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Journal articles on the topic 'CSMA'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Frigaard, Niels-Ulrik, Hui Li, Kirstin J. Milks, and Donald A. Bryant. "Nine Mutants of Chlorobium tepidum Each Unable To Synthesize a Different Chlorosome Protein Still Assemble Functional Chlorosomes." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 3 (2004): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.3.646-653.2004.

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ABSTRACT Chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum comprise mostly bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c), small amounts of BChl a, carotenoids, and quinones surrounded by a lipid-protein envelope. These structures contain 10 different protein species (CsmA, CsmB, CsmC, CsmD, CsmE, CsmF, CsmH, CsmI, CsmJ, and CsmX) but contain relatively little total protein compared to other photosynthetic antenna complexes. Except for CsmA, which has been suggested to bind BChl a, the functions of the chlorosome proteins are not known. Nine mutants in which a single csm gene was inactivated were c

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Li, Hui, and Donald A. Bryant. "Envelope Proteins of the CsmB/CsmF and CsmC/CsmD Motif Families Influence the Size, Shape, and Composition of Chlorosomes in Chlorobaculum tepidum." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 22 (2009): 7109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00707-09.

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ABSTRACT The chlorosome envelope of Chlorobaculum tepidum contains 10 proteins that belong to four structural motif families. A previous mutational study (N.-U. Frigaard, H. Li, K. J. Milks, and D. A. Bryant, J. Bacteriol. 186:646-653, 2004) suggested that some of these proteins might have redundant functions. Six multilocus mutants were constructed to test the effects of eliminating the proteins of the CsmC/CsmD and CsmB/CsmF motif families, and the resulting strains were characterized physiologically and biochemically. Mutants lacking all proteins of either motif family still assembled funct

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Chung, Soohee, and Donald A. Bryant. "Characterization of the csmD and csmE genes from Chlorobium tepidum. The CsmA, CsmC, CsmD, and CsmE proteins are components of the chlorosome envelope." Photosynthesis Research 50, no. 1 (1996): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00018220.

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4

Boukadi, Khouloud, Lucien Vincent, Chirine Ghedira, and Zakaria Maamar. "CSMA." International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence 1, no. 2 (2010): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joci.2010040101.

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Since the beginning of the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm, with its various implementation technologies such as Web services, the focus of industrial communities has been on providing tools that would allow seamless and flexible application integration within and across enterprises’ boundaries. In this paper, the authors present a Context-based, Service-oriented Modeling and Analysis (CSMA) method that guides service engineers in their choices of identifying, defining, and analyzing adaptable business services. The proposed method is business centric and comprises a set of struct

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Lim, J. T. "Asymptotic performance characteristics of CSMA and CSMA←CD→CSMA/CD networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2, no. 3 (1996): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1024123x96000300.

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6

Sanabria-Russo, Luis, Jaume Barceló, Boris Bellalta, and Francesco Gringoli. "A High Efficiency MAC Protocol for WLANs: Providing Fairness in Dense Scenarios." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 25, no. 1 (2018): 492–505. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2016.2587907.

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Collisions are a main cause of throughput degradation in wireless local area networks. The current contention mechanism used in the IEEE 802.11 networks is called carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). It uses a binary exponential backoff technique to randomize each contender attempt of transmitting, effectively reducing the collision probability. Nevertheless, CSMA/CA relies on a random backoff that while effective and fully decentralized, in principle is unable to completely eliminate collisions, therefore degrading the network throughput as more contenders attempt

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Saeed, Muhammad, Fazal Dayan, and Usman Ali. "A Comparative Study of FCSM, FSAW and TOPSIS Techniques using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers." Scientific Inquiry and Review 4, no. 2 (2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir/2020/42/1235.

