Journal articles: 'Crystalline waterproofing materials'

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Li, Hui, Yu Liu, and Gaoshang Zhang. "Preparation and Performance Study of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Materials." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 8, no. 3 (2024): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v8i3.6547.

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Cementitious capillary crystalline waterproof materials (CCCW for short) offer durability and excellent waterproofing properties, making them a popular option for building waterproofing. Some scholars have studied the proportioning of such materials. However, these studies lack the relationship between the impermeability pressure of mortar and the components, and the mechanism of action is somewhat debatable. Therefore, we adopted a two-step method in our experiments. Firstly, we screened out the components that significantly impact impermeability from a variety of active components by orthogonal test. We then optimized the design of the active group ratio using the simplex lattice method. Lastly, we conducted a performance test of the optimal ratio and explored the waterproofing mechanism of homemade CCCW.

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Li, Hui, and Yu Liu. "Preparation of cementitious osmotic crystalline waterproof material and its waterproofing mechanism analysis." International Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 1, no. 1 (2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijmee.v1n1.03.

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Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing materials (hereinafter: CCCW) with the advantages of good waterproof effect, green and low cost, it is widely used in the field of building waterproofing. Researchers and scholars have studied the proportioning of such materials. However, the experimental methods used in these studies are not perfect enough, therefore, this study uses a seven-factor, two-level orthogonal test method to conduct experiments and to study the waterproofing effect of CCCW coated on the substrate at different ages, and to discuss the existing waterproofing mechanism in conjunction with it. The results show that the group's homemade waterproofing agent has a good waterproofing effect, and the compressive strength is significantly increased at different ages, which suggests that CCCW can promote the hydration of cement and produce more penetrating crystals, thus blocking the capillary pores and microcracks, and making the matrix dense and waterproof.

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Yu, Yuan, and Tao Sun. "Polymer-Modified Cement Waterproofing Coating and Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Materials: Mechanism and Applications." Key Engineering Materials 726 (January 2017): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.726.527.

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As the Integrant Construction Material for Infrastructure Construction and Real Estate Industry, Building Waterproof Materials is a Key Part of the Construction Quality Guarantee. it Plays an Important Role in Saving Energy, Reducing Consumption and Environmental Protection. it Lays the Foundation for the Realization of the Cleaning Production and High Efficiency for Economical Production. Currently, the Direction of Waterproof Construction is from Multi-Layer to Single Layer, from Heat to Cold Construction. there are many Different Kinds of Waterproof Materials on Building Materials Market. when the Waterproof Materials Need to Be Used for the Project, we should Deal with Problems Case by Case in Order to Be Able to Select the Waterproof Coating Suitable for the Characteristics of the Project. Attention Need to Be Paid for the Differences of the Constituents, the Physical Mechanical Properties and Characteristics, and Construction Points and Matters during Construction Works Polymer-Modified Cement Waterproofing Coating and Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Materials are Reviewed in the Present Study. Waterproof Mechanism and Influence Factors of its Application Discussed. as a New Type of Waterproof Materials, its Unique Advantage and Price Decline, it has been Widely Used in Industrial and Civil Buildings, and the Remarkable Economic Benefits and Social Benefits has been Achieved in Past few Years.

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Mottl, Martin, Pavel Reiterman, and Jiří Pazderka. "The Influence of Aggressive Environmental Conditions on the Adhesion of Applied Crystalline Materials." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 1 (2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010005.

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Crystalline coatings are waterproofing systems used for additional protection against increased moisture and subsurface water ingress. Even though these crystalline materials are commonly used in moisture-protective systems, they have not yet been sufficiently scientifically described. The weakest link in the chain of interaction between crystalline coatings and underlying concrete is the transition zone. To increase knowledge of the interaction between these materials, a series of experiments was prepared using a specially formulated protective mortar as the final surface layer, with the function of additionally waterproofing the structure. An experimental study of the adhesion of surface layers based on secondary crystallization to provide additional protection to concrete structures loaded with moisture or ground water exposure is presented in this paper. The series of experiments carried out consisted of an analysis of protective crystalline mortar adhesion to concrete samples of identical composition. A set of experimental measurements under the influence of various boundary conditions was carried out to determine the bond strength between two different materials. For the experimental measurements, the materials were exposed to aggressive environments for which durability verification had not yet been performed. A modified protective mortar with crystalline admixture was used as an overlayed material. This mortar worked similarly to a crystalline coating after application. Over time, there was penetration of the underlaying concrete and a secondary hydration of the cement matrix which resulted in the waterproofing of the structure. The test samples were exposed to aggressive environmental conditions in the form of freezing–thawing cycles and a carbonation process. Pull-off tests were carried out on every test sample to determine the strength of the surface layers. The penetration of the crystalline agent into the base concrete was confirmed with an SEM observation. The results of the experimental program showed that exposure to the aggressive environment further reduced the strength of the modified mortar containing the crystalline admixture. However, the bond strength between the concrete and the modified mortar exceeded the tensile strength of the concrete.

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Bohus, Stepan, Rostislav Drochytka, and Luboš Taranza. "Fly-Ash Usage in New Cement-Based Material for Concrete Waterproofing." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1902.

