Xiwen Xing, and Long Li. "Enhancement of Protein Crystallization Using Nano-Sized Metal–Organic Framework." Crystals 12, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050578.

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Protein crystallization plays a fundamental role in structural biology and chemistry, drug discovery, and crystallography itself. Determining how to improve the crystal growth is necessary and vital during the whole process. According to the recently published data, crystallizing proteins on nanoporous surfaces (i.e., metal–organic framework, abbreviated as MOF) is faster and demands less protein. However, dispersing micro-sized MOF materials uniformly is still a challenge and limiting process in protein crystallization. Here, we investigate the uniformity of micro-sized MOF under the treatment of the high-pressure homogenizer. At various pressures, the MOF is split into particles of different sizes, including the uniform and stable nano-sized MOF. Crystallization experiments demonstrated its enhancement in protein crystallization, and the number of crystals is significantly increased in the presence of nano-sized MOF. This work explores the use of nano-sized MOF solids to crystallize proteins of limited availability (i.e., insufficient for conventional methods) or of a hard-to-crystallize nature.

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Aggarwal, Himanshu, Prashant Bhatt, Charl Benzuidenhout, and Leonard Barbour. "Direct evidence for 2-fold to 3-fold change of interpenetration in a MOF." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314093632.

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Single-crystal to single-crystal transformations has recently received much attention in the field of crystal engineering. Such transformations not only provide insight into the changes taking place within the crystal at the molecular level, but they also aid our understanding of the structure-property relationships. Discrete crystals have been shown to tolerate considerable dynamic behavior at the molecular level while maintaining their single-crystal character. Examples that are common in the literature include bond formation/cleavage,[1] guest uptake,[2] release or exchange as well as polymorphic phase transformations. However, there are rare examples of the structural transformations on the host framework initiated by removal of guest or change in physical conditions such as temperature or pressure. We have investigated a known doubly-interpenetrated metal organic framework with the formula [Zn2(ndc)2(bpy)] which possesses minimal porosity when activated. We have shown not only that the material converts to its triply-interpenetrated analogue upon desolvation, but that the transformation occurs in a single-crystal to single-crystal manner under ambient conditions.[3] This contribution probes the limits to which a single-crystal material can undergo structural rearrangement while still maintaining the macroscopic integrity of the crystal as a discrete entity.

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Louw, Kirsten I., Bronwyn H. Bradshaw-Hajek, and James M. Hill. "Ferric Ion Diffusion for MOF-Polymer Composite with Internal Boundary Sinks." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050887.

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Simple and economical ferric ion detection is necessary in many industries. An europium-based metal organic framework has selective sensing properties for solutions containing ferric ions and shows promise as a key component in a new sensor. We study an idealised sensor that consists of metal organic framework (MOF) crystals placed on a polymer surface. A two-dimensional diffusion model is used to predict the movement of ferric ions through the solution and polymer, and the ferric ion association to a MOF crystal at the boundary between the different media. A simplified one-dimensional model identifies the choice of appropriate values for the dimensionless parameters required to optimise the time for a MOF crystal to reach steady state. The model predicts that a large non-dimensional diffusion coefficient and an effective association with a small effective flux will reduce the time to steady-state. The effective dissociation is the most significant parameter to aid the estimation of the ferric ion concentration. This paper provides some theoretical insight for material scientists to optimise the design of a new ferric ion sensor.

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Chen, Ying-Pin, Tian-Fu Liu, Stephen Fordham, and Hong-Cai Zhou. "Crystal engineering on superpolyhedral building blocks in metal–organic frameworks applied in gas adsorption." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 71, no. 6 (November 7, 2015): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205252061501584x.

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Two metal–organic frameworks [PCN-426(Ni) and PCN-427(Cu)] have been designed and synthesized to investigate the structure predictability using a SBB (supermolecular building blocks) approach. Tetratopic ligands featuring 120° angular carboxylate moieties were coordinated with a [Ni3(μ3-O)] cluster and a [Cu2O2] unit, respectively. As topologically predicted, 4-connected networks with square coordination adopted the nbo net for the Ni-MOF and ssb net for the Cu-MOF. PCN-426(Ni) was augmented with 12-connected octahedral SBBs, while PCN-427(Cu) was constructed with tetragonal open channels. After a CO2 supercritical drying procedure, the PCN-426(Ni) possessed a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area as high as 3935 m2 g−1 and impressively high N2 uptake of 1500 cm3 g−1. This work demonstrates the generalization of the SBB strategy, finding an alternative to inconvenient synthetic processes to achieve the desired structural features.

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Hobday, Claire, Stephen Moggach, Carole Morrison, Tina Duren, and Ross Forgan. "Compressibility Studies of Zirconium Based Metal-Organic Frameworks." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098428.