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This paper presents a comparative study of different techniques used for fuzzy multi-criteria expert’s decision-making (FMCEDM). These include CSM1, CSM2, CSM3, FSAW, and TOPSIS. We developed the methods CSM1 and CSM3 respectively and studied their validity by comparing their illustration results with that of CSM2, FSAW and TOPSIS. Expert’s ratings and weights were assigned in linguistic variables in terms of triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) to the FMCEDM problem. Airport performance evaluation and a personnel selection problem were studied as alternatives under different decision criteria and

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Horiuchi, Hiroyuki, Makoto Fujiwara, Shuichi Yamashita, Akinori Ohta, and Masamichi Takagi. "Proliferation of Intrahyphal Hyphae Caused by Disruption ofcsmA, Which Encodes a Class V Chitin Synthase with a Myosin Motor-Like Domain in Aspergillus nidulans." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 12 (1999): 3721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.12.3721-3729.1999.

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ABSTRACT We have found that the Aspergillus nidulans csmA gene encodes a novel protein which consists of an N-terminal myosin motor-like domain and a C-terminal chitin synthase domain (M. Fujiwara, H. Horiuchi, A. Ohta, and M. Takagi, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 236:75–78, 1997). To clarify the roles of csmA in fungal morphogenesis, we constructed csmA null mutants. The growth rate of the mutant colonies was almost the same as that of the wild-type strain, but hyphal growth was severely inhibited when a chitin-binding reagent, Calcofluor white or Congo red, was added to the medium. Moreover

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Ding, Hong Wei, Zheng Wang, Yi Fan Zhao, Zhe Zheng, and Qian Lin Liu. "The Throughput Analysis of IBTCRPP-CSMA in Ad Hoc Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.888.

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From the point of view to improve QoS of Ad Hoc network, this paper analyses the problem about mobile nodes in Ad Hoc network and decides to solve the problem by designing effective MAC protocol. Therefore, a novel random multi-access protocol using Binary Tree Collision Resolution for collision packets in Probability-Persistent Random Multi-Access (IBTCRPP-CSMA) is proposed. The throughput of IBTCRPP-CSMA and computer simulation experiments are obtained. Simulation results agree with theoretical analysis. By contrasts of throughputs among several CSMA protocols, IBTCRPP-CSMA has higher throug

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Kaur, Kulbir, and Kiran Kumar. "Slotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocols- A Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 2 (2013): 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v7i2.3258.

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CSMA/CA protocols rely on the random deferment of packet transmissions. Like most other protocols, CSMA/CA was designed with the assumption that the nodes would play by the rules. This is important the nodes themselves control deferment. However, with the higher programmability of the network adapters, the temptation to tamper with the software or firmware is likely to grow; in this way, a user could obtain a much larger share of the available bandwidth at the expenseof other users. This paper focuses on slotted CSMA/CA and tries to find out its limitations of the slotted CSMA/CA protocols.

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Zhao, Yifan, Shengjie Zhou, Hongwei Ding, Shaowen Yao, Zhijun Yang, and Qianlin Liu. "CSMA/CA MAC Protocol with Function of Monitoring based on Binary Tree Conflict Resolution for Cognitive Radio Networks." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 8, no. 2 (2016): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2016040103.

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The CSMA/CA protocol is the most widely-compete agreement used by a network. Therefore, MAC layer of cognitive radio networks mostly use the CSMA/CA protocol to provide the competitive channel resources. Due to the unique characteristics and related needs of the cognitive radio networks, design their network protocol is a critical task. For its characteristics, design and implement a comprehensive CSMA/CA protocol, including arrival rate control, priority services, monitoring, conflict resolution and increased throughput; elaborated protocol model, system throughput and other parameters, demon

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Nellore, Kapileswar, Vijayasanthi Palepu, Mohan Radha Devi Palepu, and Kumar Chenchela Vijay. "IMPROVING THE LIFESPAN OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS VIA EFFICIENT CARRIER SENSING SCHEME-CSMA/SDF." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 4 (2016): 723–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50383.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)  refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment like temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, etc. WSNs are deployed where manual intervention and wired infrastructure installation is not feasible. Lifetime of WSNs is of major issue. Energy efficient WSNs are to be deployed to improve the network lifespan instead of replacing nodes frequently which is of high cost. In this paper, we propose CSMA/Shortest Data First (SDF) an energy efficient MAC protocol, to increa

