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Journal articles on the topic 'Crystal growth techniques'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Babu, B., J. Chandrasekaran, and S. Balaprabhakaran. "Growth and characterization of hexamethylenetetramine crystals grown from solution." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 2 (2014): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-013-0176-7.

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AbstractOrganic nonlinear optical single crystals of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT; 10 × 10 × 5 mm3) were prepared by crystallization from methanol solution. The grown crystals were subjected to various characterization techniques such as single crystal XRD, powder XRD, UV-Vis and electrical studies. Single crystal XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the grown crystals. Their crystalline nature was also confirmed by powder XRD technique. The optical transmittance property was identified from UV-Vis spectrum. Dielectric measurements were performed as a function of frequency at dif

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2

Nagao, Masanori. "Crystal Growth Techniques for Layered Superconductors." Condensed Matter 2, no. 4 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat2040032.

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S. Revathi. "Study growth and characterization of chloride doped potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate crystal." Jamal Academic Research Journal : An Interdisciplinary 1, no. 1 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46947/jarj1120204.

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Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal has been doped with chloride to alter its physical and chemical properties.The pure and chloride mixtured KDP was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The X-raydiffractometry (XRD) analys is shows that the crystalline perfection these optimum conditions is extremely good without having any internal structural grain boundaries and mosaic nature. The lattice parameters have been determined for pure KDP and chloride mixtured KDP from the single crystal XRD. The crystals grown by these optimum conditions show positive effects in the vari

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Lagally, M. G. "STM studies of crystal growth." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100086179.

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It has been recognized since the earliest days of crystal growth that kinetic processes of all Kinds control the nature of the growth. As the technology of crystal growth has become ever more refined, with the advent of such atomistic processes as molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, sputter deposition, and plasma enhanced techniques for the creation of “crystals” as little as one or a few atomic layers thick, multilayer structures, and novel materials combinations, the need to understand the mechanisms controlling the growth process is becoming more critical. Unfortunately, avai

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Schmehr, Julian L., and Stephen D. Wilson. "Active Crystal Growth Techniques for Quantum Materials." Annual Review of Materials Research 47, no. 1 (2017): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070616-124006.

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6

Moreno, Abel, Emmanuel Saridakis, and Naomi E. Chayen. "Combination of oils and gels for enhancing the growth of protein crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 35, no. 1 (2002): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801014479.

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This note focuses on two different ways of enhancing the use of gels in protein crystallization by applying oils to the trials. Using a five-channel motorized syringe setup, crystals were grown in gelled microbatch drops under oil and compared with those grown under similar conditions in standard microbatch drops. The advantage of this technique over existing gel techniques is that numerous trials can be dispensed automatically, while consuming very small quantities of protein. The application of oil to improve the gel acupuncture technique was also investigated; crystal growth in the presence

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Ng, Joseph D., James K. Baird, Leighton Coates, Juan M. Garcia-Ruiz, Teresa A. Hodge, and Sijay Huang. "Large-volume protein crystal growth for neutron macromolecular crystallography." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 71, no. 4 (2015): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x15005348.

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Neutron macromolecular crystallography (NMC) is the prevailing method for the accurate determination of the positions of H atoms in macromolecules. As neutron sources are becoming more available to general users, finding means to optimize the growth of protein crystals to sizes suitable for NMC is extremely important. Historically, much has been learned about growing crystals for X-ray diffraction. However, owing to new-generation synchrotron X-ray facilities and sensitive detectors, protein crystal sizes as small as in the nano-range have become adequate for structure determination, lessening

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Wang, Haoyu, Jianhui Xiong, Man Li, Jufeng Geng, Shangke Pan, and Jianguo Pan. "Crystal Growth, Luminescence and Scintillation Characterizations of Cs2KLaCl6:Ce and Cs2KCeCl6." Crystals 11, no. 6 (2021): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060653.

