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Journal articles on the topic 'Crystal growth from melts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Honjo, S., M. J. Cima, M. C. Flemings, et al. "Seeded Crystal Growth of Yba2Cu3O6.5 in Semisolid Melts." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 4 (1997): 880–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0128.

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Melt textured single crystals of YBa2Cu3O6.5 (123) superconductors were produced by isothermal solidification from a semisolid melt using single crystal NdBa2Cu3O6.5 or SmBa2Cu3O6.5 seeds. The microstructure within the single crystals shows an inhomogeneous segregation of Y2BaCO5 (211) particles trapped in the 123 crystals during solidification. The concentration of 211 particles varies with the crystal axes in 123 crystals produced from precursors with compositions of 80 wt.% 123 powder and 20 wt.% excess 211. The 211 particle concentration along the c-axis in the crystal is much lower than t

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2

Delhommelle, J. "Crystal nucleation and growth from supercooled melts." Molecular Simulation 37, no. 7 (2011): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927022.2011.566611.

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3

Rudolph, P., and K. Kakimoto. "Crystal Growth from the Melt under External Force Fields." MRS Bulletin 34, no. 4 (2009): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.75.

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AbstractThe present and future demands of industrial bulk crystal growth from the melt are concentrated on improved crystal quality, increased yield, and reduced costs. To meet these challenges, the size of the melt volume must be markedly increased. As a result, violent convective perturbations appear within the melts due to turbulent heat and mass flows. They disturb the single crystal growth and give rise to compositional inhomogeneities. The application of external force fields is an effective method to dampen and control these flows. After introducing different stabilizing variants, such

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4

Su, Ching Hua, Sandor L. Lehoczky, Chao Li, et al. "Crystal Growth of CdTe by Gradient Freeze in Universal Multizone Crystallizator (UMC)." Materials Science Forum 508 (March 2006): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.117.

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In this study, crystals of CdTe were grown from melts, which have undergone different thermal history, by the unseeded gradient freeze method using the Universal Multizone Crystallizator (UMC). The effects of melt conditions on the quality of grown crystal were studied by various characterization techniques, including Synchrotron White Beam X-ray Topography (SWBXT), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrical conductivity and Hall measurements.

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5

Izumi, Teruo, and Yuh Shiohara. "Crystal growth of superconductive oxide from oxide melts." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 66, no. 2-4 (2005): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2004.06.029.

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6

Yan, Zhenzhen, Bin Xu, Jinfu Li, and Lingti Kong. "Defect-mediated crystal growth from deeply undercooled melts." Computational Materials Science 201 (January 2022): 110861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2021.110861.

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7

Hall, Kyle Wm, Timothy W. Sirk, Simona Percec, Michael L. Klein, and Wataru Shinoda. "Monodisperse Polymer Melts Crystallize via Structurally Polydisperse Nanoscale Clusters: Insights from Polyethylene." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020447.

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This study demonstrates that monodisperse entangled polymer melts crystallize via the formation of nanoscale nascent polymer crystals (i.e., nuclei) that exhibit substantial variability in terms of their constituent crystalline polymer chain segments (stems). More specifically, large-scale coarse-grain molecular simulations are used to quantify the evolution of stem length distributions and their properties during the formation of polymer nuclei in supercooled prototypical polyethylene melts. Stems can adopt a range of lengths within an individual nucleus (e.g., ∼1–10 nm) while two nuclei of c

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8

Li, Li Xin, Jun Liang Zhao, and Xue Mao Guan. "Measurement of Growth Kinetics of Deeply Undercooled Zr₅₀Cu₅₀ Melt by Electromagnetic Levitation Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.56.

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The crystal growth kinetics in the deeply undercooled Zr50Cu50 melt was studied with the electromagnetic levitation technique. The maximum growth rate umax was, for the first time, demonstrated in undercooled metal and alloy melts, and this allowed us to construct the complete profile of crystal growth kinetics in the whole undercooling region of Zr50Cu50 melt. In deep undercooling region near glass transition, the diffusion-controlled crystal growth mechanism accounted for the growth kinetics, while at lower undercooling the profile around umax remarkably differed from what the classical grow

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9

Kakimoto, Koichi, and Kyung-Woo Yi. "Use of magnetic fields in crystal growth from semiconductor melts." Physica B: Condensed Matter 216, no. 3-4 (1996): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(95)00529-3.

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10

Donaldson, C. H. "Convective fractionation during magnetite and hematite dissolution in silicate melts." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 388 (1993): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.388.09.

