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1

Desiraju, Gautam R. "Crystal engineering, crystals and crystallography." IUCrJ 5, no. 6 (2018): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252518015014.

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2

Heywood, Brigid R., and S. Champ. "Template mediated crystal engineering." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010017013x.

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Recent work on the crystallisation of inorganic crystals under compressed monomolecular surfactant films has shown that two dimensional templates can be used to promote the oriented nucleation of solids. When a suitable long alkyl chain surfactant is cast on the crystallisation media a monodispersied population of crystals forms exclusively at the monolayer/solution interface. Each crystal is aligned with a specific crystallographic axis perpendicular to the plane of the monolayer suggesting that nucleation is facilitated by recognition events between the nascent inorganic solid and the organi
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3

Desiraju, G. R. "Crystal engineering. From molecules to crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (2011): C18—C19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767311099600.

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4

Tothadi, Srinu, and Gautam R. Desiraju. "Unusual co-crystal of isonicotinamide: the structural landscape in crystal engineering." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1969 (2012): 2900–2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0309.

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The idea of a structural landscape is based on the fact that a large number of crystal structures can be associated with a particular organic molecule. Taken together, all these structures constitute the landscape. The landscape includes polymorphs, pseudopolymorphs and solvates. Under certain circumstances, it may also include multi-component crystals (or co-crystals) that contain the reference molecule as one of the components. Under still other circumstances, the landscape may include the crystal structures of molecules that are closely related to the reference molecule. The idea of a lands
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5

Zeng, Huahui, Jing Xiong, Zhuang Zhao, et al. "Preparation of Progesterone Co-Crystals Based on Crystal Engineering Strategies." Molecules 24, no. 21 (2019): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213936.

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Three co-formers of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline (CNA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), and 4,4′-biphenol (DOD) were selected to prepare the co-crystal of progesterone (PROG) based on crystal engineering strategies. These co-crystals were successfully obtained via slow evaporation from different solutions and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Different binding networks were observed in the co-crystal structures of PROG. The PROG-CNA co-crystal had the fastest rates and highest conce
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6

Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M. "Crystal Design and Crystal Engineering." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 42, no. 31 (2003): 3572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200390544.

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7

Saha, Subhankar, and Gautam R. Desiraju. "Crystal Engineering of Hand-Twisted Helical Crystals." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 5 (2017): 1975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b11835.

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8

Vittal, Jagadese J. "Crystal engineering of photoreactive and photosalient crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 74, a1 (2018): a18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767318099816.

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9

Morimoto, Masakazu, Seiya Kobatake, and Masahiro Irie. "Crystal engineering of photochromic diarylethene single crystals." Chemical Record 4, no. 1 (2004): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tcr.10078.

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10

Pujari, Narsimha, Stephanie L. Saundh, Francis A. Acquah, Blaine H. M. Mooers, Adrian R. Ferré-D’Amaré, and Adelaine Kwun-Wai Leung. "Engineering Crystal Packing in RNA Structures I: Past and Future Strategies for Engineering RNA Packing in Crystals." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080952.

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X-ray crystallography remains a powerful method to gain atomistic insights into the catalytic and regulatory functions of RNA molecules. However, the technique requires the preparation of diffraction-quality crystals. This is often a resource- and time-consuming venture because RNA crystallization is hindered by the conformational heterogeneity of RNA, as well as the limited opportunities for stereospecific intermolecular interactions between RNA molecules. The limited success at crystallization explains in part the smaller number of RNA-only structures in the Protein Data Bank. Several approa
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11

Mao, Ningbin, Yutao Tang, Mingke Jin, et al. "Nonlinear wavefront engineering with metasurface decorated quartz crystal." Nanophotonics 11, no. 4 (2021): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0464.

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Abstract In linear optical processes, compact and effective wavefront shaping techniques have been developed with the artificially engineered materials and devices in the past decades. Recently, wavefront shaping of light at newly generated frequencies was also demonstrated using nonlinear photonic crystals and metasurfaces. However, the nonlinear wave-shaping devices with both high nonlinear optical efficiency and high wave shaping efficiency are difficult to realize. To circumvent this constraint, we propose the idea of metasurface decorated optical crystal to take the best aspects of both t
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12

Hasija, Avantika, and Deepak Chopra. "Potential and challenges of engineering mechanically flexible molecular crystals." CrystEngComm 23, no. 34 (2021): 5711–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ce00173f.