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a well-studied class of porous materials with the potential to be used in many applications such as gas storage and catalysis.[1] UiO-67 (UiO = University of Oslo), a MOF built from zirconium oxide units connected with 4,4-biphenyldicarboxylate (BDC) linkers, forms a face centred cubic structure. Zirconium has a high affinity towards oxygen ligands making these bridges very strong, resulting in UiO-based MOFs having high chemical and thermal stability compared to other MOF structures. Moreover, UiO-67 has become popular in engineering studies due to its high mechanical stability.[2] Using high pressure x-ray crystallography we can exert MOFs to GPa pressures, experimentally exploring the mechanical stability of MOFs to external pressure. By immersing the crystal in a hydrostatic medium, pressure is applied evenly to the crystal. On surrounding a porous MOF with a hydrostatic medium composed of small molecules (e.g. methanol), the medium can penetrate the MOF, resulting in medium-dependant compression. On compressing MOF-5 (Zn4O(BDC)3) using diethylformamide as a penetrating medium, the framework was shown to have an increased resistance to compression, becoming amorphous several orders of magnitude higher in pressure than observed on grinding the sample.[3] Here we present a high-pressure x-ray diffraction study on the UiO-based MOF UiO-67, and several new synthesised derivatives built from same metal node but with altered organic linkers, allowing us to study in a systematic way, the mechanical stability of the MOF, and its pressure dependence on both the linker, and pressure medium.

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Krūkle-Bērziņa, Belyakov, Mishnev, and Shubin. "Stability and Phase Transitions of Nontoxic γ-Cyclodextrin-K+ Metal-Organic Framework in Various Solvents." Crystals 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010037.

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Cyclodextrin (CD) has been used to prepare biocompatible and nontoxic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) suitable for biomedical applications as drug carriers. In this study, γ-CD/K-based MOF (γ-CD-MOF-1-α) was synthesized and its stability in various solvents was explored by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry (SCXRD) and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD). As a result of solvent-induced phase transformations, two novel crystalline phases of γ-CD-MOF-1 were discovered. The newly formed ε- and δ-phases crystallize in orthorhombic and tetragonal symmetry, respectively. In ε-phase, toluene was determined as a guest molecule by SCXRD. Interactions between γ-cyclodextrin and solvent molecules in ε-phase were evaluated using Hirshfeld surface analysis. The thermal stability of the new crystal forms of γ-CD-MOF-1 was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.

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Hong, Ji Hwa, Yongju Jung, and Seok Kim. "Synthesis of Bi-Metallic Organic Frameworks and Their Capacitive Behaviors According to Metal Mixing Ratio." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 2987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17467.

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Metallic organic frameworks (MOFs) with mixed metals has attracted attention as electrochemical energy storage material because it has high specific surface area, synergy of two metals, and a new crystal structure different from that of conventional MOF. In this study, we synthesized MOFs, including nickel and zinc, by hydrothermal method at a time. We investigated the effect of two metal ratios on the capacitive behavior. Through the structure and morphology analysis, it was found that Ni–Zn-MOF forms a completely different crystal structure from MOF using one metal, and found that it is a porous material. As a result of electrochemical measurements with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), the specific capacitance of Ni–Zn-MOF 2:1 with a nickel to zinc ratio of 2:1 was 616 F g−1 at a current density was 1 A g−1.

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Li, Yunzhuo, Zirong Tang, and Chen Chen. "The Modulating Effect of Ethanol on the Morphology of a Zr-Based Metal–Organic Framework at Room Temperature in a Cosolvent System." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040434.

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We report that ethanol, used together with water, plays a crucial role in tuning the structures of a zirconium-based metal–organic framework and the 12-connected MOF-801, as well as the possible mechanisms of this modulating effect. By employing a cosolvent system of ethanol and water at just under room temperature without the presence of a monotopic carboxylic acid as the modulator, MOF-801 in various morphologies of different sizes could be synthesized. A linear correlation between the ethanol/water ratio and the crystal sizes is also demonstrated. The growth mechanism is mainly explained by ethanol’s bonding with the metal ion clusters and the Marangoni flow effect. Ethanol competes with the linker molecules in coordinating with the Zr metal clusters, a role similar to that of the modulators. The Marangoni flow effect, which dominates at a certain solvent ratio, further promotes the 1D alignment of the MOF-801 crystals.

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Zhang, Yaping, Di Gao, Yufeng He, Bozhen Li, Pengfei Song, and Rongmin Wang. "Preparation of a hybrids APT@MIL by one-step solvent-thermal method for effectively degrading organics." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 5 (February 9, 2021): 1118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.055.

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Abstract The attapulgite (APT), a typical nano-rod structured clay was introduced to MIL-101(Fe), a typical eco-friendly iron-based Metal-Organic Framework material (MOF), during the preparation by a one-step solvothermal method, which afforded a novel APT and MOF hybrid (APT@MIL). Based on the characterization of SEM, FT-IR and XRD, it was found that the rod-like crystals of APT determined the size of MIL-101(Fe) while maintaining its regular octahedral crystal form, and the crystal size of MIL-101(Fe) in APT@MIL enlarged 4 times. It was also discovered that the rod-like APT were evenly distributed in MIL-101(Fe) crystals. Using APT@MIL as the photocatalyst, some organic dyes were photodegraded in simulated sunlight. The analysis indicated that APT@MIL has high adsorption and photodegradation activity, the removal rate of methylene blue was up to 99.5%. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of APT@MIL was verified by UV-Vis DRS, photoluminescence spectra. The thermodynamic adsorption, kinetic characteristics adsorption, and removal mechanism of APT@MIL are also discussed. In summary, a novel hybrid material APT@MIL was successfully prepared with good adsorption and photocatalytic performance. It is expected to be used in photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater.

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Sahoo, Pathik, and Subrata Ghosh. "Space and Time Crystal Engineering in Developing Futuristic Chemical Technology." ChemEngineering 5, no. 4 (October 7, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5040067.