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Concrete is the most widely used building material and due to its use, water tightness is one of the factors essential for many constructions. Materials applied on concrete surface as secondary protection can have various forms. One of the material group with waterproofing ability, are materials on so called "crystalline technology base". As this material is cement-based its wide world production brings significant effect on environment. To bring on building materials market new materials should be considered its environmental friendlier production. One of the ways for this group of materials with crystalline abilities is replacing cement by other substituent, at best by secondary raw material. This would bring double advantage, lowering usage of cement and on the other hand use of already produced secondary raw material. This article deals with new developed materials based on "crystalline technology" with cement partly replaced by fly-ash substituent. At this article are presented results of new developed screed and coating modifications and its effectiveness on concrete waterproofing.

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Hickman, Benjamin S. D., and Sebastian Macmillan. "Efficacy of crystalline waterproofing additives for basement concrete." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 172, no. 5 (2019): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jcoma.18.00032.

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Krishnaraj, L., P. T. Ravichandran, M. V.A.Karthik, N. Satheeshram Avudaiyappan, and . "A Study on Porous Sealing Efficacy of hydrophilic Admixture on Blended Cement Concrete." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (2018): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11514.

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The life of the concrete is strongly influenced by durability parameters. The permeability is one of the main characteristics influencing the durability of concrete. The concrete is more permeable due to the ingress of water, oxygen, chloride, sulphate, and other potential deleterious substances. The durability of concrete is mainly affected by pore structure system of concrete and addingthe supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), such as fly ash, slag cement, and silica fume can be decrease permeability. Crystalline technology enhances the strength of concrete by filling the poresand micro-cracks with non-dissolvable substances. To study the efficiency of crystalline formation in concrete in terms of more permeable should be guaranteed through a specific technique.The effectiveness of crystalline waterproofing system with partial replacement cement by GGBS is studiedin terms of strength and durability. The performance of the two different types of crystalline waterproofing integral admixtures has been studied for compressive strength, Split tensile strength, workability, water permeability, Rapid chloride permeability test and porosity in this paper.The early strength increased in GGBS with crystalline admixture concretes compare to the control concrete. No significant strength reduction is observed in GGBS concretes with crystalline admixture when replaced with 20% and 40% of cement than control concrete.

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Lim, Seungmin, and Shiho Kawashima. "Mechanisms Underlying Crystalline Waterproofing through Microstructural and Phase Characterization." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 31, no. 9 (2019): 04019175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002752.

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Mircea, Calin, Tudor-Panfil Toader, Andreea Hegyi, Brăduț-Alexandru Ionescu, and Andreea Mircea. "Early Age Sealing Capacity of Structural Mortar with Integral Crystalline Waterproofing Admixture." Materials 14, no. 17 (2021): 4951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174951.

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Crystalline admixtures embedded in concrete may react in the presence of water and generate thin crystals able to fill pores, capillaries and micro-cracks. Once the concrete has dried, the crystalline chemicals sit dormant until another dose of water starts the crystallization again. The research aims to analyses the early age self-sealing effect of a crystalline admixture at a dosage rate of 1–3% of the cement mass. Specimens made with two types of gravel were pre-loaded with three-point bending to up to 90% of the ultimate capacity, and conditioned through wet–dry cycles. Micro-crack closure was measured with a microscope after pre-loading, and after 1 day, 4 days, 8 days, 14 days and 20 days of wet–dry exposure. The results show that an admixture content of 3% achieves the best early self-sealing performance. These results are also confirmed by probabilistic analyses, which also emphasize the self-sealing potential of lower ICW contents.

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Figala, Petr, Rostislav Drochytka, Vit Černý, and Pavel Dohnálek. "The Development of a New Chemically Resistant Sprayed Mixture." Solid State Phenomena 336 (August 30, 2022): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-248gp8.

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This paper deals with research and development of a new chemically resistant sprayed mixture based on portland cement and special admixtures. The new material will be part of a comprehensive remediation system for the remediation of chemically attacked and stressed sewer structures. The aim of this work is to verify the effect of the amount of crystalline waterproofing admixture on selected physical-mechanical characteristics and chemical resistance, specifically resistance to the attack of sulphate solution and the attack of aggressive biogenic sulfuric acid solution. Furthermore, the resulting characteristics of test specimens manufactured in the laboratory and test specimens made by spraying into boxes and subsequent cutting to the required dimensions were compared. Due to the fact that there is currently no official methodology in the Czech Republic for testing the chemical resistance of cementitious materials intended for sewage environments, the methodology was used in accordance with DIN 19573 "Draft on mortars for construction and rehabilitation sewer systems". The sulphate resistance was determined for test specimens measuring 160×40×10mm, which were exposed to a solution of sulphate salts with a concentration of 29.8g / l (44g/l Na2SO4) for 91days. To determinate the resistance to biogenic sulfuric acid, special tanks were assembled in which the test specimens, measuring 80×40×40mm, were exposed for 14 days to a solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with a molar concentration of 1,0mol/l (pH=0). The results of this work show the optimal amount of crystalline waterproofing admixture. The results of this work will be used in the next phase of research, when cement and some fillers will be substituted by selected secondary raw materials, namely to improve or at least maintain the key characteristics of the final sprayed mixture. Keywords: Sprayed mixture, Sulphates, Biogenic sulfuric acid, Chemical resistance, Crystalline waterproofing admixture

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Li, Guangyan, Xiaofeng Huang, Jiesheng Lin, Xiang Jiang, and Xinya Zhang. "Activated chemicals of cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials and their self-healing behaviour." Construction and Building Materials 200 (March 2019): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.093.