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Harms, Faith, Emma Fukuda, Aaron B. Norris, Ryan R. Rathmann, and Whitney L. Crossland. "13 Effect of supplementation frequency of cottonseed meal to pre-pubertal heifers consuming low quality forage." Journal of Animal Science 103, Supplement_2 (2025): 113–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf170.131.

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Abstract In semi-arid regions, grasses mature quickly and quality declines with it, leaving low quality standing hay which is not typically suitable for growing calves. Research has demonstrated that cattle grazing low quality forage can benefit from protein supplementation since overall crude protein is typically limiting optimal ruminal fermentation of fiber. However, frequent supplementation increases labor costs. Although ruminants can recycle nitrogen in protein limiting environments it is not clear how frequently pre-pubertal replacement heifers must be supplemented to maintain acceptabl

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Xia, Feng, Jie Li, Ruonan Hao, Xiangjie Kong, and Ruixia Gao. "Service Differentiated and Adaptive CSMA/CA over IEEE 802.15.4 for Cyber-Physical Systems." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/947808.

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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that collect, exchange, manage information, and coordinate actions are an integral part of the Smart Grid. In addition, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in CPS, especially in the wireless sensor/actuator networks, plays an essential role in Smart Grid applications. IEEE 802.15.4, which is one of the most widely used communication protocols in this area, still needs to be improved to meet multiple QoS requirements. This is because IEEE 802.15.4 slotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) employs static parameter configuration without sup

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Sangeetha, A., K. Parthiban, and R. Gopi. "Stability and Achieving Maximum Throughput Using Slotted Aloha and Csma with Multipacket Reception." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 2 (2015): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.321507.

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The random access protocols with multi packet reception (MPR), which include both slotted-Aloha and slotted τ-persistent CSMA protocols. For both protocols, each node makes a transmission attempt in a slot with a given probability. The transmission channel is divided into equal slot using slotted-Aloha, then CSMA is used to check whether the channel is idle or not. CSMA is used to avoid collision that is occurred during transmission. Toward receive the optimal transmission probability maximizing a system throughput for both protocols and to develop a simple random access protocol with MPR, thi

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16

Tan, H. H., and Kuang Tsai. "Packet output processes of CSMA and CSMA/CD protocols." IEEE Transactions on Communications 44, no. 4 (1996): 464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.489093.

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Liu, Zheng Gang, Hong Wei Ding, Xiao Hui Ma, Qian Lin Liu, and Jia Long Xiong. "FPGA-Based Dual-Probabilities CSMA/CA Control System Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2297.

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This paper presents a protocol to improve traditional CSMA protocol: DP-CSMA/CA protocol. In this paper, it is used in the design of WSN communication system based on FPGA. By using the method of the averaging period, we give the throughput parameters of this improved system. Simulation results confirmed that the DP-CSMA/CA protocol improves the system performance. The FPGA design is also effective to improve the performance of module in WSN. We completed the design of system based on DP-CSMA with FPGA. The test results show that: throughput are improved, packet collision is reduced, and chann

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Shin, Youngran, Vinh Van Thai, Devinder Grewal, and Yulseong Kim. "Do corporate sustainable management activities improve customer satisfaction, word of mouth intention and repurchase intention? Empirical evidence from the shipping industry." International Journal of Logistics Management 28, no. 2 (2017): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-11-2015-0220.