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In the coming years, multipurpose catalysts for delivering different products under the same chemical condition will be required for developing smart devices for industrial or household use. In order to design such multipurpose devices with two or more specific roles, we need to incorporate a few independent but externally controllable catalytically active centers. Through space crystal engineering, such an externally controllable multipurpose MOF-based photocatalyst could be designed. In a chemical system, a few mutually independent secondary reaction cycles nested within the principal reaction cycle can be activated externally to yield different competitive products. Each reaction cycle can be converted into a time crystal, where the time consuming each reaction step could be converted as an event and all the reaction steps or events could be connected by a circle to build a time crystal. For fractal reaction cycles, a time polycrystal can be generated. By activating a certain fractal event based nested time crystal branch, we can select one of the desired competitive products according to our needs. This viewpoint intends to bring together the ideas of (spatial) crystal engineering and time crystal engineering in order to make use of the time–space arrangement in reaction–catalysis systems and introduce new aspects to futuristic chemical engineering technology.

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Qi, Beiying, Xinchang Wang, Xinyue Wang, Jipeng Cheng, and Yuanyuan Shang. "Synthesis and H2S-sensing Properties of MOF-Derived Cu-Doped ZnO Nanocages." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 2579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152579.

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Metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived pure ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO nanocages were fabricated by calcining a zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-8) and Cu-doped ZIF-8. The morphology and crystal structure of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that Cu doping did not change the crystal structures and morphologies of MOF-derived ZnO nanocages. The H2S-sensing properties of the sensors based on ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO nanocages were investigated. The results indicated that the H2S-sensing properties of MOF-derived ZnO nanocages were effectively improved by Cu doping, and the optimal doping content was 3 at%. Moreover, 3 at% Cu-doped ZnO nanocages showed the highest response of 4733 for 5 ppm H2S at 200 °C, and the detection limit could be as low as 20 ppb. The gas-sensing mechanism was also discussed.

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Nguyen, Khoa D., Phuoc H. Ho, Phuong D. Vu, Thuyet L. D. Pham, Philippe Trens, Francesco Di Renzo, Nam T. S. Phan, and Ha V. Le. "Efficient Removal of Chromium(VI) Anionic Species and Dye Anions from Water Using MOF-808 Materials Synthesized with the Assistance of Formic Acid." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061398.

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This study presents a simple approach to prepare MOF-808, an ultra-stable Zr-MOF constructed from 6-connected zirconium clusters and 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid, with tailored particle sizes. Varying the amount of formic acid as a modulator in the range of 200–500 equivalents results in MOF-808 materials with a crystal size from 40 nm to approximately 1000 nm. Apart from the high specific surface area, a combination of a fraction of mesopore and plenty of acidic centers on the Zr-clusters induces a better interaction with the ionic pollutants such as K2Cr2O7 and anionic dyes. MOF-808 shows uptakes of up to 141.2, 642.0, and 731.0 mg/g for K2Cr2O7, sunset yellow, and quinoline yellow, respectively, in aqueous solutions at ambient conditions. The uptakes for the ionic dyes are significantly higher than those of other MOFs reported from the literature. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of MOF-808 remains stable after four cycles. Our results demonstrate that MOF-808 is a promising ideal platform for removing oxometallates and anionic dyes from water.

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Liu, Chengxin, Jin Cui, Yufang Wang, and Mingjie Zhang. "A novel two-dimensional metal–organic framework as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the dehydrogenative oxidation of alcohol and the N-arylation of azole compounds." RSC Advances 11, no. 19 (2021): 11739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00248a.

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A novel metal–organic framework (MOF) with two-dimensional (2D) crystal structure was developed using Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O and 2,2′,5,5′-tetramethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid.

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Li, Yun-Wu, Qian Wu, Rui-Cong Ma, Xiao-Qi Sun, Dan-Dan Li, Hong-Mei Du, Hui-Yan Ma, Da-Cheng Li, Su-Na Wang, and Jian-Min Dou. "A Co-MOF-derived Co9S8@NS-C electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction." RSC Advances 11, no. 11 (2021): 5947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10864b.

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A porous Co₉S₈@NS-C-900 composite was fabricated by the pyrolysis of crystal Co-MOF involving thiourea. The composite exhibits efficient electrocatalytic activities and long-term durabilities towards HER in alkaline electrolytes.

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Chen, Jui-Ho, and Hsi-Chun Wang. "Metal-Organic Framework Synthesis System Based on Fuzzy Predictive Control via Network Transmission." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/105289.

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The purpose of this study is to construct metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesis heating systems based on fuzzy method for monitoring and automatic control. In this study, the temperature sensing module for measurements sensed values that it through a wireless ZigBee chips and wired DAQ device for real-time data transmission. Because MOF synthesis, often due to different modes of heating or heating instability caused by its nucleation and crystal growth rate, is an important influence, leading to different crystallinity, the use of fuzzy theory to predict the temperature parameter and instant heating MOF synthesis parameters can be adjusted to improve the accuracy of the system. The research system to RS-232 interface module for infrared emission control packets issued and automated control of the furnace through the infrared receiver module. This study is based on a terminal interface window of Visual Basic programming and LabView graphical diagram for control system design. Finally, this research, through a number of experiments to validate the use of fuzzy system development methods and networks, can improve the accuracy of the reaction efficiency MOF sensing and control the heating system.