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Zhang, Yongzhen, Qiao Wang, Jintao Chen, et al. "Preparation and performance study of active chemicals in cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials." Case Studies in Construction Materials 20 (July 2024): e02874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e02874.

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13

Wang, Gui Ming, Jun Xue Zhang, and Hui Chen. "Effect of CCWC on the Self-Healing Action and the Microstructure of Cement-Based Materials." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.811.

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The performance of Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Coatings(CCWC) was measured by its impermeability and self-healing ability. At the meantime, the microstructure of mortar treated by CCWC was researched with SEM and XRD. The results showed that Ionic transmission could cause a chemical reaction, generate a great quantity hydrate products to block up the pores and cracks in cement-based materials, endow it with self- healing ability, and increase its durability. With increment of the coverage rate, pores and cracks of cement-based materials can be better healed with ionic transmission.

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Ndoj, Genciana, Armona Kastrati, Erisa Elezi, and Klodjan Xhexhi. "Capacity of Self-Sealing Concrete Embedding Crystalline Admixture." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 7, no. 2 (2022): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2022.7.2.2762.

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Concrete is one of the most intelligent and widely utilized man-made materials in the construction industry. Despite this, even high-quality concrete is susceptible to porosity, which reduces its serviceability period. Furthermore, there is an increasing need to increase longevity due to environmental exposure such as soil moisture, corrosive outside elements, or structural defects forming in the surface of concrete. The use of crystalline admixtures in concrete is one of the many approaches to reducing these risks. When crystalline admixtures come into contact with water, they form thin crystals that fill pores, capillaries, and micro fractures, as a result making concrete a self-sealing material. When the concrete has dried, the crystalline particles remain dormant until they come into contact with additional water, which causes them to crystallize once more. This research aims to analyze and compare the material properties between commonly used concrete and concrete where crystalline waterproofing is present. Furthermore, experiments are conducted to evaluate each of the concrete samples: compressive strength, water permeability and flexure strength. As a result, demonstrating benefits or negative aspects in the use of crystalline admixture in the early stages of concrete is important. It is not yet defined, weather this is the future of cutting-edge concrete and the impact that it will have in the Albanian building market.

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Dyomin, K. A., A. N. Khagleev, L. A. Urkhanova, P. K. Khardaev, S. S. Agnaev, and S. D. Dondukov. "WATERPROOFING POLYMER FILMS MODIFIED IN GLIDING ARC PLASMA." Вестник ВСГУТУ 1, no. 92 (2024): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53980/24131997_2024_1_90.

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The article considers the use of polyethylene modified in sliding arc plasma as a waterproofing material. It assesses influence of plasma modification on physical and mechanical properties of polyethylene films by testing for relative elongation and maximum load. The study establishes increase in the size of supramolecular structures in crystalline parts, changing the strength properties of polymer film. It has been experimentally proven that application of 10-second plasma modification by sliding arc using the developed plasma installation results in formation of activated layer on the surface of polyethylene films, which increases the strength characteristics of the material. It has been determined that modifying the polyethylene within 10 seconds increases the strength of the polymer films. Due to increased mechanical strength and changed surface structure, modified polyethylene films are of interest as a base material for creating polymer-roll waterproofing materials.

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Kheaw-on, Thakdanai, Nantawat Khomwan, and Suvimol Sujjavanich. "The Effect of Crystalline Waterproofing Materials on Accelerated Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete." International Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 6 (2021): 699–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40999-020-00593-6.

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Azarsa, Pejman, Rishi Gupta, Peiman Azarsa, and Alireza Biparva. "Durability and Self-Sealing Examination of Concretes Modified with Crystalline Waterproofing Admixtures." Materials 14, no. 21 (2021): 6508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216508.

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Repairing concrete structures costs billions of dollars every year all around the globe. For overcoming durability concerns and creating enduring economical structures, chemical admixtures, as a unique solution, have recently attracted a lot of interest. As permeability of a concrete structure is considered to play a significant role in its durability, Permeability Reducing Admixtures (PRA) is one of the ideal solutions for protecting structures exposed to water and waterborne chemicals. Different products have been developed to protect concrete structures against water penetration, which, based on their chemistry, performance, and functionality, have been categorized into PRA. As it has previously been tested by authors and proven to be a promising solution, a hydrophilic Crystalline Waterproofing Admixtures (CWA) has been considered for this study. This paper aims to investigate how this product affects concrete’s overall freeze–thaw resistance, self-sealing, and corrosion resistance. Various testing methods have been utilized to examine the performance of CWA mixtures, including the linear polarization resistance, resonance frequency testing, half-cell potential, and self-sealing test. The reinforcement corrosion potential and rate measurements indicated superior performance for CWA-treated samples. After being exposed to 300 freeze–thaw cycles, concrete mixes containing CWA—even non-air-entrained ones—showed a Durability Factor (DF) of more than 80% with no signs of failure, while non-air-entrained control samples indicated the lowest DF (below 60%) but the greatest mass loss. The major causes are a reduction in solution permeability and lack of water availability in the concrete matrix—due to the presence of CWA crystals. Furthermore, evidence from the self-sealing test suggests that CWA-treated specimens can seal wider cracks and at a faster rate.

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Beltrán Cobos, Rubén, Fabiano Tavares Pinto, and Mercedes Sánchez Moreno. "Analysis of the Influence of Crystalline Admixtures at Early Age Performance of Cement-Based Mortar by Electrical Resistance Monitoring." Materials 14, no. 19 (2021): 5705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195705.

