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Journal articles on the topic 'Crystalline and amorphous phase'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gonzáles, Sergio, P. Pérez, G. Garcés, and P. Adeva. "Effect of RE Elements and Ni Contents on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Solidified Mg Ribbons." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1662.

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The effect of the concentration of Ni, Y and La-rich mischmetal on the thermal stability, microstructure and mechanical properties of ribbons tested in the temperature range 25-350°C have been evaluated. The low-alloyed materials were crystalline or partially crystalline while high-alloyed materials were amorphous. The amorphous alloys experienced numerous transformations during heating above 170°C. A transition in the amorphous state was observed in all alloys prior to the crystallization stage. The alloy composition determines the sequence of phase transformations during crystallization. In

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2

Mazumdar, Sujata. "A standardless method of quantitative ceramic analysis using X-ray powder diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 32, no. 3 (1999): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889898012898.

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A new procedure using X-ray powder diffraction data for quantitative estimation of the crystalline as well as the amorphous phase in ceramics is described. Classification of the crystalline and amorphous X-ray scattering was achieved by comparison of the slopes at two successive points of the powder pattern at scattering angles at which the crystalline and amorphous phases superimpose. If the second slope exceeds the first by a stipulated value, the intensity is taken as crystalline; otherwise the scattering is considered as amorphous. Crystalline phase analysis is obtained by linear programmi

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3

Rosenfield, H. D., and R. Barton. "Pair-Density Function of Nano-Scale Morphology in Oriented Polymer Fibers: Application to Nomex Aramid." Advances in X-ray Analysis 39 (1995): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800022953.

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We have developed a novel method of determining polymer fiber morphology. Analysis of pair-density functions obtained from synchrotron x-ray diffraction patterns with scattering vectors lying in the meridional direction and equatorial plane allows for the determination of crystallite dimensions, volume fractions of crystalline and amorphous phases, and the probability distribution of crystallite c axis orientation relative to the fiber axis. This method is independent of details regarding the structure of the amorphous phase, and may be successfully applied to both highly crystalline and poorl

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4

Gotoh, Tamihiro. "Effect of annealing on carrier concentration in Ge2Sb2Te5 films." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 7/8 (2014): 681–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0583.

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Carrier concentration of phase change materials is a critical parameter that determines electrical resistivity in amorphous and crystalline states. To obtain insights into carrier concentration of amorphous and face centered cubic (fcc) crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5, the Seebeck coefficients of as-deposited and thermal annealed Ge2Sb2Te5 films were evaluated from thermopower measurements. All the samples show p-type conduction. The Seebeck coefficients of amorphous and fcc crystalline phase were +0.89 and +0.028 mV/K, which correspond to carrier concentrations of ∼1016 and ∼1020 cm−3, respectively. Ca

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5

Uehara, Hiroki, Masaki Kakiage, Hidekazu Tanaka, and Takeshi Yamanobe. "In Situ SAXS Analysis during Uniaxial Drawing of Polyethylene-block-Polystyrene Copolymer Film." Key Engineering Materials 596 (December 2013): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.596.50.

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Structural deformation during uniaxial drawing of polyethylene-block-polystyrene (PE-b-PS) copolymer film was analyzed by in-situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurement. The PE-b-PS film was prepared by solution casting, followed by isothermally crystallizing from melt. The obtained film exhibits the characteristic bicontinuous crystalline/amorphous morphology. Initial stage of uniaxial drawing induces the orientation of such crystalline/amorphous phases, but these phase separation is destroyed in the latter stage. In contrast, solvent swelling treatment successfully induces the orien

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6

Snyders, C. D., E. E. Ferg, and D. Billing. "An investigation into the temperature phase transitions of synthesized materials with Al- and Mg-doped lithium manganese oxide spinels by in situ powder X-ray diffraction." Powder Diffraction 32, no. 1 (2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088571561600066x.

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Three spinel materials were prepared and characterized by in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques to track their phase changes that occurred in the typical batch synthesis process from a sol–gel mixture to the final crystalline spinel oxide. The materials were also characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, whereby the materials decomposition mechanisms that were observed as the precursor, was gradually heated to the final oxide. The results showed that all the materials achieved their total weight loss at about 400 °C. The in situ PXRD analysis showed the progression of the pha

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7

Christan C, Seraph, Mary Lukose, Karthikeyan Vijayan, Riya Alice B. John, and S. P. Vijayachamundeeswari. "Amorphous vs. crystalline Al₂O₃ nanoparticles: a comparative study in photocatalytic dye degradation." Nanomaterials and Energy 13, no. 4 (2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jnaen.23.00106.

