To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: CSA.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CSA'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'CSA.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Křivková, Michaela. "CSA v České Republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201706.
Full textAbstract:
Community supported agriculture is an alternative food system based on a cooperation between farmers and consumers who socially interact in a community. It was settled in the USA and spread all over the world while changing and evolving its form, although it is a grassroots movement grown from the anthroposofical background in the Europe. A couple of years ago it came to the Czech Republic and now it seeks its own individuality and circumstances which support its livelihood. Which criteria are crucial for thriving CSA in Czech is a key point of this paper.
2
Jolly, Martyn. "Fake photographs making truths in photography /." Click here for electronic access to document: http://www.anu.edu.au/ITA/CSA/photomedia/ph_d.pdf, 2003. http://www.anu.edu.au/ITA/CSA/photomedia/ph_d.pdf.
Full text
3
Bengtz, Gustaf. "Analysis of new and alternative encryption algorithms and scrambling methods for digital-tv and implementation of a new scrambling algorithm (AES128) on FPGA." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för systemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111112.
Full textAbstract:
This report adresses why the currently used scrambling standard CSA needs a replacement. Proposed replacements to CSA are analyzed to some extent, and an alternative replacement (AES128) is analyzed. One alternative being the CSA3, and the other being the CISSA algorithm. Both of the proposed algorithms use the AES algorithm as a base. The CSA3 combines AES128 with a secret cipher, the XRC, while CISSA uses the AES cipher in a feedback mode. The different utilizations makes CSA3 hardware friendly and CISSA software friendly. The implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is analyzed for a 128 bit key length based design, and a specific implementation is presented.
4
Skinner, Christine Bridget Edgar. "The financial obligations of non-resident fathers and the implications for social policy." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9796/.
Full text
5
Skerlj, Peter Felix. "A critical assessment of the driving-rain wind pressures used in CSA standard CAN/CSA-A440-M90." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39885.pdf.
Full text
6
Achuo, George. "Partner satisfaction and renewal likelihood in consumer supported agriculture (CSA) : a case study of The Equiterre CSA network." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19555.
Full text
7
Webster, L. M. "The effect of Cyclosporin A on delayed-type hypersensitivity to a tolerogenic dose of Xenogeneic erythrocytesin the mouse." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382973.
Full textAbstract:
When administered to mice, by various routes, two days before immunization with a tolerogenic dose (109) of sheep red blood cells, the immunosuppressive drug Cyclosporin A (CsA) prevents the suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. This was observed over a wide range of CsA doses (5-200 mg/kg), given, in a single dose, from a week before immunization to a day after, and with circulating CsA levels ranging below 45 ng/ml at the time of sensitization or challenge. The augmentation of DTH was characterized by induration, intense mononuclear cell infiltration, increased deposition of 125I-fibrin within the challenge site and was also reflected in in vitro assays of DTH. Cell transfer experiments showed that the CsA-enhanced DTH could be adoptively transferred to naive recipients, and suggested that CsA may be acting to inhibit a population of Ts cells normally effective during DTH, or to allow TH/TDTH cell priming. In addition, an increase in L3T4+ cells (TH/TDTH) was observed in the CsA-treated mice showing the break in suppression of DTH, suggesting that CsA allowed TH/TDTH cell priming. The augmented DTH reactions in CsA-treated mice were accompanied by profound inhibition of the production of splenic IgM antibody-producing cells and circulating anti-SRBC antibody levels. CsA was also shown to increase basal and mitogen-induced splenic macrophage procoagulant activity. These observations indicate that this model could prove useful in separation and study of cell-mediated and humoural immunity. In addition, they have important cautionary implications for the continuing investigation of the clinical potential of CsA.
8
Ah, Hing Antoinette Danielle. "The impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) on the school life experiences and academic performance of adult CSA survivors." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1259.
Full textAbstract:
Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is a societal problem whose origins date back to the times of the ancient Greeks and Romans. It is found in all levels of society, from the wealthiest to the poorest; and the short-term and long-term impacts it has on the lives of the victims, can be devastating. There are many reasons for the occurrence of child sexual abuse, but in all cases, the ultimate accountability rests on the shoulders of the sexual offender. The nature of child sexual victimisation varies from verbal suggestions to violent physical force. Irrespective of which type the child is being subjected to, as the weaker partner in the pedagogical relationship with the adult, s/he is never able to defend herself/himself. The global phenomenon, and the increase in CSA, has given rise to the research question, namely: How does child sexual abuse impact on the school life experiences and academic performance of learners at school? The purpose of this research study was to provide insight into the following issues: • The nature and identification of the symptoms of child sexual abuse; • The manner in which sexually abused children manifest their experiences of sexual abuse at school; • How sexually abused children cope with their learning tasks; and • Recommendations for educators. The literature relating to CSA was reviewed, with the aim of establishing a solid theoretical foundation for the study. CSA has been looked at holistically, encompassing the accepted definitions, the related concepts, the nature of sexual abuse, the prevalence and incidence of CSA, the possible causes, the short-term and long-term impacts, and the suggestions by adult survivors for use by educators in their efforts to help abused learners. 11 In an attempt to provide acceptable answers to the research problem, a mixed- method research design was implemented. The research study was conducted in two phases: Stage 1 consisted of an exploration of the research problem by means of the following question put to the participants: In your experience as an adult survivor of child sexual abuse how did the abuse impact on your school life experiences, including your academic performance? A total of nineteen participants from the Eastern Cape Province shared their experiences, by means of writing their life story as a narrative. Purposive and availability sampling of adult survivors was undertaken. In order to ensure the trustworthiness and authenticity of the research methodology, Guba’s model of data verification was used. Accepted ethical measures were taken into consideration and adhered to during the research. The analysed data were taken directly from the narratives that the individual participants saved onto flashdrives. Consensus by the researcher and coder was reached regarding the identification of themes, categories and subcategories. The following four significant themes emerged, based on the results of the data analysis: Theme One: Health, sexuality and the sexual experiences of sexual abused children and adolescents. Theme Two: The social development of sexually abused children and adolescents. Theme Three: School-related experiences and academic performance of sexually abused children and adolescents. Theme Four: Advice and suggestions from adult survivors for young victims of CSA. 12 Stage 2 offered recommendations to the teachers of learners who are, or have been sexually abused, derived from the findings of Phase 1. The conclusion was reached that CSA does have an impact on the academic performance of learners. Therefore, teachers are in need of a greater understanding and awareness of CSA, in order to help these learners.
9
Hyatt, Kevin D., and Stacey L. Williams. "Disclosure of CSA and Social Relationship Quality Among College Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8122.
Full textAbstract:
Research on traumatic experiences has focused on disclosure to social networks. Among these findings, disclosure was lower for individuals at risk for PTSD than the general population, and the amount of disclosure depended on the person to whom the individual disclosed. Social support can be related to fewer psychological problems such as PTSD. In this way the understanding of disclosure, and its predictors and consequences become especially relevant. This current study examines disclosure of Childhood Sexual Assault (CSA) experiences among college students and perceived quality of their current relationships (i.e., whether there is someone they can confide in about personal problems or feelings without holding back). As disclosures occur primarily to create and maintain social bonds (Fivush, Bohanek,Robertson, & Duke; 2004), disclosure may lead to greater intimacy. Or, individuals may disclose because they already have quality relationships. Participants were identified from a sample of 654 college students attending a Southeastern university and who completed an online survey. From this sample 44 (6.73%) had experienced CSA (Finkelhor). Of these, 18 had disclosed their experiences, and 39 indicated having a confiding relationship with someone in their lives. Other findings indicated that although 75% of those without a confiding relationship were from the group that had not disclosed, disclosure may not directly relate to the level of quality of relationship (as defined by confiding). Specifically, of those who did not disclose, the large majority (88.5%) indicated having a confiding relationship. And, of those who had at least one confiding relationship, only 41 percent had disclosed their CSA. Future research may look at other indicators of quality in relationships and how they relate to disclosure. Moreover, future studies might explore how disclosure does or does not affect the relationship quality with specific social network members.
10
Bennett, Courtney Field. "Reevaluating the community-building potential of community supported agriculture (CSA) a case study of the Washington State University CSA program /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/c_bennett_062909.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in environmental science)--Washington State University, August 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 5, 2009). "School of Earth and Environmental Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-154).
11
Das, Alpana. "CSA, revictimization, and dissociation: a meta-analysis investigation." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40677.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past decade, research attempts have been made to clarify the relationship between female child sexual abuse (CSA) and dissociation and furthermore, its impact on sexual revictimization. However, these research efforts have yielded mixed findings, which have left the role of dissociation to still remain unclear. Indeed, there has been an upsurge of research literature questioning the role of dissociation within revictimization frameworks, and moreover, whether dissociation should be further researched or dropped from further analysis. Accordingly, the objective was set out to better understand the link between dissociation, CSA and revictimization. As a result, this study was aimed at informing potential revisions to the role of dissociation, by utilizing a meta-analysis technique and comparing dissociation scores of both revictimized and non- revictimized women subsequent to CSA. Following Lipsey & Wilson’s (2001) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search identified 8 eligible studies, both from published and unpublished sources, appearing in the literature from 1987 to 2007. Fixed effects analyses, incorporating a hedges g unbiased method indicated associations between dissociation, CSA and revictimization, by establishing a moderate effect size (d=0.38). These meta-analytic findings suggest that among CSA survivors, dissociation is associated with sexual revictimization in women. Furthermore, this thesis supports that dissociation should be reconsidered as a possible mediator, along with other psychological and systemic factors, which contribute to the sexual revictimization process in women subsequent to CSA.Au cours de cette dernière décennie, des recherches ont tenté de clarifier le rapport entre l’agression sexuelle (AS) vécue par les filles durant leur enfance et les symptômes de dissociation, ainsi que son impact sur la revictimisation sexuelle. Cependant, ces efforts ont donné des résultats mitigés, ce qui explique jusqu'à date le rôle ambigu de la dissociation. Conséquemment, il y a eu une forte augmentation des recherches mettant en question le rôle de la dissociation dans le cadre de la revictimisation, et de plus, si la dissociation devrait être recherchée davantage ou exclue des analyses subséquentes. Dans cette lignée, l’objectif de la présente recherche était d’avoir une meilleure compréhension du lien entre la dissociation, l’AS durant l’enfance et la revictimisation. Cette étude visait à faire part de toutes révisions éventuelles du rôle de la dissociation, en utilisant une technique de méta-analyse et en comparant les scores de dissociation chez les femmes ayant subi une AS durant leur enfance et qui ont vécu une AS à nouveau à l’âge adulte de celles qui ne l’ont pas revécue. Suivant les directives de Lipsey et Wilson (2001), une recension systématique des écrits a identifié 8 études éligibles provenant de sources publiées et non-publiées, figurant dans la période des années 1987 à 2007. Des analyses d’effets fixes, incorporant le g de Hedges, une méthode non biaisée, ont démontré, par le résultat d’une ampleur d’effet modérée (d=0.38), que la dissociation, l’AS durant l’enfance et la revictimisation sont liées. Ces résultats de méta-analyse suggèrent que, parmi les survivants d’AS durant l’enfance, la dissociation est associée à la revictimisation sexuelle chez les femmes. En outre, cette thèse soutient la position que la dissociation devrait être reconsidérée comme médiateur possible au même titre que d’autres facteurs psychologiques et systémiques, dans la$
12
Hébrard, Patrick. "Communications dans le systeme distribue oriente objet csa." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066543.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif du projet csa (communication system architecture) est de fournir un environnement de programmation objet pour le developpement d'applications distribuees; ceci grace a un ensemble de machines objets permettant la communication entre systemes heterogenes. Cette these presente l'etude, le developpement et l'originalite des protocoles de communication necessaires a un tel systeme. Apres une presentation generale du projet, ou nous avons mis en evidence les particularites de l'architecture du systeme, nous avons expose l'etude des protocoles de la famille arpanet (tcp, udp, ip) qui sevent de base de communication au sein du projet. Nous avons ensuite presente les protocoles de communication specifiques a csa. En particulier, nous avons expose la mise en uvre d'un protocole de transfert de donnees fiable, d'un protocole d'interconnexion entre ethernet et transpac (x25) ainsi que l'utilisation de la syntaxe asn1 pour la communication entre machines heterogenes. Nous avons conclu par les enseignements a tirer du projet csa et par les perspectives de recherche sur les systemes distribues
13
McGee, David Howell. "The Twenty-sixth Regiment North Carolina troops, CSA." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102015/.