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Elpasolite halides scintillation crystals have been proven to be very important materials for X-ray and γ-ray detector applications. The crystals of Cs2KLaCl6:4% Ce (CKLC) and Cs2KCeCl6 (CKCC) belong to novel scintillation of the Chloro-elpasolite crystal family. In this paper, the crystal growth of CKLC and CKCC crystals using the vertical Bridgman techniques were reported. The PXRD patterns showing both crystals have a cubic crystal structure. Both crystals have similar photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, the fluorescence decay time of CKLC and CKCC crystals were about 49.7 an

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Kim, Tae Hyeon, Hee Tae Lee, Young-Min Kang, Gun-Eik Jang, In Hoi Kwon, and Byungjin Cho. "In-depth Investigation of Hg2Br2 Crystal Growth and Evolution." Materials 12, no. 24 (2019): 4224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244224.

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Physical vapor transport (PVT) has frequently been adopted for the synthesis of mercurous bromide (Hg2Br2) single crystals for acousto-optic modulators. However, thus far, very few in-depth studies have been conducted that elucidate the growth process of the Hg2Br2 single crystal. This paper reports an in-depth investigation regarding the crystal growth and evolution behavior of the Hg2Br2 crystal with facet growth mode. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the temperature profile conditions concerning the seed generation and seed growth could be optimized. Next, the PVT-grown Hg2

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Hasegawa, Masashi, Humihiko Takei, Koichi Izawa, and Yuji Matsuda. "Crystal growth techniques for Tl-based cuprate superconductors." Journal of Crystal Growth 229, no. 1-4 (2001): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(01)01189-7.

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11

Piano, E., G. A. Dall’Aglio, S. Crivello, R. Chittofrati, and F. Puppo. "New optical techniques for crystal growth from fluids." Materials Chemistry and Physics 66, no. 2-3 (2000): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-0584(00)00336-9.

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12

Frieling, T., J. Kowalewski, and W. Assmus. "Crucible free techniques in YBa2Cu3O7−x — Crystal growth." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 195 (May 1993): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(93)90674-c.

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13

Bárczy, Pál, János Szőke, Ching Hua Su, et al. "Single Crystal Growth – New Techniques on Old Base." Materials Science Forum 508 (March 2006): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.479.

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The progress in advanced single crystal growth demands versatile, advanced equipment. Multizone furnaces are able to fulfill unusual technological requirements providing versatile and reliable all-in-one tools for laboratories on the ground or in space. The concept of the Universal Multizone Crystallizator (UMC), its hardware and software components along with several application examples are demonstrated.

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14

Voronkov, Vladimir V., and Robert Falster. "Intrinsic Point Defects in Silicon Crystal Growth." Solid State Phenomena 178-179 (August 2011): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.178-179.3.

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In dislocation-free silicon, intrinsic point defects – either vacancies or self-interstitials, depending on the growth conditions - are incorporated into a growing crystal. Their incorporated concentration is relatively low (normally, less than 1014 cm-3 - much lower than the concentration of impurities). In spite of this, they play a crucial role in the control of the structural properties of silicon materials. Modern silicon crystals are grown mostly in the vacancy mode and contain many vacancy-based agglomerates. At typical grown-in vacancy concentrations the dominant agglomerates are voids

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Quattrosoldi, Silvia, René Androsch, Andreas Janke, Michelina Soccio, and Nadia Lotti. "Enthalpy Relaxation, Crystal Nucleation and Crystal Growth of Biobased Poly(butylene Isophthalate)." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010235.

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The crystallization behavior of fully biobased poly(butylene isophthalate) (PBI) has been investigated using calorimetric and microscopic techniques. PBI is an extremely slow crystallizing polymer that leads, after melt-crystallization, to the formation of lamellar crystals and rather large spherulites, due to the low nuclei density. Based upon quantitative analysis of the crystal-nucleation behavior at low temperatures near the glass transition, using Tammann’s two-stage nuclei development method, a nucleation pathway for an acceleration of the crystallization process and for tailoring the se

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Byrappa, K., and Amita Jain. "Hydrothermal growth and characterization of NaLa(WO4)2 crystals." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 11 (1996): 2869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0362.