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Crystalline admixtures are employed for waterproofing concrete. This type of admixtures can affect the early age performance of cement-based mixes. The electrical resistance properties of cement have been related to the initial setting time and to the hydration development. This paper proposes a system for remote monitoring of the initial setting time and the first days of the hardening of cement-based mortars to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of crystalline admixtures. The electrical resistance results have been confirmed by other characterization techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and compressive strength measurements. From the electrical resistance monitoring it has been observed that the incorporation of crystalline admixtures causes a delay in the initial setting time and hydration processes. The measurements also allow to evaluate the influence of the amount of admixture used; thus, being very useful as a tool to define the optimum admixture dosage to be used.

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Zhong, Jingru, Huaxian Zhang, Juejue Mao, et al. "Influences of cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing on the hydration products and properties of cement-based materials." Journal of Building Engineering 98 (December 2024): 111451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111451.

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Zhang, Yiteng, Lian Zuo, Jinchao Yang, Xi'nan Cai, Yan Zhao, and Xiangxiong Zeng. "Effect of cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing coating on the gas permeability of mortar." Structural Concrete 20, no. 5 (2019): 1763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.201900016.

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Gojević, Anita, Vilma Ducman, Ivanka Netinger Grubeša, Ana Baričević, and Ivana Banjad Pečur. "The Effect of Crystalline Waterproofing Admixtures on the Self-Healing and Permeability of Concrete." Materials 14, no. 8 (2021): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081860.

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This paper investigates the effectiveness of a specific crystalline waterproofing admixture (CWA) in concrete as a function of a water–binder ratio. Four concrete mixes with and without CWA were prepared; two of them with a water–binder ratio of 0.45 and two of them with a water–binder ratio of 0.55. Water permeability and compressive strength were tested on hardened concrete specimens and self-healing of cracks over time was observed. Cement paste and CWA paste were prepared to clarify the results obtained on the concrete specimens. SEM and EDS and XRD and FTIR were performed on the hardened pastes to explain the mechanism of CWA working. The results show that the addition of CWA had no significant effect on the compressive strength of the concrete, but reduced the water penetration depth in the concrete, and the reduction was more effective for mixes with lower water–binder ratio. Regarding the self-healing effect, it can be concluded that the addition of CWA improves the crack healing in concrete, but the efficiency of self-healing is highly dependent on the initial crack width. The mechanisms involved in the reduction of water penetration depth and crack healing in concrete can be explained by different mechanisms; one is creation of the CSH gel from unreacted clinker grains, then formation carbonate, and additional mechanism is gel formation (highly expansive Mg-rich hydro-carbonate) from magnesium based additives. The presence of sodium silicate, which would transform into carbonate/bicarbonate, also cannot be excluded.

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Fan, Xiao Ming, Xu Dong, Ming Qing Sun, and Zhuo Qiu Li. "Study on Electrical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement Paste with CCCW." Advanced Materials Research 66 (April 2009): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.66.273.

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In this work, CCCW (cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials) was added in CFRC (carbon fiber reinforced cement paste). Variations of electrical conductivity of CFRC with fiber contents (0.2%~2.0% by the weight of cement) and CCCW (3% by the weight of cement) were studied. The results showed that the resistivity of CFRC containing CCCW versus the concentration of carbon fiber curves had typical features of percolation phenomena. The percolation threshold was 1.2 wt.%. The relationship between resistance and compressive stress was repeatable in CFRC with carbon fiber content of 1.2 wt.%. The resistance decreased in nearly linearity to the compression stress during loading, and increased during unloading.

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Azarsa, Pejman, Rishi Gupta, and Alireza Biparva. "Inventive Microstructural and Durability Investigation of Cementitious Composites Involving Crystalline Waterproofing Admixtures and Portland Limestone Cement." Materials 13, no. 6 (2020): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061425.

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The durability of a cement-based material is mainly dependent on its permeability. Modifications of porosity, pore-structure and pore-connectivity could have significant impacts on permeability improvement, which eventually leads to more durable materials. One of the most efficient solutions in this regard is to use permeability reducing admixtures (PRA). Among these admixtures for those structures exposed to hydro-static pressure, crystalline waterproofing admixtures (CWA) have been serving in the construction industries for decades and according to ACI 212—chemical admixtures’ report, it has proven its capability in permeability reduction and durability-enhancement. However, there is substantial research being done on its durability properties at the macro level but very limited information available regarding its microstructural features and chemical characteristics at the micro level. Hence, this paper presents one of the first reported attempts to characterize microstructural and chemical elements of hydration products for cementitious composites with CWA called K, P and X using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Backscattered SEM images taken from a polished-section of one CWA type—K—admixture were analyzed in ImageJ to obtain paste matrix porosity, indicating a lower value for the CWA-K mixture. X-ray analysis and SEM micrographs of polished sections were examined to identify chemical compositions based on atomic ratio plots and brightness differences in backscatter-SEM images. To detect chemical elements and the nature of formed crystals, the fractured surfaces of three different CWA mixtures were examined. Cementitious composites with K admixture indicated needle-like crystal formation—though different from ettringite; X and P admixtures showed sulfur peaks in Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS) spectra, like ettringite. SEM images and X-ray analyses of mixtures incorporating Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) indicated lower-than-average porosity but showed different Si/Ca and Al/Ca atomic ratios.