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This study focuses on the synthesis of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles and compares their amorphous and crystalline phases, emphasizing their suitability for photocatalytic dye degradation. The as-prepared Al2O3, synthesized using the sol-gel technique is found to have an amorphous nature which is later annealed at 1200°C to obtain its α phase of crystalline nature. Despite the widespread applications of aluminum oxide in various fields, the differences between its amorphous and crystalline phases are not well understood. This work bridges this gap by evaluating the amorphous and crystall

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8

An, Ji-Hun, Changjin Lim, Alice Kiyonga, et al. "Co-Amorphous Screening for the Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Mirabegron and Investigation of Their Intermolecular Interactions and Dissolution Behaviors." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 3 (2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10030149.

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In the present study, the screening of Mirabegron (MBR) co-amorphous was performed to produce water-soluble and thermodynamically stable MBR co-amorphous with the purpose of overcoming the water solubility problem of MBR. MBR is Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drug used for the treatment of an overreactive bladder. The co-amorphous screening was carried out by means of the vacuum evaporation crystallization technique in methanol solvent using three water-soluble carboxylic acids, characterized by a pKa difference greater than 3 with MBR such as fumaric acid (FA), l-pyrogl

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9

Ranganathan, Srinivasa, and C. Suryanarayana. "Amorphous to Crystalline Phase Transformations." Materials Science Forum 3 (January 1985): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.3.173.

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10

Suherman, Phe Man, Arie van Riessen, Brian O’Connor, Deyu Li, Dick Bolton, and Hans Fairhurst. "Determination of amorphous phase levels in Portland cement clinker." Powder Diffraction 17, no. 3 (2002): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1471518.

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The existence of glass or amorphous component in Portland cement clinker has been questioned for a long time. However, besides the crystalline phases, there are reports in the literature of noncrystalline material in cement clinker, which is considered to be the residue of the melt that has failed to crystallize. Absolute phase abundances were determined in this study by Rietveld refinements with laboratory X-ray data, using both internal and external phase composition standards. The results clearly demonstrate the existence of an amorphous component in Portland cement clinker. The presence of

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11

Sundeev, R. V., A. M. Glezer, and A. V. Shalimova. "Phase Transformations «Amorphization ↔ Crystallization» In Metallic Materials Induced by Severe Plastic Deformation." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 54, no. 1 (2018): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-0021.

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Abstract In this review we are considered systematically the phenomenon of deformation-induced phase transformations from crystalline intermetallic compounds and complex phases to amorphous state and vice versa phase transformations from amorphous state to crystalline one upon severe plastic deformation at different temperatures. The nature and structural features of these transitions essentially for high pressure torsion deformation are analyzed in the frame of basic principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. The effects of phase cycling and a stationary amorphous - nanocrystalline state fo

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12

Peterson, Joseph, James TenCate, Thomas Proffen, Timothy Darling, Heinz Nakotte, and Katharine Page. "Quantifying amorphous and crystalline phase content with the atomic pair distribution function." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 2 (2013): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889812050595.

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Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is a long-established technique for studying the local structure of amorphous and disordered crystalline materials. In today's increasingly complex materials landscape, the coexistence of amorphous and crystalline phases within single samples is not uncommon. Though a couple of reports have been published studying samples with amorphous and crystalline phases utilizing PDF analysis, to date little has been done to determine the sensitivity that the method currently has in resolving such contributions. This article reports a series of experiments that h

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13

SIMON, S., R. GRECU, and V. SIMON. "INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE LANTHANUM ALUMINOBORATES." Modern Physics Letters B 16, no. 08 (2002): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984902003749.

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The development of lanthanum aluminoborate crystalline phase of LaAl 2.03 B 4 O 10.5 (124) composition from the amorphous xerogels prepared by sol-gel technique has been characterized by thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Thermal analysis evidenced continuous weight losses up to 800°C as a result of nitrates decomposition, glycerol combustion and dehydroxylation. The crystallization of amorphous xerogels occurs between 760 and 860°C. The IR data indicate that the local structure dramatically modifies as crystalline phases are developed from the amorphous xerogels. The major changes oc

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14

Urban, Petr, Fátima Ternero Fernández, Rosa María Aranda Louvier, Raquel Astacio Lopez, and Francisco G. Cuevas. "Mechanical Crystallization of Amorphous Ti<sub>50</sub>Al<sub>30</sub>Ni<sub>20</sub> Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying." Materials Science Forum 1059 (April 25, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-c543h4.

