Academic literature on the topic 'CSAI-2R'

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Journal articles on the topic "CSAI-2R"

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Cox, Richard H., Matthew P. Martens, and William D. Russell. "Measuring Anxiety in Athletics: The Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 25, no. 4 (December 2003): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.519.

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The purpose of this study was to use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to revise the factor structure of the CSAI-2 using one data set, and then to use CFA to validate the revised structure using a second data set. The first data set (calibration sample) consisted of 503 college-age intramural athletes, and the second (validation sample) consisted of 331 intercollegiate (Division I) and interscholastic athletes. The results of the initial CFA on the calibration sample resulted in a poor fit to the data. Using the Lagrange Multiplier Test (Gamma) as a guide, CSAI-2 items that loaded on more than one factor were sequentially deleted. The resulting 17-item revised CSAI-2 was then subjected to a CFA using the validation data sample. The results of this CFA revealed a good fit of the data to the model (CFI = .95, NNFI = .94, RMSEA = .054). It is suggested that the CSAI-2R instead of the CSAI-2 be used by researchers and practitioners for measuring competitive state anxiety in athletes.
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Sancho, Antonio Zarauz, Francisco Ruiz-Juan, Félix Arbinaga Ibarzábal, José Carlos Jaenes Sánchez, and Gabriel Flores-Allende. "Modelo predictor de las motivaciones para correr: análisis con corredores de ruta españoles vs. mexicanos." Universitas Psychologica 14, no. 2 (September 7, 2015): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy14-2.mpmc.

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En la práctica de ejercicio físico, estudiar las motivaciones implicadas en que un sujeto desarrolle tal actividad, se ha convertido en uno de los temas fundamentales de la psicología del deporte y el ejercicio. Se pretendía conocer qué relaciones predictivas presentaban el compromiso a correr, la ansiedad competitiva y la percepción de éxito en las carreras en ruta sobre los motivos para realizarlas. Participaron 1.795 corredores de fondo en ruta (1.105 españoles, 690 mexicanos). De ellos el 85.65% fueron hombres con una edad de M=38.98 (DT=10.45), y 14.35% mujeres, con una edad M=37.88 (DT=9.80). La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante las adaptaciones al castellano de las Motivations of Marathoners Scales-34 (MOMS-34), la Commitment to Running Scale-11 (CR-11), el Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) y el Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ). Se ha obtenido que los mexicanos, frente al grupo de españoles, alcanzaron mayores puntuaciones en todas las subescalas de las MOMS-34, en la CR-11, en el POSQ y en las subescalas Autoconfianza del CSAI-2R, pero menor puntuación en ansiedad somática, no habiendo diferencias significativas en ansiedad cognitiva. Por último, los siete modelos predictivos basados en los análisis de regresión fueron muy similares cuando se compararon las dos nacionalidades agrupadas por el sexo del participante, obteniéndose unas varianzas explicativas muy altas. Pero se mostraron como modelos predictivos diferenciales cuando se compararon los hombres vs. las mujeres.
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Borges, Pablo José, Roberto Ruiz-Barquín, and Ricardo De la Vega. "Validez convergente de la escala POMS-VIC (Validation and convergent analysis of the scale POMS-VIC)." Retos 42 (June 16, 2021): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.87395.