Full text
14
McGuire, Kathy M. L. "Examining Child Abuse Disclosure Patterns: A Retrospective Approach to Estimating Denial and Recantation Rates." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1353126937.
Full text
15
Sarró, Tauler Eduard. "Mecanismes moleculars implicats en la nefrotoxicitat per ciclosporina a (CsA): estudi dels efectes de la CsA en les vies ERK i PI3K." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3590.
Full textAbstract:
La Ciclosporina A (CsA) és un immunosupressor àmpliament utilitzat per evitar el rebuig de l'òrgan trasplantat. Malgrat tot, el seu ús s'ha vist limitat pels seus marcats efectes nefrotòxics. En el ronyó s'observa una diferent sensibilitat a la CsA segons el tipus cel·lular, sent les cèl·lules dels túbuls proximals les més sensibles. En aquest sentit, diversos treballs anteriors demostren la capacitat de la CsA d'induir efectes tòxics directament sobre la cèl·lula tubular en cultiu. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi ha estat estudiar els efectes tòxics de la CsA en cèl·lules derivades del túbul proximal de ratolins i intentar determinar els mecanismes moleculars implicats en la toxicitat per CsA. Per a aquest fi s'ha analitzat els efectes del tractament amb CsA en la viabilitat cel·lular i sobre dues importants vies de senyalització implicades en mecanismes de supervivència i mort com són les vies ERK 1/2 i PI3K. Els nostres resultats mostren que el tractament amb CsA indueix toxicitat i pèrdua de la viabilitat cel·lular de manera dosis i temps depenent. El tractament amb CsA també indueix l'activació d'ambdues vies, si bé amb diferents conseqüències fisiològiques. Així, l'activació d'ERK no participa en els efectes tòxics de la CsA mentre que el bloqueig d'algunes isoformes de PI3K resulta en un important rescat de la citotoxicitat. En analitzar els mecanismes que condueixen a aquests efectes, hem observat que els efectes de la CsA sobre la viabilitat i l'activació d'aquestes vies de senyalització venen mediades per la transactivació del receptor de EGF (EGFR). L'activació del EGFR depèn, al seu torn, de la secreció d'un o més factors en resposta a CsA i que actuarien per un mecanisme autocrí sobre la pròpia cèl·lula. En el procés d'activació de EGFR estarien implicades també les metal·loproteïnases de matriu (MMPs). Els nostres resultats mostren que aquest component secretat en resposta a CsA és un factor d'unió a heparina que actuaria a través de la unió a proteoglicans de tipus heparan sulfats (HSPGs) de la superfície cel·lular. En l'intent d'identificar aquest factor hem pogut descartar la implicació del TGF-β, a priori un bon candidat, i hem comprovat la implicació al menys indirecta de la Ciclofilina B (CypB), el receptor intracel·lular de la CsA. En conclusió, els nostres resultats demostren que la CsA és capaç d'induir diferents respostes en les cèl·lules PCT3, on part d'aquest efectes vindrien mediats per un "loop" autocrí en la que es secretaria un factor d'unió a heparina que activaria EGFR i desencadenaria l'activació de ERK, PI3K i la toxicitat cel·lular. En un futur, la identificació dels factors secretats en resposta a CsA podria aportar una valuosa informació en el tractament de la nefrotoxicitat crònica per CsA.The immunosuppressor cyclosporine A (CsA) has been widely used to prevent organ transplant rejection. The beneficial effects of CsA are restricted by its toxic side effects, with nephrotoxicity being the most remarkable one. In the kidney, there is a site-selective action of CsA on the cells of the proximal tubular region of the nephron, preferentially in epithelial cells of the S3 segment. In addition, recent reports have concluded that CsA exerts a direct toxic effect on cultured proximal tubular cells. The aim oh the present thesis was to study the toxic effects of CsA on the PKSV-PCT (PCT3) cell line, derived from the convoluted portion of the proximal tubule of kidneys from transgenic mice. For this purpose we have analyzed the effects of CsA treatment on cell viability and on ERK 1/2 and PI3K pathways, two important signalling pathways involved in cell survival and death processes. Our results show that CsA treatment affected cell viability and induces activation of both ERK and PI3K pathways in a dose and time-dependent manner. ERK activation was not involved in CsA-induced toxic effects while inhibition of some PI3K isoforms resulted in a significant decrease of CsA-induced cytotoxicity. We have observed that CsA triggered effects on cell viability and ERK and PI3K pathways activation where mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and EGF receptor (EGFR) transactivation. EGFR activation in response to CsA was also dependent of the secretion of an heparin binding factor that would actuate through autocrine signalling. Cell surface proteoglycans of the heparin sulphate family (HSPGs) were also implicated in CsA triggered effects. To further explore the underlying mechanism of CsA triggered effects, we tried to identify the secreted factor responsible of CsA effects. Although TGF-β was a suitable candidate, our results show that it was not involved. Moreover, our results show that Cyclophilin B, the CsA intracellular receptor, was probably implicated in CsA effects. In conclusion, our results show that CsA is able to trigger different cell responses in PCT3 cells with different physiological outcomes. These effects would be mediated by an autocrine loop where an heparin binding factor would be secreted and would activate EGFR thus leading to ERK and PI3K activation and cell toxicity. In a future, the identification of the secreted factors in response to CsA could give us valuable information in the treatment of CsA-induced chronic nephrotoxicity.
16
Enrech, López Raquel. "Síntesis y estudio de nuevos agentes de solvatación quiral polifuncionales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83970.
Full textAbstract:
La presente Tesis doctoral se centra en la separación enantioselectiva, desarrollando nuevos agentes de solvatación quiral (CSA) y nuevas fases estacionarias quirales (CSP).
En una primera parte de la Tesis se sintetizaron compuestos antracénicos trifuncionales como el 1,8,10-tribromoantraceno y 10-bromo-α,α’-bistrifluorometil-1,8-antracenedimetanol, que permiten la síntesis de CSAs trifuncionales o el anclaje a una fase estacionaria, para una posterior aplicación en HPLC quiral.
Otro apartado de esta Tesis se ha centrado en la síntesis de nuevos CSAs tipo pinza molecular, dónde se ha realizado un estudio estructural mediante RMN. Se han ensayado sus capacidades enantiodiferenciadoras con diferentes solutos, obteniendo resultados diversos y se han estudiado los complejos CSA-soluto formados. Se ha comprobado que en algunos de los casos, la rigidez del CSA no ha permitido realizar la función “pinza”, obteniendo pobres resultados en el enantioreconocimiento, pero en otros casos, hemos comprobado que el enantioreconocimiento es espectacular cuando el soluto contiene un grupo amino, y el CSA tiene o un grupo amino o nitro, permitiendo otro punto de interacción entre el CSA y el soluto. En estos casos, la estequiometria del complejo CSA:soluto es de 1:2, en vez de 1:1 como es lo habitual.
El último apartado de esta Tesis se ha centrado en la síntesis de nuevas fases estacionarias quirales (CSP) tipo Brush. El objetivo era preparar una CSP con terminaciones en pinza molecular. La primera CSP sintetizada no se consiguió obtener la terminación deseada, por eso se planteó preparar otra CSP que contuviera el CSA isoftalato de ABTE, quedándonos a un paso de su preparación completa.This thesis focuses on the enantioselective separation, developing new chiral solvating agents (CSA) and new chiral stationary phases (CSP). In the first part of the thesis, there were synthesized trifunctional compounds such as 1,8,10-tribromoanthracene and 10-bromo-α,α'-bistrifluorometyl-1,8-anthracenedimethanol, allowing the synthesis of trifunctional CSAs or anchor these compounds in stationary phases for a subsequent application in chiral HPLC. Another section of this thesis, the molecular tweezers were synthesized and characterized by NMR. Enantiodiscrimination capabilities have been tested with different solutes, obtaining different results. We also have studied the CSA-solute complexes formed. In some cases, the rigidity of the CSA has not permitted the tweezers function, obtaining poor results in chiral recognition, but in other cases, we found that this chiral recognition was spectacular when the solute contains an amino group and the CSA has a nitro or amino group, allowing another point of interaction between the CSA and solute. In these cases, the stoichiometry of the complex CSA:solute is 1:2 rather than 1:1 as usual. The last section of this thesis was focused on the synthesis of new chiral stationary phases (CSP) type Brush. The aim was to prepare a CSP with molecular tweezers terminations. The first CSP synthesized I didn’t achieve my goal, as it didn’t have tweezers terminations, so another CSP was prepared containing the ABTE isophthalate, staying one step away from full preparation.
17
Morgan, Clare Louise. "The role of TGF β in drug-induced gingival overgrowth." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341770.
Full text
18
TAG, MUNIR ANWAR. "Developpement d'applications reparties sur le systeme distribue oriente objet csa." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066476.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail presente le developpement de deux applications reparties et d'une interface utilisateur pour le systeme reparti oriente objet csa. Apres avoir fait le point sur l'etat de l'art des systemes informatiques repartis, il decrit le systeme csa qui entre dans le cadre du programme europeen esprit de recherche et developpement. Le systeme csa est bati sur une architecture hierarchique et modulaire qui permet d'isoler les differents problemes poses dans les systemes informatiques repartis actuels et de les resoudre ainsi plus facilement. Csa definit un modele objet uniforme permettant une conception simple et elegante des applications reparties. Ensuite est traite le developpement d'un systeme de gestion d'interface utilisateur graphique convivial. Enfin est presentee la mise en uvre de l'application messagerie electronique du csa et l'application de conference repartie qui permet a plusieurs participants, situes sur differents sites, de creer et d'editer simultanement des documents communs. Les deux applications utilisent l'interface utilisateur graphique du csa, et ont pour objectif de demontrer la puissance des outils fournis par csa et son modele objet
19
KAMBE, Fukushi, Hisao SEO, and Xia CAO. "Cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive Pathway for the Induction of ZAKI-4 Expression by Thyroid Hormone." Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2778.