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AbstractSingle crystals of magnetite and of hematite have been dissolved at atmospheric pressure in superheated melts in the systems CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2, and in a basalt. The crystals were suspended in alumina crucibles containing ca 3.5 cm 3 of melt. Quenched run products were examined optically and by electron probe analysis to establish the distribution of Fe in the glassy charges. There is usually a concentration of Fe at the base of a run product, consistent with flow of dissolved matter from the crystal to the floor. One or more columns of brown, Fe-rich glass may exten

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11

Rudolph, P., T. Boeck, and P. Schmidt. "Thermodiffusion and Morphological Stability in Convectionless Crystal Growth Systems from Melts and Melt-Solutions." Crystal Research and Technology 31, no. 2 (1996): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170310218.

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12

Borzdov, Yuri M., Alexander F. Khokhryakov, Igor N. Kupriyanov, Denis V. Nechaev, and Yuri N. Palyanov. "Crystallization of Diamond from Melts of Europium Salts." Crystals 10, no. 5 (2020): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050376.

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Diamond crystallization in melts of europium salts (Eu2(C2O4)3·10H2O, Eu2(CO3)3·3H2O, EuCl3, EuF3, EuF2) at 7.8 GPa and in a temperature range of 1800–2000 °C was studied for the first time. Diamond growth on seed crystals was realized at a temperature of 2000 °C. Spontaneous diamond nucleation at these parameters was observed only in an Eu oxalate melt. The maximum growth rate in the europium oxalate melt was 22.5 μm/h on the {100} faces and 12.5 μm/h on the {111} faces. The diamond formation intensity in the tested systems was found to decrease in the following sequence: Eu2(C2O4)3·10H2O &gt

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13

Nevřiva, Miloš. "Crystal growth of Y3MnxFe5−xO12 garnets from PbO/B2O3 based melts." Journal of Crystal Growth 83, no. 4 (1987): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(87)90249-1.

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14

Louchev, O. A., S. Kumaragurubaran, S. Takekawa, and K. Kitamura. "Thermally induced effects during initial stage of crystal growth from melts." Journal of Crystal Growth 273, no. 1-2 (2004): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.08.023.

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15

Wang, Wenli, Weidong Huang, Yanghua Ma, and Jianlin Zhao. "Erratum to: “Oriented growth of benzophenone crystals from undercooled melts” [J. Crystal Growth 270(2004)469–474]." Journal of Crystal Growth 277, no. 1-4 (2005): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.01.079.

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16

Boutarek, N., Didier Chaussende, and Roland Madar. "High SiC Growth Rate Obtained by Vapour-Liquid-Solid Mechanism." Materials Science Forum 556-557 (September 2007): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.105.

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The growth of 3C-SiC polycrystal and 6H-SiC homoepitaxial layers from Metal-Si alloys is carried out as function of temperature and propane partial pressure. Based on the vapourliquid- solid mechanism, we present a new configuration for the growth of SiC which could allow first to simplify the liquid handling at high temperature and second to precisely control the crystal growth front. 3C-SiC crystals exhibiting well-faceted morphology are obtained at 1100-1200°C with outstanding deposition rates, varying from 1 to 1.5 mm/h in Ti-Si melt. At 1200-1300°C, thick homoepitaxial 6H-SiC layers were

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17

Herlach, Dieter. "Containerless Processing in the Study of Metastable Solids from Undercooled Melts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 526 (February 2014): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.526.21.

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An undercooled melt possesses an enhanced free enthalpy that enables to crystallize metastable solids in competition with their stable counterparts. Crystal nucleation selects the crystallographic phase whereas the growth dynamics controls microstructure evolution. We apply containerless processing such as electromagnetic and electrostatic levitation to containerlesss undercool and solidify metallic melts. Heterogeneous nucleation on container-walls is completely avoided leading to large undercooling with the extra benefit that the freely suspended drop is direct accessible for in situ observa

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18

Mercier, Frédéric, and Shin-ichi Nishizawa. "Numerical Investigation of the Growth Rate Enhancement of SiC Crystal Growth from Silicon Melts." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 50, no. 3R (2011): 035603. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.50.035603.

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19

Mercier, Frédéric, and Shin-ichi Nishizawa. "Numerical Investigation of the Growth Rate Enhancement of SiC Crystal Growth from Silicon Melts." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 50 (March 22, 2011): 035603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.50.035603.