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Este estudio pretende analizar la validez convergente de un instrumento para la medición tridimensional de los estados de ánimo: el POMS-VIC. El instrumento fue aplicado a 62 estudi antes del Servicio de deportes de la UAM. Se compararon las puntuaciones ofrecidas por los deportistas al completar el POMS-VIC y otras pruebas similares (PIED) Perfil Interactivo de Estados de ánimo (Barrios & González, 2012); (STAI) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Guillén-Riquelme & Buela-Casal, 2011) y el (CSAI-2R) Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (Andrade et al., 2007). Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación por rangos de Spearman y contraste no paramétrico de grupos mediante la prueba U de Mann Whitney. Apreciando correlaciones medias entre PIED y POMS_Intensidad (rho=−.61), POMS_Valencia (rho=.34) y POMS_Control (rho=.43). Así como entre POMS_Intensidad y las tres subescalas del CSAI (Cognitivo, rho=−.31), (Somático, rho=-.55) y (Autoconfianza, rho=.56). Se concluye que existe una relación significativa y relevante entre el POMS-VIC y los diferentes instrumentos considerados. Este resultado indica que la propuesta es válida para la medida del estado emocional y de los estados de ánimo, pudiéndose utilizar este instrumento en el ámbito deportivo. Por tanto, se considera que el instrumento puede tener una repercusión práctica y significativa en el ámbito de la psicología del deporte. Abstract. This study aims to analyze the convergent validity of an instrument for the three-dimensional measurement of mood states: the POMS-VIC. The instrument was applied to 62 students from the UAM Sports Service. The scores offered by the athletes when completing the POMS-VIC and other similar tests (PIED) Interactive Profile of Moods, (Barrios & González, 2012); (STAI) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Guillén-Riquelme & Buela-Casal, 2011) and (CSAI-2R) Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (Andrade et al., 2007) were compared. The correlation coefficient was calculated by Spearman rank and non-parametric group contrast using the Mann Whitney U test. Appreciating mean correlations between PIED and POMS_Intensidad (rho=-.61), POMS_Valencia (rho=.34) and POMS_Control (rho=.43). As well as between POMS_Intensidad and the three subscales of CSAI (Cognitive, rho=-.31), (Somatic, rho=-.55) and (Selfconfidence, rho=.56). It is concluded that there is a considerable relationship between the POMS-VIC and the considered instruments. This result implies that the proposal scale is valid for the mood state measurement and allows its use in the sports field. Therefore, the instrument is considered to have an important practical impact for sport psychology.
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Santana, Bruna Alves, Higor dos Santos de Souza, Bruna Maria Genuíno Sousa, Douglas Versuti Arantes Alvarenga, Rosana Lopes da Silva Garcia, and Ivan Wallan Tertuliano. "Níveis de ansiedade de atletas no início e no final de um campeonato de basquetebol." Conexões 18 (July 7, 2020): e020004. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/conex.v18i0.8657806.

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Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o nível de ansiedade pré-competitiva de atletas de basquetebol, das categorias de base de um clube esportivo, comparando o nível de ansiedade pré-competitiva no início e no final do campeonato de 2018. Metodologia: Para isso, participaram do estudo 26 atletas, voluntários, do sexo masculino, federados, com idades entre 13 e 15 anos. Os atletas responderam o Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2r (CSAI-2r). Resultados e discussão: Os resultados demonstraram que os atletas apresentaram escores elevados de autoconfiança e valores baixos de ansiedade somática, tanto no início, quanto no final do campeonato de 2018. Além disso, durante o campeonato, os valores de autoconfiança mantiveram-se estáveis, sendo sempre superiores aos valores de ansiedade. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que durante o campeonato de 2018 os atletas apresentaram um elevado escore de autoconfiança e que esse elevado escore tem direta influência nos valores baixos de ansiedade cognitiva e somática, corroborando a teoria Multidimensional da ansiedade.
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Prieto, Joel Manuel. "Psychological state of runners. Differences between federated and non-federated." Revista Guillermo de Ockham 16, no. 1 (June 13, 2018): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/22563202.3845.

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The purpose of this study is to meet the motivations and psychological state of the popular runners, differentiating between federated and non-federated, and between men and women. The sample was composed of 473 popular runners, using Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS) and CSAI-2R to evaluate motivation and anxiety. The results indicate that federated runners present higher scores in sense of life and lower scores in self-confidence, achievement of personal goal, self-esteem and recognition search. On the other hand, the men obtained significantly higher scores on physical fitness, social interaction and attraction to the competition, convenience and competition and lower scores on the meaning of life.
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Peron, D., and V. R. Elsner. "The influence of sex on pre-competition anxiety in wheelchair athletes." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190064.

