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Journal articles on the topic 'Crystals size'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Krause, Simon, Volodymyr Bon, Hongchu Du, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Ulrich Stoeck, Irena Senkovska, and Stefan Kaskel. "The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (August 20, 2019): 1737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.169.

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In this contribution we analyze the influence of adsorption cycling, crystal size, and temperature on the switching behavior of the flexible Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98. We observe a shift in the gate-opening pressure upon cycling of adsorption experiments for micrometer-sized crystals and assign this to a fragmentation of the crystals. In a series of samples, the average crystal size of DUT-98 crystals was varied from 120 µm to 50 nm and the obtained solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We
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2

Cheng, Zheng Dong, Min Shuai, Andres Mejia, Hua Wei Li, Zeng Kai Shi, Jiao Yan Ai, Wei Zhou, and Ying Chen. "Disk-Shaped Colloids: The Synthesis and Applications of ZrP Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.177.

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We performed systematic experiments on the synthesis of layered crystal α-ZrP and revealed the control of size, aspect ratio and size polydispersity of disk-shaped crystals. The growth of the disks is mediated by oriented attachment, taking place continuously throughout the hydrothermal treatment between various sized disks. The master of the synthesis of layered crystals will contribute to various applications such as the nanocomposites and liquid crystals.
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3

Sheridan, Lindsay M., Jerry Y. Harrington, Dennis Lamb, and Kara Sulia. "Influence of Ice Crystal Aspect Ratio on the Evolution of Ice Size Spectra during Vapor Depositional Growth." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 3732–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3113.1.

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Abstract The relationship among aspect ratio, initial size, and the evolution of the size spectrum is explored for ice crystals growing by vapor deposition. Ice crystal evolution is modeled based on the growth of spheroids, and the ice size spectrum is predicted using a model that is Lagrangian in crystal size and aspect ratio. A dependence of crystal aspect ratio on initial size is discerned: more exaggerated shapes are shown to result when the initial crystals are small, whereas more isometric shapes are found to result from initially large crystals. This result is due to the nature of the v
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4

Furuya, K., K. Matsuo, F. Munakata, Y. Akimune, J. Ye, Y. Yamamoto та I. Ishikawa. "Synthesis of large-size β–Si3N4 crystals". Journal of Materials Research 14, № 5 (травень 1999): 1690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0228.

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Large-sized β–Si3N4 crystals up to 10 mm in length and 0.3 mm in diameter with low impurity concentration are successfully grown from silicon melt in a nitrogen atmosphere. By controlling the concentration of impurities in the silicon melt, a new kind of β–Si3N4 crystal, that is, a transparent coloring one with an absorption edge around a wavelength of 520 nm, is obtained.
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5

Kim, Hyun Su, Su Kyung Kang, Haoxiang Zhang, Elsa Tsegay Tikue, Jin Hyung Lee, and Pyung Soo Lee. "Al-ZSM-5 Nanocrystal Catalysts Grown from Silicalite-1 Seeds for Methane Conversion." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020485.

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This study evaluated Al-ZSM-5 nanocrystals grown from silicalite-1 seed crystals as catalysts for the methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) reaction. Silicalite-1 seed crystals sized between 30 and 40 nm were used to grow Al-ZSM-5 under various synthesis conditions. The size of Al-ZSM-5 was significantly affected by the Si/Al ratio (SAR), synthesis time, and silica nutrients/seed crystal ratio (NSR). Larger crystals were obtained with an increased SAR in the synthesis sols. Gradual growth of Al-ZSM-5 occurred with synthesis time, although the growth in crystal size ceased at 5 h of synthesis at 1
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6

Kimura, Hideo, Masaru Sakamoto, Takenori Numazawa, Mitsunori Sato, and Hiroshi Maeda. "Crystal growth of large size Dy3Al5O12 Garnet single crystals." Journal of Crystal Growth 99, no. 1-4 (January 1990): 850–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(08)80039-5.