Full text
20
Almer, Surribas Sandra. "Aproximacions i estudis nous CSAs. Adamantil, Fluorenil i altres derivats tipus Pirkle." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3119.
Full textAbstract:
En la present tesi s'ha avançat en el coneixement de la influència de l'estructura molecular en la capacitat d'acció com a agent de solvatació quiral (CSA). S'han preparat i estudiat diversos compostos derivats de l'alcohol de Pirkle, substituint la part aromàtica per grups fluorenil o naftacenil i modificant el substituent del carboni quiral per grups adamantil o tert-butil. Aquests estudis inclouen la síntesi i la resolució d'aquestes molècules, la seva aplicació sobre mostres diastereoisomériques i el seu posterior estudi per ressonància magnètica nuclear i càlculs de mecànica molecular. Els resultats obtinguts mostren que el compost 1-adamantil-9-antrilmetanol presenta una barrera de rotació elevada de l'enllaç C9-C11 que es pot determinar per mitjà del mètode descrit en el nostre laboratori basat en la transferència de nOe entre diversos nuclis. El comportament d'aquest compost com agent de solvatació és comparable al comportament del compost 1-(9-antril)-2,2-dimetilpropanol.
Per altra banda, els compostos derivats del grup fluorè, 1-(9H-9-fluorenil)-2,2-dimetilopropanol i 1-(9H-9-fluorenil)-2,2,2-trifluoroetanol, presenten una conformació preferent que situa els tres anells coplanars i el substituent de forma perpendicular entre ells. De les tres conformacions alternades de l'enllaç C9-C10, és la que te el grup hidroxil per sobre de l'anell de fluorè la més estable i la única que s'observa en l'espectre de protó de RMN.
S'ha pogut disposar del 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(5-naftacenil)etanol, però aquest compost s'ha mostrat molt inestable en condicions de laboratori ja que descomposa després de poques hores de la seva síntesi.
S'han preparat els diésters derivats de l'àcid adamantandioic i antracendioic del a,a'-bis(trifluorometil)-9,10-antracendimetanol que es presenta com les primeres aproximacions en la preparació de cavitats quirals antracenderivades. Així doncs, són un bon punt de partida per la seva ciclació en la preparació de compostos cíclics de relació molar 2:2.
The present work it's a progress in the knowledge of the influence of the molecular structure in its acting capacity as a chiral solvating agent (CSA). There are a study and preparation of several compounds coming from derived of Pirkle's alcohol where the anthryl ring is substituted by fluorenyl and naphtacenyl groups.
Adamanthyl and tert-butyl groups are used instead of trifluoromethyl groups. These studies include the synthesis and the resolution of compounds, its application as a CSA on diastereoisomeric samples and its posterior study by nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular mechanics calculations.
The obtained results show a high rotation barrier of the binding C9-C11 for the compound 1-adamantil-9-antrilmetanol, which can be determined by a method described in our research group based on the transfer of the nOe effect among several atoms. The behaviour of this compound as a chiral solvating agent is similar to the behaviour of the compound 1-(9-antril)-2,2-dimetilpropanol.
On the other hand, the compounds coming from the fluorene group, present a preferential conformation which situates the tree coplanar rings and its substitute in a perpendicular form. The conformational study of C9-C10 bonds demonstrates that the most stable structure show the hydroxyl group over the fluorenyl ring.
We have been able to synthesized 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(5-naphtacenyl)ethanol, however this compound is very unstable in the laboratory conditions, due to its decomposition after a few hours of its synthesis.
The a,a'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9,10-anthracenedimethanol, diesther derivatives of 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic and 9,10-anthracenedicarboxylic acids were prepared. There is a good starting point to obtain high chiral cavities.
21
Estivill, Domènech Carla. "Preparació enantioselectiva i estructura de l'[alfa], [alfa]'-bis(trifluorometil)-9,10-antracendimetanol (abte), l'[alfa], [alfa]'-bis(trifluorometil)-9,10-antracendimetanamina (ABTA) i aproximació a l'[alfa]-trifluorometil-9-[10-(2,2,2-trifluoroetanamino)]antracenmetanol (ABTEA). RMN: utilització com a CSAs i estudi dels complexos bidentats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3245.
Full textAbstract:
A la present tesi doctoral es desenvolupen nous estudis sobre agents de solvatació quiral (CSA) difuncionals. Els CSAs tenen la capacitat d'interaccionar de forma diferencial amb cada un dels enantiòmers d'una mescla d'un substrat quiral, mitjançant la formació d'enllaços no covalents, és a dir, de tipus àcid-base, ponts d'hidrògen, dipolars,... formant complexes d'associació diastereomèrics. Aquest reconeixement quiral produeix un diferent entorn químic i magnètic dels enantiòmers, el que per RMN es podrà observar en una anisocronia dels seus senyals, principalment de protó. Aquesta diferència dels desplaçaments químics ens permetrà determinar la composició de la mescla. Ja que l'observació dels senyals és una mitja d'un sistema dinàmic entre els elements lliures i complexats, la separació dels senyals dependrà tant de la termodinàmica de l'associació com de les característiques estructurals dels complexes.En el nostre grup d'investigació es va abordar la síntesi de CSAs difuncionals. En el primer cas que ens ocupa a la present tesi doctoral, l'?,?'-bis(trifluorometil)-9,10-antracendimetanol (ABTE) va aportar una gran capacitat enantiodiferenciadora. Els estudis per RMN ens permeteren atribuir aquests resultats en la capacitat que té el confórmer Cisoide de l'ABTE en generar complexes bidentats amb els substrats quirals, en els que la major proximitat del CSA a cada una dels enantiòmers del substrat, provoca una major diferenciació en l'entorn magnètic.
A la present tesi doctoral s'abordà la síntesi estereoselectiva de l'ABTE. La reducció tipus CBS del 9,10-bis(trifluoroacetil)antracè ens permeté obtenir el CSA desitjat en un 65% de rendiment i amb una proporció estereomèrica de RR/RS/SS= 89:11:0. Aquesta ruta es va dur a escala més gran, per tal de fer la seva fabricació per a la seva comercialització (ACRÔS).
Per RMN també s'estudien les associacions entre l'ABTE i l'1,2-benzendimetanol i l'1,3-benzendimetanol, per evidenciar l'existència dels complexes bidentats. S'observen les variacions dels senyals de protó del CSA, també es determinen les estequiometries dels complexos i les seves constants de formació. L'estudi es completa amb un estudi teòric per mecànica molecular. Amb tots els resultats es pot concloure que el CSA forma un complex bidentat amb l'1,2-benzendimetanol i també amb l'1,3-benzendimetanol, però amb aquest últim no de forma exclusiva sinó que també existeixen associacions monodentades.
També s'estudien les diferències estructurals i d'estabilitat de la interacció entre l'ABTE i l'1-aminoindà i l'1-amino-2-indanol. L'existència de l'associació bidentada s'evidencià amb la major variació dels desplaçaments químics de cada un dels enantiòmers del substrat en relació a la que es va obtenir en la solvatació amb el CSA homòleg monofuncional. Amb el primer substrat es va poder atribuir en un augment de l'estabilitat de l'associació, degut, segurament a una disminució de l'entropia. En canvi, amb l'1-amino-2-indanol no es van apreciar diferències en l'estabilitat, amb el que podem atribuir una major variació dels desplaçaments químics a efectes estructurals de la complexació, principalment en una associació bidentada més íntima.
A la segona part de la tesi es desenvolupa la síntesi estereoselectiva de l'?,?'-bis(trifluorometil)-9,10-antracendimetanamina (ABTA), que s'obté per la doble trifluorometilació de la sulfinimina quiral derivada de la condensació del 9,10-antracendimetanol amb la sulfinamida de Ellman, amb un rendiment global d'ABTA del 57% i de forma enantiopura. També es descriuen les síntesis de la 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-antril)etilamina, la 1-(9-antril)etilamina i l'aproximació de l'?-trifluorometil-9-[10-(2,2,2-trifluoroetanamino)]antracenmetanol (ABTEA).
Es fan diversos estudis de solvatació mitjançant RMN, del nou CSA difuncional ABTA. En ells es va observar la separació de les bandes dels protons dels enantiòmers en afegir un elevat nombre d'equivalents de CSA, fins a 15, i l'estudi termodinàmic, que també es va realitzar per RMN, ens va donar constants d'associació molt baixes. Probablement, aquests resultats es deuen a la poca basicitat del grup amino, que no afavoreix la formació de ponts d'hidrògen.
In the current thesis new studies about difunctional chiral solvating agents (CSA) are developed. CSAs have the ability to interact differentially with each of the enantiomers of a chiral substrate, through non covalent bonds, like acid-base interactions, hydrogen bonds, dipolar interactions.giving diastereomeric associative complexes. This chiral recognition produces distinct chemical and magnetic properties to each enantiomer, that will be observed, in RMN, as an anisocrony of its signals, mainly the proton signals. This chemical shift difference will allow us to determine the composition of the mixture. Since the observed chemical shifts are an average of a dynamic system where elements are free or complexate, the chemical shift variation will depend on the thermodynamic of the association and either on the structural properties.
In our research group, the synthesis of difunctional CSAs has been developed. The first case which we're dealing with at the current thesis, is the ?,?'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9,10-anthracenedimethanol (ABTE), that showed, in last studies, an excellent chiral recognition capacity. The NMR studies allowed us to conclude that this attribute is due to the capability of the Cisoid conformer of the ABTE to give bidentate complexes with the chiral substrates, where the greater proximity of the CSA to each one of the enantiomers of the substrate, induces a greater differentiation of their magnetic fields.
In the current thesis, the stereoselective synthesis of ABTE has been developed. The CBS reduction of 9,10-bis(trifluoroacetyl)anthracene allowed us to obtain the desired CSA in a 65% yield with an stereomeric ratio of RR/RS/SS=89:11:0. This reaction has been scaled up for the manufacture and commercialization of the product (ACRÔS).
With the NMR, we have been studied the association between ABTE and 1,2-benzenedimethanol and 1,3-benzenedimethanol, to demonstrate the existence of the bidentate complexes. We observed the chemical shift of the proton signals of the CSA, and we determined the stequiometry of the complexes and their binding constant. The study is completed with a theoretical estimation by molecular mechanics. With all the results, we could conclude that the CSA generates a bidentate complex with 1,2-benzenedimethanol and also with 1,3-benzenedimethanol, but not as an exclusive form with the last one, which would be in equilibrium with monodentate associations.
There has been studied, also, the structural and thermodynamic differences of the interactions of the ABTE with 1-aminoindane and 1-amino-2-indanole. The greater difference of the chemical shifts between enantiomers of each substrate compared to the results obtained when using the comparable monofunctional CSA, gives us evidences of the existence of the bidentate association. With several NMR experiments, we could attribute the greater chiral recognition with the first substrate to a more stable association, due to probably lower entropy. On the other hand, the association with the second substrate didn't improve because of a more stable complex, but for the structural properties, mainly in a more close bidentate association.