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20

Hibiya, Taketoshi, Shoko Imoto, Tetsuro Satoh, Yukinobu Nakabayashi, and Mitsuaki Sakonjyu. "Single crystal growth of Pb2YBa2Cu3O8 and YBa2Cu3O7-x from PbO-B2O3 melts." Journal of Crystal Growth 102, no. 4 (1990): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(90)90853-d.

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21

Fowler, Anthony D., and Daniel E. Roach. "A Model and Simulation of Branching Mineral Growth from Cooling Contacts and Glasses." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 401 (1996): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.401.05.

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AbstractSilicate minerals grown from glasses, and rapidly cooled melts, often have non-compact branching or ‘spherulitic’ morphology. The branching patterns are observed in volcanic rocks, glasses, meteorites, slags and sometimes in shallow level intrusive rocks. Experiments, observations, theory and simulations all support the concept that the crystal morphology is the result of growth under diffusion limited conditions. We show that in a silicate melt under appropriate conditions the equations for heat transfer and chemical-diffusion reduce to the Laplace equation. This means that the temper

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22

Lambropoulos, John C., and Chien-Hsing Wu. "Mechanics of shaped crystal growth from the melt." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 9 (1996): 2163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0276.

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We present the numerical formulation of the thermal stress driven steady-state dislocation generation during the growth of shaped crystals from the melt, with Czochralski (CZ) growth of solid cylinder III–V compound semiconductors as an example. We use and compare the Haasen–Alexander model, coupling dislocation multiplication and creep strain rates, and the Jordan model, based on thermoelastic stresses. Growth parameters may be chosen so as to produce an overall approximately flat interface, leading to reduced dislocation density in the majority of the crystal's cross section. Calculation of

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23

Wang, Wenli, Weidong Huang, Yanghua Ma, and Jianlin Zhao. "Oriented growth of benzophenone crystals from undercooled melts." Journal of Crystal Growth 270, no. 3-4 (2004): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.06.054.

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24

Alexandrov, Dmitri V., and Peter K. Galenko. "A review on the theory of stable dendritic growth." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2205 (2021): 20200325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0325.

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This review article summarizes the main outcomes following from recently developed theories of stable dendritic growth in undercooled one-component and binary melts. The nonlinear heat and mass transfer mechanisms that control the crystal growth process are connected with hydrodynamic flows (forced and natural convection), as well as with the non-local diffusion transport of dissolved impurities in the undercooled liquid phase. The main conclusions following from stability analysis, solvability and selection theories are presented. The sharp interface model and stability criteria for various c

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25

Dudorov, M. V., and V. E. Roshchin. "Simulation of crystal growth in multicomponent metastable alloys." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 12 (2020): 943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-12-943-949.

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A method for predicting the regularities of crystal growth from metastable melts has been developed. The process of crystal growth from a multicomponent melt is described by the methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, taking into account the mutual influence of thermal and diffusion processes. The application of a new variational approach to the constructed system of equations made it possible to obtain expressions of the crystal growth rate from a multicomponent melt convenient for practical calculations. The obtained technique allowed us to analyze the features of crystal growth at high ra

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26

Quang, Nguyen V., I. Shih, and C. H. Champness. "Czochralski growth of Te–rich SexTe1−x crystals." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 6 (1985): 762–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-122.

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Single crystals of tellurium-rich SexTe1−x alloys have been grown by the Czochralski method for x < 0.16. A double-crucible was used to contain the melt, which eliminated scum on the liquid surface, enabling crystals to be grown with higher selenium concentrations than previously obtained. The inner graphite vessel of the crucible not only drew scum-free liquid from the quartz outer container, but also acted as a susceptor for the radio-frequency (r.f.) heating, producing more stable convection in the melt. With this method, single crystals of good quality, as indicated by Laue patterns, we

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27

Nikishina, Margarita A., and Dmitri V. Alexandrov. "Nucleation and growth dynamics of ellipsoidal crystals in metastable liquids." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2205 (2021): 20200306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0306.

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When describing the growth of crystal ensembles from metastable solutions or melts, a significant deviation from a spherical shape is often observed. Experimental data show that the shape of growing crystals can often be considered ellipsoidal. The new theoretical models describing the transient nucleation of ellipsoidal particles and their growth with and without fluctuating rates at the intermediate stage of bulk phase transitions in metastable systems are considered. The nonlinear transport (diffusivity) of ellipsoidal crystals in the space of their volumes is taken into account in the Fokk

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28

Vinogradov-Zhabrov, O. N., L. M. Minchenko, N. O. Esina, and A. A. Pankratov. "Electrodeposition of rhenium from chloride melts: Electrochemical nature, structure and applied aspects." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 39, no. 1-2 (2003): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0302149v.