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Li, Huayun, Anxiang Zhou, Yangfan Wu, Lai Deng, Kaicheng Zhu, and Feng Lu. "Research and Development of Self-Waterproofing Concrete for Tunnel Lining Structure and Its Impermeability and Crack Resistance Characteristics." Materials 16, no. 16 (2023): 5557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165557.

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This research paper systematically investigates the combined influence of fly ash, cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing (CCCW) materials, and polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties and impermeability of concrete through comprehensive orthogonal tests. Microscopic morphological changes in the concrete induced by different composite materials are examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing. The objective is to facilitate a beneficial synergetic interaction among these materials to develop highly permeable, crack-resistant concrete. Key findings of this study are: (1) The study unveils the impact of the concentration of three additive materials on the concrete’s compressive strength, tensile strength, and penetration height, thereby outlining their significant influence on the mechanical properties and impermeability of the concrete; (2) An integrated scoring method determined the optimal composite dosage of three materials: 15% fly ash, 2% CCCW, and polypropylene fibers at 1.5 kg/m3. This combination increased the concrete’s compressive strength by 12.5%, tensile strength by 48.4%, and decreased the average permeability height by 63.6%; (3) The collective introduction of these three materials notably augments the hydration reaction of the cement, resulting in denser concrete microstructure, enhanced bonding between fibers and matrix, and improved concrete strength and durability.

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Lu, Xiaochun, Jingkang Zhang, Bobo Xiong, Bin Tian, Tao Tan, and Xiao Liu. "Effect of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing (CCCW) Materials on the Frost Resistance of Panel Concrete (PC): Experiment and Mechanism." Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology 23, no. 1 (2025): 32–49. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.23.32.

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Li, Wang Lin, Ying Te Li, and Jian Ying Yu. "Application of New Concrete Materials in Channel Lining of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.942.

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Concrete lining is commonly used in large channel project to fixup soil slope and prevent channel seepage. Concrete lining is a type of thin plates structure which should have the high compression strength, crack resistance and durability. Two new high performance concrete (HPC) are used in lining project of south main channel of Yellow River-crossing project in east-route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. One is flyash HPC with manufactured-sand and the other is HPC with cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing material (CCCW); meanwhile, the mix proportion of flyash HPC with manufactured-sand and HPC with CCCW are recommended. For flyash HPC with manufactured-sand, the recommendatory water-binder ratio is 0.4 and the recommendatory flyash content is 30%. For HPC with CCCW, the recommendatory water-binder ratio is 0.48 and the recommendatory CCCW content is 1.5%.With the wide application of new HPC, the compression strength, crack resistance and durability of lining concrete are improved, channel seepage discharge is reduced and a large amount of natural building materials are saved.

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Tan, Yan, Ben Zhao, Jiangtao Yu, Henglin Xiao, Xiong Long, and Jian Meng. "Effect of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Materials on the Mechanical and Impermeability Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites with Microscopic Analysis." Polymers 15, no. 4 (2023): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15041013.

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Building structures are prone to cracking, leakage, and corrosion under complex loads and harsh marine environments, which seriously affect their durability performance. To design cementitious composites with excellent mechanical and impermeability properties, Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECCs) doped with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene short-cut fibers (PE-ECCs) were used as the reference group. Different types (XYPEX-type from Canada, SY1000-type from China) and doses (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing materials (CCCWs) were incorporated. The effect of CCCWs on the mechanical and impermeability properties of PE-ECCs, and the microscopic changes, were investigated to determine the best type of CCCW to use and the best amount of doping. The results showed that with increasing the CCCW dosage, the effects of both CCCWs on the mechanical and impermeability properties of PE-ECC increased and then decreased, and that the best mechanical and impermeability properties of PE-ECC were achieved when the CCCW dosing was 1.0%. The mechanical properties of the PE-ECC were more obviously improved by XYPEX-type CCCW, with a compressive strength of 53.8 MPa, flexural strength of 11.8 MPa, an ultimate tensile stress of 5.56 MPa, and an ultimate tensile strain of 7.53 MPa, which were 37.95%, 53.25%, 14.17%, and 21.65% higher than those of the reference group, respectively. The effects of the two CCCWs on impermeability were comparable. CCCW-PE-ECC(X1.0%) and CCCW-PE-ECC(S1.0%) showed the smallest permeation heights, 2.6 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively. The chloride ion diffusion coefficients of CCCW-PE-ECC(X1.0%) and CCCW-PE-ECC(S1.0%) exhibited the smallest values, 0.15 × 10−12 m2/s and 0.10 × 10−12 m2/s, respectively. Micromorphological tests showed that the particle size of the XYPEX-type CCCW was finer, and the intensity of the diffraction peaks of C-S-H and CaCO3 of PE-ECC increased after doping with two suitable doping amounts of CCCW. The pore structure was improved, the surface of the matrix was smoother, and the degree of erosion of hydration products on the fiber surface was reduced after chloride ion penetration. XYPEX-type CCCW demonstrated a more obvious improvement in the PE-ECC pore structure.

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Sonule, Sandip. "Appropriate Selection of Materials for Making Durable Self Compacting Concrete for Using in Underground Structures." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 4749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45053.