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7

Louis, Benoit, Aurélie Vicente, Christian Fernandez, and Valentin Valtchev. "Crystal Size–Acid Sites Relationship Study of Nano- and Micrometer-Sized Zeolite Crystals." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115, no. 38 (September 2, 2011): 18603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp204234d.

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8

Shtukenberg, Alexander, and Bart Kahr. "Twisted crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314097708.

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Modern reviews on crystal growth and defects in crystals overlook the fact that a significant portion of materials can spontaneously grow as single crystals with twisted and bent morphologies and curved crystal lattices. Twisted crystals can be found among all types of materials (molecular crystals, salts, minerals, high polymers, metals, and elements) crystallizing in any point and space group from all types of growth media (vapor, solution, gel, glass, melt, and solid state). Their size spans over more than six orders of magnitude ranging from nm where 3D character is equivocal, to cm or dm
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9

Bespalov, V. I. "Large-Size Monosectorial Crystal Elements for Powerful Laser Systems." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 06, no. 04 (December 1997): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863597000344.

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The potentialities of fabricating large-size monosectorial crystals for powerful laser systems are discussed. Two types of technologies used for high-rate growth of profiled crystals and some results attained in crystal growth in the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Science are described briefly. It is concluded that the growth technique developed may be used for producing large-size optical elements (about 400 × 400 mm2) for laser systems intended for nuclear fusion experiments.
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10

Setasuwon, Paisan, and S. Kijamnajsak. "Effects of Starting Materials on Molten Salt Synthesis of Bi4Ti3O12." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.165.

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Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 is one of the potential candidates for non-lead piezoelectric materials to replace existing lead-based ones. Properties of BNT could be enhanced by reactive templated grain growth (RTGG) technique through induction of grain orientation with crystals of Bi4Ti3O12. Controlling the size of Bi4Ti3O12 crystals during the synthesis with molten salt is a major factor in optimizing RTGG. It was found that molten salt synthesis of Bi4Ti3O12 crystals with NaCl-KCl yielded larger particles, compared with Na2SO4-3K2SO4. Varying the proportion of chloride salt did not produce noticeable chan
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11

Gualda, Guilherme A. R., David L. Cook, Rahul Chopra, Liping Qin, Alfred T. Anderson, and Mark Rivers. "Fragmentation, nucleation and migration of crystals and bubbles in the Bishop Tuff rhyolitic magma." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 95, no. 1-2 (March 2004): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300001139.

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ABSTRACTThe Bishop Tuff (USA) is a large-volume, high-silica pyroclastic rhyolite. Five pumice clasts from three early stratigraphic units were studied. Size distributions were obtained using three approaches: (1) crushing, sieving and winnowing (reliable for crystals >100 μm); (2) microscopy of ∼1 mm3 fragments (preferable for crystals <100 μm); and (3) computerised X-ray microtomography of ∼1 cm3 pumice pieces.Phenocryst fragments coated with glass are common, and the size distributions for all crystals are concave-upward, indicating that crystal fragmentation is an important magmatic
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12

Kärcher, B., A. Dörnbrack, and I. Sölch. "Supersaturation Variability and Cirrus Ice Crystal Size Distributions." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 8 (July 23, 2014): 2905–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0404.1.

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Abstract Small-scale dynamical variability affects atmospheric supersaturation and therefore the development of ice clouds via uptake of water vapor on ice crystals. This variability and its implications for ice growth are difficult to capture experimentally and theoretically. By interpreting supersaturation as a stochastic variable, the authors examine the average temporal behavior of, and the link between, supersaturation fluctuations and ice crystal size distributions in upper-tropospheric cirrus clouds. The authors classify cirrus types according to their ability to dampen supersaturation
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13

MATSUI, A. H., M. TAKESHIMA, K. MIZUNO, and T. AOKI-MATSUMOTO. "PHOTOPHYSICAL OVERVIEW OF EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER IN ORGANIC MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES — A ROUTE TO STUDY BIO-MOLECULAR ARRAYS —." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 28n30 (December 10, 2001): 3857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201008846.

