Journal articles: 'CSMA/CA MAC protocol'

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Lin, Wen Qi, Yi Liu, Li Meng Song, Yuan Jiao Zhang, and Fei Guo. "Comparison and Analysis of MAC Protocol in Multimedia Communications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.496.

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MAC protocol analysis and comparison to the multimedia communication theory as the framework, firstly discusses the requirement of communication network in computer networks and multimedia applications. MAC protocols oriented to wireless sensor networks are compared and analyzed. Summary of CSMA/CA, CSMA/CD, S-MAC and basic principles and applicable occasions, main parameters is made. Properties of the three MAC protocols is compared. The results of this study provides reference for MAC protocol oriented to multimedia communications.

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Zhao, Yifan, Shengjie Zhou, Hongwei Ding, Shaowen Yao, Zhijun Yang, and Qianlin Liu. "CSMA/CA MAC Protocol with Function of Monitoring based on Binary Tree Conflict Resolution for Cognitive Radio Networks." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 8, no. 2 (April 2016): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2016040103.

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The CSMA/CA protocol is the most widely-compete agreement used by a network. Therefore, MAC layer of cognitive radio networks mostly use the CSMA/CA protocol to provide the competitive channel resources. Due to the unique characteristics and related needs of the cognitive radio networks, design their network protocol is a critical task. For its characteristics, design and implement a comprehensive CSMA/CA protocol, including arrival rate control, priority services, monitoring, conflict resolution and increased throughput; elaborated protocol model, system throughput and other parameters, demonstrates the correctness of the CSMA/CA protocol; comparison with other protocols, highlighting the advantages of the agreement.

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Dinh, Nga, and Sangsoon Lim. "Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled MAC Protocol." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i3.9961.

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This paper aims to develop several mathematical models to study medium access control (MAC) protocol in the IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled mode with star topology. In particular, the MAC protocol which employs a slotted carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) algorithm used in the contention access period (CAP) of a superframe is modelled. The analysis studies the effectiveness of the CSMA/CA algorithm and provides explicit mathematical expressions for power consumption, access delay, and data frame drop probability. The proposed models precisely follow CSMA/CA algorithm in MAC protocol of beacon-enabled mode and differ from those previously published in the literature as 1) they are derived based on data frame generation rate of end devices, 2) they provide a completed expression for frame access delay, and 3) lowpower states of end devices are considered for power efficiency evaluations. The paper shows how power consumption of end devices is improved on the balance with data frame delay. The validity of the proposed models is confirmed and complemented by extensive simulations.

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Dinh, Nga, and Sangsoon Lim. "Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled MAC Protocol." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i3.pp1122-1132.

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This paper aims to develop several mathematical models to study medium access control (MAC) protocol in the IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled mode with star topology. In particular, the MAC protocol which employs a slotted carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) algorithm used in the contention access period (CAP) of a superframe is modelled. The analysis studies the effectiveness of the CSMA/CA algorithm and provides explicit mathematical expressions for power consumption, access delay, and data frame drop probability. The proposed models precisely follow CSMA/CA algorithm in MAC protocol of beacon-enabled mode and differ from those previously published in the literature as 1) they are derived based on data frame generation rate of end devices, 2) they provide a completed expression for frame access delay, and 3) lowpower states of end devices are considered for power efficiency evaluations. The paper shows how power consumption of end devices is improved on the balance with data frame delay. The validity of the proposed models is confirmed and complemented by extensive simulations.

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Huynh, Vu Van, and Yeong-Min Jang. "Fairness CSMA/CA MAC Protocol for VLC Networks." International journal of advanced smart convergence 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jasc2012.1.1.3.

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Farooq, Muhammad Omer, and Thomas Kunz. "Contiki-Based IEEE 802.15.4 Channel Capacity Estimation and Suitability of Its CSMA-CA MAC Layer Protocol for Real-Time Multimedia Applications." Mobile Information Systems 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/398637.

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Real-time multimedia applications require quality of service (QoS) provisioning in terms of bounds on delay and packet loss along with soft bandwidth guarantees. The shared nature of the wireless communication medium results in interference. Interference combined with the overheads, associated with a medium access control (MAC) protocol, and the implementation of a networking protocol stack limit the available bandwidth in IEEE 802.15.4-based networks and can result in congestion, even if the transmission rates of nodes are well below the maximum bandwidth supported by an underlying communication technology. Congestion degrades the performance of admitted real-time multimedia flow(s). Therefore, in this paper, we experimentally derive the IEEE 802.15.4 channel capacity using an unslotted CSMA-CA MAC protocol. We experimentally derive channel capacity for two cases, that is, when the CSMA-CA protocol is working without ACKs and when it is working with ACKs. Moreover, for both cases, we plot the relationship of offered data load with delay and packet loss rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the parameters that affect the choice of a CSMA-CA MAC layer protocol are end-to-end delay and packet loss requirements of a real-time multimedia flow, data load within the interference range of transmitters along the forwarding path, and length of the forwarding path.