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The growth of NaLa(WO4)2 crystals has been carried out by the hydrothermal method at fairly low P-T conditions. The crystal morphology has been studied with respect to the growth parameters. The crystals obtained were characterized by various techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.

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17

Parrinello, Michele. "Atomistic Modeling of Crystal Nucleation and Growth." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099604.

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Understanding crystal growth from solution is crucial to control the development of crystal morphologies. Since the interaction of crystals with their environment occurs through their surface, their shape controls a wide variety of properties. This is particularly important not only in nanotechnology, where shape-function relations play a key role, but also in medicine where, e.g., changing the morphology of particles allows for a better targeting of cancer cells. In this work we combine experiments, molecular simulations and theory to examine the morphology of urea crystals grown in different

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18

Kannan, Rajesh, G. Narayanasamy, S. Subramanian, and P. Selvarajan. "Spectroscopic, thermal, second order and third order NLO studies of N, N’ -dimethyl urea crystal." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 1, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v1i1.124.

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Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are classified into organic, inorganic and semi organic crystals and these crystals are used in the fields of optical communication, optical computing, frequency doubling, optical data processing and opto electronics. In this work an organic NLO crystal namely DMU crystal was prepared. Slow evaporation technique was adopted to grow the single crystals of DMU after the growth period of 35 days. The harvested crystals have been subjected to various characterization techniques like XRD, FTIR, FT-Raman, TG/DTA, SHG, EDAX, impedance, optical and Z-scan studies. From

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Kannan, Rajesh, G. Narayanasamy, S. Subramanian, and P. Selvarajan. "Spectroscopic, thermal, second order and third order NLO studies of N, N’ -dimethyl urea crystal." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 3, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i1.124.

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Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are classified into organic, inorganic and semi organic crystals and these crystals are used in the fields of optical communication, optical computing, frequency doubling, optical data processing and opto electronics. In this work an organic NLO crystal namely DMU crystal was prepared. Slow evaporation technique was adopted to grow the single crystals of DMU after the growth period of 35 days. The harvested crystals have been subjected to various characterization techniques like XRD, FTIR, FT-Raman, TG/DTA, SHG, EDAX, impedance, optical and Z-scan studies. From

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20

Ossipyan, Y. A., and V. A. Tatarchenko. "Crystal growth from the melt by capillary shaping techniques." Advances in Space Research 8, no. 12 (1988): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(88)90003-8.

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21

Alexandar, A., P. Surendran, S. Sakthy Priya, A. Lakshmanan, and P. Rameshkumar. "Growth and characterizations of L-methioninium picrate single crystal for nonlinear optical applications." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 25, no. 04 (2016): 1650052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863516500521.

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An organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal of L-methioninium picrate (LMP) has been grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) at a constant temperature of [Formula: see text]C. Formation of nucleation and growth kinetics of the crystal were observed using an optical microscope for different durations and it was found that the shape of nucleation is similar to the grown large size single crystals of the same material. The characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, UV–Vis NIR, Vickers microhardness, piezoelectric d[Formula: see text] coefficien

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22

MUTTER, LUKAS, PHILIPP DITTRICH, MOJCA JAZBINŠEK, and PETER GÜNTER. "GROWTH AND PLANAR STRUCTURING OF DAST CRYSTALS FOR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 13, no. 03n04 (2004): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863504002262.

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The organic salt 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) is a nonlinear optical crystal with superior properties for integrated electro-optical applications and THz-devices. High quality DAST single crystals have been grown by the solution growth method. The electro-optical properties were determined in the spectral range between 700 and 1535 nm (r111=47±8 pm / V at λ=1535 nm ). Several planar structuring techniques for integrated optics applications based on DAST have been investigated. The production of single crystal thin films with minimal thicknesses of 10 μm is pre

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Кошлич, Yuriy Koshlich, Белоусов, Aleksandr Belousov, Гребеник, and Artem Grebenik. "AN APPROACH TO PROCESS AUTOMATION OF SAPPHIRE SINGLE CRYSTALS SEEDING BY THE KYROPOULOS GROWTH TECHNIQUE." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 2, no. 3 (2017): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24885.