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Zhestkij, Nikolaj, Anastasiia Efimova, Sergey Rzhevskiy, Yuliya Kenzhebayeva, Semyon Bachinin, Ekaterina Gunina, Maxim Sergeev, Vyacheslav Dyachuk, and Valentin A. Milichko. "Reversible and Irreversible Laser Interference Patterning of MOF Thin Films." Crystals 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060846.

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Laser interference patterning on top of a thin film and inside a crystal is a powerful tool today to create the desired patterns for optical data processing. Here, we demonstrate reversible and irreversible laser interference patterning on a metal-organic framework (MOF) thin film through the water desorption and thermal decomposition processes, respectively. The irreversible interference pattern with a period of the strips of up to 5 µm has been realized, and its morphology has been characterized using confocal Raman and reflection spectroscopy as well as atomic force microscopy. We revealed that reducing the distance between the interference maxima from 10.5 to a record of 5 µm for MOFs yields a 10-fold increase in the surface roughness of the irreversible pattern; on the other hand, the reversible laser pattern provides a completely non-destructive effect of variable optical contrast. The experimental results obtained open up prospects for the use of MOF crystals as photosensitive materials in the template drawing of the desired patterns for different application scopes.

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Shang, Shuang, Zhenhua Qin, Kui Lan, Yan Wang, Juanjuan Zhang, Tao Xiong, Weitao He, and Jianfen Li. "Hydrogen-rich syngas production via catalytic gasification of biomass using Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst." BioResources 15, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 1716–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1716-1731.

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A Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst supported on Zr-metal organic framework (Zr-MOF) was prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method and was used in the co-gasification of wet sludge and straw. The Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst was characterized via thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses. The experimental results illustrated that the Zr-MOF crystals were an octahedral structure with a specific surface area of 806 m2/g, and had mesoporous structure. Nickel was uniformly dispersed on the surface of the catalyst, and most of the Ni/Zr-MOF crystals maintained an octahedral morphology. Compared with non-catalyst biomass gasification, the H2 yield increased from 0.39 mol/kg to 11.87 mol/kg using the Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst at 500 °C. After 10 instances of reuse, the H2 yield was still as high as 10.11 mol/kg. The Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity and stability for biomass gasification at low-temperature.

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Sebghati, Marjan, Atekeh Tarahhomi, Marjan Sadat Bozorgvar, Dan G. Dumitrescu, and Arie van der Lee. "Coordination versus hydrogen bonds in the structures of different tris(pyridin-2-yl)phosphoric triamide derivatives." RSC Advances 11, no. 14 (2021): 8178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10539b.

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Tris(pyridin-2-yl)phosphoric triamide, as a metal complex and purely organic pseudopolymorphs, and the role of solvent/hydrate and substituent in the formation of the crystal packing features, along with an improved model of the MOF structure of Cu(ii)O₆ are investigated.

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Meng, Le, Qigan Cheng, Chungsik Kim, Wen-Yang Gao, Lukasz Wojtas, Yu-Sheng Chen, Michael J. Zaworotko, X. Peter Zhang, and Shengqian Ma. "Crystal Engineering of a Microporous, Catalytically Active fcu Topology MOF Using a Custom-Designed Metalloporphyrin Linker." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51, no. 40 (September 5, 2012): 10082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201205603.

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Meng, Le, Qigan Cheng, Chungsik Kim, Wen-Yang Gao, Lukasz Wojtas, Yu-Sheng Chen, Michael J. Zaworotko, X. Peter Zhang, and Shengqian Ma. "Crystal Engineering of a Microporous, Catalytically Active fcu Topology MOF Using a Custom-Designed Metalloporphyrin Linker." Angewandte Chemie 124, no. 40 (September 5, 2012): 10229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201205603.

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Falcaro, Paolo, Francois Normandin, Masahide Takahashi, Paolo Scopece, Heinz Amenitsch, Stefano Costacurta, Cara M. Doherty, et al. "Dynamic Control of MOF-5 Crystal Positioning Using a Magnetic Field." Advanced Materials 23, no. 34 (July 20, 2011): 3901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201101233.

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Wang, Bingqing, Meiting Zhao, Liuxiao Li, Ying Huang, Xiao Zhang, Chong Guo, Zhicheng Zhang, et al. "Ultra-thin metal-organic framework nanoribbons." National Science Review 7, no. 1 (August 13, 2019): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz118.

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Abstract Structure engineering of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) at the nanometer scale is attracting increasing interest due to their unique properties and new functions that normally cannot be achieved in bulk MOF crystals. Here, we report the preparation of ultra-thin MOF nanoribbons (NRBs) by using metal-hydroxide nanostructures as the precursors. Importantly, this general method can be used to synthesize various kinds of ultra-thin MOF NRBs, such as MBDC (M = Co, Ni; BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), NiCoBDC, CoTCPP (TCPP = tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) and MIL-53(Al) NRBs. As a proof-of-concept application, the as-prepared ultra-thin CoBDC NRBs have been successfully used as a fluorescent sensing platform for DNA detection, which exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The present strategy might open an avenue to prepare MOF nanomaterials with new structures and unique properties for various promising applications.

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Mazlan, Nurul A., Fraz Saeed Butt, Allana Lewis, Yaohao Yang, Shuiqing Yang, and Yi Huang. "The Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks in the Presence of Graphene Oxide: A Mini Review." Membranes 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050501.