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Lee, Youngsoo, and Chong-Ho Choi. "Transmission Order Deducing MAC (TOD-MAC) protocol for CSMA/CA wireless networks." Computer Networks 73 (November 2014): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2014.08.006.

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Asuti, Manjunath G., and Prabhugoud I. Basarkod. "Modeling and Analysis of Additional Clear Channel Assessment to Improve Performance of IEEE 802.15.4-based MAC Protocol." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 3 (September 30, 2020): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2020.140420.

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Design of the MAC protocol is crucial in all wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to its inﬂuence on the performance of the transceiver, i.e. the most energy-consuming component of each sensor node. A mechanism known as “carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance” (CSMA/CA) is used for accessing the wireless channel in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard-based MAC protocol in order to avoid collisions between the network’s communicating nodes. CSMA/CA relies on two clear channel assessments (CCA=2) for checking the status of the channel. In this paper, we develop an additional CCA algorithm for the two scenarios encountered in star topology-enabled WSNs. Next, we investigate the impact of an additional clear channel assessment (CCA=3) on performance in IEEE 802.15.4. We develop a Markov chain model for the proposed methodology, and validate it using Matlab. Simulation results show that there is a signiﬁcant improvement of performance metrics in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard-based MAC protocol with an additional CCA

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Ndih, Eugène David Ngangue, and Soumaya Cherkaoui. "Mac for Physical-Layer Network Coding in VANETs." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2012100106.

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In this paper, the authors present VPNC-MAC, a PNC-based MAC protocol for efficient and reliable periodic beacon broadcasts in VANETs. In addition to PNC-based scheduled transmissions, VPNC-MAC makes use of CSMA/CA to ensure fairness and flexibility with transmissions from CSMA-based nodes. VPNC-MAC consists of two phases: In the setup phase, a quasi-optimal mechanism of selecting a relay node is proposed to take into account both the position, and the remaining time the relay needs for delivering its current beacon. In the packet exchange phase, they define two priority modes to deal with the cohabitation of both the CSMA-based and the VPNC-based nodes, and also with unpredictable events such as emergency broadcasts. Contrary to the high-priority mode, the VPNC-based nodes AIFS in the low-priority mode is set such that the medium access is granted prior to CSMA-based nodes. Simulations results show that the global PRR in high-priority mode outperforms existing MAC.

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Song, Min-je, Ho-shin Cho, and Youn-seon Jang. "Effect of Interference in CSMA/CA Based MAC Protocol for Underwater Network." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 40, no. 8 (August 31, 2015): 1631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2015.40.8.1631.

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Chaoran Li, Yun Liu, and Qingan Zeng. "A Reliable CSMA/CA-Based MAC Protocol for Rail Transit." Journal of Convergence Information Technology 8, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol8.issue2.87.

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Khan, Pervez, Niamat Ullah, Md Nasre Alam, and Kyung Sup Kwak. "Performance Analysis of WBAN MAC Protocol under Different Access Periods." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/102052.

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The IEEE 802.15.6 is a new standard on wireless body area network (WBAN) for short-range, extremely low power wireless communication with high data rates in the vicinity of, or inside, a human body. The standard defines two contention-based channel access schemes: slotted ALOHA and carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) using an alternative binary exponential backoff procedure. The standard supports quality of service (QoS) differentiation through user priorities and access phases. In this study, we develop an analytical model for the estimation of performance metrics such as energy consumption, normalized throughput, and mean frame service time, employing a Markov chain model under nonsaturated heterogeneous traffic scenarios including different access phases specified in the standard for different user priorities and access methods. We conclude that the deployment of exclusive access phase (EAP) is not necessary in a typical WBAN using CSMA/CA because it degrades the overall system throughput, consumes more energy per packet, and results in higher delay for nonemergency nodes.

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Song, Yu, Wangdong Qi, Weiwei Zhao, and Wenchi Cheng. "Full-Duplex MAC Protocol for CSMA/CA-Based Single-Hop Wireless Networks." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102413.

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Full-duplex (FD) communication provides new opportunities for improving the throughputs of networks. However, this condition means that the number of senders increases from one to two within a certain range. We have to arrange the two nodes to send frames simultaneously in the media access control (MAC) layer. For the single-hop network model, using the FD features of the nodes and the cut-through mechanism, we propose an FD MAC protocol. The protocol improves the throughput of the network from the following two aspects. On the one hand, during the transmission of each node, based on the information of the received frame’s header, the protocol can detect collisions in the network, preventing the channel from being ineffectively occupied for a long time. On the other hand, the protocol can provide the FD with as many opportunities as possible for the nodes. According to the working process of the protocol, we modeled the states (“active” and “passive” transmission, back-off) of each node and their transitions to a Markov chain. We solved the “active” transmission probability of the node and further modeled the analytical performance of the protocol. The simulation results showed that the system throughput produced by our protocol was at least twice that of the conventional CSMA/CA protocol used in the half-duplex networks.