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Excitonic processes in organic molecular crystals are discussed in terms of two parameters, the crystal size and the constituent molecule size. From the luminescence and absorption spectra of a series of aromatic molecular crystals we find a systematic change in exciton energy transport as functions of the size of crystal and its constituent molecule size. Characteristic features of bulk crystals and microcrystallites are as follows. (1) In bulk crystals exciton energy transport depends on the constituent molecule size. When molecules are small, the exciton energy transport occurs by free exci
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14

Etschmann, Barbara, and Nobuo Ishizawa. "A synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of a small congruent LiNbO3 crystal: A compatible approach to powder diffraction." Powder Diffraction 16, no. 2 (June 2001): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1365124.

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Single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected and refined for congruent lithium niobate crystals 8 and 6 μm in diameter, sizes that are comparable to the size of the powder particles used in powder diffraction. The motivation for using such small crystals is to minimize problems such as extinction, which decrease with crystal size. The R/wR factors were 0.011/0.014 and 0.019/0.018, for the 8 and 6 μm data, respectively, and the goodness of fit factors were 2.3(1) and 1.63(8), which compare favorably with values obtained from previous powder and single-crystal diffracti
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15

Klinkhammer, Barbara Mara, Sonja Djudjaj, Uta Kunter, Runolfur Palsson, Vidar Orn Edvardsson, Thorsten Wiech, Margret Thorsteinsdottir, et al. "Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Injury in 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Nephropathy." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 31, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 799–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2019080827.

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BackgroundHereditary deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase causes 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) nephropathy, a rare condition characterized by formation of 2,8-DHA crystals within renal tubules. Clinical relevance of rodent models of 2,8-DHA crystal nephropathy induced by excessive adenine intake is unknown.MethodsUsing animal models and patient kidney biopsies, we assessed the pathogenic sequelae of 2,8-DHA crystal-induced kidney damage. We also used knockout mice to investigate the role of TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2), CD44, or alpha2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), all of whic
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16

Lee, Chang Kyu, Jong Sung Kwon, In Chul Na, Byung Il Han, Young Min Kim, and Jea Gun Park. "Dependency of Electrical Characteristics on Au Nano-Crystal Size for Non-Volatile Memory Fabricated with Au Nano-Crystal Embedded in PVK(Poly(N-Vinylcarbazole)) Layer." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.33.

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We demonstrated a nonvolatile memory fabricated with the sandwich device structure of Al/Au nano-crystals embedded in the PVK/Al. The bi-stable conduction switching characteristic (Ion/Ioff ratio) was >1x102, depending on Au nano-crystal size. The size and distribution of Au nano-crystals were determined by the inserted Au-layer thickness between PVK layers. The size of Au nano-crystals increased with the inserted Au-layer thickness. The uniform distribution of isolated Au nano-crystals was obtained with 5 nm of the inserted Au-layer thickness.
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17

K Schmidt, Karen Guldbæ, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen. "An ice crystal model for Jupiter’s moon Europa." Annals of Glaciology 37 (2003): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781815735.

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AbstractA simple model for crystal growth in the ice shell of Europa has been made in order to estimate the size of ice crystals at Europa’s surface. If mass is lost from the surface of Europa due to sputtering processes, and the ice thickness is constant in time, ice crystals will be transported upwards in the ice shell. The crystals will therefore grow under varying conditions through the shell. The model predicts that ice crystals are 4 cm– 80 m across at the surface. For the preferred parameter values, a crystal size of the order of 7 m is calculated.
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18

Kreiliger, Thomas, Marco Mauceri, Marco Puglisi, Fulvio Mancarella, Francesco La Via, Danilo Crippa, Wlodek Kaplan, et al. "3C-SiC Epitaxy on Deeply Patterned Si(111) Substrates." Materials Science Forum 858 (May 2016): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.151.