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Crystal adaptronics has undergone tremendous developments that have been utilized to rationalize dynamics in crystals. This highlight discusses about the role of intermolecular interactions in rationalizing mechanical responses in crystals.
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13

Sathishkumar, G., M. Lenin, T. Gubendiran, B. Sathiyamoorthy, S. Nithiyanantham, and P. Ramasamy. "Structural, electrical and optical studies on organic NLO single crystal of N‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (BNA)." Vietnam Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 6 (2023): 778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202300129.

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AbstractThe 2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (NA) was converted into the raw material N‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (BNA), and the solubility of BNA in various organic solvents was calculated gravimetrically. BNA's solubility and crystal structure make it an excellent solvent for the low‐temperature solution growth method used to create single crystals of BNA with orthorhombic structure studied through single crystal analysis. Methanol was used to harvest the 3×10 mm3 BNA single crystals, which are big, translucent yellow crystals. BNA, the subject compound, the exothermic and endothermic nature was
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14

Desiraju, Gautam R. "Crystal Engineering: From Molecule to Crystal." Journal of the American Chemical Society 135, no. 27 (2013): 9952–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja403264c.

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15

Chopra, Deepak, and Dhananjay Dey. "Computational approaches towards crystal engineering in molecular crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314093577.

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The investigation of a large number of crystal structures has resulted in the development of the area of crystal engineering, which involves the study of intermolecular interactions in crystalline solids [1]. It is now of importance to understand the nature and energetics associated with different interactions [2] which influence the crystal packing. In this regard, different computational approaches (utilizing PIXEL and TURBOMOLE) have been developed which aid in the understanding of intra- and intermolecular interactions (for example, hydrogen and halogen bonding) in molecular crystals. This
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16

Champness, Neil R., and Steven De Feyter. "2D Crystal Engineering." CrystEngComm 13, no. 18 (2011): 5531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ce90056k.

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17

Dandekar, Preshit, Zubin B. Kuvadia, and Michael F. Doherty. "Engineering Crystal Morphology." Annual Review of Materials Research 43, no. 1 (2013): 359–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121623.

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18

Lovette, Michael A., Andrea Robben Browning, Derek W. Griffin, Jacob P. Sizemore, Ryan C. Snyder, and Michael F. Doherty. "Crystal Shape Engineering." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47, no. 24 (2008): 9812–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie800900f.

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19

Wheeler, Kraig A. "A Review of “Organic Crystal Engineering: Frontiers in Crystal Engineering”." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 548, no. 1 (2011): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2011.556545.

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20

Bourne, Susan A. "Intermolecular interactions in crystals: fundamentals of crystal engineering." Crystallography Reviews 24, no. 3 (2018): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0889311x.2017.1420649.

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21

Saha, Subhankar, and Gautam R. Desiraju. "Third-generation crystal engineering. Hand-twisted helical crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, a2 (2017): C850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273317087241.

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22

Nalawade, Akshay, Shubham Yadav, Poournima Sankpal, and Amir Tamboli. "Development and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen-Ferulic Acid Co-crystal With Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution Rate." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 15, no. 03 (2024): 1455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.15.3.56.

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Flurbiprofen, a BCS class II NSAID, was combined with GRAS molecules to create new co-crystal forms using crystal engineering techniques such as solvent drop grinding and evaporation. Analysis with XRD, DSC, and FTIR confirmed purity and co-crystal formation. X-ray crystal data revealed hydrogen bonding and interactions, while DSC showed changes in thermal behavior. The co-crystals, particularly the flurbiprofen-ferulic acid co-crystals, had increased solubility and faster dissolution than pure drug.
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23

Yu, Su-Peng, Juan A. Muniz, Chen-Lung Hung, and H. J. Kimble. "Two-dimensional photonic crystals for engineering atom–light interactions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (2019): 12743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1822110116.