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Nowadays sapphire production sphere is constantly increasing, which requires manufacturers of single crystal to further reduce production costs through the optimization of production costs, including improving the technological growth. The paper describes the main features of the technology of modern sapphire single crystals growing techniques and main directions of its modernization. It is highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of each techniques. The most interesting from an economic point of view, the method Kiropoulosus provides the possibility of growing crystals of the largest size

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Lakshmi, Ravikumar, and P. Prabukanthan. "Crystal growth, Dielectric and Thermal Studies on N-Methyl-4-Nitroaniline: Isophthalic Acid Molecular Adduct Crystals." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 9 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.9.454.

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Organic compound N-methyl-4-nitroaniline isophthalic acid (NMNAIPA) needle shaped single crystals with a dimension of 4x1x1 cm3 were grown by slow evaporation technique in methanol as solvent at ambient temperature. The grown single crystals have been analyzed through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), carbon NMR (13CNMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectra and UV-Vis spectra. Based on powder XRD patterns, the as-grown NMNAIPA single crystal was a good crystalline in nature. The various planes of reflection have been identified from the po

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Kim, Jung Gon, Joon Ho An, Jung Doo Seo, et al. "Hydrogen Effect on SiC Single Crystal Prepared by the Physical Vapor Transport Method." Materials Science Forum 556-557 (September 2007): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.25.

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We investigated the effects of hydrogen addition to the growth process of SiC single crystal using sublimation physical vapor transport (PVT) techniques. Hydrogen was periodically added to an inert gas for the growth ambient during the SiC bulk growth. Grown 2”-SiC single crystals were proven to be the polytype of 6H-SiC and carrier concentration levels of about 1017/cm3 was determined from Hall measurements. As compared to the characteristics of SiC crystal grown without using hydrogen addition, the SiC crystal grown with periodically modulated hydrogen addition definitely exhibited lower car

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Capelle, B., Y. Epelboin, J. Härtwig, A. B. Moraleda, F. Otálora, and V. Stojanoff. "Characterization of dislocations in protein crystals by means of synchrotron double-crystal topography." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 1 (2004): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803024415.

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Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) crystals have been studied by means of double-crystal synchrotron topography. The crystals reveal a number of features that are quite well known in hydrothermally grown inorganic crystals: dislocations, growth bands and growth sector boundaries. Dislocations in the 〈110〉 sectors have been characterized as edge dislocations with Burgers vector parallel to thecaxis. They are distinguishable only under weak beam conditions. The presence of edge dislocations shown in this paper is consistent with the spiral growth steps previously reported. This spiral growth on prote

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Su, Ching Hua, Sandor L. Lehoczky, Chao Li, et al. "Crystal Growth of CdTe by Gradient Freeze in Universal Multizone Crystallizator (UMC)." Materials Science Forum 508 (March 2006): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.117.

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In this study, crystals of CdTe were grown from melts, which have undergone different thermal history, by the unseeded gradient freeze method using the Universal Multizone Crystallizator (UMC). The effects of melt conditions on the quality of grown crystal were studied by various characterization techniques, including Synchrotron White Beam X-ray Topography (SWBXT), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrical conductivity and Hall measurements.

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Liao, Jun, and David C. Martin. "Crystal growth and textured microstructures of 1,6-di(N-carbazolyl)-2,4 hexadiyne diacetylene." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 11 (1996): 2921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0370.

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We are developing techniques to isolate and characterize grain boundary defects with controlled geometries in 1,6-di(N-carbazolyl)-2,4 hexadiyne (DCHD) diacetylene polymer bicrystals. To be successful in this endeavor, it is important to determine the influence of processing variables such as evaporation rate, solution concentration, and environment on DCHD diacetylene crystal morphology. We have found that large, high quality DCHD diacetylene single crystals can be grown from solution under a controlled atmosphere. The quality of the DCHD crystals can be evaluated by optical microscopy and qu

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Gomez Morales, J., R. Rodriguez, J. Durand, et al. "Characterization and identification of berlinite crystals by acoustic microscopy." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 11 (1991): 2484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2484.