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The growth morphology of epitaxial 3C-SiC crystals grown on hexagonal pillars deeply etched into Si (111) substrates is presented. Different growth velocities of side facets let the top crystal facet evolve from hexagonal towards triangular shape during growth. The lateral size and separation between Si pillars determine the onset of fusion between neighboring crystals during growth at a height tailoring of which is crucial to reduce the stacking fault (SF) density of the coalesced surface. Intermediate partial fusion of neighboring crystals is shown as well as a surface of fully coalesced cry
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19

Nave, Colin. "Matching X-ray source, optics and detectors to protein crystallography requirements." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 55, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 1663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444999008380.

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A review of the requirements for collecting X-ray diffraction data from protein crystals is given, with an emphasis on the properties of the crystal and its diffraction pattern. The size, unit-cell dimensions and perfection of the crystals can all be related to the required size and divergence of the incident X-ray beam, together with the size and spatial resolution of the detector. The X-ray beam causes primary radiation damage, even in frozen crystals. If the incident beam is very intense, temperature rises and gradients could occur in the crystal. The extent to which these problems can be o
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20

Liu, Botao, Yue Yu, Xia Tang, and Bing Gao. "Improvement of Growth Interface Stability for 4-Inch Silicon Carbide Crystal Growth in TSSG." Crystals 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120653.

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The growth interface instability of large-size SiC growth in top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) is a bottleneck for industrial production. The authors have previously simulated the growth of 4-inch SiC crystals and found that the interface instability in TSSG was greatly affected by the flow field. According to our simulation of the flow field, we proposed a new stepped structure that greatly improved the interface stability of large-size crystal growth. This stepped structure provides a good reference for the growth of large-sized SiC crystals by TSSG in the future.
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21

Schlenczek, Oliver, Jacob P. Fugal, Gary Lloyd, Keith N. Bower, Thomas W. Choularton, Michael Flynn, Jonathan Crosier, and Stephan Borrmann. "Microphysical Properties of Ice Crystal Precipitation and Surface-Generated Ice Crystals in a High Alpine Environment in Switzerland." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 2 (February 2017): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0060.1.

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AbstractDuring the Cloud and Aerosol Characterization Experiment (CLACE) 2013 field campaign at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, optically thin pure ice clouds and ice crystal precipitation were measured using holographic and other in situ particle instruments. For cloud particles, particle images, positions in space, concentrations, and size distributions were obtained, allowing one to extract size distributions classified by ice crystal habit. Small ice crystals occurring under conditions with a vertically thin cloud layer above and a stratocumulus layer approxim
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22

Garrett, T. J., M. B. Kimball, G. G. Mace, and D. G. Baumgardner. "Observing cirrus halos to constrain in-situ measurements of ice crystal size." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 1 (January 26, 2007): 1295–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-1295-2007.

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Abstract. In this study, characteristic optical sizes of ice crystals in synoptic cirrus are determined using airborne measurements of ice crystal size distributions, optical extinction and water content. The measurements are compared with coincident visual observations of ice cloud optical phenomena, in particular the 22° and 46° halos. In general, the scattering profiles derived from the in-situ cloud probe measurements are consistent with the observed halo characteristics. It is argued that this implies that the measured ice crystals were small, probably with characteristic optical radii be
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23

Machatschek, Rainhard, Patrick Ortmann, Renate Reiter, Stefan Mecking, and Günter Reiter. "Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (June 2, 2016): 784–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.70.

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We have investigated the potential of polymers containing precisely spaced side-branches for thin film applications, particularly in the context of organic electronics. Upon crystallization, the side-branches were excluded from the crystalline core of a lamellar crystal. Thus, the surfaces of these crystals were covered by side-branches. By using carboxyl groups as side-branches, which allow for chemical reactions, we could functionalize the crystal with semiconducting molecules. Here, we compare properties of crystals differing in size: small nanocrystals and large single crystals. By assembl
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Lie, Guang Hua, Zhi Lie Tang, Gan Wen Lie, Ting Yang, Xiu Wen Tang, and Le Xi Shao. "Measure of the Optical Properties of Semiconductor Pb3O4 Nano-Crystalline of Using Photo-Acoustic Technology." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.246.