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Recent scientific studies conducted with athletes of various sports modalities showed that pre-competition anxiety directly affects the performance and yield of athletes, damaging their results. However, studies with wheelchair fencing athletes, as well as the influence of sex on pre-competition anxiety, have not yet been conducted. To analyse the influence of sex on pre-competition anxiety in wheelchair fencing athletes. The sample consisted of eighteen (n=18) athletes, divided into men (n=10) and women (n=8). All were competitors of wheelchair fencing, participants of the two Brazilian cups, the national sports calendar, in the year 2018, linked to the Brazilian Paralympic Committee. For data collection, the athletes responded to a semi-structured questionnaire with twenty questions related to life habits and physical, technical, tactical and psychological training and to the anxiety inventory of the competitive state test (CSAI-2R). In the analysis of the CSAI-2R test data there was no statistically significant difference in the total score between men and women (P>0.05). However, when analysing each question separately, some differences were found in questions regarding the body tense, afraid of poor performance and feeling stiffness, the score was higher in women when compared to men. In questions regarding confidence in facing the challenge and be safe, since they imagined reaching the initial objective, the score was higher in men when compared to women (P<0.01; P<0.03, respectively). Pre-competition anxiety is not directly influenced by sex in wheelchair fencing athletes. However, it may be related to the way athletes see, feel and interpret situations that originate in the universe of competitions. Specifically, women have demonstrated greater body tension and are more concerned with their performance, while men have shown themselves to be more self-confident, which seems to be associated with the longest time of practice in the sport.
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Ruiz-Juan, Francisco, Antonio Zarauz Sancho, and Gabriel Flores-Allende. "Ansiedad precompetitiva en corredores de fondo en ruta en función de sus variables de entrenamiento (Precompetitive anxiety in long-distance runners depending on their training variables)." Retos, no. 30 (May 3, 2016): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i30.43674.

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En la práctica deportiva, estudiar las dimensiones de la ansiedad implicadas en que un sujeto desarrolle dicha actividad, se ha convertido en uno de los temas fundamentales de la psicología del deporte y del ejercicio. Se pretendía conocer qué relaciones predictivas presentaban sobre la ansiedad precompetitiva diversas variables de entrenamiento en una amplia muestra de 1795 corredores de fondo en ruta. De ellos, el 85.65% fueron hombres con una edad de M=38.98 (DT=10.45), y el 14.35% mujeres, con una edad M=37.88 (DT=9.80). La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la adaptación al castellano del Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) y de una serie de variables de entrenamiento. Se obtuvieron moderados valores de ansiedad cognitiva y somática y muy altos en autoconfianza, tanto en hombres y mujeres sin diferencias significativas por sexo, así como valiosos datos descriptivos de entrenamiento, que sirvieron para obtener unos sólidos modelos predictivos de la ansiedad y autoconfianza que se discuten.Abstract. In sports, studying the dimensions of anxiety involved in an individual’s practice of an activity has become one of the key themes of the psychology of sport and exercise. The study aim was to find out the predictive effects of various training variables on precompetitive anxiety in a large sample of 1795 long-distance runners. Of these, 85.65% were men, aged M = 38.98 (SD = 10.45), and 14.35% female, aged M = 37.88 (SD = 9.80). Data were collected using a Spanish adaptation of the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) and several training variables. Moderate levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety and very high self-confidence were obtained, for both men and women, with no significant differences by gender, as well as valuable data describing training, which served to obtain solid predictive models of anxiety and self-confidence that were discussed.
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Tertuliano, Ivan Wallan, Fernanda Karen Buzeto, Vivian de Oliveira, Afonso Antonio Machado, and José Maria Montiel. "Os efeitos da idade e do sexo no nível de ansiedade de nadadores de águas abertas." Conexões 17 (October 19, 2019): e019021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/conex.v17i0.8655148.