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We present a 2D photonic crystal system for interacting with cold cesium (Cs) atoms. The band structures of the 2D photonic crystals are predicted to produce unconventional atom–light interaction behaviors, including anisotropic emission, suppressed spontaneous decay, and photon-mediated atom–atom interactions controlled by the position of the atomic array relative to the photonic crystal. An optical conveyor technique is presented for continuously loading atoms into the desired trapping positions with optimal coupling to the photonic crystal. The device configuration also enables application
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24

Lutfiyah, Dhea Sultana, Lili Fitriani, Muhammad Taher, and Erizal Zaini. "Crystal Engineering Approach in Physicochemical Properties Modifications of Phytochemical." Science and Technology Indonesia 7, no. 3 (2022): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.3.353-371.

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Phytochemicals have been used to reduce the risk of diseases and maintain good health and well-being. However, most phytochemicals have a limitation in their physicochemical properties, which can be modified by reforming the shape of the crystals. Therefore, crystal engineering is a promising approach to optimize physicochemical characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in a phytochemical without altering its pharmacological efficacy. Hence, this paper reviews current strategies for the use of crystal engineering to optimize physicochemical properties of phytochemicals, w
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25

Maly, Kenneth E., Nadia Malek, Jean-Hugues Fournier, Patricia Rodríguez-Cuamatzi, Thierry Maris, and James D. Wuest. "Engineering crystals built from molecules containing boron." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 7 (2006): 1305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678071305.

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The study of compounds containing boron continues to have an important impact on virtually every area of chemistry. One of the few areas in which compounds of boron have been neglected is crystal engineering, which seeks to develop and exploit an understanding of how the structure and properties of crystals are related to the individual atomic or molecular components. Although detailed predictions of crystal structures are not yet reliable, crystal engineers have developed a sound qualitative strategy for anticipating and controlling structural preferences. This strategy is based on the design
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26

Di, Jiayu, Haojin Li, Li Chen, et al. "Low Trap Density Para-F Substituted 2D PEA2PbX4 (X = Cl, Br, I) Single Crystals with Tunable Optoelectrical Properties and High Sensitive X-Ray Detector Performance." Research 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9768019.

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Exploring halogen engineering is of great significance for reducing the density of defect states in crystals of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and hence improving the crystal quality. Herein, high-quality single crystals of PEA2PbX4 (X = Cl, Br, I) and their para-F (p-F) substitution analogs are prepared using the facile solution method to study the effects of both p-F substitution and halogen anion engineering. After p-F substitution, the triclinic PEA2PbX4 (X = Cl, Br) and cubic PEA2PbX4 (X = I) crystals unifies to monoclinic crystal structure for p-F-PEA2PbX4 (X = Cl, Br, I) crystals.
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27

Zhou, Wuzong. "Reversed Crystal Growth: Implications for Crystal Engineering." Advanced Materials 22, no. 28 (2010): 3086–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200904320.

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28

Li, Errui, Kecheng Jie, Ming Liu, Xinru Sheng, Weijie Zhu, and Feihe Huang. "Vapochromic crystals: understanding vapochromism from the perspective of crystal engineering." Chemical Society Reviews 49, no. 5 (2020): 1517–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cs00098d.

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Vapochromic crystals, a specific kind of vapochromic materials, can be investigated from the perspective of crystal engineering to understand the mechanism of vapochromism, which is beneficial to design and prepare task-specific vapochromic materials.
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29

Anand, Rachna, Arun Kumar, and Arun Nanda. "Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals - Design, Development and Applications." Drug Delivery Letters 10, no. 3 (2020): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303109666191211145144.

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Background: Solubility and dissolution profile are the major factors which directly affect the biological activity of a drug and these factors are governed by the physicochemical properties of the drug. Crystal engineering is a newer and promising approach to improve physicochemical characteristics of a drug without any change in its pharmacological action through a selection of a wide range of easily available crystal formers. Objective: The goal of this review is to summarize the importance of crystal engineering in improving the physicochemical properties of a drug, methods of design, devel
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30

Walla, Brigitte, Daniel Bischoff, Robert Janowski, Nikolas von den Eichen, Dierk Niessing, and Dirk Weuster-Botz. "Transfer of a Rational Crystal Contact Engineering Strategy between Diverse Alcohol Dehydrogenases." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080975.