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Processes involved in the electrodeposition of rhenium from chloride melts have been studied over the temperature interval from 680 to 970 0C at a cathodic current density of 5 to 250 mA/cm2. It has been found that rhenium is deposited in the form of continuous layers. In addition to that the growth of deposits as separate single-crystal needles has also been noticed. Continuous layers had axial growth textures. The crystallographic direction of the textures is due to electrolysis conditions, such as concentration of oxygen-containing impurities, temperature, melt composition and cathodic curr

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29

HASEGAWA, Ryosuke. "Growth techniques of single crystal bulk of high melting compounds from the melts." Shigen-to-Sozai 105, no. 2 (1989): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.105.131.

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30

Sun, Gang, Jenny Xu, and Peter Harrowell. "The mechanism of the ultrafast crystal growth of pure metals from their melts." Nature Materials 17, no. 10 (2018): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0174-6.

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31

Galenko, P. K., K. Reuther, O. V. Kazak, D. V. Alexandrov, and M. Rettenmayr. "Effect of convective transport on dendritic crystal growth from pure and alloy melts." Applied Physics Letters 111, no. 3 (2017): 031602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4985340.

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32

Guguschev, Christo, Dirk J. Kok, Zbigniew Galazka, et al. "Influence of oxygen partial pressure on SrTiO3bulk crystal growth from non-stoichiometric melts." CrystEngComm 17, no. 17 (2015): 3224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ce00095e.

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33

Drever, H. I., and R. Johnston. "XIII.—Crystal Growth of Forsteritic Olivine in Magmas and Melts." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 86, no. 2 (1995): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006350.

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SynopsisOne of the writers' main aims has been to help to prepare the way for a new approach to problems in which the natural occurrence of forsteritic olivines is a vital factor. Variation in their shapes and textural relations in minor intrusions, lavas and melts is examined and the historical development of concepts of their growth and resorption, particularly in magmas, is traced. Particular attention is focused on the olivines of picritic, minor intrusions. It is concluded that in the interpretation of olivine shapes there has been discrimination in favour of magmatic resorption rather th

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34

Saito, Yukio. "Physics of Crystal Growth I: Ideal Crystal Growth from the Melt." Materia Japan 49, no. 7 (2010): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.49.327.

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35

Herlach, Dieter M., Daniel Simons, and Pierre-Yves Pichon. "Crystal growth kinetics in undercooled melts of pure Ge, Si and Ge–Si alloys." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2113 (2018): 20170205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0205.

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We report on measurements of crystal growth dynamics in semiconducting pure Ge and pure Si melts and in Ge 100− x Si x ( x = 25, 50, 75) alloy melts as a function of undercooling. Electromagnetic levitation techniques are applied to undercool the samples in a containerless way. The growth velocity is measured by the utilization of a high-speed camera technique over an extended range of undercooling. Solidified samples are examined with respect to their microstructure by scanning electron microscopic investigations. We analyse the experimental results of crystal growth kinetics as a function of

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36

Derby, Jeffrey J. "Theoretical Modeling of Czochralski Crystal Growth." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 10 (1988): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400064162.

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The growth of single crystals with precisely controlled properties is one of the most demanding goals of modern materials processing, and its realization depends on the application of fundamentals from solid-state physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, and transport phenomena. Bulk semiconductor substrates and many high-power solid-state laser host materials are typically produced by solidification from the melt. The quality of the crystals produced this way hinges on process conditions which are predominantly determined by the transport of heat, mass, and momentum in the melt and crystal. Accura

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37

Wenbin, Wu, Li Fanqing, Jia Yunbo, et al. "Growth of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals from Bi-rich melts." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 213, no. 1-2 (1993): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(93)90767-k.

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38

Jin, H., N. L. Wang, Y. Chong, M. Deng, L. Z. Cao, and Z. J. Chen. "Growth of Bi2Sr2Ca1−xCexCu2Oy single crystals from eutectic melts." Journal of Crystal Growth 149, no. 3-4 (1995): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(95)00005-4.

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39

Rudolph, P., and T. Fukuda. "Fiber Crystal Growth From the Melt." Crystal Research and Technology 34, no. 1 (1999): 3–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4079(199901)34:1<3::aid-crat3>3.0.co;2-x.