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Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ansiedade pré-competitiva em nadadores de águas abertas e analisar se a idade e o sexo alteram os níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva. Metodologia: Para isso, o estudo contou com a participação voluntária de 129 nadadores com idade entre 14 e 49 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, todos participantes de competições de águas abertas. Os participantes responderam um questionário. O questionário adotado foi o CSAI-2R (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2r, versão reduzida). Resultados e discussão: Os resultados demonstraram que a autoconfiança apresentou valores elevados para todos os grupos amostrais e que a idade e o sexo não são fatores determinantes para os resultados. Além disso, foi encontrada uma correlação forte entre a subescala somática e a cognitiva, corroborando a teoria Multidimensional da ansiedade, na qual diz que quando a autoconfiança apresenta escores elevados, a ansiedade é baixa. Conclusão: Diante disso, os resultados mostraram que independentemente da idade e do sexo, os nadadores de águas abertas apresentam valores elevados de autoconfiança, o que influencia os escores baixos de ansiedade cognitiva e somática.
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González-Hernández, Juan, Marcial Gomariz-Gea, Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela, and Manuel Gómez-López. "Resilient Resources in Youth Athletes and Their Relationship with Anxiety in Different Team Sports." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 5569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155569.

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The objective of this study is to show the links and differences in the expressions of competitive anxiety in the face of the existence of resilient resources in young athletes, according to sporting (years of experience) and personal (gender) characteristics. To meet these aims, the participants answered the Resilience Scale (RS-14) and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R (CSAI-2R). The sample consisted of 241 adolescent handball and basketball players between 14 and 17 years old. Different analyses were performed, including a differential and multivariate descriptive, a correlation, and a multiple regression. The results showed that anxiety was negatively related to resilience in its acceptance dimension. It was shown that girls showed higher levels of somatic anxiety, while boys showed higher levels of acceptance. Statistically significant differences were found in the resources for acceptance in favor of boys, while there were significantly different indicators in somatic anxiety and self-confidence in favor of girls. The sports experience was positively related to resilience and negatively to anxiety. Although the existence of indicators of cognitive anxiety (e.g., recurrent thoughts or rhyming), coaches and athletes need to understand that they are also indicators of a necessary activation for psychological functioning. Channeling such a process through psychological training of different skills will enhance the capacities for self-confidence.
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Martinent, Guillaume, Claude Ferrand, Emma Guillet, and Sandrine Gautheur. "Validation of the French version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) including frequency and direction scales." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 11, no. 1 (January 2010): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.05.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CSAI-2R"

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Paludo, Ana Carolina. "Esporte e ansiedade pré-competitiva: uma análise dos parâmetros psicofisiológicos e sua relação com o desempenho esportivo em atletas profissionais de futsal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39133/tde-25112016-153047/.