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Laser diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize the particle size, morphology and structure of mechanically alloyed Ti50Al30Ni20 alloy. Cyclic amorphous-crystalline-amorphous phase transformations were investigated during mechanical alloying, using high-energy ball milling technique. After 20 h of milling, an amorphous/nanocrystalline phase was obtained. This amorphous/nanocrystalline phase tended to transform into crystalline grains after 50 h of mil

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15

S. A.Aziz, M., F. H. M.Fauzi, Z. Mohamad, and R. I. Alip. "The Effect of Channel Length on Phase Transition of Phase Change Memory." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.11 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11.15923.

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The phase transition of germanium antimony tellurium (GST) and the temperature of GST were investigated using COMSOL Multiphysic 5.0 software. Silicon carbide was using as a heater layer in the separate heater structure of PCM. These simulations have a different channel of SiC. The temperature of GST and the phase transition of GST can be obtained from the simulation. From the simulation, the 300 nm channel of SiC can change the GST from amorphous to crystalline state at 0.7V with 100 ns pulse width. The 800 nm channel of SiC can change the GST from amorphous to crystalline state at 1.1V with

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16

Bertoni, Giovanni, E. Beyers, J. Verbeeck, et al. "Quantification of crystalline and amorphous content in porous TiO2 samples from electron energy loss spectroscopy." Ultramicroscopy 106, no. 7 (2006): 630–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.03.006.

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This is an AAM - Author Accepted Manuscript of the article published by Elsevier B. V. in Ultramicroscopy on April 25, 2006, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.03.006 © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. We present an efficient method for the quantification of crystalline versus amorphous phase content in mesoporous materials, making use of electron energy loss spectroscopy. The method is based on fitting a superposition of core-loss edges using the maximum likelihood method with measured reference spectra. We apply the method to mesoporous TiO2 sampl

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17

Kalistratova, L., and A. Kireev. "Ordering and density amorphous phase of carbon-fiber polymer matrix PTFE-composites." Bulletin of Science and Practice 4, no. 1 (2018): 137–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1147146.

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We studied the application of a mathematical model for calculating the X–ray density of a pure amorphous–crystalline polymer, taking into account the degree of ordering, crystallinity and deformation of a crystalline cell in the amorphous phase, to carbon–fiber PTFE–composites. By comparing the theoretical densities (based on the developed software) of PTFE+CF–composites system with the results of experimental densities and X–ray structural parameters, it was shown that the degree of ordering and density of the amorphous phase of the polymer–matrix PTF

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18

Popescu, M., F. Sava, A. Velea, and A. Lőrinczi. "Crystalline–amorphous and amorphous–amorphous transitions in phase-change materials." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 355, no. 37-42 (2009): 1820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.04.053.

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19

Bursill, L. A., Peng JuLin, V. N. Gurarie, A. V. Orlov, and S. Prawer. "Carbon nitride films produced by high-energy shock plasma deposition." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 9 (1995): 2277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.2277.

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High-energy shock plasma deposition techniques are used to produce carbon-nitride films containing both crystalline and amorphous components. The structures are examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, parallel-electron-energy loss spectroscopy, and electron diffraction. The crystalline phase appears to be face-centered cubic with a unit cell parameter approx. a = 0.63 nm, and it may be stabilized by calcium and oxygen at about 1–2 at. % levels. 85 at. % of the carbon atoms appear to have trigonal bonding for the crystalline phase, the remaining 15 at.% having tetrahedral

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20

Wełnic, Wojciech, Johannes A. Kalb, Daniel Wamwangi, Christoph Steimer, and Matthias Wuttig. "Phase change materials: From structures to kinetics." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 9 (2007): 2368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0301.