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Purpose As the concept of corporate sustainable management activities (CSMA) has become an increasingly important element of corporate management, much attention has been paid to its impact on customer relationship. Although there exists many studies concentrating mainly on the environment aspect of CSMA, only a few address the three dimensions of CSMA (environmental, social and economic) and examine their comprehensive impact on relationship marketing. In an attempt to fill this gap, the purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the influence of CSMA on customer satisfaction (CS), w

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Chuan Heng Foh and M. Zukerman. "CSMA with reservations by interruptions (CSMA/RI): a novel approach to reduce collisions in CSMA/CD." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 18, no. 9 (2000): 1572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.872947.

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20

Ashraf, Manzur, Aruna Jayasuriya, and Sylvie Perreau. "Load-regulated CSMA." International Journal of Communication Systems 22, no. 1 (2009): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.963.

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Guan, Jian, Fu-zhen Yuan, Zi-mu Mao, et al. "Fabrication of 3D-Printed Interpenetrating Hydrogel Scaffolds for Promoting Chondrogenic Differentiation." Polymers 13, no. 13 (2021): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132146.

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The limited self-healing ability of cartilage necessitates the application of alternative tissue engineering strategies for repairing the damaged tissue and restoring its normal function. Compared to conventional tissue engineering strategies, three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a greater potential for developing tissue-engineered scaffolds. Herein, we prepared a novel photocrosslinked printable cartilage ink comprising of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (CSMA). The PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffolds possessed favorable comp

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Takagi, Hideaki, and Masayuki Murata. "Output processes of slotted persistent CSMA and CSMA/CD systems." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 13, no. 4-5 (1987): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(87)90008-0.

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23

Guo, Ying Ying, Hong Wei Ding, Yi Fan Zhao, Jia Guo, and Qian Lin Liu. "Probability Detection CSMA with Monitoring Based on the Improved Binary Tree Conflict Resolution Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.897.

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This paper presents a new wireless sensor network MAC protocol: the probability detection CSMA protocol with monitoring function based on the improved binary tree conflict resolution algorithm. By using the average cycle method, the paper gets the mathematical expressions of the throughput, system average delay of the probability detection CSMA protocol with monitoring function and the probability detection CSMA protocol with monitoring function based on the improved binary tree conflict resolution algorithm through complicated mathematical modeling, rigorous mathematical derivation. The compu

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Voiter, Anatolii P. "Analysis of the Influence of Self-Similar Traffic on Efficiency Multiple Access Protocols." Control Systems and Computers, no. 1 (301) (April 1, 2023): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/csc.2023.01.073.

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Introduction. Traffic in modern telecommunication radio networks is self-similar, therefore, the use of methods for calculating the parameters of Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocols adopted in the classical theory of teletraffic, based on Poisson distribution models, leads to an underestimation of the load and stability of these protocols. Purpose. Build a mathematical model for the operation of synchronous CSMA protocols with flexible and rigid strategies in conditions of self-shaped traffic. Obtain average transmission rate equations and their comparative analysis of the results o

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Kim, Seungku. "Enabling WLAN and WPAN Coexistence via Cross-Technology Communication." Sensors 22, no. 3 (2022): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030707.

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In the limited frequency spectrum shared by various wireless communication technologies, cross-technology interference is an important factor which determines communication performance. A variety of coexistence methods to reduce the impact of this interference have been studied, but most of them cannot explicitly coordinate the shared spectrum and are not practical. This paper presents an explicit coexistence mechanism using cross-technology communication among heterogeneous wireless technologies. This mimics “carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance” (CSMA/CA) via bidirectional

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Deng, Lili, Kangkang Ou, Jiaxin Shen, et al. "Double Cross-Linked Chitosan/Bacterial Cellulose Dressing with Self-Healable Ability." Gels 9, no. 10 (2023): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9100772.

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Self-healing hydrogel products have attracted a great deal of interest in wound healing due to their ability to repair their own structural damage. Herein, an all-natural self-healing hydrogel based on methacrylated chitosan (CSMA) and dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DABC) is developed. MA is used to modify CS and obtain water-soluble biomaterial-based CSMA with photo crosslinking effects. BC is modified through a simple oxidation method to gain dialdehyde on the polymer chain. The success of the modification is confirmed via FTIR. Hydrogels are formed within 11 min through the establishment o

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Ndih, Eugène David Ngangue, and Soumaya Cherkaoui. "Mac for Physical-Layer Network Coding in VANETs." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 8, no. 4 (2012): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2012100106.