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O estado de ansiedade pré-competitiva e seu possível relacionamento com o desempenho esportivo tem se tornado foco de investigação por diversos pesquisadores, principalmente na área da psicologia do esporte. Entretanto, na modalidade futsal, essa relação ainda encontra-se pouco explorada. Assim o objetivo geral do estudo foi verificar a relação entre ansiedade pré-competitiva e o desempenho esportivo em atletas profissionais de futsal durante os playoffs de um campeonato esportivo. Adicionalmente, buscou-se analisar a possível influência entre a condição de jogo (dentro e fora de casa) e fase do campeonato (quartas de final, semifinal e final) sob as respostas de ansiedade e desempenho, além de aplicar a Teoria da Catástrofe para testar a interação entre ansiedade, excitação fisiológica e desempenho. Para tanto o estudo analisou 16 atletas do sexo masculino de futsal, da categoria sub-20, pertencentes a um clube de elite, do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido durante os playoffs de um campeonato de alta importância para a equipe, sendo as coletadas realizadas nos jogos em casa e fora de casa, nas fases de quartas de final, semifinal e final. Em cada jogo, a coleta ocorreu entre 15 a 30min antes do aquecimento da equipe, sendo avaliados o estado de ansiedade pelo CSAI-2R e a excitação fisiológica pela VFC. O desempenho esportivo foi analisado subjetivamente pelo técnico (questionário em escala Likert). Os tratamentos estatísticos utilizados foram: ANOVA 2x3 para análise da influência da condição e fase do campeonato; a correlação de Pearson para analisar a correlação entre as variáveis analisadas e a regressão linear múltipla que compôs os cálculos da Teoria da Catástrofe. Para todas as análises, foram considerados um alfa de 5%. Como principais resultados destaca-se a relação positiva e significativa da excitação fisiológica e do desempenho entre as diferentes fases da competição. Correlações significativas foram estabelecidas entre as variáveis analisadas, entretanto a maioria delas classificadas como \"moderada\". Através da Teoria da Catástrofe foi possível observar uma positiva interação entre ansiedade, excitação fisiológica e desempenho esportivo. Através dos resultados encontrados, podemos concluir que: o estado de ansiedade pré-competitiva e o desempenho esportivo apresentam uma relação negativa em atletas de futsal. Esta relação pode ser observada com a aplicação da Teoria da Catástrofe, no qual sob altos níveis de ansiedade cognitiva, o desempenho do atleta de futsal tende a diminuir, apenas quando estado de excitação fisiológica estiver elevado. Podemos ainda concluir que a fase da competição pode influenciar significativamente no comportamento dos atletas, através de um aumento no nível de excitação fisiológica conjuntamente com um melhor desempenho com o passar das fases
The pre-competitive state anxiety and it´s possible relationship with the sport performance has become a focus of investigation for many researchers, especially in sport psychology. However in the sport futsal, this relationship is still inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-competitive anxiety and performance of professional athletes of futsal during the playoffs of a championship. Furthermore, in this study the possible influence of the phase and game condition on the anxiety and performance responses was analyzed, additionally, the Catastrophe Theory was used to see the interaction amongst cognitive anxiety, arousal and performance responses. To develop this study, 16 male professional futsal athletes were analyzed, belonging to an elite club of São Paulo, Brazil. The study was conducted throughout the playoffs of an important championship on high level for the team. The samples were collected in home and away venue in phases of quarterfinals, semifinals and finals. The data were collected about 15 to 30 minutes before the warm-up in each game, in which the anxiety by CSAI-2R and the physiological arousal by HRV were evaluated. Performance was analyzed subjectively (Likert Scale questionnaire) and objectively (match analysis). The used statistics treatments were: the ANOVA 2x3 for analyzing the influence of phase and game condition; the Pearson\'s correlation for testing the correlation among the variables (state anxiety, physiological arousal and performance) and for the Catastrophe Theory followed specific statistical tests. For all analyzes the alpha was set on 5%. Among the main results we identified a significant influence of the phase of competition for the pre-competitive physiological arousal and the subjective performance. Significant correlations were found among the variables, however, the majority of them was classified as \"moderate\". The Catastrophe Theory presented a positive application on the interaction among anxiety, physiological arousal by HRV indices and performance. Concerning the findings, we can conclude that the pre-competitive state of anxiety and the performance showed a negative relationship in futsal athletes. This relationship can be observed in the Catastrophe Theory, when under high levels of cognitive anxiety, decrease their performance as a function of the increase of physiological arousal. Beyond that, we can conclude that the phase of the game can influence the athlete\'s behavior. When the phase of championship increases, the athletes show a higher level of physical arousal, plus the great subjective performance
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Ribeiro, Luciana Botelho [UNESP]. "Análise da ansiedade pré- competitiva de atletas universitários sob a ótica da Teoria Bioecológica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154577.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os níveis de ansiedade pré-competitiva de atletas universitários sob a ótica da Teoria Bioecológica. Participaram 41 atletas universitários de ambos os sexos, praticantes de Handebol, Futsal ou Voleibol. A média de idade foi 22,10 anos. Foram utilizados o questionário de caracterização da amostra e o CSAI-2R. Nas análises entre grupos os atletas de Voleibol apresentam baixa autoconfiança e alta ansiedade comparado aos outros. Os atletas de Futsal apresentam autoconfiança superior aos demais. Intragrupo, os atletas de Futsal também apresentam valores elevados de autoconfiança e no Voleibol apresentam valores superiores de ansiedade e no Handebol apresentam baixa ansiedade somática. Em relação ao sexo os homens apresentam maior autoconfiança e as mulheres maior ansiedade somática. Explicando os valores de ansiedade em relação aos fatores da Teoria Bioecológica, os atletas conseguiram se desenvolver durante o processo do campeonato e mesmo sofrendo influências conseguiram criar situações que promovam o seu desenvolvimento na competição. Conclui-se que não há como pensar o indivíduo isoladamente de suas interações com as pessoas e o ambiente como um todo, o indivíduo deve ser analisado em todos os aspectos de acordo com a teoria Bioecológica pensar o indivíduo no processo, nas pessoas que o mesmo sofre e exerce influência, o contexto que este está inserido ou não e o tempo/período do seu desenvolvimento.
The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of pre - competitive anxiety of university athletes from the perspective of Bioecological Theory. 41 university athletes of both sexes participated, practicing Handball, Futsal or Volleyball. The mean age was 22.10 years. The sample characterization questionnaire and the CSAI - 2R were used. In the between analyzes groups the athletes of Volleyball pres ent low self - confidence and high anxiety compared to the other athletes. Futsal athletes are more confident than others. Intragroup, Futsal athletes also have high values of self - confidence and in Volleyball they present higher values of anxiety and in Handball they present low somatic anxiety. In relation to sex, men have greater self - confidence and women have greater somatic anxiety. Associating the Bioecological Theory, the athletes managed to develop during the process of the championship and even s uffering influences managed to create situations that promote their development in the competition. It is concluded that there is no way to think of the individual isolated from his interactions with people and the environment as a whole, the individual sh ould be analyzed in all aspects according to the Bioecological theory to think the individual in the process, in the people that the same suffers and exerts influence, the context that it is inserted or not and the t ime / period of its development.
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Kinch, Croneborg Louise. "Samband mellan målorientering, motivationsklimat, upplevd prestation och tävlingsrelaterad ängslan/oro hos ungdomar i alpin utförsåkning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-99921.