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Phase change materials possess a unique combination of properties, which includes a pronounced property contrast between the amorphous and crystalline state, i.e., high electrical and optical contrast. In particular, the latter observation is indicative of a considerable structural difference between the amorphous and crystalline state, which furthermore is characterized by a very high vacancy concentration unknown from common semiconductors. Through the use of ab initio calculations, this work shows how the electric and optical contrast is correlated with structural differences between the cr

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21

Xu, Guofeng, Nan Yao, Ilhan A. Aksay, and John T. Groves. "An Amorphous to Crystalline Transition in the Formation of CaCO3 Thin Films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 1072–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037855.

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Calcium carbonate is one of the most abundant biominerals. Organisms have developed sophisticated controls over its polymorph, morphology and orientation through protein matrices. However, there are many unknowns as to how the matrices affect the crystallization process, in particular, the initial nucleation. A prevailing view is that crystals form via epitaxy from the templates. Alternatively, a crystalline phase could form through a multistep phase transformation, initiated by the formation of an amorphous phase. Since the amorphous phase is more soluble than the stable crystalline phase, it

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22

Wang, Hao, Dengke Chen, Xianghai An, et al. "Deformation-induced crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation in a CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy." Science Advances 7, no. 14 (2021): eabe3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe3105.

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The Cantor high-entropy alloy (HEA) of CrMnFeCoNi is a solid solution with a face-centered cubic structure. While plastic deformation in this alloy is usually dominated by dislocation slip and deformation twinning, our in situ straining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments reveal a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation in an ultrafine-grained Cantor alloy. We find that the crack-tip structural evolution involves a sequence of formation of the crystalline, lamellar, spotted, and amorphous patterns, which represent different proportions and organizations of the crystalline

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23

Pop, Iuliu, Camelia Oprea, Ioan Burda та Olivia Pop. "Magnetic and Structural Characteristics of Amorphous and Crystalline α-Al2O3 High TC Superconductors". Modern Physics Letters B 11, № 08 (1997): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798499700044x.

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The amorphous and crystalline α- Al2O3 oxides were investigated from magnetic and structural point of view. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility experiences double diamagnetic transition. First diamagnetic-paramagnetic transition is connected with the superconductor-paramagnetic transition, and the second is connected with the diamagnetic-normal state transition of α- Al2O3 -amorphous and crystalline phase. The crystalline α- Al2O3 phase has the critical temperature T c (χ = 0) = 78 K and amorphous phase has the critical temperature much higher temperature T c (χ = 0)= 144

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24

Zhang, Zhaoming, Gerry Triani, and Liang-Jen Fan. "Amorphous to anatase transformation in atomic layer deposited titania thin films induced by hydrothermal treatment at 120 °C." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 9 (2008): 2472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0297.

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Hydrothermal treatment has been applied successfully to convert amorphous titania films to crystalline anatase at 120 °C, a temperature compatible with most polymeric substrates. The amorphous films were deposited at 80 °C using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The crystallinity of the films was monitored by x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and the film composition was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of precursor chemistry and substrate material was investigated. It was found that titania films produced from Ti isopropoxide are easier to crystallize

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25

Bai, Jaeil, Joseph S. Francisco, and Xiao Cheng Zeng. "Two-dimensional dry ices with rich polymorphic and polyamorphic phase behavior." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 41 (2018): 10263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809198115.

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Both carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are triatomic molecules that are ubiquitous in nature, and both are among the five most abundant gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. At low temperature and ambient pressure, both CO2 and H2O form molecular crystals––dry ice I and ice Ih. Because water possesses distinctive hydrogen bonds, it exhibits intricate and highly pressure-dependent phase behavior, including at least 17 crystalline ice phases and three amorphous ice phases. In contrast, due to its weak van der Waals intermolecular interactions, CO2 exhibits fewer crystalline phases except at extrem

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26

Cheng, Hongfei, Nailiang Yang, Xiaozhi Liu, et al. "Aging amorphous/crystalline heterophase PdCu nanosheets for catalytic reactions." National Science Review 6, no. 5 (2019): 955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz078.

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ABSTRACT Phase engineering is arising as an attractive strategy to tune the properties and functionalities of nanomaterials. In particular, amorphous/crystalline heterophase nanostructures have exhibited some intriguing properties. Herein, the one-pot wet-chemical synthesis of two types of amorphous/crystalline heterophase PdCu nanosheets is reported, in which one is amorphous phase-dominant and the other one is crystalline phase-dominant. Then the aging process of the synthesized PdCu nanosheets is studied, during which their crystallinity increases, accompanied by changes in some physicochem

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27

Mikhailov, E., S. Vlasenko, S. T. Martin, T. Koop, and U. Pöschl. "Amorphous and crystalline aerosol particles interacting with water vapor: conceptual framework and experimental evidence for restructuring, phase transitions and kinetic limitations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 24 (2009): 9491–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9491-2009.