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Abstract: Selecting appropriate and suitable of materials plays an important role in concrete mix design to meet the general requirements of European guidelines for self-compacting concrete and to ensure a balance between deformability and stability. The type of selected materials and the ratios of concrete ingredients can be affected by the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete. In the contract agreement of the Mumbai Metro underground project, the technical specifications clearly state the values of limits set for achieving the durability parameters for the life of 120 years of the structure. According to the requirement of the site conditions Self-compacting concrete was designed with available material, special material like Ultra GGBS- Alccofine 1203 and crystalline waterproofing admixture. Self-compacting concrete is superior concrete than the traditional concrete with high workability, no segregation, no bleeding, and it is also suitable for use in structures with long-distance pumping in the instant case i.e., more than 120-meter length in Underground NATM tunnels, cross-passages, and the concrete structure of the underground metro station box. The paper presents a comparison between concrete mix designs and their achieved test parameters suitable for the contract specification of Mumbai metro underground project

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Uygunoğlu, Tayfun, and İlker Bekir Topçu. "Effect of Water Proofing Materials on Self-Healing Concrete." European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering 3, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/190vto47v.

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Improving the strength of the concrete structures and increasing the service life is an important issue. The service times of the concrete remained; external factors such as water penetrating into these micro-cracks and shorten the life of the concrete. In order to solve this problem, the idea of self-healing concrete with bacteria or other materials has been put forward and studies have shown that using CaO based materials that repair cracks in this direction by precipitating calcite. It is obvious that long term performance of concrete will increase with to prevent water pass to concrete interior. Instead of forming a barrier on the positive or negative side of concrete, water proofing admixture turn the concrete itself into a water barrier. Internal concrete waterproofing systems can be water repellents or crystalline admixtures. In this study, water proofing admixture was added to concrete mixture as water proofing material and its effect on self-healing in terms of filling the pores was investigated. Beam samples including the CaO based water proofing powder materials were produced in size of 285x75x25 mm. The samples were cracked in the flexural machine. After some days, the cracks were investigated by microscope. Crak control was continued till 28 days. At the end of study, the cracks smaller than 0.3 mm were self-healed. However, the bigger cracks than 0.3 mm cannot be self-healed by water proofing material. Consequently, self-healing of concrete with CaO based water proofing powder material is very promising for the environmentally friendly and sustainable structures of the future.

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Wang, Haoyu, Wei You, Guojin Ji, Liang Wang, and Guoyou Yao. "Influence of Different Mixing Methods for Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Materials on the Self-Healing Capacity of Concrete Under Various Damage Types." Materials 18, no. 1 (2025): 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010159.

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Cementitious Capillary Crystallization Waterproofing Material (CCCW), as an efficient self-healing agent, can effectively repair damage in concrete structures, thereby extending their service life. To address the various types of damage encountered in practical engineering applications, this study investigates the impact of different mixing methods for CCCW (including internal mixing, curing, and post-crack repair) on the multi-dimensional self-healing performance of concrete. The self-healing capacity of concrete was evaluated through water pressure damage self-healing tests, freeze–thaw damage self-healing tests, mechanical load damage self-healing tests, and crack damage self-healing tests. The results show that the curing-type CCCW mixing method exhibited the best self-healing effect in repairing water pressure, freeze–thaw, and load damages, with corresponding healing rates of 88.9%, 92.7%, and 90.5%, respectively. The internally mixed CCCW method was also effective for repairing load damage in concrete, while the repair-type CCCW mixing method demonstrated the weakest repair effect on these types of damage. For concrete with induced pre-existing cracks, the internally mixed CCCW method, after 28 days of water-immersion curing, exhibited a significantly higher crack self-healing ability, with a self-healing ratio of 333.8%. Optical microscopy observations revealed that the crack surfaces were almost fully sealed, with a substantial deposition of white crystalline material at the crack sites. Further analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) provided insights into the surface morphology and phase characteristics of the self-healed cracks, indicating that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) were the main products responsible for crack healing.

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Qi, Guangcheng. "Study on the freezing resistance and repair technology of prestressed high-strength concrete pipe piles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2713, no. 1 (2024): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2713/1/012041.

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Abstract This article takes a prestressed high-strength concrete tube pile (PHC tube pile) in Tianjin Port as the research object, considers the influence of the type of admixture, forming process, and maintenance method in the process of concrete fabrication, and carries out a rapid freeze-thaw test of PHC tube pile concrete. The changes in the mass loss rate, relative compressive strength, and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, as well as the influence characteristics and mechanism of the admixture type, forming process, and curing method, were obtained. Based on this study, the repair and reinforcement of the base concrete were carried out using ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites and cementitious permeable crystalline composites, and a rapid freeze-thaw test was conducted on the repaired concrete specimens to verify the repair and reinforcement effects of the two materials. The study showed that the mass loss rate, relative strength, and relative dynamic elastic modulus can better characterize the freezing resistance of PHC piles, and it is safer to use the relative dynamic elastic modulus as the evaluation index of the freezing resistance of PHC pile concrete than the mass loss rate. The concrete admixture, forming process, and maintenance method have significant effects on the freezing resistance of the PHC pipe pile mix. The splitting damage surface of both ultrahigh-toughness cementitious composites (UHTTC) and cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing (CCCW) repaired concrete is a reinforced surface, and both repair materials can improve the freezing resistance of PHC pipe piles through the crack arresting effect and reduction in initial porosity.