At the second part of the thesis, the stereoselective synthesis of ?,?'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9,10-antracenedimethanamine (ABTA) is developed. It consists in a double stereoselective trifluoromethylation of the chiral sulfinimine derived from the condensation of 9,10-anthracendimethanol with the Ellman sulfinamide, with a 56% global yield of the ABTA in its enantiopure form. There are also described the synthesis of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(anthryl)ethylamine, 1-(9-anthryl)-ethylamine and the approach to the ?-trifluoromethyl-9-[10-(2,2,2-trifluoroethanamino)]anthracenemethanol (ABTEA).
The chiral recognition capability of the new difunctional CSA, ABTA, is studied with several chiral substrates. The registered NMR experiments showed us a generally low capacity, observing the differentiation of the chemical shifts of the enantiomers after adding great amounts of CSA. The thermodynamic study could be done also with the NMR, and it gave us very low binding constants of the diastereomeric complexes. These results could come, probably, of the low basicity of the amino group, that wouldn't favour the formation of hydrogen bonds.
22
Kamble, Sumedh. "Bisphosphonates for Bone Targeting and Cancer Therapy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22013.
Full textAbstract:
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are a class of bone binding and bone anti-resorptive drugs used in the management of osteoporosis, and skeletal related events (SREs) in cancer. BPs selectively and rapidly bind to the bones, where they inhibit osteoclasts and osteoclast mediated bone resorption. Apart from their anti-osteoclastic activity in bones, BPs have also shown surprising anti-tumour effects outside the bone. This thesis investigates the versatility of BPs as a bone targeting molecule and a therapeutic agent for cancer and bone infection applications. In Chapter 2, we describe the formulation of bone targeting micelles encapsulating curcumin as a model anticancer agent for bone metastasis. Micelles were generated by covalently conjugating the amino BP alendronate (ALN) to the carboxyl termini of a modified Pluronic F127 blockcopolymer. The chemistry for modification of Pluronic F127 and subsequent ALN conjugation, and technology to produced monodispersed bone targeting micelles was developed and optimised. The formulated ALN conjugated micelles were of an ultra-small size, exhibited rapid binding to bone mineral and an ideal drug loading capacity. Thus, it is hypothesized that BPconjugated Pluronic F127 micelles could be a vehicle for the therapeutically effective delivery of curcumin for bone metastases. Bone-targeted micelles are also expected to reduce the systemic toxicity of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs due to selective bone targeting. Chapter 3 builds upon the concept of covalently conjugating ALN to provide bone targeting. We developed a method for the conjugation of amino-BP through carbodiimide chemistry to produce a novel drug. CSA-90 and ALN were covalently conjugated via a peptide bond using a heterobifunctional PEG linker to create a bone binding antimicrobial (BBA-1). There is considerable utility for such a drug in the prevention of osteomyelitis (bone infection). A detailed characterization was performed on BBA-1. It retained the potent antibacterial action of parent CSA-90 roughly at an equimolar concentration. BBA-1 exhibited a profoundly robust and rapid affinity for bone mineral in hydroxyapatite binding/retention assay. In an osteoblast cell culture model, BBA-1 retained the pro-osteogenic activity previously reported for parental compound CSA-90. In contrast, western blot analysis of protein lysate from J774.2 macrophage cells showed no effect of BBA-1 on protein prenylation in contrast to ALN alone. In Chapter 4, an injectable sustained release formulation of BP was tested in INA-6 Tu1 human plasmacytoma xenograft murine model. While BPs are extensively used for bone metastases, it was speculated chronic exposure of non-skeletal tumours to BPs could impair growth or even induce cancer cell apoptosis. It was found by initial studies that SAIB:ethanol depots previously used for BMP/BP release were able to attain a sustained release profile of fluorescently-labelled BP compared to conventional bolus dosing in C57Bl6 mice. Analysis of long bones from these mice demonstrated an increase in fluorescently-labelled BP binding to bone when delivered with slow release SAIB:ethanol formulation compared to bolus subcutaneous injection. Moreover, two-photon and Li-COR infrared imaging showed fluorescently-labelled BP released from SAIB depot in vivo also accumulated in subcutaneous INA-6 Tu1 tumours in NOD-scid (NSG™) mice. In vivo tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) labelling and subsequent two-photon imaging of tumour explants revealed co-localization of fluorescently-labelled BP and F4/80+ TAMs, suggesting internalization of BP by TAMs. Treatment with potent zoledronic acid (ZOL) in SAIB:ethanol formulation caused inhibition of protein prenylation in INA-6 tumors in vivo. Notably, isolation of the CD11b+ (mostly TAMs) and CD11b- (mostly cancer cells) from the tumour homogenate of ZOL treated mice confirmed that BPs primarily impaired protein prenylation in CD11b+ TAMs rather than in tumour cells. In summary, this works illustrates the profound versatility of BPs both as targeting moieties and therapeutic agents for conditions outside of bone. While BPs are widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disorders, there is scope for BP-derived compounds to be used to provide new functionality to existing compounds such as antibiotics, or to treat non-skeletal tumours. Further development is required to validate the in vivo efficacy of BBA-1 in models of bone infection, as a prelude to production of GMP-quality compound and undertaking clinical trials. The findings of the anticancer effects of BPs outside the bone are very encouraging and the identification of macrophages as targets for circulating BPs is highly novel.
23
Hoffman, Melanie D. "The Impact of Canine Companion Service Animal (CSA) Use on Social Behaviors Between Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders Who Use CSA and Those Who Do Not." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1000.
Full textAbstract:
According to theory of the mind, individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are unable to interpret the social cues of others, which results in anxiety and social behavior deficits . Individuals with ASD are currently using canine Companion Service Animals (CSAs) in order to practice developing attachment bonds ; however, no known quantitative studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CSA in improving social behaviors in ASD populations. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the extent to which exposure to CSA impacts social skills and social interaction in children and adolescents with ASD as measured by the parent self-reports on the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), respectively. MANOVA results of a matched-paticipant, equivalent, posttest-only design ( n = 122) showed that CSA users had fewer deficits in social skills and social interaction. There were no differences in age, IQ, or comorbidity CSA scores for social interaction or social skills based on MANOVA analysis. Results suggest that attachment bonds between the CSA user and an associated CSA provide an opportunity to engage in social interactions despite social skill deficits. This study contributes to social change by increasing awareness of the impact of CSA on the daily social functioning of children and adolescents with ASD.
24
Sabih, Sacha Francis. "The CSA method of alternative financing in agriculture : a case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ44267.pdf.
Full text
25
Wu, Yanqi. "New methods for measuring CSA tensors : applications to nucleotides and nucleosides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11859/.
Full textAbstract:
A novel version of the CSA (Chemical Shift Anisotropy) amplification experiment which results in large amplification factors is introduced. Large xa (up to 48) are achieved by sequences which are efficient in terms of the number of π pulses and total duration compared to a modification due to Orr et al. (2005), and greater flexibility in terms of the choice of amplification factor is possible than in our most recent version. Furthermore, the incorporation of XiX decoupling ensures the overall sensitivity of the experiment is optimal. This advantage has been proved by extracting the CSA tensors for a novel vinylphosphonate-linked nucleotide. The application of CSA amplification experiment to six nucleosides is also discussed. The measured principal tensor values are compared with those calculated using the recently developed first-principles methods. Throughout this work, the NMR parameters of all nucleosides are presented. Finally, high-resolution multi-nuclear solid-state NMR experiments are used to study some novel vinyl phosphonate-linked oligo-nucleotides.
26
Baudouin, Quentin. "Consumer demand for Community Supported Agriculture: a comparative study of the Kansas City (USA) and Midi-Pyrenees (France) regions." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7047.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Hikaru H. Peterson
Farmer-to-consumer direct marketing institutions have expanded significantly in the last decades. In particular, Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) has developed exponentially in the US and in Europe. CSAs consist of a contract in which the consumer buys a share of the farm production at the beginning of the season and receive in exchange a bundle of products regularly. CSAs still account for a marginal share of food sales today and many questions remain unanswered, such as the level of knowledge of the general public about CSA, the potential size of the market, its consumer characteristics, and the main motivations and barriers that lead consumers to either join or not join CSAs. This study focused on addressing these questions for the Kansas City area and the central region in France. Another objective was to give recommendations to farmers on how to develop CSAs. Two versions of the surveys were designed and conducted in the US and in France to address the objectives. Particularly, two types of questions were used in order to elicit willingness to pay (WTP): an open-ended question and a choice experiment. A Tobit model and discrete choice models were run to analyze results from the open-ended question and the choice experiment, respectively. Results show that around 80 percent of the population knew little about CSAs. The understanding of the demand for CSAs shows that a potential market, accounting for around 25 percent of the population, exists, but consumers are very exigent and farmers need to provide well-considered contracts to attract consumers. Recommendations to farmers are presented following the 4P method. For the Product, the variety offered seems to be the most important point. For Price, it has been estimated from the demand at $300 in the US and €400 in France for a basic share. Promotion would need to focus on education. Having various delivery locations would be the best option concerning Place; home delivery was found to be unnecessary. Tendencies found in the US and in France were similar except for educational activities: the French are looking more for these opportunities than Americans who care more about convenience.
27
Pellegrini, Simone. "Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel Rebar in Calcium Sulfoaluminate CSA-Based Systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/77264.
Full textAbstract:
The use of ordinary binders to manufacture structural concrete for construction sector does not fully fit with the interests of cement industries, which are seeking to reduce the impact of cement production on environment, CO2 emissions and consumption of raw materials and energy. Therefore, alternative binders are developed and studied, such as calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement, which combines rapid hardening, high-early strength, with less CO2 emission due to the lower temperature used for clinker production. Several studies regarding the mechanical and rheological properties of concretes manufactured with CSA cement are reported, whereas research on durability and corrosion behavior of carbon steel in such admixtures is still lacking. Compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the hydration of CSA cement shows important difference that can influence durability of reinforced concrete structures, because it does not produce Ca(OH)2. Consequently, less alkaline pH is expected, which significantly affects corrosion behavior of steel reinforcing bars.
Furthermore, purpose of this work is the evaluation of the alkalinity level of concretes manufactured with CSA cement using pH sensible probes, pH indicators alternative to phenolphthalein and other techniques. Likewise, in order to investigate the corrosion behavior of carbon steel during different stages of hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate based cementitious systems, tests in simulating pore solutions at different pH and 〖SO〗_4^(2-) concentration were carried out.
28
Mohammadihashemi, Marjan. "Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Ceragenins, Mimics of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7411.