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In this paper, the authors present VPNC-MAC, a PNC-based MAC protocol for efficient and reliable periodic beacon broadcasts in VANETs. In addition to PNC-based scheduled transmissions, VPNC-MAC makes use of CSMA/CA to ensure fairness and flexibility with transmissions from CSMA-based nodes. VPNC-MAC consists of two phases: In the setup phase, a quasi-optimal mechanism of selecting a relay node is proposed to take into account both the position, and the remaining time the relay needs for delivering its current beacon. In the packet exchange phase, they define two priority modes to deal with the

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Pawan, Sahu, and Kore Sushma. "Enhancements in CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA for Collision Handling in Ethernet and Wi-Fi Networks." Journal of Network Security and Data Mining 8, no. 2 (2025): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15356719.

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<em>Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) are fundamental access control mechanisms used in Ethernet and Wi-Fi networks, respectively. However, as network traffic grows and devices become more interconnected, traditional implementations of these protocols encounter inefficiencies, leading to increased collision rates, network congestion, and higher transmission delays. This paper explores recent advancements in CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA aimed at improving collision handling, reducing packet loss, and opti

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Schuiringa, Gerke H., Marko Mihajlovic, Corrinus C. van Donkelaar, Tina Vermonden, and Keita Ito. "Creating a Functional Biomimetic Cartilage Implant Using Hydrogels Based on Methacrylated Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid." Gels 8, no. 7 (2022): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8070457.

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The load-bearing function of articular cartilage tissue contrasts with the poor load-bearing capacity of most soft hydrogels used for its regeneration. The present study explores whether a hydrogel based on the methacrylated natural polymers chondroitin sulfate (CSMA) and hyaluronic acid (HAMA), injected into warp-knitted spacer fabrics, could be used to create a biomimetic construct with cartilage-like mechanical properties. The swelling ratio of the combined CSMA/HAMA hydrogels in the first 20 days was higher for hydrogels with a higher CSMA concentration, and these hydrogels also degraded q

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Voiter, Anatolii P. "Efficiency of adaptive Multiple Access Protocols of Packet Radio Networks Under Self-Similar Traffic Conditions." Control Systems and Computers, no. 1 (305) (2024): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/csc.2024.01.018.

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Introduction. Self-similar traffic in modern telecommunication radio networks requires new methods for calculating parameters of adaptive Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocols, different from those adopted in classical teletraffic theory based on Poisson distribution models. Purpose. Construction of a mathematical model of the operation of adaptive synchronous CSMA protocols in conditions of self-generating traffic for three strategies for changing the length of data packets, and obtaining equations for the average transmission rate and comparing the effectiveness of adaptive control

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31

Politis, Anastasios C., and Hristos T. Anastassiu. "Performance Analysis of Resource Sharing During Downlink Multi-User Transmissions in CSMA/ECA Full Duplex WLANs." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 21, no. 1 (2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2020-0005.

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AbstractFull Duplex (FD) wireless communications is considered to be the next big step for future Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Old (IEEE 802.11ac) and new (IEEE 802.11ax) WLAN features are expected to co-exist with FD operation. Some of these features include Downlink Multi-User (DL MU) transmissions at the physical layer while at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer techniques such as the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) sharing mechanism facilitates these multiuser transmissions. The traditional Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol is inadequate

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Takeshita, Norio, Akinori Ohta, and Hiroyuki Horiuchi. "CsmA, a Class V Chitin Synthase with a Myosin Motor-like Domain, Is Localized through Direct Interaction with the Actin Cytoskeleton inAspergillus nidulans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 4 (2005): 1961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0761.