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Lee, Suk Jin, Hongsik Choi, and Sungun Kim. "Slotted CSMA/CA Based Energy Efficinet MAC Protocol Design in Nanonetworks." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2018.10101.

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Liu, Yu-Sun, and Shu-Wei Wu. "Adaptive coding scheme for wireless LANs with CSMA/CA MAC protocol." Electronics Letters 34, no. 15 (1998): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19981043.

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Aslam, Aqsa, Pedro M. Santos, Frederico Santos, and Luís Almeida. "Empirical Performance Models of MAC Protocols for Cooperative Platooning Applications." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111334.

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Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) enable vehicles to exchange information on traffic conditions, dynamic status and localization, to enhance road safety and transportation efficiency. A typical VANET application is platooning, which can take advantage of exchanging information on speed, heading and position to allow shorter inter-vehicle distances without compromising safety. However, the platooning performance depends drastically on the quality of the communication channel, which in turn is highly influenced by the medium access control protocol (MAC). Currently, VANETs use the IEEE 802.11p MAC, which follows a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) policy that is prone to collisions and degrades significantly with network load. This has led to recent proposals for a time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based MAC that synchronize vehicles’ beacons to prevent or reduce collisions. In this paper, we take CSMA/CA and two TDMA-based overlay protocols, i.e., deployed over CSMA/CA, namely PLEXE-slotted and RA-TDMAp, and carry out extensive simulations with varying platoon sizes, number of occupied lanes and transmit power to deduce empirical models that provide estimates of average number of collisions per second and average busy time ratio. In particular, we show that these estimates can be obtained from observing the number of radio-frequency (RF) neighbours, i.e., number of distinct sources of the packets received by each vehicle per time unit. These estimates can enhance the online adaptation of distributed applications, particularly platooning control, to varying conditions of the communication channel.

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R Sheelavantar, Praneeta, Shreedhar A Joshi, and Gopal A Bidkar. "Analysis and Modeling of Generic Mac Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (September 1, 2018): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.19374.

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Nowadays Wireless Sensor Networks are used everywhere, which plays an important role in recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the data collected at a central location. WSN has many applications in fields such as military, home automation, industries, commercial, battle field, food safety etc. This paper presents the analysis of Generic MAC Protocols with different routing protocols using Qualnet 7.4 simulator. The simulation result shows that comparing with other MAC protocols SLOT CSMA/CA gives better performance. Total unicast message sent, received, average end-to-end delay, average jitter, average throughput, energy consumed, packets received and lost are analysed for each routing protocol.

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Gao, Sheng Guo. "A Markov Model for the IEEE 802.11 DCF under Limit Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.29.

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Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have been attracted significant research during the last few years. The primary medium access control (MAC) technique of 802.11 is called distributed coordination function (DCF). DCF is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme with binary slotted exponential backoff. This paper proposes a new Markov model to analyze the CSMA/CA protocol and average packet delay. This model covers the finite load condition and saturation condition. The close agreement between the theoretical results and simulation results using NS-2 under reaffirms the accuracy of the analytical model.

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Politis, Anastasios C., and Hristos T. Anastassiu. "Performance Analysis of Resource Sharing During Downlink Multi-User Transmissions in CSMA/ECA Full Duplex WLANs." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2020-0005.

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AbstractFull Duplex (FD) wireless communications is considered to be the next big step for future Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Old (IEEE 802.11ac) and new (IEEE 802.11ax) WLAN features are expected to co-exist with FD operation. Some of these features include Downlink Multi-User (DL MU) transmissions at the physical layer while at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer techniques such as the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) sharing mechanism facilitates these multiuser transmissions. The traditional Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol is inadequate to support full duplex communications efficiently. A very promising adaptation of CSMA/CA and a powerful candidate as the basic channel access method for future WLANs is the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Enhanced Collision Avoidance (CSMA/ECA). In this paper, we provide an analytical model to assess the performance of resource sharing techniques in full duplex WLANs operating with the CSMA/ECA protocol. Our analysis is based on Markov chains to obtain an estimate of the achievable throughput of the Quality of Service Access Point (QAP) during DL MU transmissions.

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Ullah , Sana, Mohammad Mehedi Hassan, M. Shamim Hossain, and Abdulhameed Alelaiwi. "Performance Evaluation of RTS/CTS Scheme in Beacon-Enabled IEEE 802.15.6 MAC Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082368.