Full textAbstract:
The continuous emergence of drug-resistance pathogens is a global concern. As a result, substantial effort is being expended to develop new therapeutics and mechanisms for controlling microbial growth to avoid entering a "post-antibiotic" era in which commonly used antibiotics are no longer effective in treating infections. In this work, we investigate the efficacy and application of ceragenins as non-peptide mimics of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). First, this work examines the susceptibility of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The susceptibility of colistin-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceragenins and AMPs suggests that there is little to no cross-resistance between colistin and ceragenins/AMPs. Furthermore, Lipid A modifications are found in bacteria with modest changes in susceptibility to ceragenins and with high levels of resistance to colistin. Next, we investigated the potential for cross resistance between chlorhexidine, colistin, AMPs and ceragenins as repeated exposure of bacteria to chlorhexidine might result in cross resistance with colistin, AMPs or ceragenins. Furthermore, a proteomics study on the chlorhexidine-resistant strains showed that chlorhexidine resistance is associated with upregulation of proteins involved in the assembly of LPS for outer membrane biogenesis and virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Second, this dissertation describes the antifungal activity of ceragenins against an emerging multidrug-resistant fungus, Candida auris. We found that lead ceragenins displayed activities comparable to known antifungal agents against C. auris isolates. We also found that fungal cell morphology was altered in response to ceragenin treatment, that ceragenins exhibited activity against sessile organisms in biofilms, and that gel and cream formulations including CSA-44 and CSA-131 resulted in a significant log reduction against established fungal infections in ex vivo mucosal tissues. Finally, a hydrogel film containing CSA-131 was generated on endotracheal tubes (ETTs). ETTs provide an abiotic surface on which bacteria and fungi form biofilms that cause serious infections. In this study, the eluting ceragenin prevented fungal and bacterial colonization of coated ETTs for extended periods while uncoated tubes were colonized by bacteria and fungi. Coated tubes were well tolerated in intubated pigs. The ability of ceragenins to eradicate established biofilms make them attractive potential therapeutics for persistent infections in the lung, including those associated with cystic fibrosis. In ex vivo studies, we initially found that this ceragenin, at concentrations necessary to eradicate established biofilms, also causes loss of cilia function. However, by formulating CSA-131 in poloxamer micelles, cilia damage was eliminated and antimicrobial activity was unaffected. These findings suggest that CSA-131, formulated in micelles, may act as a potential therapeutic for polymicrobial and biofilm-related infections in the lung and trachea.
29
Neman, Azadeh. "Propriétés combinatoires et modèle-théoriques des groupes." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679429.
Full textAbstract:
Notre travail ici concerne certaines pistes pour des constructions nouveaux groupes, et en particulier de contre-exemples à la conjecture de Cherlin-Zilber. On parvient à trouver une réponse pour la stabilité de groupes CSA existentiellement clos. On exhibe un mot de groupe en deux variables qui a la propriété d'indépendance par rapport à la classe de groupes hyperboliques sans torsion. On en déduit que l'équation correspondante donne la propriété d'indépendance des groupes CSA existentiellement clos, ce qui en particulier implique leur instabilité. En outre, on prouve que les équations, et en particulier les ensembles définissables sans quantificateurs, définissent des ensembles stables dans les boules bornées des produits libres de groupes, en utilisant la version finie du théorème de Ramsey. Enfin, on introduit certains groupes construits comme tours particulières de produits libres et d'extensions HNN.
30
Ahmad, Nora, and Dina Alhakim. "Sexuell exploatering av barn på nätet : Hur välutrustade är olika sociala aktörer för att bemöta den nya problematiken?" Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55239.
Full textAbstract:
Sexuell exploatering av barn på nätet är ett fenomen som ökat substantiellt i takt med att internetanvändningen ökat i dagens samhälle. Forskning tyder på en ökning med ca 100 fall år 2020 jämfört med år 2019. Sexuell exploatering är i sig inte ett nytt fenomen, men den typen som sker via nätet kan betraktas som en ny form av exploatering som bör studeras närmare. Denna nya form av sexuell exploatering har bidragit till skapandet av en ny typ av förövare, som opererar anonymt och i många avseenden oreglerat. Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka hur välutrustade olika sociala aktörer som socialtjänst och fristående organisationer är för att bemöta barn som blivit sexuellt exploaterade på nätet samt identifiera vilka brister som förekommer i dagsläget. I arbetet genomförs sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma både inom socialtjänsten och fristående organisationer. Intervjuresultaten delas därefter in i fyra olika identifierade teman: Yrkesverksammas bemötande av utsatta barn, Är yrkesverksamma välutrustade för att bemöta barn som utsatts för sexuell exploatering via nätet?, Barn i riskzon för sexuell exploatering samt Olika typer av sexuell exploatering. Dessa teman analyseras, huvudsakligen utifrån systemteorin, foten-i-dörren metoden samt tidigare forskning inom ämnet, och även Barns-Behov-I-Centrum-arbetssättet (BBIC) då det genomsyrar socialtjänstens arbete med barn.Sexual exploitation of children online is a phenomenon that has significantly increased in occurrence apace with the amplified use of the internet in today's society. Current research indicates an incline of about 100 more cases in 2020, compared to the year prior. Sexual exploitation in itself is not a new phenomenon, however the technology assisted exploitation can be considered a new form that needs more research. With a new problem follows the creation of a new type of perpetrator that operates anonymously and often unregulated. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate how well-equipped different social work practitioners are to face this new phenomenon as well as to identify shortcomings that may exist. This study includes six semi-structured interviews with both social workers with a Degree of Bachelor of Science in Social Work and individuals within independent organizations targeting this phenomenon. The interview results were consequently divided into four different identified themes: Professionals' treatment of subjected children, Are professionals well-equipped to face children subjected to sexual exploitation online?, Children in risk zones, and Different types of sexual exploitation. The themes were subsequently analyzed, mainly on the basis of system- and the foot-in-the-door theory, previous research and Childrens-Needs-In-Center perspective (BBIC).
31
Turnbull, Fiona Claire. "Well-being, coping and growth following trauma : a thesis research portfolio." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16166.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis portfolio consists of two key pieces of work, a systematic review and an empirical research project, both of which explore outcomes associated with traumatic experiences. Systematic Review – There is a growing body of literature which demonstrates that, alongside the difficulties people may experience following trauma, many individuals are also likely to report growth following the struggle to come to terms with the event. This review explores the evidence for a relationship between reported growth and distress following civilian, interpersonal trauma. The review includes 13 studies which met the inclusion criteria (9 cross-sectional and 4 prospective). Findings are inconsistent and suggest that prospective study designs are more likely than cross-sectional designs to report significant relationships. A number of methodological issues and the implications for future research are discussed. Empirical Research Project – Survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) present with a wide range of difficulties and the current evidence base for the treatment of complex trauma is limited. It is proposed that self-compassion and forgiveness based approaches may have the potential to be of benefit to this population. This cross-sectional study explored the relationships between posttraumatic stress symptoms, dissociation, self-blame, self-compassion and forgiveness. A clinical sample of adult survivors of CSA (N = 19) completed all measures. In keeping with previous literature, significant relationships were found between posttraumatic stress and both dissociation and self-blame. Forgiveness was positively correlated with dissociation, but not the other variables and no significant relationships were found between self-compassion and the variables of interest. Findings, implications and study limitations are discussed.
32
Torres, Camila Lombardi. "Comunidade que sustenta a agricultura : a reaplicação da tecnologia social a partir dos casos pioneiros em Brasília." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31705.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design, 2017.Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2018-04-10T17:59:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_CamilaLombardiTorres.pdf: 3511823 bytes, checksum: 0f3ae82e2e7ad672bad2e57384b70703 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-04-20T18:07:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_CamilaLombardiTorres.pdf: 3511823 bytes, checksum: 0f3ae82e2e7ad672bad2e57384b70703 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T18:07:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_CamilaLombardiTorres.pdf: 3511823 bytes, checksum: 0f3ae82e2e7ad672bad2e57384b70703 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-20
Nesta dissertação, discute-se a reaplicação da tecnologia social Comunidade que Sustenta a Agricultura (CSA) em Brasília ao se investigar características de seus três casos pioneiros — CSA Barbetta, CSA Aldeia do Altiplano e CSA Toca da Coruja. Adotam-se como métodos de pesquisa: a observação participante; a revisão teórica dos conceitos de estrutura, função, processo e forma de Milton Santos e de linguagem de padrões de Christopher Alexander; a realização de atividade em campo para coleta de dados; e a apropriação da ferramenta blueprint de serviços para a concepção de representações gráficas do modo de organização de cada comunidade. Por fim, compara-se a prática dos princípios de CSA nos três casos abordados e inferem-se padrões de gestão categorizados por formação, produção, distribuição, avaliação, integração, circulação de capital e canais de comunicação.
We discuss the reapplication of the social technology Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) in Brasilia when investigating characteristics of its three pioneer cases - CSA Barbetta, CSA Aldeia do Altiplano and CSA Toca da Coruja. The followed research methods are adopted: participant observation; theoretical review of the Milton Santos' concepts of structure, function, process and form, and Christopher Alexander's pattern language; field research for data collection; and service blueprint tool for the conception of graphical representations of each community's organization method. Finally, we compare the practice of the CSA principles in the three cases mentioned and we infer management patterns categorized by conception, production, distribution, evaluation, integration, capital circulation and communication channels.
33
Mascarell, Laurent. "La cyclosporine A, un immunosuppresseur inducteur de gène : analyse protéomique in vitro et effets in vivo sur les lymphocytes T." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066250.
Full text
34
Leung, Shi Chi. "Farming as Method: Contextualising the Politics of Food and Farming in South China." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25683.
Full textAbstract:
How can we feed China? This perennial question addresses the human, social, economic and ecological problems that China has confronted for centuries. Agriculture, which includes peasants, villages and the land, has been an enduring material and theoretical subject for the Chinese communist agrarian revolution and transformation. Drawing on Chen Kuan-hsing’s Asia as Method (2010), I analyse farming as an evolving social and historical-material practice. This entails a decolonial contextualisation in rethinking Chinese modernisation. I propose the concept of farming as method to analyse the shifting conjuncture of food production and consumption within specific historical, social and material conditions¬—namely from socialist to reformist China. I ground this with empirical data collected during my ethnography of food activism in the Guangdong area. My thesis is structured by three major moments. First, for the Maoist “long collectivisation” (1950s–70s), I analyse what I call the “socialist toilet system,” and provide a metabolic account of human waste for understanding the shifting local and geopolitical conditions of the Cold War. Second, I show that the food activism in South China attempts to revitalise “traditional” farming knowledge as a cultural method for peasants’ struggles over livelihood and the environment while countering the reformist development. Third, I investigate a participatory method for forming a producer-consumer nexus, and focus on the articulation of a “convivial technique” that recognises and negotiates responsibilities among different actors caring for the agricultural commons. I conclude that farming as method provides a historically grounded, socially engaged, and ecologically concerned approach to think about our food present and future.
35
Loughridge, Kenneth Brandon. "Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) in the Mid-Atlantic United States: A Sociological Analysis." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12202002-151616/.
Full textAbstract:
In response to the globalization of agriculture and the proliferation of convenience-based and processed foods, many Americans have joined community supported farms. Community supported agriculture (CSA) involves people paying a seasonal fee to a local farmer in return for weekly allotments of organically-grown produce. This research investigates the membership, stabilization, and success of selected CSAs in the mid-Atlantic United States. The analyses are based upon survey data from 204 members of five CSAs collected during the 2000 growing season. Interview data from each of the farmers and thirteen of the members supplement the survey data. The data are analyzed primarily with path analytic techniques in order to test hypotheses derived from a thorough search of the relevant literatures. Results show that the majority of the members of these CSAs are white, well educated, wealthy, and female. Although the respondents tend to be interested in environmental issues, alternative agriculture, and community issues, their relative level of interest does not affect their level of investment in the CSA. A higher level of member investment, however, does have a positive effect upon the organizational success of the farms in this study. Organizational success also is found to be negatively affected by the CSA's relative degree of organizational stability, a finding that contradicts some of the literature. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of the methodological, theoretical, and applied implications of these findings. These implications include the finding that while electronic survey techniques have certain advantages, one disadvantage discovered is that electronic return rates are much lower than the return rates for U.S. mail surveys. Additionally, the process of social movement organization growth and change, as developed by resource mobilization theorists, is found to be applicable to the maturation levels of the CSAs in this study. Finally, strategies are suggested by the findings that can be used by CSA practitioners to render their membership more socially diverse, including the implementation of subsidized shares and payment plans.