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Protein crystallization can serve as a purification step in biotechnological processes but is often limited by the non-crystallizability of proteins. Enabling or improving crystallization is mostly achieved by high-throughput screening of crystallization conditions and, more recently, by rational crystal contact engineering. Two selected rational crystal contact mutations, Q126K and T102E, were transferred from the alcohol dehydrogenases of Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH) to Lactobacillus kefir (LkADH). Proteins were expressed in E. coli and batch protein crystallization was performed in stirred
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31

Zheng, Wen Li, and Wei Yang. "Effect of Mineralizer Concentration on ZnO Crystals Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1372.

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In this paper, the ZnO crystal was synthesized using hydrothermal method through 24 hours reaction with 35 % filling factor at 430°C. When the mineralizer concentration is rather low (eg. lmol/L NaOH), only ZnO microcrystal is produced. The mineralizer concentration increases, the larger crystal was present. When 5 mol/L NaOH served as mineralizer, the extent of the synthesized crystal was nearly 500m. The ZnO cryslals with length of 1500m were present when 3ml/L KOH served as mineralizer. Respectively when 3mol/L NaOH and lmol/L KBr were used as mineralizer, the extent of the synthesized crys
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32

Rimer, Jeffrey D., Aseem Chawla, and Thuy T. Le. "Crystal Engineering for Catalysis." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 9, no. 1 (2018): 283–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-083953.

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Crystal engineering relies upon the ability to predictively control intermolecular interactions during the assembly of crystalline materials in a manner that leads to a desired (and predetermined) set of properties. Economics, scalability, and ease of design must be leveraged with techniques that manipulate the thermodynamics and kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth. It is often challenging to exact simultaneous control over multiple physicochemical properties, such as crystal size, habit, chirality, polymorph, and composition. Engineered materials often rely upon postsynthesis (top-down)
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33

Reddy, C. Malla, G. Rama Krishna, and Soumyajit Ghosh. "Mechanical properties of molecular crystals—applications to crystal engineering." CrystEngComm 12, no. 8 (2010): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c003466e.

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34

Gunnam, Anilkumar, Kuthuru Suresh, Ramesh Ganduri, and Ashwini Nangia. "Crystal engineering of zwitterionic drug to neutral co-crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, a2 (2017): C1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273317085333.

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35

Paul, Mithun, and Gautam R. Desiraju. "Designing multi-component molecular crystals: a crystal engineering approach." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, a2 (2017): C675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273317088982.

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36

Mir, Niyaz A., Ritesh Dubey, and Gautam R. Desiraju. "Crystal engineering and the design of higher co-crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, a2 (2017): C405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273317091689.

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37

Gentile, A. L., and D. F. Elwell. "Crystal Growth." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 10 (1988): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400064150.

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Crystal growth is a vital and fundamental part of materials science and engineering, since crystals of suitable size and perfection are required for fundamental data acquisition and for practical devices such as integrated circuits.The word “crystal” comes from the Greek and means “congealed by cold.” The term was originally applied to ice crystals and to crystalline quartz found in such locations as the Alps and thought, at one time, to be some permanently frozen form of water. As a crystallization process, crystal growth extends throughout recorded history—the crystallization of salt from se
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38

Braga, Dario, Fabrizia Grepioni, Lucia Maini, and Simone d'Agostino. "Making crystals with a purpose; a journey in crystal engineering at the University of Bologna." IUCrJ 4, no. 4 (2017): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252517005917.

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The conceptual relationship between crystal reactivity, stability and metastability, solubility and morphology on the one hand and shape, charge distribution, chirality and distribution of functional groups over the molecular surfaces on the other hand is discussed,viaa number of examples coming from three decades of research in the field of crystal engineering at the University of Bologna. The bottom-up preparation of mixed crystals, co-crystals and photoreactive materials starting from molecular building blocks across the borders of organic, organometallic and metalorganic chemistry is recou
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39

Lehane, K. N., P. J. Kelly, E. J. A. Moynihan, A. R. Maguire, and S. E. Lawrence. "Stereochemistry in crystal engineering." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (2005): c354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876730508493x.