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One of the essential features of fungal morphogenesis is the polarized synthesis of cell wall components such as chitin. The actin cytoskeleton provides the structural basis for cell polarity in Aspergillus nidulans, as well as in most other eukaryotes. A class V chitin synthase, CsmA, which contains a myosin motor-like domain (MMD), is conserved among most filamentous fungi. The ΔcsmA null mutant showed remarkable abnormalities with respect to cell wall integrity and the establishment of polarity. In this study, we demonstrated that CsmA tagged with 9× HA epitopes localized near actin structu

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Huwae, Raphael Bianco, Andy Hidayat Jatmika, and Noor Alamsyah. "EVALUASI PERFORMANSI PROTOKOL 6LOWPAN TERHADAP CSMA/CA PADA PERANGKAT IOT." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi, Komputer, dan Aplikasinya (JTIKA ) 5, no. 1 (2023): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jtika.v5i1.289.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) has unique design requirements compared to typical network devices, particularly regarding energy efficiency and performance expectations. To meet the need for low power consumption and easy integration with existing IP network devices, 6LoWPAN is a viable option. 6LoWPAN is an adaptation layer that enables efficient transport of IPv6 packets within small link layer frames, such as those defined by IEEE 802.15.4. In this study, we conducted experiments to compare the delay and throughput performance of 6LoWPAN to the legacy CSMA/CA protocol, which uses IPv4 for add

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Yu, Xuan, Haonan Guo, and Qi Chen. "Comprehensive Assessment and Trading Mechanism of Carbon Sink in China’s Marine Aquaculture." Biology 14, no. 6 (2025): 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14060648.

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This study develops species-specific assessment models for carbon sink in marine aquaculture (CSMA) using provincial data from China’s coastal regions (2004–2023). Key findings are as follows: (1) Cumulative CSMA reached 46.3618 million tonnes, exhibiting three growth phases—initial fluctuations (2004–2008), rapid growth (2008–2015), and optimization and maturation (2015–2023). (2) Species contributions were heterogeneous: shellfish dominated at 45%, followed by shrimp (24%), fish (15%), crab (11%), and algae (5%). (3) Spatially, Guangdong, Fujian, and Shandong consistently lead in CSMA; Guang

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Liu, Dong Mei, and Jun Song Zhang. "On the Model Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Library Information Service." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4570.

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In wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee,we often see such a model that full symmetric transmission model of competition for channel resources based on CSMA/CA algorithm. For the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of entire network,this paper establishes a model that communicate as planned which based on CSMA/CA algorithm.

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Hüseyn oğlu Məmmədov, Famil. "Mathematical models of wireless local communication networks and methods of calculation of probability-time characteristics." SCIENTIFIC WORK 75, no. 2 (2022): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/75/148-154.

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802.11 standartı və CSMA/CA protokolu əsasında qurulmuş simsiz lokal rabitə şəbəkələrinə baxılır. Baxılan şəbəkələr üzrə verilənlərin ötürülməsi zam- anı yaranan fiziki və ehtimal prosesləri nəzərə almaqla z-çevirməsi əsasında, onların riyazi modeli işlənmışdir. Bu model əsasında bilavasitə birləşmə və gözləmə prinsipli həlledicili əks əlaqəli alqoritmılərdən istifadə etməklə baxılan şəbəkələrin riyazi modelləri və ehtimal-zaman xarakteristikalarının hesablanması metodları işlənmişdir. Açar sözlər: simsiz lokal rabitə şəbəkələr, 802.11 stanrartı, CSMA/CA protokolu, z-çevirməsi, riyazi modellər

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Liu, Yang, Lei Liu, Jiacheng Liang, Jin Chai, Xuemei Lei, and Hui Zhang. "High-Performance Long Range-Based Medium Access Control Layer Protocol." Electronics 9, no. 8 (2020): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081273.