36
Hassinen, Gabriel, and Anton Lindroth. "Varumärken som tar ställning : En kvalitativ studie om svenska konsumenters attityder till varumärkens engagemang i kontroversiella frågor." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85307.
Full textAbstract:
Denna studie har baserats på fenomenet Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA) som innebär att företag gör ställningstaganden i socialpolitiskt kontroversiella frågor. Utmärkande för denna typ av frågor är att det inte brukar råda någon konsensus och det existerar två sidor med helt skilda åsikter. Syftet med denna studie var att öka förståelsen för svenska konsumenters attityder till CSA och varumärken som engagerar sig i det. För att utföra studien har en teoretisk referensram utvecklats som inkluderar bland annat attityder där det ingår teorier som balansteori och Theory of planned behavior (TPB). Den teoretiska referensramen inkluderade även teorier om varumärken, där till exempel varumärkesbild ingår. Studien använde sig av en kvalitativ metod, där tolv intervjuer har utförts för att samla in empiri om svenska konsumenters attityder till varumärken som engagerar sig i CSA. Intervjuerna utfördes genom att respondenterna fick ta del av fyra exempel där varumärken har engagerat sig i en socialpolitiskt kontroversiell fråga. Till varje enskilt exempel fick respondenterna frågor rörande deras attityder gentemot varumärkena. Efter intervjuerna analyserades den insamlade datan med hjälp av den teoretiska referensramen. Studien kom fram till att respondenterna generellt var skeptiska till hur genuina företagen är i sina ställningstaganden. Studien visade också att respondenternas varumärkesbild förändrades beroende på respondenternas personliga attityd till ställningstagandet. Respondenterna uttryckte att ställningstagandena sällan gör varumärkena unika eller att det var något som de skulle associera med varumärket i framtiden. Till sist visade studien att respondenterna uppfattade att varumärkets produkt hade en starkare effekt på köpavsikten än attityden till varumärkets ställningstagande.This study was based on the phenomenon Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA) which means that a company takes a position in a sociopolitical issue. CSA is often characterized by a lack of consensus and different sides with completely different opinions. The purpose of the study was to increase the understanding of Swedish consumers' attitudes towards CSA and the brands engaging in that. To perform the study, a theoretical framework was created which included theories about attitudes such as Balance Theory and Theory of planned behavior (TPB). The theoretical framework also included theories about brands such as brand image and was used to support the data collection and analysis. The study used a qualitative method, where twelve interviews were conducted to collect data about Swedish consumers' attitudes towards brands that engage in CSA. The interviews were performed by exposing the participants to four examples of brands engaging in sociopolitical issues. The participants were then asked questions about each example. After the interviews, the data was analysed with the help of the theoretical framework. The study concluded that respondents were skeptical whether or not companies genuinely cared for their sociopolitical issues. The study also showed that respondents' brand image changed based on respondents' personal attitude towards the sociopolitical issue. Respondents also expressed that CSA did not make the brand unique or was something they would associate with the brand in the future. Lastly the study showed that respondents perceived that the brand's product had a stronger influence on the purchase intention than the attitude towards the brands position in a sociopolitical issue.
37
Křižanová, Lucie. "Studium vlastností ettringitu v dlouhodobém horizontu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372149.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on monitoring attributes of ettringite in long term horizon, especially on his thermodynamic stability. Ettringit was prepared in two ways. Firstly, it is a method of hydration of yeelimite, secondly, ettringit is prepared by addition of aluminium sulphate and calcium hydroxide.
38
Hodgkinson, Brent C. "The effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on antioxidant status in the male Wistar rat." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9042.
Full textAbstract:
Antioxidant utilization potentially is an excellent index of oxidative stress. These studies assessed the effects of two doses of CsA (10 mg/kg/day and 20 mg/kg/day for 14 days) on antioxidant status in numerous tissues, and on the function and structure of testis and kidney in male Wistar rats. Animals were placed on either vitamin E sufficient or deficient diets and injected subcutaneously with either CsA or vehicle. Vitamin E levels in various tissues were measured using the very sensitive technique of gas chomatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the effect of CsA on vitamin E status and the protective extent of vitamin E on CsA toxicity. Oxidative damage was also assessed by measuring levels of GSH and protein sulfliydryl (PSH) content using colorimetric methods. In addition, frozen sections of kidney and testes were subjected to standard Hematoxylin and Eosin staining to examine these tissues for structural alterations following CsA treatment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
39
Tarragó, Diego Pereira. "Processo de combustão de solução aspergida (CSA) para a obtenção de eletrodos para SOFC." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169811.
Full textAbstract:
A diminuição nos custos de fabricação das SOFC e também a flexibilização do combustível utilizado em seu abastecimento são obstáculos que, uma vez transpostos, podem possibilitar a utilização em larga escala das SOFC. A melhoria no desempenho dos componentes das SOFC pode fazer esse dispositivo trabalhar em temperaturas mais baixas, facilitando a operação do dispositivo e aumentando sua vida útil. Nesse sentido, é útil o desenvolvimento de métodos de fabricação simples e de baixo custo de componentes de SOFC, que atualmente são obtidos na forma de filmes finos cerâmicos. Assim, é proposto o desenvolvimento de uma nova técnica baseada na reação de combustão para síntese de pós e a aerografia, no intuito de, por via úmida, obter filmes finos porosos de composições cerâmicas. Foram realizadas deposições de manganitas de lantânio dopadas com estrôncio e cromo (LSM e LSCM) e óxido de cério dopado com lantânio (LCO) sobre substratos de zircônia estabilizada com ítria (YSZ) e de aço AISI 430, com o propósito de verificar a viabilidade do método de combustão de solução aspergida (CSA) proposto neste trabalho. Embora vários dos filmes fabricados tenham ficado descontínuos ou com uma quantidade excessiva de trincas, alguns resultados foram satisfatórios. Alguns filmes de LSM depositados sobre YSZ apresentaram tamanho de grão reduzido, da ordem de algumas dezenas de nanômetros, e uma porosidade fina e interconectada que levou o material a apresentar um bom desempenho eletroquímico, visando sua aplicação como cátodo de SOFC. A partir das suas propriedades eletroquímicas e, principalmente, pela energia de ativação dos processos do eletrodo, verificou-se que a microestrutura conferida pelo método de CSA proporcionou uma melhoria no desempenho da LSM. Os filmes de LSM obtidos nesse trabalho apresentaram energias de ativação inferiores a 1,26 eV, enquanto na literatura são encontrados valores mais altos para meia-células semelhantes.Lowering fabrication costs of SOFC’s and also their fuel flexibility are obstacles that, once transposed, can make possible the mass utilization of such devices. The improvement on the performance of SOFC’s components can allow these devices to work in lower temperatures, facilitating their operation and increasing their lifespan. In this sense, is very useful the development of simple and cheap fabrication techniques of SOFC’s components, which are nowadays obtained in the form of thin ceramic films. Thus, the development of a new fabrication method is proposed, based on the solution combustion synthesis reaction and airbrush painting, in order to obtain, by a wet chemical route, thin and porous ceramic films. Depositions of strontium and cobalt doped lanthanum manganites (LSM and LSCM) and lanthanum doped cerium oxide (LCO) were carried out over yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and AISI 430 steel with the intent of verifying the viability of the Airbrushed Solution Combustion (ASC) method, proposed in this work. Although several films fabricated by ASC were discontinuous or excessively cracked, some results were satisfactory. Some LSM films deposited over YSZ showed reduced grain size, in the order of tens of nanometers, and a fine interconnected porosity, which led the material to present good electrochemical performance, aiming its application as a SOFC’s cathode. From their electrochemical properties and, mainly, through activation energy of the electrode processes, it was seeing that the microstructure acquired with the ASC method enhanced the overall performance of LSM. The LSM films obtained in this work showed activation energies below 1,26 eV, while in the literature the values are higher than this for similar half-cells.
40
Al-Kaabi, Noura Salem. "A fuzzy-based construction safety advisor (CSA) for construction safety in the United Arab." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1147971772.
Full text
41
Pomares, Marco Marta. "Estudi de nous agents de solvatació quiral: a,a'-bis(trifluorometil)-9,10-antracendimetanol i altres." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3132.
Full textAbstract:
El present treball es basa en la síntesi de nous agents de solvatació quiral els quals són més eficients i versàtils que els ja existents en el mercat. Per tal d'assolir aquest objectiu s'han realitzat diverses modificacions a l'estructura dels CSA més habituals, tal i com els comercials alcohol de Pirkle i la 1-(1-naftil)etilamina. Posteriorment s'ha avaluat l'efecte d'aquestes modificacions en front del comportament d'aquests nous agents de solvatació quiral. A partir d'aquest treball s'han pogut establir diversos fets i conclusions. L'alcohol 2,2-dimetil-1-(1-naftil)propanol s'ha sintetitzat i els seus enantiomers s'han resolt però la seva capacitat com a agent de solvatació quiral sembla presentar una capacitat no tan bona com la proporcionada per l'alcohol de Pirkle. El compost a,a'-bis(trifluorometil)-9,10-antracendimetanol ha estat sintetitzat i els seus diastereoisòmers s'han separat eficientment. S'ha demostrat el bon comportament com a CSA en front de diversos soluts racèmics. Aquest alcohol presenta una gran capacitat per induir enantiodiferenciació amb mescles racèmiques, la qual cosa h a permès demostrar un millor comportament si es compara amb els resultats obtinguts a partir de l'alcohol de Pirkle. S'ha determinat l'estequiometria dels complexos d'associació formats, la qual cosa ha permès determinar que en tots els casos estudiats la relació és 1 a 1; encara que l'alcohol presenta a la seva estructura dos grups funcionals. S'ha dut a terme l'estudi de les constants d'equilibri (K). S'ha observat que les constants (K) augmenten en disminuir la temperatura.A més, s'ha estudiat la síntesi per tal d'obtenir l'alcohol (R,R)-a,a'-bis(trifluorometil)-9,10-antracendimetanol de forma enantiopura de forma molt exitosa.
Aquest alcohol s'ha utilitzat a com a auxiliar quiral en una reacció de Diels-Alder. S'ha sintetitzat el mono-acrilat d'aquest alcohol i s'ha fet reaccionar amb ciclopentadiè per formar els respectius adductes diastereoisomèrics. El e.d. obtingut és del 70%. És el mateix resultat que quan s'utilitza l'acrilat de l'alcohol de Pirkle.