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The IEEE 802.15.6 standard has the potential to provide cost-effective and unobtrusive medical services to individuals with chronic health conditions. It is a low-power standard developed for wireless body area networks and enables wireless communication inside or near a human body. This standard utilizes a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol to improve network performance under different channel access priorities. However, the CSMA/CA proposed in the IEEE 802.15.6 standard has poor throughput performance and link reliability when some of the nodes deployed on a human body are hidden from each other. We employ the RTS/CTS scheme to solve hidden node problems in IEEE 802.15.6 networks over a lossy channel. To improve performance of the RTS/CTS scheme, we adjust transmission power levels of the nodes according to transmission failures. We estimate throughput and energy consumption of the proposed model by differentiating several parameters, such as contention window size, values of bit error ratios, number of nodes in different priority classes. The performance results are obtained through analytical approximations and simulations. We observe that the proposed model significantly improves performance of the IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA/CA by resolving hidden node problems.

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Shen, Qi. "The Research and Application Based on Competitive Scheduling Mechanism in Mine Based Wireless Mesh Networks." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4727.

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This paper analyzes the current MAC layer protocol for wireless sensor networks based scheduling, according to the transmission of mine environment signal needs, around the traditional CSMA / CA technology, a scheduling algorithm is proposed adjustment factor based on the contention window to more effectively avoid data collisions at the MAC layer transmission process. In order to ensure more equitable sharing of all nodes in wireless link bandwidth. Simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the information in the MAC layer transmission reliability.

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Wei, Zhongcheng, Yongmei Sun, and Yuefeng Ji. "Collision analysis of CSMA/CA based MAC protocol for duty cycled WBANs." Wireless Networks 23, no. 5 (February 26, 2016): 1429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1230-2.

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Kim, Jin-Ki, Won-Jae Lee, and Jae-Hyun Kim. "Full-Duplex MAC Protocol Based on CSMA/CA for Switching Transmission Mode." Electronics 10, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050587.

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Full-duplex (FD) radios can transmit and receive packets simultaneously in the same frequency band. Although this potentially doubles the spectral efficiency, it also causes inter-node interference, which was not an issue for half-duplex (HD) radios and can significantly reduce FD radio throughput. This paper proposes a hybrid transmission switching algorithm to reduce performance degradation due to inter-node interference. In contrast to previous studies that only considered channel capacity, we determine the transmission mode by considering the modulation and coding scheme (MCS). The access point compares the required transmission time for HD, FD, and hybrid mode and selects the mode with the best network throughput. We also designed an analytical model to evaluate network throughput for the proposed algorithm. In particular, we consider FD pair probability, which has not been addressed previously. Analytical and simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm improves network performance.

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Tan, Ming Chan, Hong Wei Ding, Ying Ying Guo, Yi Fan Zhao, and Han Bai Shao. "CSMA/CA Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Based on Probability Function Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.575.

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This paper mainly analyzes a type of wireless sensor network MAC protocol based on probability function detection with random multi-access protocol to ensure a higher systemic throughput and stability by using channel load equilibrium. By using the average cycle method, we get the mean waiting time of information packet, the formulas of performance index of the systemic throughput, and the life cycle of node through mathematical derivation strictly. At last, gives the simulation results.

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Khan, Bilal Muhammad, and Rabia Bilal. "Mobility Adaptive Energy Efficient and Low Latency MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 4, no. 2 (April 2013): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2013040103.

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In this paper a high throughput, low latency, mobility adaptive and energy efficient medium access protocol (MAC) called Mobility Adaptive (MA) for wireless sensor networks. MA-MAC ensures that transmissions incur no collisions, and allows nodes to undergo sleep mode whenever they are not transmitting or receiving. It uses delay allocation scheme based on traffic priority at each node and avoids allocating same backoff delay for more than one node unless they are in separate clusters. It also allows nodes to determine when they can switch to sleep mode during operation. MA-MAC for mobile nodes provides fast association between the mobile node and the cluster coordinator. The proposed MAC performs well in both static and mobile scenarios, which shows its significance over existing MAC protocols proposed for mobile applications. The performance of MA-MAC is evaluated through extensive simulation, analysis and comparison with other mobility aware MAC protocols. The results show that MA-MAC outperforms significantly the existing CSMA/CA, Sensor Mac (S-MAC), Mobile MAC (MOB-MAC), Mobility aware Delay sensitive MAC (MD-MAC) and Dynamic Sensor MAC (DS-MAC) protocols including throughput, latency and energy consumption.

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Al-Absi, Al-Absi, and Jae Lee. "Performance Enriching Channel Allocation Algorithm for Vehicle-to-Vehicle City, Highway and Rural Network." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 25, 2019): 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153283.