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The application of new single-beam normalized photo-acoustic spectroscopy in semiconductor Pb3O4 nano-crystals photo-acoustic spectroscopy was carried out. The measured spectra of semiconductor Pb3O4 nano-crystals absorption coefficient of 0.95, and then measured the semiconductor Pb3O4 nano-crystals powders band gap is 2.3 . The TEM image shows the semiconductor Pb3O4 nano-crystals are round granular structure, while the XRD spectrum indicates that the semiconductor Pb3O4 nano-crystals are tetragonal. The grain size measured to be about 30nm, and the average particle size after the reunion is
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Lie, Guang Hua, Zhi Lie Tang, Gan Wen Lie, Ting Yang, and Xiu Wen Tang. "Measure of the Optical and Electrical Properties of Semiconductor SiO2 Nano-Crystalline by Using Photo-Acoustic Technology." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 2156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.2156.

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By using a new type of single-beam normalized photo-acoustic spectroscopy that with weak signal detection and non-invasive testing, the photo-acoustic spectroscopy of semiconductor SiO2 nano-crystals was measured，the measured spectra of semiconductor SiO2 nano-crystals absorption coefficient was 0.20, and powders band gap is 3.4eV. The TEM image shows that the semiconductor SiO2 nano-crystals are round lump structure, while the grain size of the semiconductor SiO2 nano-crystals is about 70x200 nm, and the average particle size after the reunion is 100x300 nm. Compared with their micron crystal
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26

Bowick, M. J. "Spherical crystals." Journal de Physique IV 12, no. 9 (November 2002): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020399.

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The structure of condensed matter order may change when the medium is curved. This is illustrated for the case of spherical crystals formed by self-assembled colloidal beads on water droplets in oil. Beyond a minimum crystal size novel grain boundary scars proliferate in the ground state.
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27

Ando, Shinji, Katsuhiro Oyabu, Kousei Hirayama, Masayuki Tsushida, and Hideki Tonda. "Crack Propagation Behavior in Nano Size HCP Crystals by Molecular Dynamic Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.280.

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A crack propagation behavior of hcp crystal has been simulated by molecular dynamics method using Lennard-Jones type potential. A notch was introduced to model crystals with free surfaces. The size of the model was 13nm×24nm×4.6nm and about 80000 atoms were included in the model. A crack propagated by applying tensile strain on top and bottom layer of the model crystal. A definite dependence of crystallographic orientation on crack propagation behavior was obtained. In a model crystal with initial notch plane and direction were (101 0), [1 210], the crack propagated parallel to notch plane and
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Miura, Sei, Yoshito Nishimura, and Nagato Ono. "Sub-Grain Size and Hall-Petch Relation in Pure Copper Single Crystals." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.29.

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The effect of sub-grain on the yield stress of pure copper single crystals with the [253] orientation was investigated by using the etch pit technique. The single crystal plates were successfully prepared from the seed crystals, which were produced at the melting temperature of 1473 K by the Bridgeman method. The present investigation confirmed the Hall-Petch relation concerning the effect of sub-grain boundaries on the macroscopic yielding of pure copper. The result derived from the extrapolation of the relationship of critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) and the initial dislocation density
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29

Antara, I. Nyoman Gde, K. I. Made Gatot, I. Made Budiana, and Dae Kue Choi. "Morphological Analyses and Crystalline Structures of Anodic TiO2 Thin Film on Ti6Al4V Alloy Using Phosphate and Calcium Containing Electrolyte under Different Voltage and Calcium Molarity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 776 (July 2015): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.215.