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Abstract. Interactions with water are crucial for the properties, transformation and climate effects of atmospheric aerosols. Here we present a conceptual framework for the interaction of amorphous aerosol particles with water vapor, outlining characteristic features and differences in comparison to crystalline particles. We used a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA) to characterize the hydration and dehydration of crystalline ammonium sulfate, amorphous oxalic acid and amorphous levoglucosan particles (diameter ~100 nm, relative humidity 5–95% at 298 K). The experime

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28

Termentzidis, Konstantinos, Maxime Verdier, and David Lacroix. "Effect of Amorphisation on the Thermal Properties of Nanostructured Membranes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 72, no. 2 (2017): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2016-0384.

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AbstractThe majority of the silicon devices contain amorphous phase and amorphous/crystalline interfaces which both considerably affect the transport of energy carriers as phonons and electrons. In this article, we investigate the impact of amorphous phases (both amorphous silicon and amorphous SiO2) of silicon nanoporous membranes on their thermal properties via molecular dynamics simulations. We show that a small fraction of amorphous phase reduces dramatically the thermal transport. One can even create nanostructured materials with subamorphous thermal conductivity, while keeping an importa

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Zang, Yuan, Lianbi Li, Jichao Hu, et al. "TEM Investigation of Asymmetric Deposition-Driven Crystalline-to-Amorphous Transition in Silicon Nanowires." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207077.

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Controlling the shape and internal strain of nanowires (NWs) is critical for their safe and reliable use and for the exploration of novel functionalities of nanodevices. In this work, transmission electron microscopy was employed to examine bent Si NWs prepared by asymmetric electron-beam evaporation. The asymmetric deposition of Cr caused the formation of nanosized amorphous-Si domains; the non-crystallinity of the Si NWs was controlled by the bending radius. No other intermediate crystalline phase was present during the crystalline-to-amorphous transition, indicating a direct phase transitio

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30

Zhang, Ming, and W. K. Wang. "Phase formation sequence induced by deposition temperatures in Nb/Si multilayers." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 5 (1998): 1373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0195.

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The phase formation sequence in Nb/Si multilayers formed at different deposition temperatures was investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The amorphous phases were found to form in Nb/Si multilayers deposited at room temperature and 560 °C, but the compositions of these two amorphous phases were different. The crystalline Nb3Si and Nb5Si3 were formed in Nb/Si multilayers deposited at 180–500 °C. The interfacial energy and modified heat of formation are adopted to explain our obtained results. The occurrence of crystalline Nb5Si3, NbSi2, and amorphous

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Tiwari, V. S., Arun Kumar, V. K. Wadhawan, and Dhananjai Pandey. "Kinetics of formation of the pyrochlore and perovskite phases in sol-gel derived lead zirconate titanate powder." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 8 (1998): 2170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0303.

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powder is prepared by the sol-gel method. The formation of pyrochlore and perovskite phases is investigated by high temperature x-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis techniques. The pyrochlore phase first appears in x-ray amorphous form, and then gets converted to crystalline state on annealing in air. We show that vacuum annealing of the pyrolyzed amorphous PZT gel suppresses the formation of the crystalline pyrochlore phase. This, in turn, enhances the kinetics of conversion of pyrochlore to perovskite, such that a pyrochlore-free perovskite phase can be

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Basiura-Cembala, Monika, Kurt Erlacher, Jan Skov Pedersen, and Bart Goderis. "Phase densities and lamellar morphologies of semicrystalline polyethylenesviaabsolute small-angle X-ray scattering measurements." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 5 (2015): 1498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715014752.

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With the crystalline volume fraction from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and the density of the crystalline phase from wide-angle X-ray diffraction, the amorphous phase density of two representative polyethylenes was calculated as a function of temperature using the absolute total SAXS scattering power or invariant. The density of the amorphous phase in semicrystalline polyethylene is crystallinity independent and is lower than melt-extrapolated values reported in the literature. Model-independent SAXS-based crystallinity values can be calculated with the aid of the densities of the cryst

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33

Behrens, Mario, Andriy Lotnyk, Hagen Bryja, Jürgen W. Gerlach, and Bernd Rauschenbach. "Structural Transitions in Ge2Sb2Te5 Phase Change Memory Thin Films Induced by Nanosecond UV Optical Pulses." Materials 13, no. 9 (2020): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092082.