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Future safety applications require the timely delivery of messages between vehicles. The 802.11p has been standardized as the standard Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for vehicular communication. The 802.11p uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) as MAC. CSMA/CA induces unbounded channel access delay. As a result, it induces high collision. To reduce collision, distributed MAC is required for channel allocation. Many existing approaches have adopted Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based MAC design for channel allocation. However, these models are not efficient at utilizing bandwidth. Cognitive radio technique is been adopted by various existing approach for channel allocation in shared channel network to maximize system throughput. However, it induces MAC overhead, and channel allocation on a shared channel network is considered to be an NP-hard problem. This work addresses the above issues. Here we present distributed MAC design PECA (Performance Enriching Channel Allocation) for channel allocation in a shared channel network. The PECA model maximizes the system throughput and reduces the collision, which is experimentally proven. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance in terms of throughput, collision and successful packet transmission considering a highly congested vehicular ad-hoc network. Experiments are carried out to show the adaptiveness of proposed MAC design considering different environments such City, Highway and Rural (CHR).

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Lee, Jae-Soo, Jeong-Keun Ahn, and Chan-Young Yun. "Improved TDMA with Superframe Structure-based CSMA/CA MAC protocol for Wireless Body Area Network." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 26, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2012.26.1.087.

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Hua, Qiao Guan, Mao Jian Lin, Guo Ning, Chen Bo, Dai Ning, and Zhang Chuan Long. "An Improved Backoff Scheme for the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 2622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.2622.

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To solve the impact on network performance by the mobile nodes and data transfer rate constantly changing,this paper proposes a improved backoff scheme for IEEE802.15.4, which uses Probability Judgement based on Network Load and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (PJNL_EWMA). According to a real-time monitoring of current network status by probability judgement of network load , this method dynamically adjust backoff exponent by EWMA when the CSMA/CA begins. Compared the IEEE802.15.4 and MBS+EWMA schemes, the simulation experiments on NS2 platform show that the PJNL_EWMA scheme not only improves the throughput of the network, but also reduces the packet loss rate and the collision ratio,significantly improve the network performance.

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Liu, Yi, Yuan Jiao Zhang, Ya Wen Wei, Wen Qi Lin, and Hao Liu. "Research on Wireless MAC Protocols Oriented to Smart Clothing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.150.

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Smart clothing related technology is illustrated. Demands of smart clothing networks (BAN) are low consumption, suitable topology and scalability .Standard to support BAN is IEEE 802.15.6 which is introduced. Properties and comparison of CSMA/CA and T-MAC are presented in detail. BAN is summarized.

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Lan, Yu, Xin Lu, Ye Shen He, and Yun Feng Li. "Micro-Power Wireless CSMA/CA Algorithm Improvement and Simulation Based on the Electric Power Business." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1640.

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In the micro-power wireless transmission of the electric system, positions among modes are relatively fixed, power business data is reported at specific time points, and time distribution presents great differences. Key technologies of IEEE802.15.4 MAC layer protocol is expounded, shortages of collision detection and CSMA/CA on power business support, etc. are discussed, self-adaptive low-power consumption CSMA/CA algorithm which is more suitable for business of the electric system are designed and improved, and the algorithm goes through simulation experiment against the business characteristics of micro-power wireless network of the electric system. The simulation result demonstrates the algorithm may be greatly adapted to changes of network traffic under a relatively fixed environment of network topology on the premise of low power consumption.

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Senthilmurugan, S., and T. G. Venkatesh. "Analysis of Quiet Period Scheduling in QP-CSMA-CA Cognitive Radio MAC Protocol." Wireless Personal Communications 92, no. 4 (August 24, 2016): 1625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3626-9.

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Manoj, B. S., Ping Zhou, and Ramesh R. Rao. "Dynamic adaptation of CSMA/CA MAC protocol for wide area wireless mesh networks." Computer Communications 31, no. 8 (May 2008): 1627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2008.01.048.

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Lee, Yutae, Min Young Chung, and Tae-Jin Lee. "Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF under Nonsaturation Condition." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2008 (2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/574197.

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Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) methods are considered to be attractive MAC protocols for wireless LANs. IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) is a random channel access scheme based on CSMA/CA method and the binary slotted exponential backoff procedure to reduce the packet collision. In this paper, we propose a new analytical model for a nonsaturated IEEE 802.11 DCF network and evaluate its performance. We verify our model using simulations and show that our results agree with the simulations.

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Mohammad El-Basioni, Basma M., Abdellatif I. Moustafa, Sherine M. Abd El-Kader, and Hussein A. Konber. "Designing a Channel Access Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Network." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7493269.

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Although there are various Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols proposed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), there is no protocol accepted as a standard specific to it. This paper deals with completing the design of our previously proposed MAC for WSN by proposing a channel access mechanism (CAM). The CAM is based on developing a backoff mechanism which mainly differentiates nodes’ backoffs depending on their different identification numbers, and it employs a performance tuning parameter for reaching a required performance objective. The probability distribution of the backoff period is constructed and Markov chain modeling is used to analyze and evaluate the CAM against the IEEE802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA based on single- and multihop communication with respect to the reliability, the average delay, the power consumption, and the throughput. The analysis reveals that the required performance of CAM against the IEEE slotted CSMA/CA can be obtained by choosing the maximum backoff stages number and the tuning parameter value and that CAM performs better than the IEEE with larger nodes number. The multihop scenario results in a good end-to-end performance of CAM with respect to the reliability and delay becomes better with lengthier paths at the expense of increasing the energy consumption.