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Integrated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with graphene oxide (GO) have aroused huge interest in recent years due to their unique properties and excellent performance compared to MOFs or GO alone. While a lot of attention has been focused on the synthesis methodologies and the performance analysis of the composite materials in recent years, the fundamental formation/crystallization mechanism(s) is (are) still not fully understood. Ascribed to the distinctive structural and functional properties of GO, the nucleation and crystallization process of MOFs could be altered/promoted, forming MOF/GO composite materials with different nanostructures. Furthermore, the MOF’s parental structure could also influence how the GO and MOF bond together. Thus, this short review attempted to provide critical and indepth discussions of recent research results with a particular focus on the factors that influence the directional growth of parent MOFs in the presence of graphene oxide. Due to the unique structure and enhanced properties, the derived MOF/GO composites have a wide range of applications including gas separation, electrochemistry, and photocatalysis. We hope this review will be of interest to researchers working on MOF design, crystal structure control (e.g., orientation), and composite materials development.

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Qian, Lin-Lu, Zhi-Xiang Wang, Hai-Xin Tian, Min Li, Bao-Long Li, and Hai-Yan Li. "Synthesis, structure and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes of a copper(II) metal–organic framework (Cu–MOF) with a 4-coordinated three-dimensional CdSO4 topology." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 75, no. 8 (July 5, 2019): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229619009306.

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much interest in the fields of gas separation and storage, catalysis synthesis, nonlinear optics, sensors, luminescence, magnetism, photocatalysis gradation and crystal engineering because of their diverse properties and intriguing topologies. A Cu–MOF, namely poly[[(μ2-succinato-κ2 O:O′){μ2-tris[4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]amine-κ2 N:N′}copper(II)] dihydrate], {[Cu(C4H4O4)(C24H18N10)]·2H2O} n or {[Cu(suc)(ttpa)]·2H2O} n , (I), was synthesized by the hydrothermal method using tris[4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl]amine (ttpa) and succinate (suc2−), and characterized by IR, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), luminescence, optical band gap and valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VB XPS). Cu–MOF (I) shows a twofold interpenetrating 4-coordinated three-dimensional CdSO4 topology with point symbol {65·8}. It presents good photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation. A photocatalytic mechanism was proposed and confirmed.

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Ge, Meng, Xiaodong Zou, and Zhehao Huang. "Three-Dimensional Electron Diffraction for Structural Analysis of Beam-Sensitive Metal-Organic Frameworks." Crystals 11, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030263.

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Electrons interact strongly with matter, which makes it possible to obtain high-resolution electron diffraction data from nano- and submicron-sized crystals. Using electron beam as a radiation source in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), ab initio structure determination can be conducted from crystals that are 6–7 orders of magnitude smaller than using X-rays. The rapid development of three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) techniques has attracted increasing interests in the field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), where it is often difficult to obtain large and high-quality crystals for single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Nowadays, a 3DED dataset can be acquired in 15–250 s by applying continuous crystal rotation, and the required electron dose rate can be very low (<0.1 e s−1 Å−2). In this review, we describe the evolution of 3DED data collection techniques and how the recent development of continuous rotation electron diffraction techniques improves data quality. We further describe the structure elucidation of MOFs using 3DED techniques, showing examples of using both low- and high-resolution 3DED data. With an improved data quality, 3DED can achieve a high accuracy, and reveal more structural details of MOFs. Because the physical and chemical properties of MOFs are closely associated with their crystal structures, we believe 3DED will only increase its importance in developing MOF materials.

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Morita, Masashi, Akira Yonezu, Shinpei Kusaka, Akihiro Hori, Yunsheng Ma, and Ryotaro Matsuda. "Direct observation of dimethyl sulfide trapped by MOF proving efficient removal of sulfur impurities." RSC Advances 10, no. 8 (2020): 4710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09702c.

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Gao, Jian, Ziming Li, Ziqi Deng, Meihua Liu, Wei Wei, Chunbai Zheng, Yifan Zhang, Shusen Chen, and Pengyang Deng. "Rapid Removal of Mercury from Water by Novel MOF/PP Hybrid Membrane." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102488.

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Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals that can cause terrible disease for human beings. Among different absorption materials, MOF (metal–organic framework) materials show potential as very attractive materials for the rapid removal of mercury. However, the instability and difficulty for regeneration of MOF crystals limit their applications. Here, a continuous sulfur-modified MOF (UiO-66-NHC(S)NHMe) layer was synthesized in situ on polymeric membranes (PP non-woven fabrics) by post-synthetic modification and used for rapid mercury removal. The MOF-based membrane (US-N) showed high selectivity for mercury in different aqueous systems, which is better than sulfur-modified MOF powders. A thinner MOF layer on US-N showed a much better mercury ion removal performance. US-N with a 59.3 nm MOF layer could remove more than 85% of mercury in 20 min from an aqueous solution. In addition, the US-N can simply regenerate several times for mercury removal and maintain the initial performance (removal ratio > 98%), exhibiting excellent durability and stability. This work promotes the application of MOF materials in the rapid removal of hazardous heavy metal ions from practical environments.

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Wang, Feifan, Jie Tian, Mengzhu Li, Weizhen Li, Lifang Chen, Xiaozhi Liu, Jian Li, et al. "A Photoactivated Cu–CeO 2 Catalyst with Cu‐[O]‐Ce Active Species Designed through MOF Crystal Engineering." Angewandte Chemie 132, no. 21 (February 25, 2020): 8280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201916049.