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Berlinite crystals grown in H3PO4, HCl, H3PO4/HCl, H2SO4/HCl, or H3PO4/HCl/H2SO4 solvents are characterized by acoustic microscopy techniques. Surface and subsurface defects can be visualized via acoustical images, whereas elastic parameters of the crystal can be measured on a microscopic scale. They prove to be of great importance in the identification of not only crystal orientations but of preparation methods as well. We show, for example, that a growth in sulfuric and phosphoric mediums improves mechanical behavior of berlinite crystals. Moreover, it seems that anisotropy plays a fundament

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Liu, Chun Jun, T. H. Peng, B. Wang, et al. "Progress in Single Crystal Growth of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor SiC." Materials Science Forum 954 (May 2019): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.954.35.

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The research and commercialization of SiC based power device have been burgeoning over the last decade worldwide, which is bringing about an increasing demand on lost-cost and low-defect SiC wafers. To meet this challenge, we have been continuously making efforts on improving the crystal growth and wafer processing techniques. Now, the mass-production of high quality 4-inch, 6-inch n-type and semi-insulating SiC wafers has been realized. Statistically, the micropipe density is lower than 0.5 cm-2. The resistivity of the wafers is lower than 0.02 Ω·cm and up to 108 Ω·cm for n-type and semi-insu

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Suryawanshi, V. B., and R. T. Chaudhari. "Growth and Characterization of Agar Gel Grown Brushite Crystals." Indian Journal of Materials Science 2014 (January 8, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/189839.

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Brushite [CaHPO4·2H2O] or calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD) also known as urinary crystal is a stable form of calcium phosphate. The brushite crystals were grown by single and double diffusion techniques in agar-agar gel at room temperature. Effects of different growth parameters were discussed in single diffusion and double diffusion techniques. Good quality star, needle, platy, rectangular, and prismatic shaped crystals in single diffusion and nuclei with dendritic growth were obtained in double diffusion. These grown nuclei were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),

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FRIELING, T., J. KOWALEWSKI, and W. ASSMUS. "ChemInform Abstract: Crucible-Free Techniques in YBa2Cu3O7-x Crystal Growth." ChemInform 24, no. 31 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199331007.

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Datta, Amlan, Piotr Becla, Christo Guguschev, and Shariar Motakef. "Advanced crystal growth techniques for thallium bromide semiconductor radiation detectors." Journal of Crystal Growth 483 (February 2018): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.12.008.

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Choi, Jung Woo, Chang Hyun Son, Jong Mun Choi, et al. "Initial Stage Modification for 6H-SiC Single Crystal Grown by the Physical Vapor Transport (PVT) Method." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.7.

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Two SiC single crystal ingots were prepared using sublimation PVT techniques through the different process procedure and then their crystal quality was systematically compared, because the present research was focused to improve the quality of SiC crystal by modifying the initial stage of the PVT growth. Before the main growth step for growing SiC bulk crystal, initial stage period where growth rate was kept to relatively low rate of <10μm/h was introduced to conventional process procedure. N-type 2”-SiC single crystals exhibiting the polytype of 6H-SiC was successfully fabricated. As compa

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Kwon, Ojun, Kyoungah Kim, Shi-Gwan Woo, Gun-Eik Jang, and Byungjin Cho. "Comparative Analysis of Hg2Br2 and Hg2BrxCl2-x Crystals Grown via PVT." Crystals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121096.

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In this study, we comparatively analyzed the physical properties of Hg2Br2 and Hg2BrxCl2−x crystals synthesized via physical vapor transport (PVT). Prior to crystal growth, the elemental mapping images obtained through scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy clearly showed the presence of Cl atoms (2.62%) in Hg2BrxCl2−x powder; however, Cl atoms were not detected in Hg2Br2 powder. After crystal growth by PVT, each single crystal was characterized using various analysis techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. It was ob

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Brunt, Daniel, Monica Ciomaga Hatnean, Oleg A. Petrenko, Martin R. Lees, and Geetha Balakrishnan. "Single-Crystal Growth of Metallic Rare-Earth Tetraborides by the Floating-Zone Technique." Crystals 9, no. 4 (2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9040211.