S'ha desenvolupat una metodologia per obtenir el perdeutero-a,a'-bis(trifluorometil)-9,10-antracendimetanol i s'exposen les avantatges d'utilitzar CSA perdeuterats quan es realitzen experiments de RMN per tal de determinar l'e.e de les mostres. Els propis senyals del CSA en 1H i 13C NMR desapareixen.
Múltiples mètodes sintètics s'han desenvolupat per tal d'obtenir l'a,a'-diamino-9,10-antracendietà. Només utilitzant 9,10-antracendicarboxaldehid, com a reactiu de partida, i realitzant una reacció de Mitsunobu del derivat alcohol proporciona l'amina. El producte s'obté amb baix rendiment. Aquest és el motiu pel qual és rebutja l'ús d'aquesta amina com a CSA
The present work is based on the synthesis of new chiral solvating agents which are more efficient and versatile than the ones in the current market. In order to reach this objective a number of modifications have been introduced in the structure of the common CSA, such as Pirkle's alcohol, and 1-(1-naphtyl)ethylamine, and then the effect of these changes in the behaviour of these new compounds as chiral solvating agents has been evaluated. From this work several facts and conclusions can be stated. The alcohol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-(1-naphthyl)propanol, has been synthesized and its enantiomers have been separated but its capacity as chiral solvating agent seem to be not as good as the capacity of Pirkle's alcohol.
The compound a,a'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9,10-anthracenedimethanol has been synthesized and their diastereoisomers have been separated efficiently. The good behaviour of this product as a chiral solvating agent (CSA) towards several enantiomeric molecules has been tested. This alcohol has showed a large capacity to induce enantiodifferentiation in racemic mixtures, which shows, in all cases, a much better capacity than using Pirkle's alcohol. The stoichiometry of the association complexes has been determined concluding that the ratio is usually 1:1, although this alcohol presents two functional groups. A study of the equilibrium constant (K) has been carried out and has been demonstrated that K increases when temperature decreases.
Furthermore, it has been developed a synthesis to obtain enantiopure (R,R)-a,a'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9,10-anthracenedimethanol in a very good yield.
This alcohol has also been tested as a chiral auxiliary in a Diels-Alder reaction. The mono-acrylate of this alcohol has been obtained and it has reacted with cyclopentadiene to form distereoisomeric adducts. The d.e obtained is 70%. It is the same as the one obtained when Pirkle's acrylate is used.
A synthetic method has been developed to obtain perdeuterio--a,a'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9,10-anthracenedimethanol and the advantages of using a perdeuterated CSA are clearly showed when NMR experiments are made to determine e.e of the samples. The own signals of the CSA in 1H and 13C NMR disappear.
Several synthetic methods have been developed to obtain a,a'-diamino-9,10-anthracenediethane. But only using 9,10-anthracendicarboxaldehide, as starting material, and making the Mitsunobu reaction of its alcohol derivative afforded the amine. The compound is obtained in low yield, so that is the reason why the use of this amine as CSA is rejected.
42
Bergh, Charlotta. "Intra-Familial and Extra-Familial Child Sexual Abuse: Differences in Swedish Court Cases." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136652.
Full textAbstract:
Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been shown to differ depending on the relationship between child complainant and defendant, yet no found studies have compared intra-familial and extra-familial CSA in Sweden. The present thesis aimed to study quantitative differences between alleged intra-familial and extra-familial cases of CSA. Cases from Swedish District Courts (n = 174) of sexual abuse against children up to 7 years old were analyzed. In line with previous research, several differences in characteristics between alleged intra- and extra-familial cases were found. A significant difference in juridical decision to convict or acquit was also shown, with more intra-familial cases resulting in acquittal and more extra-familial cases resulting in conviction. Extra-familial relationship was also a significant predictor to conviction. Future studies may want to further examine whether an explanation for the difference in juridical decision could be found in differences in evidence provided.Fall rörande sexuella övergrepp på barn har visats vara olika beroende vilket förhållande det målsägande barnet och den anklagade har. Trots det har inga svenska studier hittats som jämför rättsfall som berör sexuella övergrepp på barn med avseende på skillnader mellan fall som skett inom och utom familjen. Syftet med denna examensuppsats var att undersöka kvantitativa skillnader mellan påstådda rättsfall av sexuella övergrepp som skett inom och utom familjen. Rättsfall som berörde sexuella övergrepp på barn upp till 7 år från svenska tingsrätter (n = 174) analyserades. I linje med tidigare forskning påvisades flertalet skillnader mellan fall som skett inom och utanför familjen. Det påvisades även en signifikant skillnad i domstolens beslut att fria eller fälla, med fler friade fall som skett inom familj och fler fällda fall där det påstådda brottet skett utanför familj. En utom-familjär relation mellan målsägande och anklagade var dessutom en signifikant prediktor för en fällande dom. Förslag på framtida forskning kan vara att vidare undersöka huruvida skillnaden i beslutet att fria eller fälla kan förklaras av skillnader i tillgången på bevis.
43
Quezada, Ivan. "Investigating Rapid Concrete Repair Materials and Admixtures." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7398.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents a literature review of the state-of-practice for the use of IC in concrete mixtures and how structural engineers and construction engineers can adapt IC to their present and future work. Current high early strength concrete mixtures have natural cracking and shrinkage problems due to the high content of cementitious material or their chemical components. Using IC allows for early strength, enhanced durability, reduced shrinkage and a better curing by providing water that can be absorbed by the cement past after the final set. Rapid hydration and high early strength Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) concretes are commonly used as pavement repair media. The fresh properties (slump, setting time), mechanical properties (elastic modulus, compressive and tensile strength), and volume stability (autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, restrained ring shrinkage, and creep) of rapid repair media were evaluated with and without internal curing with saturated lightweight aggregate. Significant improvements in volume stability were also noted. Results indicate that internal curing can successfully improve volume stability and mitigate restrained shrinkage cracking in rapid repair media without compromising fresh properties or ultimate mechanical strength. Maturity was observed for CSA mixtures and exhibited a correlation with compressive strength development which could be beneficial for rapid repair media on the field.
44
BOURGEOIS, HERVE. "Etudes dynamiques par relaxation rmn en solution. Analyse de termes de relaxation dipole-dipole, d'anisotropie de deplacement chimique (csa), et de correlation croisee dipolaire et dipolaire-csa. Application a une serie de catenands." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13250.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail a consiste en l'etude approfondie des phenomenes de relaxation dans des systemes de spins 1/2, ceci afin de decrire au mieux les processus de reorientation moleculaire presents dans une serie de molecules appartenant a la famille des catenands. Nous avons analyse et interprete les differents termes de relaxation dipole-dipole et d'anisotropie de deplacement chimique presents dans les systemes de spins consideres. Dans ce cadre, nous avons egalement envisage l'etude de la relaxation croisee, en determinant avec precision des termes croises de relaxation longitudinale dans le cas homonucleaire et heteronucleaire. L'ensemble de ces parametres de relaxation a ete determine a differentes valeurs du champs magnetique. L'ajustement de ces differents parametres, selon le modele a deux paliers, a permis de decrire les processus de reorientation presents dans notre serie de catenands, ceci en termes de temps de correlation et de parametres d'ordre. Ces etudes ont ete realisees a differentes valeurs de la temperature, dans une gamme particulierement large allant de 298 a 373 k. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons tente de mettre en evidence d'autres types de couplage dynamique pouvant affecter la relaxation dans un systeme de spins 1/2: les termes de correlation croisee, qui font intervenir deux interactions a la fois. Ces termes ont ete mesures dans differents systemes de type ax et amx, puis interpretes en termes de grandeurs moleculaires
45
Rotoli, Liliane Ubeda Morandi [UNESP]. "Análise da relação entre produtor e consumidor vinculados a CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) do Estado de São Paulo sob a ótica da economia dos custos de transação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141919.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Liliane Úbeda Morandi Rotoli null (lilianemorandi@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-25T12:32:17Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
LilianeUbedaMorandiRotoli_PGAD_TUPA_Abril2016.pdf: 4209302 bytes, checksum: cce94f81cce55574df2e78b200a15c4c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-28T11:57:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rotoli_lum_me_tupa.pdf: 4209302 bytes, checksum: cce94f81cce55574df2e78b200a15c4c (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T11:57:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rotoli_lum_me_tupa.pdf: 4209302 bytes, checksum: cce94f81cce55574df2e78b200a15c4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-04
A agricultura familiar depara-se com diversas barreiras no sistema agropecuário brasileiro. Pode-se citar a falta de estrutura de escoamento da produção, carência de recursos, distância do mercado consumidor e a distribuição do produto no que se refere ao acesso ao mercado e custos das transações. Uma estratégia de diferenciação para os agricultores familiares e que contribui para a competitividade é a produção de produtos orgânicos. Em razão da fragilidade dos agricultores familiares na distribuição dos produtos o agricultor deve eliminar intermediários, e sendo assim, o canal direto de comercialização se torna um mecanismo eficiente para o agricultor. O objeto de análise do presente estudo utilizou o canal direto Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), que é um mecanismo de comercialização de produtos da agricultura, que tem como proposta sustentar a agricultura, especificamente relacionada ao manejo orgânico, por meio de uma proximidade maior entre ambos agentes, agricultor e consumidor, sendo que este último se compromete a realizar pagamentos antecipados para que o agricultor possa produzir seus produtos e planejar a sua produção. Esta pesquisa foi motivada pela análise da relação de comercialização entre os agricultores e consumidores, e utilizou a teoria da Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT) para dar embasamento teórico à pesquisa. Portanto, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar a estrutura de governança utilizada nas CSAs do Estado de São Paulo e o alinhamento das características das transações e das características dos agentes agricultores e consumidores envolvidos. A pesquisa teve natureza quali - quantitativa, com aplicação do método survey. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016 com 241 famílias (27,5% da população) e 11 agricultores (91,6% da população) do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram que a motivação dos agricultores em participar das CSAs envolvem fatores ambientais, proximidade com o consumidor e ideologias, já para os consumidores, o que os motiva são fatores relacionados ao meio ambiente, produtos de qualidade e procedência, e ajudar um agricultor. A análise do ambiente institucional mostrou que a legislação de produção orgânica brasileira é a única regra formal sobre a atividade. Os agricultores e consumidores das CSAs analisadas apresentaram bom alinhamento quanto às características das transações e dos agentes, de modo geral. Os agricultores e consumidores apresentaram desalinhamento quanto à incerteza, mostrando que há necessidade de adaptações no acordo (formal/informal) entre os agentes. Existe racionalidade limitada entre os agentes, uma vez que não há troca de informação em relação a alguns aspectos da transação como por exemplo qualidade e quantidade dos produtos consumidos, previsão de volume produzido, e isto prejudica a previsão de transações futuras. Por fim, a estrutura de governança identificada na relação de comercialização entre agricultores e consumidores é a híbrida e é adequada para a eficiência da coordenação e diminuição dos custos de transação. No entanto, sugere-se que sejam incorporados alguns elementos no acordo para reduzir o nível de incerteza do agricultor, e ainda que tal acordo seja formalizado entre ambas as partes.