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40

Lopes Jesus, A. J., Sandra C. C. Nunes, M. Ramos Silva, A. Matos Beja, and J. S. Redinha. "Erythritol: Crystal growth from the melt." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 388, no. 1-2 (2010): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.043.

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41

Dudorov, Maxim V., Alexander D. Drozin, and B. G. Plastinin. "Features of the Use of Equilibrium State Diagrams for Description of Crystal Growth from Metastable Melts." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.622.

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The crystallization of metastable metal alloys is characterized by a high rate of the crystallization front, which leads to the effect of "impurity capture" and deviation from the local equilibrium near the surface of the growing crystal. To calculate the growth rate of the crystalline nuclei, a method was developed for prediction of deviation of the components’ concentration near the crystal surface from the equilibrium values. A crystal nucleus was considered to be growing from the initial multicomponent phase, due to interphase transition of the components through its surface. It became pos

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42

Liu, R. P., W. K. Wang, D. Li, and D. M. Herlach. "Transition from continuous to lateral growth for Ge crystal in undercooled Ge74Ni26 alloy melts." Scripta Materialia 41, no. 8 (1999): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(99)00218-3.

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43

Nevřiva, Miloš. "Crystal growth of Mg- and Ti-substituted hexagonal ferrites from PbO-B2O3 based melts." Crystal Research and Technology 22, no. 10 (1987): 1225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170221002.

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44

Matsuoka, Masakuni, and John Garside. "The significance of mass and heat transfer during crystal growth from solutions and melts." Journal of Crystal Growth 129, no. 3-4 (1993): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(93)90471-8.

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45

Zu, Fang-Qiu, Jie Chen, Xian-Fen Li, Li-Na Mao, and Yong-Chi Liu. "A new viewpoint to the mechanism for the effects of melt overheating on solidification of Pb-Bi alloys." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 7 (2009): 2378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0294.

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The effects of melt overheating treatment on solidification of Pb-Bi alloys were studied from the viewpoint of liquid-liquid structure change (LLSC). Anomalous temperature dependence of internal friction, electrical resistivity, and entropy of liquid Pb-Bi alloys suggested that discontinuous LLSC occurred within about 520–740 °C, based on which the solidification experiments were carried out with different states of Pb-Bi melts. The results revealed that the LLSC affected the solidification behavior and microstructures significantly, that is, the enlarged undercooling, increased nucleation rat

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46

Cröll, Arne, and Martin P. Volz. "Detached Bridgman Growth—A Standard Crystal Growth Method with a New Twist." MRS Bulletin 34, no. 4 (2009): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.74.

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AbstractBridgman or vertical gradient freeze (VGF) crystal growth processes have several advantages compared to other melt growth methods, especially the possibility to achieve a low level of thermal stress and low dislocation densities in the grown crystals. However, crystals grown in contact with a crucible usually suffer from mechanical stress during cooling, reducing the structural quality. The “detached” or “dewetted” Bridgman growth avoids this problem and has recently been investigated in more detail as a promising tool to improve crystal quality. Detached growth, where the crystal is s

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47

Donaldson, Colin H. "The rates of dissolution of olivine, plagioclase, and quartz in a basalt melt." Mineralogical Magazine 49, no. 354 (1985): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.07.

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AbstractThe dissolution rates of spheres of two magnesian olivines, two plagioclases, and quartz in tholeiitic basalt have been determined at three super-liquidus temperatures and one-atmosphere pressure. There are considerable differences in the rates among the minerals, e.g. at 1210°, 12° above the liquidus temperature of the basalt, labradorite dissolves at 86µm/h. and the magnesian olivines at 9 and 14µm/h. The rates are not time dependent and this, coupled with the existence of concentration gradients in the composition of quenched melt adjacent to partially dissolved crystals, indicates

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48

Wollweber, Jürgen, V. Chévrier, D. Siche, and Th Duffar. "Growth of 3C SiC Single Crystals from Convection Dominated Melts." Materials Science Forum 338-342 (May 2000): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.338-342.119.

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Sun, Xuefeng, Xia Zhao, Wenbin Wu, Xiaojuan Fan, and Xiao-Guang Li. "Growth of Bi2Sr2Ca1−xPrxCu2Oy single crystals from Bi-rich melts." Physica C: Superconductivity 305, no. 3-4 (1998): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(98)00336-0.

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Leonyuk, N. I. "Growth of new optical crystals from boron-containing fluxed melts." Crystallography Reports 53, no. 3 (2008): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106377450803022x.

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