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This study was aimed at evaluating morphological and crystalline structures of anodic and hydrothermal titanium oxide thin films formed on Ti6Al4V alloy in a mixture of glycerol phosphate disodium salt (GP) and calcium acetate (CA) solution at various forming environments such as CA molarity and applied voltage. Anodic oxide films were hydrothermally treated and their morphological surfaces, crystal structures and chemical compositions were characterized. It was found that TiO2film was formed in all surfaces of Ti6Al4V alloy specimen with porous and rough morphology and the crystal structures
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Bély, Miklós, and Ágnes Apáthy. "Mönckeberg’s sclerosis – crystal induced angiopathy." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 23 (June 2013): 908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29628.

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Introduction: Mönckeberg’s sclerosis is a special form of arteriosclerosis characterized by calcification and ossification of the media of medium size arteries mainly of lower extremities. Aims: The aim of the authors was to examine medium size arteries with Mönckeberg’s sclerosis in 22 amputated lower legs of 16 patients in order to demonstrate different crystals in the wall of blood vessels. Methods: The methodology was based on previous findings of the authors indicating that in different metabolic disorders many crystals remain demonstrable in unstained histological sections unlike in haem
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31

Zou, Yu, and Ralph Spolenak. "Size-dependent plasticity in micron- and submicron-sized ionic crystals." Philosophical Magazine Letters 93, no. 7 (July 2013): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2013.797616.

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32

NG, Felix, and T. H. Jacka. "A model of crystal-size evolution in polar ice masses." Journal of Glaciology 60, no. 221 (2014): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014jog13j173.

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AbstractIn the deep ice cores drilled at the GRIP, NGRIP and GISP2 sites in Greenland and at Byrd Station and the summit of Law Dome in Antarctica, the mean crystal size increases with depth in the shallow subsurface and reaches steady values at intermediate depth. This behaviour has been attributed to the competition between grain-boundary migration driven crystal growth and crystal polygonization, but the effects of changing crystal dislocation density and non-equiaxed crystal shape in this competition are uncertain. We study these effects with a simple model. It describes how the mean heigh
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33

Tang, Xia, Botao Liu, Yue Yu, Sheng Liu та Bing Gao. "Numerical Analysis of Difficulties of Growing Large-Size Bulk β-Ga2O3 Single Crystals with the Czochralski Method". Crystals 11, № 1 (30 грудня 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11010025.

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The difficulties in growing large-size bulk β-Ga2O3 single crystals with the Czochralski method were numerically analyzed. The flow and temperature fields for crystals that were four and six inches in diameter were studied. When the crystal diameter is large and the crucible space becomes small, the flow field near the crystal edge becomes poorly controlled, which results in an unreasonable temperature field, which makes the interface velocity very sensitive to the phase boundary shape. The effect of seed rotation with increasing crystal diameter was also studied. With the increase in crystal
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34

Kusuma, Hamdan Hadi, Zuhairi Ibrahim, and Zulkafli Othaman. "Estimation of Crystallite Size, Density, and Compositional of the Ti: Al2O3 Single Crystal." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v9i2.7207.

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The purposes of this research were to estimate the crystallite size, density, and chemical composition of the ingot Ti: Al2O3 crystal grown by the Czochralski method. The crystallite size and composition of Ti: Al2O3 crystals had been determined using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Based on the Archimedes principle, the density of the crystals had been determined. The XRD patterns showed a single central peak with high intensity for all samples. It indicated that all samples had a single crystal. The average value of the samples' crystallite size was i
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35

Kajikawa, Masahiro. "Structure and Falling Motion of Early Snowflakes." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-269-271.

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Relations between the structure and falling motion of early snowflakes, ie those composed of a few crystals, were investigated to clarify their growth process.The following results were obtained: (1) Two crystals of the same shape in a snowflake are similar in size, but those of different shape are considerably different in size. (2) In snowflakes having two crystals of the same shape, one crystal is attached near the center of the other; where the two are of different shapes, a smaller crystal is attached near the tip of the other. (3) The nondimensional amplitude of the spiral falling motion
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Kajikawa, Masahiro. "Structure and Falling Motion of Early Snowflakes." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500010582.