Family farming faces several barriers in the Brazilian Agricultural System. Such barriers include the lack of flow of production structure, lack of resources away from the consumer market, distance from the consumer market and the distribution of the product in relation to market access and transaction costs. A differentiation strategy for family farmers that contributes to competitiveness, is the production of organic products. Due to the fragility of family farmers in the distribution of farm products, the elimination of the middleman results in a direct marketing channel, which creates an efficient mechanism for the farmer. The analysis of a current study used the direct channel Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), which is a marketing mechanism for agriculture products used directly between farmer and consumer. The CSA have also proposed a form of sustainable agriculture, specifically related to organic farm management. By having the agents, farmers and consumers, work more closely together, prepayments may be made to the farmer in order to produce products and plan production. This research was conducted in order to analyze the marketing relationship between farmers and consumers, and used the theory of Tansaction-Costs Economics (ECT) to give theoretical basis for research. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to analyze the governance’s structure used in the CSAs of the São Paulo State and the alignment of the transaction characteristics and the characteristics of farmers’ agents and consumers involved. The research was qualitative and quantitative in nature and was applied using the Survey Method. The data was collected between December of 2015 and January of 2016 with 241 families (27.5% of the population) and 11 farmers (91.6% of the population) of São Paulo. The results indicated that the motivation of farmers to participate in CSAs involve environmental factors, as well as proximity to the consumer and ideologies. In contrast, consumers were motivated by factors that related to the environment, product quality and origin, and in the interest of helping the farmer. The analysis of the institutional environment showed that Brazilian organic production legislation is the only formal rule relevant to the activity. The farmers and consumers of CSAs that were analyzed showed good alignment on the characteristics of the transactions between agents. Farmers and consumers showed misalignment as the uncertainty, showing that there is need for adjustments to the agreement (formal / informal) between agents. There is a limited rationality between agents, since there is no exchange of information in relation to some aspects of the transaction such as: quality and quantity of consumed products, prediction of production volumes, and this impairs the prediction of future transactions. Overall, the governance structure identified in the marketing relationship between farmers and consumers is the hybrid and is appropriate for coordination efficiency and decreased transaction costs. However, certain elements, such as the formalization of the arrangements between both parties, should be incorporated within the deal in order to reduce the farmer's level of uncertainty.
46
Avril, Marion. "Etude du phénotype CSA dans le cadre du développement d'un vaccin contre le paludisme placentaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20678.
Full textAbstract:
Le but de ce travail a été d'identifier et de caractériser un ou plusieurs antigènes pouvant entrer dans le développement d'un vaccin contre le paludisme de la femme enceinte. Cet accès grave du paludisme est dû à la séquestration d'hématies parasitées (Hp) par Plasmodium falciparum de phénotype adhérant à la chondroitine sulfate A (CSA) dans le compartiment maternel du placenta. Nous avons développé des anticorps monoclonaux (acm) anti-var1CSA et anti-var2CSA spécifiquement dirigés contre les antigènes des Hp adhérant sur CSA. Ces acm sont capables d'inhiber la cytoadhérence des Hp de phénotype CSA, comme nous avons pu le démontrer grâce à un nouveau modèle de cytoadhérence des Hp sous flux sur des cryocoupes de placentas humains. Parmi les deux gènes varCSA connus, seule la transcription du gène var2CSA est augmentée dans les parasites placentaires. Afin d'analyser ces nouvelles données, nous avons produit des molécules recombinantes correspondant aux protéines parasitaires codées par les gènes varCSA (PfEMP1-var1CSA et -var2CSA) et prouvé leur fonctionnalité. En parallèle, grâce à nos acm inhibiteurs, nous avons identifié quatre domaines DBL du gène var2CSA qui pourraient être à l'origine de l'induction d'anticorps inhibiteurs de la cytoadhérence de ce phénotypeWe aimed to identify and to characterize one or several antigens of potential use for the development of a vaccine against pregnancy-associated malaria. This severe form of malaria results from the sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) adhering to chondroitin sulfate (CSA) in the maternal part of the placenta. We have developed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against var1CSA and var2CSA specifically targeting the antigens of IEs with CSA-binding phenotypes, as demonstrated in a new model of IE cytoadhesion to cryosections of human placenta in flow conditions. The var2CSA gene is the only one of the two known var genes to display an increase in transcription in placental parasites. We have generated recombinant molecules corresponding to the parasite proteins encoded by the varCSA genes (PfEMP1-var1CSA and PfEMP1var2CSA) for further analyses and to demonstrate their functionality. In parallel, using our inhibitory mabs, we have identified four DBL domains of the var2CSA gene that may elicit antibodies inhibiting the cytoadhesion of IEs with this phenotype
47
Heaphy, Emily Lenore Goldman. "Evaluation of HIV-risk behaviors of Puerto Rican women with severe mental illness in Cuyahoga County, Ohio." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1238002659.
Full text
48
Šemberová, Jana. "Vliv ekonomické krize na podnikatelské aktivity společnosti ČSA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77364.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with economical and accounting results of the national airline operator of the Czech Republic, Czech Airlines, Inc. (further referred to as CSA), and the global economical crisis effect on airline operators. This crisis hit all sectors of economic activity, including air transport, in the years 2008-2009. The main objective of this thesis is an evaluation of the anti-crisis measures CSA adopted during the last 5 years and its impact on the company's economy, especially on the operating income or operating loss which managed to be 3.7 billion Kc in 2009. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to basic characteristics of CSA, specifically its historical development, transport net progress and the current position of CSA on the air transport market. The second chapter talks about the operational and economical situation at CSA and the third chapter explains reclassification activities of CSA and its attempts for recovery.
49
Davidson, Lance Eric. "Physical Activity and Changes in Abdominal Fat Over 18 Months: A Prospective Study of Middle-Aged Women." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1140.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To investigate the extent to which changes in physical activity predict changes in abdominal fat in women over an 18-month period, while statistically controlling the effects of possible confounders, such as age, total body fat percent, and energy intake. Design: A prospective cohort design over 18 months. There was no intervention or treatment. Changes in objectively-measured physical activity were used to predict changes in abdominal fat over the study period. Subjects: 110 healthy, middle-aged women (mean: 41.3±3.3 yrs), primarily Caucasian, educated, and married. Measurements: An objective measure of physical activity (ACT) using CSA accelerometers, worn continuously for 7 consecutive days at baseline and again at follow-up. Total body fat and abdominal fat percent were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Energy intake was estimated using 7-day, weighed food records for the days in which subjects wore accelerometers. Results: No significant change between baseline and follow-up means for abdominal fat, physical activity, or energy intake over the study period. Moreover, change in physical activity was not a significant predictor of change in abdominal fat, with or without statistical control of confounders. Change in energy intake was a predictor of abdominal fat (P=0.0688), and this association was strengthened after adjusting for age, baseline total body fat, and changes in physical activity. Conclusions: Apparently, when measured using accelerometers, changes in physical activity are not predictive of changes in abdominal fat over an 18-month period. However, changes in energy intake seem to predict changes in abdominal fat. Evidently, increases and decreases in abdominal fat are more a function of energy intake than physical activity in middle-aged women.
50
Li, Yanlong. "The Investigation of Inorganic Co Based ReRAM Devices and Organic Cu Doped PANI-CSA Top Electrode Based ReRAM Devices." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97191.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, the resistance switching random access memory (ReRAM) in several MIM systems has been studied extensively for applications to the next generation non-volatile memory (NVM) devices and memristors since the scaling of conventional memories based on floating gate MOSFETs is getting increasingly difficult. ReRAM is being considered one of the most promising candidates for next generation non-volatile memory due to its relatively high switching speed, superior scalability, low power consumption, good retention and simple fabrication method. Cu/TaOX/Pt resistive switching device is a very good candidate due to its well performance and well characterization. However, since platinum (Pt) acting as the inert electrode is not economical efficient for industrial production, a compatible replacement of Pt is highly desirable. The device property of Co based resistive switching devices has been explored in this work. Compared with Pt devices, electric characterization of the fabricated Cu/TaOX/Co devices exhibits very similar FORM, SET and RESET voltages for Cu conductive filaments. However, for the oxygen vacancy (VO) filament the Co device has a significant smaller FORM, SET and RESET voltages of VO filament, which can be partly attributed to the work function difference between Pt and Co of 1.35 V and partly to the impaired integrity properties of Co vs Pt inert electrode. The limit of SET-RESET operations is mainly due to the geometrical shape of the Cu conductive filament is more cylindered rather than Cone-like shape as well as the high Joules heat dissipation. What’s more, ReRAM is also the most promising candidate for a flexible memory, as a variety of materials can be used both inorganics, organics and even hybrid nanocomposites. Besides inorganic ReRAM device, we also fabricated an organic ReRAM device with the structure Cu doped PANI-CSA/O-AA/Al. We have manufactured ReRAM based on Cu-doped PANI-CSA polymer electrode, O-AA as the polymer solid electrolyte and Al as the bottom electrode for the first time. This polymer device shows a significantly lower forming voltage than inorganic ReRAM devices such as Cu/TaOX/Pt. Our results also demonstrate that our organic ReRAM is a promising candidate for inexpensive candidate for inexpensive and environmentally friendly memory devices. We have demonstrated that the FORM operation of the polymer devices depends on the concentration of Cu+ ions as well as the thickness of the polymer electrode.M.S.
Although the scaling of conventional memories such as volatile dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and non-volatile flash technology is becoming increasingly difficult, new types of non-volatile memories, such as resistive switching memories, have recently attracted the attention of both industry and academia. Resistive switching memory is considered as the next generation non-volatile memory because of its excellent scalability, high switching speed, simple structure and low power consumption. What’s more, ReRAM is also a promising candidate for a flexible memory, as a variety of materials can be used both inorganics, organics and even hybrid nanocomposites. ReRAM shows unique nanoionics based filamentary switching mechanism. Besides the nonvolatile memory applications, resistive switching devices implement the formation of a memristor, which is the fourth basic electrical component and can be used for neuromorphic computing. First, we report the device property of Co based resistive switching devices with a structure of Cu/TaOX/Co layers. The I-V characteristics of the manufactured Cu/TaOX/Co devices shows very similar FORM, SET and RESET voltages for Cu conductive filaments compared with Pt device. However, the Co device has a significant smaller FORM, SET and RESET voltages for oxygen vacancy (VO) filaments, which can be partly attributed to the work function difference between Pt and Co of 13.5 eV and partly to the impaired integrity properties of Co vs Pt inert electrode. The main reason for the limit of SET-RESET operations is that high Joules heat dissipation. With high Joules heat accumulation, the maximum switching cycles of Co devices is up to 8 times, while in the case of Pt cases, it is almost unlimited. Secondly, we fabricated an organic ReRAM device with the structure Cu-doped PANI-CSA/O-AA/Al. Cu-doped PANI-CSA polymer electrode has been introduced for the first time as the top polymer electrode of a ReRAM device. Compared to inorganic ReRAM device, this polymer device can be operated at a significantly lower forming voltage than inorganic devices such as Cu/TaOX/Pt. We have demonstrated that our organic ReRAM is a promising candidate for environmentally friendly and flexible memory devices. Our results demonstrate the FORM operation of the polymer devices depend on the concentration of Cu+ ions as well as the thickness of the polymer top layer.