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Long Range (LoRa) has become one of the most promising physical layer technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Although it manifests low-power consumption and long-distance communication, LoRa encounters a large number of collisions in the IoT environment, which severely affects the system’s throughput and delay performance. In this paper, a code division carrier sense multiple access (CD/CSMA) protocol that resolves the traditional channel collision problem and implements multi-channel transmission is proposed for the LoRa medium access control (MAC) layer. To reduce data tran

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Nguyen, VanDung, Tran Anh Khoa, Thant Zin Oo, Nguyen H. Tran, Choong Seon Hong, and Eui-Nam Huh. "Time Slot Utilization for Efficient Multi-Channel MAC Protocol in VANETs." Sensors 18, no. 9 (2018): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093028.

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In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), many schemes for a multi-channel media access control (MAC) protocol have been proposed to adapt to dynamically changing vehicle traffic conditions and deliver both safety and non-safety packets. One such scheme is to employ both time-division multiple access (TDMA) and carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) schemes (called a hybrid TDMA/CSMA scheme) in the control channel (CCH) interval. The scheme can adjust the length of the TDMA period depending on traffic conditions. In this paper, we propose a modified packet transmitted in the TDMA period to reduce t

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Xu, Xin Yue, Xue Mei Ye, Yun Jie Zhu, Yu Jia Dai, Xue Song Li, and Zheng Zheng Gong. "Research on Wireless Network Traffic Modeling Based on Channel State." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 1679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.1679.

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The IEEE802.11 protocol proposed the CSMA/CA mechanism [1] which is more adjustable to the application of the wireless channel based on CSMA. This article will analyze the property of the traffic in the multi-hop wireless network, give the definitions and the migration relationship of four channel states, provide a model for the traffic of the nodes and describe the relationship among the part of the parameters based on the IEEE802.11 protocol.

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Kouka, Neji, Tarek Guesmi, K. Ashokkumar, and Ouajdi Korbaa. "An Improvement of Contention Window for IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA/CA." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 8 (2020): 3333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9181.

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The IEEE 802.15.6 standard is become an essential wireless access technology for the WBAN networks, with an objective to adapt wireless communications to the recent applications. This paper proposes an improvement of the well known CSMA/CA procedure with an idea to give a new size of its contention window length. Simulation results show that, compared with standard IEEE 802.15.6, the delay time, packet loss rate of the improved CSMA/CA are be significantly reduced.

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Emmanuel, Douglas Ikiomoye, Rotimi-Williams Bello, and Domor Mienye Ibomoiye. "Random Multiple Access Scheme Protocol." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 8, no. 7 (2019): 2150–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4453817.

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Abstract: This paper considers random access protocol, which is part of multiple access scheme protocol. It focuses on carrying out a background research of the Aloha and CSMA family in terms of performance, throughput and offered load. Furthermore,  the paper presents, compares and discusses the measurements result obtained in Aloha’s and CSMA’s family in terms of throughput and offered load using Matrix Laboratory, C++ and QualNet simulator.

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Prodromides, K. H., and W. H. Sanders. "Performability evaluation of CSMA/CD and CSMA/DCR protocols under transient fault conditions." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 42, no. 1 (1993): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.210282.

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Baida'a, Abdul Qader Khudor, Adil Abdulzahra Abdulmalik, and Mumtaz Kudhair Nagham. "Implementation of CSMACA and ALOHA random-access protocols for packetizing wireless networks with model-based design." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 9 (117) (2022): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.260092.

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Because of the reliability of deployment, cost efficiency, and flexibility of ad-hoc wireless local networks (WLAN). These wireless networks have grown to be the everywhere connection solution in residential and public access networking protocols. It is important to know which strategy performs better with the least amount of delay. The Multiple Access Control protocols (MAC) that are relied on ALOHA, and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) as random access techniques, have substantially aided the rapid growth of such wireless access networks. This work provides a

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Saravanan, M., Rajeev Sukumaran, M. R. Christhuraj, and T. T. Manikandan. "Stochastic Network Calculus Model for Delay Distribution of Time Division Multiple Access and Carrier Sense Multiple Access in Underwater Acoustic Wireless Communication." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (2021): 2885–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2325.