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Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) utgår ifrån att alla individer vill visa sin kompetens vilket tar sig uttryck i två målinriktningar; ego och task. Individen påverkas av omgivningen som driver ett motivationsklimat som kan uttryckas i samma typer av målinriktning. Motivationsklimatet och målinriktningarna anses påverka hur individen agerar och hanterar t.ex. ängslan/oro och prestation. Denna studie behandlar samband mellan individuella målinriktningar, upplevt motivationsklimat drivet av tränare, träningskamrater och föräldrar, tävlingsrelaterad ängslan/oro och upplevd prestation. Undersökningsdeltagare var femtonåriga svenska ungdomar som tävlade i alpin utförsåkning (N=56). Multipel regressionsanalys användes för att analysera samband och signifikanta förklaringsvarianser. Störst bidrag från omgivningen på tävlingsrelaterad ängslan/oro verkade mammor ha (negativt bidrag). Kamrater var viktigare för individen än övrigt socialt stöd. Den alpina gruppen var mer ego-orienterad jämfört med resultat i studier med andra ungdomar i samma ålder och uppvisade en individuell målorientering som snarare motsvarade äldre elitidrottares, samtidigt som den relativt sett skattade ett lägre taskinriktat motivationsklimat
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Book chapters on the topic "CSAI-2R"

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Guo Chen, Liew, Hairul Anuar Hashim, Ngien Siong Chin, Yee Cheng Kueh, and Garry Kuan. "The Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Malay Language Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) Among Adolescent Malaysian State Level Athletes." In Enhancing Health and Sports Performance by Design, 123–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3270-2_13.

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