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Byun, Ae-Ran, Woong Son, and Youn-Seon Jang. "A CSMA/CA with Binary Exponential Back-off based Priority MAC Protocol in Tactical Wireless Networks." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 52, no. 11 (November 25, 2015): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2015.52.11.012.

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Chandnani, Manali, Mukesh Kumar Khandelwal, and Meeta Sharma. "A Survey on Synchronization Approach in MAC Layer Protocols." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 13, no. 1 (January 2017): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2017010102.

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The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model describes the layered approach for communication between two networked systems. The Data link layer of OSI model consists of a sub layer known as MAC layer for achieving coordination among the communicating nodes to access the shared channel. This channel is shared between multiple nodes in a communication network and the packets transmitted at same time by different nodes collide with each other. This situation leads to loss of data and bandwidth gets wasted. To avoid this situation, MAC layer supports various protocols: TDMA, ALOHA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA and many hybrid techniques which employ their own criteria of synchronization for minimizing the collisions. In this paper the authors discuss about the MAC layer and the multiple access protocols which it supports for achieving synchronization among the nodes in the channel.

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Bhar, Jamila. "A Mac Protocol Implementation for Wireless Sensor Network." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/697153.

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IEEE 802.15.4 is an important standard for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LRWPAN). The IEEE 802.15.4 presents a flexible MAC protocol that provides good efficiency for data transmission by adapting its parameters according to characteristics of different applications. In this research work, some restrictions of this standard are explained and an improvement of traffic efficiency by optimizing MAC layer is proposed. Implementation details for several blocks of communication system are carefully modeled. The protocol implementation is done using VHDL language. The analysis gives a full understanding of the behavior of the MAC protocol with regard to backoff delay, data loss probability, congestion probability, slot effectiveness, and traffic distribution for terminals. Two ideas are proposed and tested to improve efficiency of CSMA/CA mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer. Primarily, we dynamically adjust the backoff exponent (BE) according to queue level of each node. Secondly, we vary the number of consecutive clear channel assessment (CCA) for packet transmission. We demonstrate also that slot compensation provided by the enhanced MAC protocol can greatly avoid unused slots. The results show the significant improvements expected by our approach among the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC standards. Synthesis results show also hardware performances of our proposed architecture.

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Wu, Shanshan, Wenguang Mao, and Xudong Wang. "Performance Study on a CSMA/CA-Based MAC Protocol for Multi-User MIMO Wireless LANs." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 13, no. 6 (June 2014): 3153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2014.042314.131407.

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Ben-Othman, Jalel, Hind Castel, and Lynda Mokdad. "A multi-service MAC protocol in a multi-channel CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.11 networks." Journal of Communications and Networks 10, no. 3 (September 2008): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2008.6388349.

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Islam, Gazi Zahirul, and Mohammod Abul Kashem. "An OFDMA-based Hybrid MAC Protocol for IEEE 802.11ax." Infocommunications journal, no. 2 (2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2019.2.6.

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Two types of MAC mechanisms i.e., random access and reservation could be adopted for OFDMA-based wireless LANs. Reservation-based MAC is more appropriate than random access MAC for connection-oriented applications as connectionoriented applications provide strict requirements of traffic demands. On the other hand, random access mechanism is a preferred choice for bursty traffic i.e., data packets which have no fixed pattern and rate. As OFDMA-based wireless networks promise to support heterogeneous applications, researchers assume that applications with and without traffic specifications will coexist. Eventually, OFDMA-based wireless LAN will deploy hybrid MAC mechanisms inheriting traits from random access and reservation. In this article, we design a new MAC protocol which employs one kind of hybrid mechanism that will provide high throughput of data as well as maintains improved fair access policy to the medium among the terminals. The protocol works in two steps, where at step 1 sub-channels are approximately evenly distributed to the terminals and at step 2 terminals within in a subchannel will contend for medium randomly if the total number of terminals of the system is larger than the number of sub-channels. The details of the protocol is illustrated in the paper and we analyze the performance of our OFDMA-based multi-channel hybrid protocol using comprehensive computer simulations. Simulation results validate that our proposed protocol is more robust than the conventional CSMA/CA protocol in terms of throughput, collision reduction and fair access. In addition, the theoretical analysis of the saturation throughput of the protocol is also evaluated using an existing comprehensive model.

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Al Guqhaiman, Ahmed Al, Oluwatobi Akanbi, Amer Aljaedi, Adel R. Alharbi, and C. Edward Chow. "DAMAC: A Delay-Aware MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks." Sensors 21, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 5229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155229.