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Wang, Feifan, Jie Tian, Mengzhu Li, Weizhen Li, Lifang Chen, Xiaozhi Liu, Jian Li, et al. "A Photoactivated Cu–CeO 2 Catalyst with Cu‐[O]‐Ce Active Species Designed through MOF Crystal Engineering." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, no. 21 (February 25, 2020): 8203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916049.

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32

Gaikwad, Sanjit, Ravi Kumar Cheedarala, Ranjit Gaikwad, Soonho Kim, and Sangil Han. "Controllable Synthesis of 1, 3, 5-tris (1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl) Benzene-Based MOFs." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 9856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219856.

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The growing interest in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in both industrial and scientific circles has increased in the last twenty years, owing to their crystallinity, structural versatility, and controlled porosity. In this study, we present three novel MOFs obtained from the 1, 3, 5-tris (1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl) benzene (TIBM) organic linker. The formed TIBM crystal powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to estimate the morphology of the particles, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the crystal structure, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method for structural analysis, and thermogravimetric measurements to examine the thermal stability. The TIBM-Cu MOF showed excellent CO2 (3.60 mmol/g) adsorption capacity at 1 bar and 298 K, because of the open Cu site, compared to TIBM-Cr (1.6 mmol/g) and TIBM-Al (2.1 mmol/g). Additionally, due to the high porosity (0.3–1.5 nm), TIBM-Cu MOF showed a considerable CO2/N2 selectivity (53) compared to TIBM-Al (35) and TIBM-Cr (10).

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Jia, Yan-Yuan, Xiao-Ting Liu, Wen-He Wang, Li-Zhu Zhang, Ying-Hui Zhang, and Xian-He Bu. "A Sr 2+ -metal–organic framework with high chemical stability: synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence property." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2084 (January 13, 2017): 20160026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0026.

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are typically built by assembly of metal centres and organic linkers, and have emerged as promising crystalline materials in a variety of fields. However, the stability of MOFs is a key limitation for their practical applications. Herein, we report a novel Sr 2+ -MOF [Sr 4 (Tdada) 2 (H 2 O) 3 (DMF) 2 ] (denoted as NKU- 105 , NKU = Nankai University; H 4 Tdada = 5,5'-((thiophene-2,5-dicar bonyl)bis(azanediyl))diisophthalic acid; DMF = N,N -dimethylformamide) featuring an open square channel of about 6 Å along the c -axis. Notably, NKU- 105 exhibits much outstanding chemical stability against common organic solvents, boiling water, acids and bases, relative to most MOF materials. Furthermore, NKU- 105 is an environment-friendly luminescent material with a bright cyan emission. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks: materials by design’.

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Zhao, Y., D. D. Zhao, H. L. Liu, W. Y. Zhou, and G. Li. "Imidazole Multi-Carboxylate-Based 2D Cd(II) MOF: Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Properties." Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry 46, no. 4 (April 2020): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070328420040089.

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Wu, Yu-Qi, Lin-Hua Xie, Xi Qin, Yu-Xiu Sun, Ya-Bo Xie, and Jian-Rong Li. "Continuous Crystalline Membranes of a Ni(II)-Based Pillared-Layer Metal-Organic Framework In Situ Grown on Nickel Foam with Two Orientations." Crystals 8, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8100383.

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The membranes of a pillared-layer structure Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), [Ni(HBTC)(4,4′-bipy)] (HBTC = 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine), have been in situ fabricated on Nickel foam substrate. The orientations of MOF crystals in the membranes can be controlled by the molar ratio of ligand H3BTC to 4,4′-bipyridine. Scanning electron microscope images and powder X-ray diffraction patterns were used to characterize the membranes and confirm the orientations of their MOF layers. Control experiments have revealed that the presence of homologous metal element Nickel in both the MOF and the substrate and the presence of the neutral 4,4′-bipyridine in the reaction system are necessary for in situ growth of the well-intergrown MOF membranes. This work provides a successful example of directly growing continuous MOF layers on porous metallic substrate with desired orientations by a facile approach.

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Vizuet, Juan P., Abigail L. Lewis, Gregory T. McCandless, and Kenneth J. Balkus. "Characterization of a Holmium 4,4′-Biphenyldicarboxylate Metal-Organic Framework and Its Potential as a Holmium Carrier System." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 3019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17476.

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There is growing interest in Holmium carriers for radiotherapeutic applications. In this work, a holmium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) using the 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC) linker was synthesized and characterized to explore its potential as a radiotherapeutic carrier. The 3D MOF [Ho(BPDC)2]·(CH3)2NH2 was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, TGA and PXRD. A challenge to overcome in lanthanide-based MOFs is the deformation or collapse of the framework that can occur after evacuation of the pores. This structure displays high thermal stability and no collapse was observed when the molecules confined in the pores were removed. The coordination around the holmium center (CN = 8) is the key to this stability since only the organic linker and no solvent molecules coordinate to the metallic center. The porosity of the material was confirmed by high-pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption–desorption analysis. The stability of the MOF, its holmium content (28 wt%) and its porosity are features that make this material a potential holmium carrier for radiotherapeutic applications.

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Xu, Yulong, Yanna Lin, Ning Chu, Yanzhi Xing, and Xuwei Chen. "Crystal engineering of novel MOF@iCOF composite as a multifunction platform for targeted monitoring and capturing of norfloxacin." Chemical Engineering Journal 435 (May 2022): 134907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.134907.

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Wu, Ke, Teng Fei, and Tong Zhang. "Humidity Sensors Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 4208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234208.