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Ge-Sb-Te-based phase change memory alloys have recently attracted a lot of attention due to their promising applications in the fields of photonics, non-volatile data storage, and neuromorphic computing. Of particular interest is the understanding of the structural changes and underlying mechanisms induced by short optical pulses. This work reports on structural changes induced by single nanosecond UV laser pulses in amorphous and epitaxial Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin films. The phase changes within the thin films are studied by a combined approach using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron mi

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34

Schaal, M., P. Lamparter, and S. Steeb. "In-situ X-Ray Small Angle Scattering during the Crystallization of Amorphous Mg76Zn24." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 9 (1986): 1123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-0906.

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By X-Ray small angle scattering the relaxation and crystallization of amorphous Mg76Zn24 was investigated in-situ. Radii of gyration of the different phases developing during the annealing of the sample were determined. By comparison of the small angle scattering results with DSC-results from the literature and the phase diagram the different phases could be identified. The crystallization of amorphous Mg76Zn24 is preceded by the formation of β-phase (Mg72Zn28)-like inhomogeneities in the amorphous phase. Further annealing leads to the final crystalline phases γ-MgZn and Mg.

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Kushnerov, O. I., and V. F. Bashev. "Structure, thermal and electrical properties of Fe-B-Co-Nb-Ni-Si high-entropy metallic glass." Journal of Physics and Electronics 28, no. 1 (2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/332009.

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New nanostructured Fe25B17.5Co21.35Nb3.65Ni25Si7.5 high-entropy metallic glass is synthesized by dint of splat-quenching technique. The estimated cooling rate is ~106 K/s. The coherently scattering domain size (crystallite size) of films of Fe 25B17.5Co21.35Nb3.65Ni25Si7.5 high-entropy metallic glass estimated by the Sherer formula is ~ 3 nm. The high-entropy metallic glass shows a high temperature of glass transition Tg ~ 800 K and the initial temperature of crystallization Tx ~ 863 K. After annealing to ~ 1010 K (above the crystallization temperature) and subsequent slow cooling, the amorpho

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Yang, G. W., C. Lin, and B. X. Liu. "Phase evolution in Ni–Nb multilayers upon solid-state reaction." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 7 (1999): 3027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0406.

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Solid-state amorphization was achieved in the Ni48Nb52 multilayers upon thermal annealing by gradually raising the temperature from 250 to 400 °C and staying at 400 °C for 2 h. More interestingly, before complete amorphization, a sequential disordering of first Ni and then Nb crystalline lattices was observed for the first time, and it was essentially the physical origin of an asymmetric growth of the amorphous interlayer during solid-state reaction reported previously in some binary metal systems. In another two multilayered samples with overall compositions of Ni64Nb36 and Ni70Nb30, thermal

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Bendersky, L. A., F. S. Biancaniello, and R. J. Schaefer. "Amorphous phase formation in Al70Si17Fe13 alloy." Journal of Materials Research 2, no. 4 (1987): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0427.

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The alloy Al70Si17Fe13 was subjected to a range of rapid solidification conditions and the resulting microstructures were evaluated. It was found that when solidification was sufficiently rapid to bypass the formation of primary intermetallic phases, the alloy consisted of spherical regions of amorphous (or microquasicrystalline) material surrounded by a crystalline phase(s). This microstructure is interpreted as the result of solidification of the amorphous phase from the melt by a first-order transformation. The structure of the amorphous phase is different from that of a liquid (or usual me

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Chang, Li-Chun, Bo-Wei Liu, and Yung-I. Chen. "Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Behavior of Multilayered Hf–Si–N Coatings." Coatings 8, no. 10 (2018): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100354.