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The rare-earth tetraborides are exceptional in that the rare-earth ions are topologically equivalent to the frustrated Shastry-Sutherland lattice. In this paper, we report the growth of large single crystals of RB 4 (where R = Nd, Gd → Tm, and Y) by the floating-zone method, using a high-power xenon arc-lamp furnace. The crystal boules have been characterized and tested for their quality using X-ray diffraction techniques and temperature- and field-dependent magnetization and AC resistivity measurements.

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Choudhury, Tanushree H., Xiaotian Zhang, Zakaria Y. Al Balushi, Mikhail Chubarov, and Joan M. Redwing. "Epitaxial Growth of Two-Dimensional Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides." Annual Review of Materials Research 50, no. 1 (2020): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-090519-113456.

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Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers and heterostructures have emerged as a compelling class of materials with transformative properties that may be harnessed for novel device technologies. These materials are commonly fabricated by exfoliation of flakes from bulk crystals, but wafer-scale epitaxy of single-crystal films is required to advance the field. This article reviews the fundamental aspects of epitaxial growth of van der Waals–bonded crystals specific to TMD films. The structural and electronic properties of TMD crystals are initially described along with sources and method

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Chu, Shaoyan, and Michael E. McHenry. "Growth and characterization of (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oxsingle crystals." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 3 (1998): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0075.

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(Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223) single crystals have been grown using a fused-salt reaction of Bi2O3, PbO, SrCl2, CaCl2, CuCl, and KNO3 in a KCl flux. The pristine crystals show regular plate-like morphology with typical dimension of 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.001–0.01 mm3. Crystal orientation, chemical composition, phase purity, and superconductivity of the pristine crystals were determined by SEM, TEM, EDX, x-ray diffraction techniques, and SQUID magnetometry. The relative fraction of the Bi-2223 phase (Tc = 110 K) in as-grown crystals is ~97%. The only impurity phase, Bi-2212, occurs in some selected crysta

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Jagadeesh, M. R., H. M. Suresh Kumar, and R. Ananda Kumari. "Crystal growth and characterization of a semi-organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material: L-phenylalanine cadmium chloride." Canadian Journal of Physics 93, no. 11 (2015): 1296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0571.

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L-phenylalanine cadmium chloride (LPCC) single crystals were grown from aqueous solution using the slow evaporation solution technique. The grown crystals were analyzed through various characterization techniques. Structural study reveals that LPCC belongs to a monoclinic crystal system with the space group P1. The presences of various functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Optical absorption study was carried out and complete transparency in the visible region was observed with a lower cutoff wavelength of 261 nm. The surface morphology was analyzed through

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Jerusha, Eunice, and S. Shahil Kirupavathy. "Effect of L-asparagine as dopant on the growth and characteristics of ammonium tetroxalate dihydrate single crystal." Materials Science-Poland 38, no. 1 (2020): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2019-0090.

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AbstractSingle crystals of L-asparagine doped ammonium tetroxalate dihydrate were grown using slow evaporation solution growth technique with deionized water as a solvent. The shift and intensity of the peaks in the single crystal X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses confirmed the inclusion of L-asparagine in the ammonium tetroxalate dihydrate crystal structure. The optical transmission characteristics viz. optical band gap, optical conductivity, etc., were determined. Thermal studies revealed the occurrence of anomalies at 135.3 °C and 221.7 °C leading to the possibility

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Kotru, P. N., S. K. Kachroon, A. K. Razdan, and B. M. Wanklyn. "Micromorphological Studies on Flux Grown RFeO3 (R = Dy, Ho) Crystals Using SEM and EDAX Techniques." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (1990): 542–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136313.