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Relations between the structure and falling motion of early snowflakes, ie those composed of a few crystals, were investigated to clarify their growth process. The following results were obtained: (1) Two crystals of the same shape in a snowflake are similar in size, but those of different shape are considerably different in size. (2) In snowflakes having two crystals of the same shape, one crystal is attached near the center of the other; where the two are of different shapes, a smaller crystal is attached near the tip of the other. (3) The nondimensional amplitude of the spiral falling motio
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37

Maravić, Nikola, Zita Šereš, Jovana Petrović, Ljubica Dokić, Dragana Š. Simović, Miljana Djordjević, Marijana Djordjević, and Ivana Nikolić. "Physico-Chemical Characteristics of White Sugar Fractions Separated by Crystal Sizes." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2016.2.42-48.

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According to the EU Council Directive 2001/111/EC, related to certain sugars intended for human consumption, a great attention is paid to color in sugar. On the other hand, the non-sucrose compounds having intensive color tend to build into the sucrose crystals. Since Serbia has to work on the new rules concerned sugar quality and harmonization with EU standards, some investigations on sugar crystals are carried out at the request of some sugar factories. Investigations are carried out on sugar crystal size dependence on sugar color and on dissolution rate of different sugar crystal size fract
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38

Lonergan, C. E., K. Akinloye-Brown, J. Rice, V. Gervasio, N. Canfield, M. J. Schweiger, and J. D. Vienna. "Micron-sized spinel crystals in high level waste glass compositions: Determination of crystal size and crystal fraction." Journal of Nuclear Materials 514 (February 2019): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.11.039.

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39

Kim, Ik Jin, Hae Jin Lee, and Panagiotis Tsiakaras. "Effects of Seeding on Large Crystal Growth of NaX Zeolite by Continuous Crystallisation." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.861.

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The problem with zeolite crystals synthesized by conventional method is that they are extremely small of two to eight microns, To better define the structure of zeolite, scientist need to grow crystal that are 100 to 1000 times larger. In this work, Large crystal zeolite X of uniform crystal size of 50µm were grown by a continuous crystallization method from seed crystals (5-10µm) in a mother solution having a composition 3.5Na2O : Al2O3 : 2.1SiO2 : 1000H2O. In order to grow crystals of zeolite X to an appropriate size by the continuous method, the mother solution was supplied into the startin
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40

HASHIMOTO, Shinobu, and Akira YAMAGUCHI. "Size Control of Spherical Leucite Crystals." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 110, no. 1277 (2002): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.110.27.

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41

HUSSEIN, M., U. BORG, C. NIORDSON, and V. DESHPANDE. "Plasticity size effects in voided crystals." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 56, no. 1 (January 2008): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2007.05.004.

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42

Bingrong, Huang, Su Genbo, and He Youping. "Growth of large size urea crystals." Journal of Crystal Growth 102, no. 4 (June 1990): 762–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(90)90839-d.

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43

Gavrilyachenko, V. G., V. D. Komarov, E. G. Fesenko, and A. V. Leiderman. "Size effect in isometric PbTiO3 crystals." Physics of the Solid State 40, no. 8 (August 1998): 1402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1130568.

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44

Rylov, V. L., V. Z. Poilov, and S. A. Amirova. "Potassium chloride crystals' industrial size enlargement." Crystal Research and Technology 23, no. 6 (June 1988): K100—K103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170230626.

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45

Kuznetsov, V. A., A. G. Lipson, V. A. Klyuev, D. M. Sakov, Yu P. Toporov, and Yu S. Simakov. "Size reduction of metal-halide crystals." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science 38, no. 7 (July 1989): 1340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00978413.