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Manhanga, Fallon Clare, Žymantas Rudžionis, Ernestas Ivanauskas, and Algirdas Augonis. "The investigations on properties of self-healing concrete with crystalline admixture and recycled concrete waste." MATEC Web of Conferences 364 (2022): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236405002.

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The concept of self-healing concrete is becoming more necessary as sustainability in construction is more desirable. Amongst the current solutions in this technology are autogenous, chemical, and bacterial self-healing. It is paramount that secondary raw materials be used in the production of selfhealing concrete as a form of a sustainable solution. Therefore, in this paper, the admixture “Betocrete-CP-360-WP”, which is a crystallizing waterproofing admixture with hydrophobic effect and is 100% recyclable, has been used and its effect on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of concrete, as well as selfhealing capabilities of concrete, have been determined. According to the obtained results, the crystalline additive “Betocrete-CP-360-WP” has no effect on density and slightly increases the amount of entrained air in the concrete mix. However, it does decrease the workability of the concrete mixture which could prove problematic in transportation to the construction site or in concreting in general. Also, with the crystalline admixture in the concrete mix, a 60% reduction in concrete compressive strength after one day of hardening has been estimated, but after 7 and 28 days, the strength attained is within the ranges of the control samples. In addition, concrete containing Betocrete-CP360-WP was 30% less water permeable as compared to control samples. The self-healing efficiency of the concrete was determined by a water flow test through a formed crack (approximately 0.35 mm wide). This was done by gluing a plastic pipe to the top of the cracked concrete specimens and maintaining a constant pressure of the water in the pipe. The experiment was continued for 28 days, and the crack self-healing efficiency of the concrete was calculated from the differences in the amount of water passed through the crack before healing and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of the healing process. After 28 days of the water flow test, the cracks in the concrete with the crystalline admixture and recycled concrete dust were completely healed, while the control specimens were not.

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Peters Omale, Reuben. "Comparative Analysis of Concrete Water-Proofing Materials." Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology, March 31, 2022, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2022(4)122.

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Concrete is porous when exposed to water, because water passes through its pores defacing the concrete and corroding the reinforcements, this overall effect weakens concrete. Waterproofing of concrete is very essential in building parts which are constantly exposed to moisture from ground water and rain water. This study compared bituminous felt with cementitious crystalline waterproofing materials for concrete. In this study, a particular square area of concrete slab was assumed, and a market survey was conducted to determine the cost of purchase and installation of bituminous felt and cementitious crystalline waterproofing materials for the assumed square area. The bill of quantities for both options was done to aid the comparisons and cost of maintenance of both materials. The results of the study showed that bituminous felt was the most widely used waterproofing material, while cementitious crystalline waterproofing material on the other hand is not a very popular material as most building professionals did not know about its existence. The market survey showed that it was cheaper to install cementitious crystalline waterproofing material than to install bituminous felt and the cost of maintenance of cementitious waterproofing material was also negligible compared to bituminous felt. Though cementitious crystalline waterproofing material is new in Akure market, it has a promising future in the construction industry not only in Akure but in Nigeria’s construction industry at large.

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Al-Jabari, Maher, Radi Al-Rashed, and Michael E. Ayers. "Mitigation of Asr in Concrete Using Multi-Crystalline Intermixed Waterproofing Materials." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4291225.

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35

Khomwan, Nantawat, Suvimol Sujjavanich, and Thakdanai Kheaw-on. "Effect of crystalline waterproofing materials on corrosion potential of steel in concrete." Innovative Infrastructure Solutions 9, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01313-4.

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36

Al-Jabari, Maher, Radi Rashed, and Michael E. Ayers. "Mitigation of Alkali Silica Reactions in Concrete using Multi-crystalline Intermixed Waterproofing Materials." CEMENT, March 2023, 100065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cement.2023.100065.

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37

Mona, Elsalamawy, Ragab Mohamed Ashraf, and Elsayed Abosen Abdellatif. "Effectiveness of Crystallization Coating Materials on Chloride Ions Ingress in Concrete." International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences 10.0, no. 9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1314594.

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This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different crystalline coating materials concerning of chloride ions penetration. The concrete ages at the coating installation and its moisture conditions were addressed; where, these two factors may play a dominant role for the effectiveness of the used materials. Rapid chloride ions penetration test (RCPT) was conducted at different ages and moisture conditions according to the relevant standard. In addition, the contaminated area and the penetration depth of the chloride ions were investigated immediately after the RCPT test using chemical identifier, 0.1 M silver nitrate AgNO<sub>3</sub> solution. Results have shown that, the very low chloride ions penetrability, for the studied crystallization materials, were investigated only with the old age concrete (G1). The significant reduction in chloride ions’ penetrability was illustrated after 7 days of installing the crystalline coating layers. Using imageJ is more reliable to describe the contaminated area of chloride ions, where the distribution of aggregate and heterogeneous of cement mortar was considered in the images analysis.

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Mona, Elsalamawy, Ragab Mohamed Ashraf, and Elsayed Abosen Abdellatif. "Effectiveness of Crystallization Coating Materials on Chloride Ions Ingress in Concrete." October 1, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1132919.