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Results are presented of microtopographical studies on rare-earth orthoferrite RFeO3 (R = Dy, Ho) crystals by scanning electron microscopic and energy-dispersive x-ray analytical (EDAX) techniques. The flux growth yields crystals with habit faces. These crystals are therefore suitable for surface structural studies.The crystals of RFe03 (R = Dy, Ho) are grown from starting compositions of R203, Fe203 (solute), Pb0, PbF2 (solvent), and B203 (additive) in a platinum crucible; the growth procedure has been reported previously. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate platinum deposits on an HoFe03 surface. The

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Mokhov, E. N., A. A. Wolfson, H. Helava, and Yu Makarov. "Sublimation Growth of AlN and GaN Bulk Crystals on SiC Seeds." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.81.

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Growth techniques of high quality AlN and GaN bulk crystals on SiC seeds by sublimation sandwich method are presented. GaN crystals were grown in the temperature range of 1100-1250 °C and with addition of ammonia (NH3) to prevent GaN decomposition. GaN powder or metallic Ga was used as the source. AlN crystals up to 2 inch diameter have been grown on SiC seeds in the temperature range of 1950 -2050 0С. Kinetic mechanisms and transport features in the sandwich cell are discussed. The achieved high crystal quality has allowed producing semiconductor devices on their basis, in particular, ultravi

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Bryan, R. F. "Handbook of crystal growth. Vol. 2:Bulk crystal growth. a: Basic techniques; b: Growth mechanisms and dynamicsedited by D. T. J. Hurle." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 53, no. 4 (1997): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444997099186.

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Rudolph, P. "Handbook of crystal growth. Vol. 2: Bulk crystal growth. a: Basic techniques; b: Growth mechanisms and dynamicsedited by D. T. J. Hurle." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 53, no. 3 (1997): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876739709990x.

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Bryan, R. F. "Handbook of crystal growth. Vol. 2: Bulk crystal growth. a: Basic techniques; b: Growth mechanisms and dynamicsedited by D. T. J. Hurle." Journal of Applied Crystallography 30, no. 3 (1997): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889897099007.

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Alexandar, A., P. Surendran, S. Sakthy Priya, A. Lakshmanan, and P. Rameshkumar. "Studies on growth and characterization of nonlinear optical L-tartaric acid–nicotinamide single crystal." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 25, no. 03 (2016): 1650037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863516500375.

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Organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal of L-tartaric acid–nicotinamide (LTN) has been grown by slow evaporation solution technique at a constant temperature of 40[Formula: see text]C. The grown crystals were subjected to various characterization techniques in order to examine their suitability for various applications. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis revealed that the compound is formed without any impurities. Functional groups and formation of the title compound were confirmed using FTIR analysis. Optical behavior of the material was examined using UV–Vis NIR spectrum analysi

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Soundararajan, Raji, Rabindra Nath Das, Russ Tjossem, et al. "Growth and characterization of single-crystal lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate via high-pressure vertical Bridgman method." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 2 (2004): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.2.609.

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We have grown lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN–PT) single crystals, using the high-pressure vertical Bridgman (HPVB) technique, around the stoichiometric composition of 0.7 PMN–0.3PT [0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 + 0.3(PbTiO3)]. The final ingot (about 50-mm diameter, 25-mm long) was machinable using an inner diameter saw. The room-temperature x-ray diffraction on the starting powders and the final single crystal revealed a desirable perovskite structure. The natural growth direction in most of the crystals, as determined using orientation image microscopy, was (110). Examination of the final m

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Kawano, Katsuyasu, Toshiyuki Yoshida, Ryouhei Nakata, Noboru Yamada, and Minoru Sumita. "Crystal Growth of Bi4Ge3O12and Heat Transfer Analyses of Horizontal Bridgman Techniques." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 32, Part 1, No. 4 (1993): 1736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.32.1736.

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Yang, Xiaocheng, and N. C. Giles. "Hall effect analysis of bulk ZnO comparing different crystal growth techniques." Journal of Applied Physics 105, no. 6 (2009): 063709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3079336.

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Lowum, Sarah, Richard Floyd, and Jon-Paul Maria. "Hydroflux-assisted densification: applying flux crystal growth techniques to cold sintering." Journal of Materials Science 55, no. 27 (2020): 12747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04926-7.

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