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Underwater Acoustic wireless communication becomes a popular research area for transmitting and receiving data between the communicators in the ocean environment. High accuracy in data communication can be succeeded by proficient modeling of carrier sense multiple access and time division access. For such innovations, the system has to proceed with an appropriate framework to make constant data traffic and limitations on start to finish data traffic delays. There are two major wireless communication multiple access methods that can be utilized in real-time underwater networks. One of the multi

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Lin, Wen Qi, Yi Liu, Li Meng Song, Yuan Jiao Zhang, and Fei Guo. "Comparison and Analysis of MAC Protocol in Multimedia Communications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.496.

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MAC protocol analysis and comparison to the multimedia communication theory as the framework, firstly discusses the requirement of communication network in computer networks and multimedia applications. MAC protocols oriented to wireless sensor networks are compared and analyzed. Summary of CSMA/CA, CSMA/CD, S-MAC and basic principles and applicable occasions, main parameters is made. Properties of the three MAC protocols is compared. The results of this study provides reference for MAC protocol oriented to multimedia communications.

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Luwemba, Godfrey, Mussa M. Kissaka, and Prosper Mafole. "Exploring Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance Techniques for Resource Sharing in Broadband Power Line Communications." Tanzania Journal of Science 48, no. 2 (2022): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i2.8.

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A resource sharing in power line communications (PLC) for the home network is restricted by the channel assignment techniques which decide who has the right to gain access to send data. The channel assignment techniques include contention-free and contention-based. The former requires high synchronization due to the deterministic round-trip time. Besides, contention-based utilizes CSMA/CA techniques that allow stations in a network to compete for channel access and are suitable for decentralized network topology. However, a trade-off exists between the number of stations required to gain acces

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Lee, Yutae, Min Young Chung, and Tae-Jin Lee. "Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF under Nonsaturation Condition." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2008 (2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/574197.

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Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) methods are considered to be attractive MAC protocols for wireless LANs. IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) is a random channel access scheme based on CSMA/CA method and the binary slotted exponential backoff procedure to reduce the packet collision. In this paper, we propose a new analytical model for a nonsaturated IEEE 802.11 DCF network and evaluate its performance. We verify our model using simulations and show that our results agree with the simulations.

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Casasayas, Maria, Jacinto García-Lorenzo, Beatriz Gómez-Ansón, et al. "Low skeletal muscle mass assessed directly from the 3rd cervical vertebra can predict pharyngocutaneous fistula risk after total laryngectomy in the male population." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 279, no. 2 (2021): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-07127-3.

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Abstract Purpose Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss and sarcopenia have been identified as risk factors for postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) formation after total laryngectomy (TL) and SMM assessed from a computed tomography image of the 3rd cervical vertebra (C3). Methods Retrospective study of 86 male patients who underwent TL between 2013 and 2019 in a single institution. We excluded women from the analysis due to our limited sample. SMM was determined from cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) measureme

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Nugraha, I. Gde Dharma, Edwiansyah Zaky Ashadi, and Ardiansyah Musa Efendi. "Performance Evaluation of Collision Avoidance for Multi-node LoRa Networks based on TDMA and CSMA Algorithm." Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications 15, no. 1 (2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.58346/jowua.2024.i1.005.

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LoRa can be used as the communication technology for the intelligent monitoring system. However, LoRa is usually used for outdoor communication. The usage of LoRa as indoor communication has many challenges. One of the challenges is that collision happens when using standard LoRa devices with only one channel. The algorithms based on TDMA (Time-division Multiple Access) and CSMA (Carrier-sense Multiple Access) protocols can be used to address this challenge. These two algorithms can be modified by applying the device that is the center of the network (gateway) as a central control and the data

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Saini, Akshita. "CSMA/CD with Priority Queue." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 11 (2019): p95116. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.11.2019.p95116.

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