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40

Desiraju, Gautam R. "Crystal engineering and IUCrJ." IUCrJ 3, no. 1 (2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252515024100.

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41

Braga, Dario, Gautam R. Desiraju, Joel S. Miller, A. Guy Orpen, and Sarah (Sally) L. Price. "Innovation in crystal engineering." CrystEngComm 4, no. 83 (2002): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b207466b.

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42

Bourne, Susan A. "Chemistry and crystal engineering." IUCrJ 11, no. 4 (2024): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252524006249.

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43

Krishnamohan Sharma, C. V., and Robin D. Rogers. "Perspectives of crystal engineering." Materials Today 1, no. 3 (1998): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(98)80010-2.

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44

Kahr, Bart. "Crystal Engineering in Kindergarten1." Crystal Growth & Design 4, no. 1 (2004): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg034152s.

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45

Laramy, Christine R., Matthew N. O’Brien, and Chad A. Mirkin. "Crystal engineering with DNA." Nature Reviews Materials 4, no. 3 (2019): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0087-2.

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46

Custelcean, Radu. "Anions in crystal engineering." Chemical Society Reviews 39, no. 10 (2010): 3675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b926221k.

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47

Chen, Zibin, Fei Li, Qianwei Huang, et al. "Giant tuning of ferroelectricity in single crystals by thickness engineering." Science Advances 6, no. 42 (2020): eabc7156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc7156.

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Thickness effect and mechanical tuning behavior such as strain engineering in thin-film ferroelectrics have been extensively studied and widely used to tailor the ferroelectric properties. However, this is never the case in freestanding single crystals, and conclusions from thin films cannot be duplicated because of the differences in the nature and boundary conditions of the thin-film and freestanding single-crystal ferroelectrics. Here, using in situ biasing transmission electron microscopy, we studied the thickness-dependent domain switching behavior and predicted the trend of ferroelectric
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48

Fatima, Syeda Saima, Rajesh Kumar, M. Iqbal Choudhary, and Sammer Yousuf. "Crystal engineering of exemestane to obtain a co-crystal with enhanced urease inhibition activity." IUCrJ 7, no. 1 (2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252519016142.

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Co-crystallization is a phenomenon widely employed to enhance the physio-chemical and biological properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Exemestane, or 6-methylideneandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, is an anabolic steroid used as an irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor, which is in clinical use to treat breast cancer. The present study deals with the synthesis of co-crystals of exemestane with thiourea by liquid-assisted grinding. The purity and homogeneity of the exemestane–thiourea (1:1) co-crystal were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction followed by thermal stab
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49

Cai, Chunli, Qian Wang, Changsheng Yin, et al. "Shape-Engineering and Mechanism Investigation of AgCl Microcrystals." Crystals 15, no. 5 (2025): 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15050451.

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AgCl microcrystals are used in visible light photocatalysis. However, their properties depend strongly on the morphology of the crystals and the degree of exposure of the crystal planes. Despite extensive research conducted on the synthesis of AgCl microcrystals, the majority of existing studies have focused on the stable growth of crystals. The role of Cl− ions concentration as a key factor controlling the microcrystals morphology has not been fully explored, which limits the precise tuning of the morphology of AgCl microcrystals. In this study, AgCl microcrystals with controllable morphology
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50

Ito, Yuki, Takuya Araki, Shota Shiga, Hiroyuki Konno, and Koki Makabe. "Surface Engineering of Top7 to Facilitate Structure Determination." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 2 (2022): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020701.

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Top7 is a de novo designed protein whose amino acid sequence has no evolutional trace. Such a property makes Top7 a suitable scaffold for studying the pure nature of protein and protein engineering applications. To use Top7 as an engineering scaffold, we initially attempted structure determination and found that crystals of our construct, which lacked the terminal hexahistidine tag, showed weak diffraction in X-ray structure determination. Thus, we decided to introduce surface residue mutations to facilitate crystal structure determination. The resulting surface mutants, Top7sm1 and Top7sm2, c
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