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Monolithic Hf–Si–N coatings and multilayered Hf–Si–N coatings with cyclical gradient concentration were fabricated using reactive direct current magnetron cosputtering. The structure of the Hf–Si–N coatings varied from a crystalline HfN phase, to a mixture of HfN and amorphous phases and to an amorphous phase with continuously increasing the Si content. The multilayered Hf48Si3N49 coatings exhibited a mixture of face-centered cubic and near-amorphous phases with a maximal hardness of 22.5 GPa, a Young’s modulus of 244 GPa and a residual stress of −1.5 GPa. The crystalline phase-dominant coatin

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Yu, Ning, Ram Devanathan, Kurt E. Sickafus, and Michael Nastasi. "Radiation-induced phase transformations in MgAl2O4 spinel." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 7 (1997): 1766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0243.

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Ion-irradiation was observed to transform MgAl2O4 spinel first to a metastable crystalline phase and then to an amorphous phase at cryogenic temperatures. Elastic stiffening of 15% occurred upon formation of the metastable crystalline phase. A second transformation from the metastable crystalline spinel to an amorphous state was accompanied by elastic softening of 25% relative to unirradiated spinel. This phase transformation behavior in spinel appears to be different from that in intermetallic compounds where only elastic softening associated with radiation damage accumulation is observed. A

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Wei, Bingqiang, Lin Li, Lin Shao, and Jian Wang. "Crystalline–Amorphous Nanostructures: Microstructure, Property and Modelling." Materials 16, no. 7 (2023): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072874.

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Crystalline metals generally exhibit good deformability but low strength and poor irradiation tolerance. Amorphous materials in general display poor deformability but high strength and good irradiation tolerance. Interestingly, refining characteristic size can enhance the flow strength of crystalline metals and the deformability of amorphous materials. Thus, crystalline–amorphous nanostructures can exhibit an enhanced strength and an improved plastic flow stability. In addition, high-density interfaces can trap radiation-induced defects and accommodate free volume fluctuation. In this article,

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Wang, Hao. "The Role of Casting Temperature in Preparation of Bulk Metallic Glasses." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1671.

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In the past research on bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has been concentrated on searching for alloy composition to obtain high glass forming ability. Very few studies are on the effect of processing condition on glass forming ability of BMGs. In this study, we have prepared CuZr-based BMGs at different casting temperatures. Increasing casting temperature increases glass forming ability and decreases the amount of the crystalline phase during BMG solidification. At a high casting temperature 1723 K, fully amorphous sample is obtained at a size of 2 mm in diameter. While under the lower casting te

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Haberl, Bianca, Malcolm Guthrie, David J. Sprouster, Jim S. Williams, and Jodie E. Bradby. "New insight into pressure-induced phase transitions of amorphous silicon: the role of impurities." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 3 (2013): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813010509.

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The pressure-induced phase transformations of a form of amorphous silicon (a-Si) with well characterized impurity levels and structure are examined at pressures up to 40 GPa usingin situsynchrotron X-ray radiation. At ∼12 GPa crystallization commences, but it is not completed until ∼16 GPa. At higher pressures, not all the crystalline phases observed for crystalline silicon (c-Si) appear. On pressure release, none of the metastable crystalline phases observed for c-Si nucleate. Instead an amorphous phase is re-formed. This is in contrast to all previous diamond-anvil studies on a-Si. If full p

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Koehler, C., and G. Thomas. "Characterization of grain boundary phases in Si3N4 sintered using Y-Si-Al-O-N additives." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 1070–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100178483.

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The usefulness of silicon nitride as a high temperature ceramic can be limited by the presence of amorphous phases at the grain boundaries. Dense silicon nitride ceramics are produced using pressureless sintering of Si3N4 with Y-Si-Al-O-N additives. When these additives are left as a glassy phase at the grain boundaries and triple grain junctions, the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures are weakened due to these low viscous glasses. Post-sintering heat treatments and close compositional control can be effective in transforming the glass into crystalline phases at the grain boundarie

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Lau, Kok Tee, and Zurianee Lokman Loganathan. "Effect of HCl Concentration on the Phase and Microstructure of TiO₂ Film Synthesized by Low-Voltage Anodization of Titanium." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.500.

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Titanium oxide (Ti-O) films were prepared by low-voltage (i.e., 5-15 V) anodization of titanium plate in different hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations. Phase composition and surface microstructure of the anodized sample were investigated through XRD and SEM characterizations. Samples anodized at 15 V and in 0.6, 1.5 and 3.0 M HCl concentrations show higher amount of crystalline TiO2 (i.e., anatase and rutile) phases as compared to other anodizing conditions. The three samples show open pores microstructure on the anodized surface. Samples anodized at lower voltages and in low to medium HCl

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Kikukawa, Takashi, and Hajime Utsunomiya. "Scanning Probe Microscope Observation of Recorded Marks in Phase Change Disks." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, no. 4 (2001): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100050010085.