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46

Chen, Wen-Hao, Zuo-Yan Qin, Xu-Yong Tian, Xu-Hui Zhong, Zhen-Hua Sun, Bai-Kui Li, Rui-Sheng Zheng, Yuan Guo, and Hong-Lei Wu. "The Physical Vapor Transport Method for Bulk AlN Crystal Growth." Molecules 24, no. 8 (April 19, 2019): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081562.

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In this report, the development of physical vapor transport (PVT) methods for bulk aluminum nitride (AlN) crystal growth is reviewed. Three modified PVT methods with different features including selected growth at a conical zone, freestanding growth on a perforated sheet, and nucleation control with an inverse temperature gradient are discussed and compared in terms of the size and quality of the bulk AlN crystals they can produce as well as the process complexity. The PVT method with an inverse temperature gradient is able to significantly reduce the nucleation rate and realize the dominant g
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47

Mat Shaari, Nurul Elyni, Deny Susanti, and Shafida Abd Hamid. "Essential Oils from the Leaves of Ocimum Basilicum L., Persicaria Odorata and Coriandrum Sativum L. In Malaysia: Antiurolithic Activity Study Based On Calcium Oxalate Crystallisation." Science Letters 15, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v15i2.13809.

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Calcium oxalate is one of the most common components in urolithiasis. Its treatment includes the use of synthetic drugs, ultrasound and surgery. However, cheaper alternative treatment using herbal medicine with less adverse side effect is preferred. Essential oils from Thai basil (Ocimum bacilicum L.), Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata) and Chinese parsley (Coriandum sativum L.) were extracted and investigated for antiurolithic activity based on calcium oxalate crystallisation. Most of the crystals formed in control sample were hexagonal calcium oxalate monohydrate with sizes ranging be
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48

Gerber, H., and P. J. DeMott. "Response of FSSP-100 and PVM-100A to Small Ice Crystals." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 2145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00228.1.

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Abstract Correction factors Cf are derived for ice-crystal volume and effective radius Re, measured by Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) and Particulate Volume Monitor (PVM) that are known to overestimate both parameters for nonspherical particles. Correction factors are based on ice-crystal volume and the projected area of randomly oriented model ice crystals with column, rosette, capped-column, and dendrite habits described by Takano and Liou. In addition, Cf are calculated for oblate and prolate spheroids. To test Cf, both probes are compared to small, predominately solid hexagon
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49

Carter, Daniel C., Percy Rhodes, Duncan E. McRee, Leslie W. Tari, Douglas R. Dougan, Gyorgy Snell, Enrique Abola, and Raymond C. Stevens. "Reduction in diffuso-convective disturbances in nanovolume protein crystallization experiments." Journal of Applied Crystallography 38, no. 1 (January 19, 2005): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889804028055.

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Preliminary studies suggest that protein crystallization experiments using nanoliter-volume protein crystallization droplets may produce equal or better quality protein crystals compared with those grown using microliter volumes, and sometimes produce crystals in nanoliter volumes when microliter volumes are unable to produce diffraction-quality crystals. Computations and numerical modelling studies were performed to compare the influence of solutal convective disturbances around growing crystals and different drop volumes. These studies suggest that both crystal size and drop size contribute
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50

Guidi, Vincenzo, Valerio Bellucci, Riccardo Camattari, and Ilaria Neri. "Proposal for a Laue lens with quasi-mosaic crystalline tiles." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 6 (October 4, 2011): 1255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889811035709.

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Quasi-mosaicity is an effect of secondary bending within a crystal driven by crystalline anisotropy. This effect can be used to fabricate a series of curved crystals for the realization of a Laue lens. It is highlighted that crystals bent by the quasi-mosaic effect allow very high resolution focusing with respect to mosaic crystals. Under the same conditions for energy passband, crystal size and flux of incident photons, a Laue lens based on quasi-mosaic crystals would increase the signal-to-noise ratio by about an order of magnitude compared to the same lens with mosaic crystals. Moreover, no
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