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Humidity sensors are important in industrial fields and human activities. Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives are a class of promising humidity−sensing materials with the characteristics of a large specific surface area, high porosity, modifiable frameworks, and high stability. The drawbacks of MOFs, such as poor film formation, low electrical conductivity, and limited hydrophilicity, have been gradually overcome with the development of material science. Currently, it is moving towards a critical development stage of MOF−based humidity sensors from usability to ease of use, of which great challenges remain unsolved. In order to better understand the related challenges and point out the direction for the future development of MOF−based humidity sensors, we reviewed the development of such sensors based on related published work, focusing on six primary types (impedance, capacitive, resistive, fluorescent, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and others) and analyzed the sensing mechanism, material design, and sensing performance involved, and presented our thoughts on the possible future research directions.

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Qiao, Yuqing, Na Li, Mingwei Dong, Peng Jia, Chongchong Ma, Tong Zhang, and Tifeng Jiao. "MOF-Derived MnO/C Nanocomposites for High-Performance Supercapacitors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 4257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234257.

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As ordered porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted tremendous attention in the field of energy conversion and storage due to their high specific surface area, permanent porosity, and tunable pore sizes. Here, MOF-derived MnO/C nanocomposites with regular octahedral shape were synthesized using a Mn-based analogue of the MIL-100 framework (Mn-MIL-100, MIL: Matérial Institut Lavoisier) as the precursor. Using aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), MnO nanocages with a diameter of approximately 20 nm were recognized in the MnO/C nanocomposites fabricated, dispersed in a microporous carbon matrix homogeneously. The nanocages are composed of MnO nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 2 nm and with a single crystal structure. The specific surface area of the as-prepared MnO/C octahedra decreases to 256 m2 g−1 from 507 m2 g−1 of the Mn-MIL-100 precursor, whereas the total pore volume increases to 0.245 cm3 g−1, which is approximately 29% higher than that of the precursor (0.190 cm3 g−1). Additionally, when utilized as an electrode for supercapacitors, the MOF-derived MnO/C nanocomposite demonstrates a towering specific capacitance of 421 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and good cycle stability (94%) after 5000 cycles. Our work reveals that the MnO nanoparticles in MOF-derived MnO/C nanocomposites exhibit nanocage structure characteristics, which might be inherited from the Mn-MIL-100 precursor with analogous supertetrahedron units.

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Ibrahim, Amr A., Shaimaa L. Ali, Mina Shawky Adly, S. A. El-Hakam, S. E. Samra, and Awad I. Ahmed. "Green construction of eco-friendly phosphotungstic acid Sr-MOF catalysts for crystal violet removal and synthesis of coumarin and xanthene compounds." RSC Advances 11, no. 59 (2021): 37276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07160b.

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Saha, Dipendu, and Shuguang Deng. "Synthesis, characterization and hydrogen adsorption in mixed crystals of MOF-5 and MOF-177." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, no. 6 (March 2009): 2670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.082.

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42

Ge, Chengjie, Rajendran Ramachandran, and Fei Wang. "CeO2-Based Two-Dimensional Layered Nanocomposites Derived from a Metal–Organic Framework for Selective Electrochemical Dopamine Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 4880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174880.

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In this work, we demonstrate the incorporation of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials into a metal–organic framework (MOF) derived from one-dimensional (1D) cerium oxide (CeO2) for the electrochemical detection of dopamine. Ce-MOF was employed as a sacrificial template for preparing CeO2 with 2D materials by the pyrolysis process. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature was studied to achieve a better crystal structure of CeO2. Siloxene improved the dopamine sensing performance of CeO2 compared with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) due to the basal plane surface oxygen and hydroxyl groups of 2D siloxene. Under optimal conditions, the fabricated CeO2/siloxene electrode exhibited a detection limit of 0.292 μM, with a linear range from 0.292 μM to 7.8 μM. This work provides a novel scheme for designing the CeO2 material with siloxene for excellent dopamine sensors, which could be extended towards other biosensing applications.

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43

Wang, X. G., E. C. Wang, and E. C. Yang. "A new layered lead(II) MOF with helical chain motif: synthesis, crystal structure, and fluorescence." Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry 39, no. 7 (July 2013): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070328413060110.

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Huxley, Michael T., Campbell J. Coghlan, Witold M. Bloch, Alexandre Burgun, Christian J. Doonan, and Christopher J. Sumby. "X-ray crystallographic insights into post-synthetic metalation products in a metal–organic framework." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2084 (January 13, 2017): 20160028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0028.

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Post-synthetic modification of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) facilitates a strategic transformation of potentially inert frameworks into functionalized materials, tailoring them for specific applications. In particular, the post-synthetic incorporation of transition-metal complexes within MOFs, a process known as ‘metalation’, is a particularly promising avenue towards functionalizing MOFs. Herein, we describe the post-synthetic metalation of a microporous MOF with various transition-metal nitrates. The parent framework, 1 , contains free-nitrogen donor chelation sites, which readily coordinate metal complexes in a single-crystal to single-crystal transformation which, remarkably, can be readily monitored by X-ray crystallography. The presence of an open void surrounding the chelation site in 1 prompted us to investigate the effect of the MOF pore environment on included metal complexes, particularly examining whether void space would induce changes in the coordination sphere of chelated complexes reminiscent of those found in the solution state. To test this hypothesis, we systematically metalated 1 with first-row transition-metal nitrates and elucidated the coordination environment of the respective transition-metal complexes using X-ray crystallography. Comparison of the coordination sphere parameters of coordinated transition-metal complexes in 1 against equivalent solid- and solution-state species suggests that the void space in 1 does not markedly influence the coordination sphere of chelated species but we show notably different post-synthetic metalation outcomes when different solvents are used. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks: materials by design’.