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In a channel shared by several nodes, the scheduling algorithm is a key factor to avoiding collisions in the random access-based approach. Commonly, scheduling algorithms can be used to enhance network performance to meet certain requirements. Therefore, in this paper we propose a Delay-Aware Media Access Control (DAMAC) protocol for monitoring time-sensitive applications over multi-hop in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs), which relies on the random access-based approach where each node uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) to determine channel status, switches nodes on and off to conserve energy, and allows concurrent transmissions to improve the underwater communication in the UASNs. In addition, DAMAC does not require any handshaking packets prior to data transmission, which helps to improve network performance in several metrics. The proposed protocol considers the long propagation delay to allow concurrent transmissions, meaning nodes are scheduled to transmit their data packets concurrently to exploit the long propagation delay between underwater nodes. The simulation results show that DAMAC protocol outperforms Aloha, BroadcastMAC, RMAC, Tu-MAC, and OPMAC protocols under varying network loads in terms of energy efficiency, communication overhead, and fairness of the network by up to 65%, 45%, and 726%, respectively.

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Chatzimisios, P., and A. C. Boucouvalas. "Packet delay analysis of the advanced infrared (AIr) CSMA/CA MAC protocol in optical wireless LANs." International Journal of Communication Systems 18, no. 3 (2005): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.705.

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Xia, Jin Wei. "Design for Power Control in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2901.

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Analysised and researched for the power control problem in Ad Hoc network, and Proposed an improved power control protocol based on 802.11MAC layer of CSMA /CA mechanism . The algorithm increased the transmission power value and the received power threshold in the RTS/CTS control packets, the node and its adjacent node can determined the data packet transmission power and received power accorded it, Thus effectively reduced the nodes between the hidden terminal and exposed terminal interference, and can reduced the power consumption of wireless nodes. It is compared with the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol by simulation. The results show that the power control protocol can improve the system end to end throughput performance, and minimize the power consumption of wireless nodes, so as to saved the network power consumption .

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Mjidi, Mostafa, Debasish Chakraborty, Naoki Nakamura, and Norio Shiratori. "The Impact of Dynamic RTS Threshold Adjustment for IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol." Mobile Information Systems 5, no. 1 (2009): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/736242.

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In recent years, wireless technologies and application received great attention. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the main element that determines the efficiency in sharing the limited communication bandwidth of the wireless channel in wireless local area networks (WLANs). IEEE 802.11 introduced the optional RTS/CTS handshaking mechanism to address the hidden terminal problem as well as to reduces the chance of collision in case of higher node density and traffic. RTS Threshold (RT) determines when RTS/CTS mechanism should be used and proved to be an important parameter for performance characteristics in data transmission. We first investigate to find a meaningful threshold value according to the network situation and determine the impact of using or disengaging the RTS/CTS optional mechanism and dynamically adjust the RTS Threshold to maximize data transmission. The results show a significant improvement over existing CSMA/CA and RTS/CTS schemes. Our adaptive scheme performed even better when data rate increases. We verify our proposed scheme both analytically and with extensive network simulation using ns-2.

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Abbas, Ghulam, Ziaul Haq Abbas, Shahab Haider, Thar Baker, Saadi Boudjit, and Fazal Muhammad. "PDMAC: A Priority-Based Enhanced TDMA Protocol for Warning Message Dissemination in VANETs." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010045.

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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the key enabling technology for intelligent transportation systems. Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is the de facto media access standard for inter-vehicular communications, but its performance degrades in high-density networks. Time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based protocols fill this gap to a certain extent, but encounter inefficient clock synchronization and lack of prioritized message delivery. Therefore, we propose a priority-based direction-aware media access control (PDMAC) as a novel protocol for intra-cluster and inter-cluster clock synchronization. Furthermore, PDMAC pioneers a three-tier priority assignment technique to enhance warning messages delivery by taking into account the direction component, message type, and severity level on each tier. Analytical and simulation results validate the improved performance of PDMAC in terms of clock synchronization, channel utilization, message loss rate, end-to-end delays, and network throughput, as compared with eminent VANET MAC protocols.

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Baz, Mohammed, and Abdullah Baz. "MSAM: Modular Statistical Analytical Model for MAC and Queuing Latency of VLC Networks under ICS Conditions." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121371.