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AbstractThis is the first report on observation of phase change recorded marks by use of the scanning probe microscope (SPM). The amorphous mark and crystalline blank were clearly observed by surface potential mode (SPoM) that visualized the surface potential difference among phases or materials. SPoM observation has an advantage over conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation in that the sample preparation is much easier, and that amorphous mark and crystalline blank are clearly distinguished. The possibility of a novel readout method of phase change disks, and the possib

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Kozyukhin, Sergey A., Petr I. Lazarenko, Yuri V. Vorobyov, et al. "Laser-induced modification of amorphous GST225 phase change materials." Matériaux & Techniques 107, no. 3 (2019): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2019008.

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In this paper, we have studied the crystallization behavior of amorphous GST225 thin films upon irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses. Crystalline and melt-quenched amorphous regions were produced by exposure to laser single or multipulses, and were characterized by the optical microscopy and by the micro-Raman spectroscopy. Transition region between the amorphous and crystalline parts of the laser-modified area was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Using irradiation by single laser pulses with varying fluence, it was verified that crystallization was possible if the fluence is more

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Zhang, Wen Jie, and Jin Lei Chen. "Effects of Calcination Time on Structure and Morphology of Porous TiO₂-Al₂O₃ Material." Advanced Materials Research 496 (March 2012): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.161.

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Porous TiO2-Al2O3 composites were prepared through sol-gel method after calcination at 500 oC for different time. PEG1000 was used as a template and tetrabutyl titanate and aluminum isopropoxide were used as the precursors. The materials prepared under different calcination temperatures were all composed of anatase TiO2 and amorphous Al2O3. All the samples presented anatase TiO2 crystalline structure. There was no rutile TiO2 phase appearing in the patterns. Meanwhile, there were no noticeable diffraction peaks of any of crystalline phases of Al2O3. Calculated from Scherrer formula on (101) pl

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Sinkler, W., C. Michaelsen, and R. Bormann. "A transmission electron microscopy investigation of inverse melting in Nb45Cr55." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 7 (1997): 1872–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0257.

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In inverse melting, a supersaturated crystalline phase transforms polymorphously under heat treatment to the amorphous state. Inverse melting of body-centered cubic (bcc) Nb45Cr55 is studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). The crystalline to amorphous transformation is heterogeneous, initiating at the bcc grain boundaries. HRTEM reveals 2–3 nm domains with medium range order (MRO) in the amorphous phase. Preferred orientation of MRO domains is found on a scale corresponding to the precursor bcc grain size. Using HRTEM and calorimetry, MRO developme

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Heidrich, Dario, and Michael Gehde. "The 3-Phase Structure of Polyesters (PBT, PET) after Isothermal and Non-Isothermal Crystallization." Polymers 14, no. 4 (2022): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040793.

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According to the 3-phase model, semi-crystalline thermoplastics consist of a mobile amorphous fraction (MAF), a rigid amorphous fraction (RAF), and a crystalline fraction (CF). For the two polyesters Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), the composition of these phases was investigated using the largest possible variation in the isothermal and non-isothermal boundary conditions. This was performed by combining the conventional Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) with the Fast Scanning Calorimetry (FSC). From the results it can be deduced that the structural

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Iannarelli, R., and M. J. Rossi. "H<sub>2</sub>O and HCl trace gas kinetics on crystalline and amorphous HCl hydrates in the range 170 to 205 K: the HCl/H<sub>2</sub>O phase diagram revisited." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 11 (2013): 30765–839. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-30765-2013.

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Abstract. In this laboratory study, H2O ice films of 1 to 2 μm thickness have been used as surrogates for ice particles at atmospherically relevant conditions in a stirred flow reactor (SFR) to measure the kinetics of evaporation and condensation of HCl and H2O on crystalline and amorphous HCl hydrates. A multidiagnostic approach has been employed using FTIR absorption spectroscopy in transmission to monitor the condensed phase and residual gas mass spectrometry (MS) for the gas phase. An average mass balance ratio between HCl adsorbed onto ice and the quantity of HCl measured using FTIR absor

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