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This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different crystalline coating materials concerning of chloride ions penetration. The concrete ages at the coating installation and its moisture conditions were addressed; where, these two factors may play a dominant role for the effectiveness of the used materials. Rapid chloride ions penetration test (RCPT) was conducted at different ages and moisture conditions according to the relevant standard. In addition, the contaminated area and the penetration depth of the chloride ions were investigated immediately after the RCPT test using chemical identifier, 0.1 M silver nitrate AgNO<sub>3</sub> solution. Results have shown that, the very low chloride ions penetrability, for the studied crystallization materials, were investigated only with the old age concrete (G1). The significant reduction in chloride ions’ penetrability was illustrated after 7 days of installing the crystalline coating layers. Using imageJ is more reliable to describe the contaminated area of chloride ions, where the distribution of aggregate and heterogeneous of cement mortar was considered in the images analysis.

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39

Ding, Fan, Xiang Fan, Yongli Xie, et al. "Combined effect of rice husk ash and cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials on the performance of mortar." Journal of Building Engineering, January 2024, 108479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.108479.

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40

Wang, Conghao, Jia Xiao, Congyun Long, Qinghan Zhang, Jinyan Shi, and Zedi Zhang. "Influences of the joint action of sulfate erosion and cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials on the hydration products and properties of cement-based materials: A review." Journal of Building Engineering, February 2023, 106061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106061.

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41

Sameer Khanna, Rohit Sah, Surendra Hooda, and Deepak Kaushik. "Water Proofing System in Concrete Structures." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, April 27, 2024, 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-17845.

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Water proof structure is a design concept that aims to repel water and prevent any moisture from seeping into the materials used in construction. This type of structure is particularly important in areas prone to heavy rainfall or flooding, as it helps maintain the integrity and durability of the building. Water proof concrete is formulated with additives and admixtures that create a barrier against water infiltration, making it ideal for areas prone to high levels of humidity or moisture. By incorporating this technology into construction projects, builders can ensure that their structures remain protected from the damaging effects of moisture, such as mold growth, deterioration of building materials, and potential structural issues. The use of abstract damp proof concrete represents a forward-thinking approach to building design and can greatly enhance the durability and longevity of a building.Crystalline admix water proofing with water stops, water proofing with Atactic Polypropylene membrane, and injection are the water proofing systems most commonly used in basements. Using non-shrinking cementitious grout for waterproofing, concrete must have crystalline admixtures made of cementitious powder and water. For toilets in non-sunken places, water proofing with an elastomeric cementitious coating is used. In sunken areas, brick jelly cement concrete with inherent water proofing compound is used.In this paper it deals with the different types of water proofing system..

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Wu, Zilong, Jun Zhang, Wei Xu, et al. "Development of cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing agents and durability study of concrete in the presence of chloride with sulfate in aqueous environment." Journal of Building Engineering, September 2023, 107798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107798.

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43

Li, Linghuan, Shibin Sun, Ronghua Zhuang, Bing Zhang, Zeyu Li, and Jianying Yu. "Preparation and performance of self-healing polymer cement-based waterproof coating with ion chelator." Pigment & Resin Technology, January 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-09-2023-0080.

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Purpose This study aims to develop a polymer cement-based waterproof coating with self-healing capability to efficiently and intelligently solve the building leakage caused by cracking of waterproof materials, along with excellent durability to prolong its service life. Design/methodology/approach Ion chelators are introduced into the composite system based on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion and ordinary Portland cement to prepare self-healing polymer cement-based waterproof coating. Hydration, microstructure, wettability, mechanical properties, durability, self-healing performance and self-healing products of polymer cement-based waterproof coating with ion chelator are investigated systematically. Meanwhile, the chemical composition of self-healing products in the crack was examined. Findings The results showed that ion chelators could motivate the hydration of C2S and C3S, as well as the formation of hydration products (C-S-H gel) of the waterproof coating to improve its compactness. Compared with the control group, the waterproof coating with ion chelator had more excellent water resistance, alkali resistance, thermal and UV aging resistance. When the dosage of ion chelator was 2%, after 28 days of curing, cracks with a width of 0.29 mm in waterproof coating could fully heal and cracks with a width of 0.50 mm could achieve a self-healing efficiency of 72%. Furthermore, the results reveal that the self-healing product in the crack was calcite crystalline CaCO3. Originality/value A novel ion chelator was introduced into the composite coating system to endow it with excellent self-healing ability to prolong its service life. It has huge application potential in the field of building waterproofing.

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Monrós, G., M. Llusar, J. Badenes, and R. Galindo. "Sol-Gel ceramic glazes with photocatalytic activity." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, April 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05787-z.

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AbstractA frit is a glassy ceramic composition that has been fused, quenched, and granulated. A single frit or a mixture of frits and ceramic materials forms a ceramic glaze. The purpose of this pre-fusion is to render any soluble and/or toxic components insoluble by rendering it inert in a glassy composition with silica and other added oxides. The ceramic glaze dispersed in water (ceramic slip) is deposited on a ceramic body and fired for waterproofing and aesthetic purposes. Multicomponent frits (zinc-potassium borosilicate system) with similar behavior to conventional ceramic frits for single-firing ceramic glazes (“monoporosa” glazes fired at 1080 °C) were prepared by Sol-Gel methods (monophasic and polyphasic gels) avoiding the pre-fusion and characterized as photocatalytic agents (showing high degradation activity on Orange II). The effect of doping with bandgap modifiers (V2O5, Sb2O5 and SnO2) and also with devitrification agents (ZrO2 to crystallize zircon, Al2O3 to anorthite, Mo2O3 to powellite and ZnO to gahnite ZnAl2O4) were analyzed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Crystalline waterproofing materials'

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