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Alamgir, Khalid Talha, Ying-Jie Wang, Raza Ullah, Bin Wang, Lu Wang, Wei Wu, Sha Chen, Lin-Hua Xie, and Jian-Rong Li. "Construction of a mixed ligand MOF as “green catalyst” for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dye in aqueous media." RSC Advances 11, no. 38 (2021): 23838–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02994k.

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A new metal–organic framework named BUT-206 has been successfully synthesized, which shows a high photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of crystal violet without using any photosensitizer or cocatalyst under UV-irradiation.

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46

Huang, Yue, and San Huang Ke. "Hydrogen Storage in MOF-5 with Fluorine Substitution: A van der Waals Density Functional Theory Study." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.244.

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Physisorption of hydrogen molecules in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provides a promising way for hydrogen storage, in which the van der Waals (vdW) interaction plays an important role but cannot be described by the density functional theory (DFT). Using the vdW density functional (vdW-DF) method, we perform ab initio calculations for the MOF-5 crystal with one or multiple H2 adsorbed in its primitive cell. It is found that the binding with the organic linker is much smaller than with the metal oxide corner, which limits the H2 loading. We show that this can be improved significantly (from 5.50 to 10.39 kJ/mol) by replacing the H atoms of the organic linker with F atoms which causes extra electrostatic interaction.

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Batten, Stuart R., Neil R. Champness, Xiao-Ming Chen, Javier Garcia-Martinez, Susumu Kitagawa, Lars Öhrström, Michael O’Keeffe, Myunghyun Paik Suh, and Jan Reedijk. "Terminology of metal–organic frameworks and coordination polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2013)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 8 (July 31, 2013): 1715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rec-12-11-20.

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A set of terms, definitions, and recommendations is provided for use in the classification of coordination polymers, networks, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). A hierarchical terminology is recommended in which the most general term is coordination polymer. Coordination networks are a subset of coordination polymers and MOFs a further subset of coordination networks. One of the criteria an MOF needs to fulfill is that it contains potential voids, but no physical measurements of porosity or other properties are demanded per se. The use of topology and topology descriptors to enhance the description of crystal structures of MOFs and 3D-coordination polymers is furthermore strongly recommended.

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48

Liu, Xi, Bo Fu, Lin Li, Yun-Fei Jian, and Si Shu. "Synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence of a three-dimensional zinc coordination compound with NBO-type topology." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 75, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205322961900189x.

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The assembly of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with metal ions and organic ligands is currently attracting considerable attention in crystal engineering and materials science due to their intriguing architectures and potential applications. A new three-dimensional MOF, namely poly[[diaqua(μ8-para-terphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylato)dizinc(II)] dimethylformamide disolvate monohydrate], {[Zn2(C22H10O8)(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO·H2O} n , was synthesized by the self-assembly of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and para-terphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid (H4TPTC) under solvothermal conditions. The compound was structurally characterized by FT–IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Each ZnII ion is located in a square-pyramidal geometry and is coordinated by four carboxylate O atoms from four different TPTC4− ligands. Pairs of adjacent equivalent ZnII ions are bridged by four carboxylate groups, forming [Zn2(O2CR)4] (R = terphenyl) paddle-wheel units. One aqua ligand binds to each ZnII centre along the paddle-wheel axis. Each [Zn2(O2CR)4] paddle wheel is further linked to four terphenyl connectors to give a three-dimensional framework with NBO-type topology. The thermal stability and solid-state photoluminescence properties of the title compound have also been investigated.

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Gao, Yanxin, Gang Yu, Kai Liu, and Bin Wang. "Luminescent mixed-crystal Ln-MOF thin film for the recognition and detection of pharmaceuticals." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 257 (March 2018): 931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.10.180.

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Rosales-Vázquez, Luis D., Iván J. Bazany Rodríguez, Simón Hernández-Ortega, Víctor Sánchez-Mendieta, Alfredo R. Vilchis-Nestor, José de Jesús Cázares-Marinero, and Alejandro Dorazco-González. "Structure of a Luminescent MOF-2 Derivative with a Core of Zn(II)-Terephthalate-Isoquinoline and Its Application in Sensing of Xylenes." Crystals 10, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050344.

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A new blue photoluminescent 2D metal–organic framework, 1, with formula {[Zn2(μ2-BDC)2(iQ)2]}∞ has been synthesized in a high yield under solvothermal conditions by reacting Zn(II) ions with 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) and isoquinoline (iQ) in DMF. Compound 1 was thoroughly characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, solid-state cross-polarization magic-angle spinning 13C NMR, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and thermoanalysis. The crystal structure of 1 showed interpenetrated 2D frameworks consisting of dinuclear paddle-wheel cores Zn2; moreover, this material possessed thermostability up to 310 °C. The CPMAS 13C-NMR spectrum of 1 is consistent with the symmetry of the crystal structure. Luminescence studies showed that 1 strongly enhances its fluorescence emission in the presence of xylene isomers with a pronounced selectivity to p-xylene.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Crystal engineering of MOF'

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