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) offers distinctive advantages over conventional radio frequency; wide unlicensed spectrum, resistance to electrometric interference and low susceptibility to security risks, are few to name. Excitingly, VLC becomes a cornerstone in several communication systems such as light fidelity, optical camera communication and the Internet of Radio Light. Most of these networks adopt the Carrier Sensing Multiple Access-Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) of IEEE 802.15.7, the official standard for the VLC, as a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. Motivated by the crucial roles of MAC in shaping the performance of the VLC and the wide variety of operational conditions demanded by the enormous applications, this paper proposes a Modular Statistical Analytical Model (MSAM). The fundamental approach of MSAM is to segregate the interacting stochastic processes imposed by the CSMA-CA protocol into a set of its elementary subprocesses. The MSAM then synthesises these processes in such a way that quantifies their mutual dependency without making a strict assumption on their characteristics; thus, different operational conditions can be assessed without a need to reconstruct the model. Besides, MSAM employs the radiometry and photometry of VLC to derive mathematical expressions describing the hidden and exposed nodes from which the Imperfect Carrier Sensing (ICS) conditions are defined. The MSAM exploits statistical and queuing theorems to model a VLC as a network of G/G/1 queues from which several probability distributions, characterising the operations of VLC from different perspectives, are derived. Inter-departure, queuing, service time and successful service time are the main distributions in conjunction with throughput, total delay, probability of exposed and hidden node collisions, which are the main outputs of MSAM. Validation for the integrity of the MSAM under different scenarios is carried out by conducting a head-to-head comparison between its results and simulation outcomes.

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Liu, Quan, Xiaodong Wang, and Xingming Zhou. "CH-CSMA-CA: a MAC protocol for asynchronous channel hopping rendezvous in 802.11 DCF-based cognitive radio networks." International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems 9, no. 1/2 (2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaacs.2016.075386.

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Song, Taewon, and Taeyoon Kim. "Performance Analysis of Synchronous Multi-Radio Multi-Link MAC Protocols in IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput WLANs." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010317.

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The representative media access control (MAC) mechanism of IEEE 802.11 is a distributed coordination function (DCF), which operates based on carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) with binary exponential backoff. The next amendment of IEEE 802.11 being developed for future Wi-Fi by the task group-be is called IEEE 802.11be, where the multi-link operation is mainly discussed when it comes to MAC layer operation. The multi-link operation discussed in IEEE 802.11be allows multi-link devices to establish multiple links and operate them simultaneously. Since the medium access on a link may affect the other links, and the conventional MAC mechanism has just taken account of a single link, the DCF should be used after careful consideration for multi-link operation. In this paper, we summarize the DCFs being reviewed to support the multi-radio multi-link operation in IEEE 802.11be and analyze their performance using the Markov chain model. Throughout the extensive performance evaluation, we summarize each MAC protocol’s pros and cons and discuss essential findings of the candidate MAC protocols.

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Wang, Jingjing, Jie Shen, Wei Shi, Gang Qiao, Shaoen Wu, and Xinjie Wang. "A Novel Energy-Efficient Contention-Based MAC Protocol Used for OA-UWSN." Sensors 19, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010183.

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A hybrid optical-acoustic underwater wireless sensor network (OA-UWSN) was proposed to solve the problem of high-speed transmission of real-time video and images in marine information detection. This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient contention-based media access control (MAC) protocol (OA-CMAC) for the OA-UWSN. Based on optical-acoustic fusion technology, our proposed OA-CMAC combines the postponed access mechanism in carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and multiplexing-based spatial division multiple access (SDMA) technology to achieve high-speed and real-time data transmission. The protocol first performs an acoustic handshake to obtain the location information of a transceiver node, ensuring that the channel is idle. Otherwise, it performs postponed access and waits for the next time slot to contend for the channel again. Then, an optical handshake is performed to detect whether the channel condition satisfies the optical transmission, and beam alignment is performed at the same time. Finally, the nodes transmit data using optical communication. If the channel conditions do not meet the requirements for optical communication, a small amount of data with high priority is transmitted through acoustic communication. An evaluation of the proposed MAC protocol was performed with OMNeT++ simulations. The results showed that when the optical handshaking success ratio was greater than 50%, compared to the O-A handshake protocol in the literature, our protocol could result in doubled throughput. Due to the low energy consumption of optical communication, the node’s lifetime is 30% longer than that of pure acoustic communication, greatly reducing the network operation cost. Therefore, it is suitable for large-scale underwater sensor networks with high loads.

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Liu, Wei, Xinxin He, Zhitong Huang, and Yuefeng Ji. "Transmission Capacity Characterization in VANETs with Enhanced Distributed Channel Access." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030340.

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The traditional research on the capacity of the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) mainly lacks realistic models mimicking the behaviors of vehicles and the MAC protocol applied by IEEE 802.11p. To overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, the network transmission capacity analysis for VANETs is carried out from the perspective of the spatial geometric relationship among different vehicles. Specifically, the transmission scheme in this system is set to mimic enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) protocol, in which the division of priorities is taken into account both the data type and the transmission distance requirement. Meanwhile, the moving pattern of vehicles is described as the classic car-following model according to realistic characteristics of VANET, and the propagation channel is modeled as a combination of large-scale path-loss and small-scale Rayleigh fading. Based on this model, the transmission opportunity under EDCA protocol is quantified and compared with that of CSMA/CA, and then the outage probability is calculated under the worst interfered scenario. Finally, the transmission capacity is thereby calculated and verified by the simulation results.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CSMA/CA MAC protocol'

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