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Journal articles on the topic 'CSMC'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Frigaard, Niels-Ulrik, Hui Li, Kirstin J. Milks, and Donald A. Bryant. "Nine Mutants of Chlorobium tepidum Each Unable To Synthesize a Different Chlorosome Protein Still Assemble Functional Chlorosomes." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 3 (February 1, 2004): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.3.646-653.2004.

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ABSTRACT Chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum comprise mostly bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c), small amounts of BChl a, carotenoids, and quinones surrounded by a lipid-protein envelope. These structures contain 10 different protein species (CsmA, CsmB, CsmC, CsmD, CsmE, CsmF, CsmH, CsmI, CsmJ, and CsmX) but contain relatively little total protein compared to other photosynthetic antenna complexes. Except for CsmA, which has been suggested to bind BChl a, the functions of the chlorosome proteins are not known. Nine mutants in which a single csm gene was inactivated were created; these mutants included genes encoding all chlorosome proteins except CsmA. All mutants had BChl c contents similar to that of the wild-type strain and had growth rates indistinguishable from or within ∼90% (CsmC− and CsmJ−) of those of the wild-type strain. Chlorosomes isolated from the mutants lacked only the protein whose gene had been inactivated and were generally similar to those from the wild-type strain with respect to size, shape, and BChl c, BChl a, and carotenoid contents. However, chlorosomes from the csmC mutant were about 25% shorter than those from the wild-type strain, and the BChl c absorbance maximum was blue-shifted about 8 nm, indicating that the structure of the BChl c aggregates in these chlorosomes is altered. The results of the present study establish that, except with CsmA, when the known chlorosome proteins are eliminated individually, none of them are essential for the biogenesis, light harvesting, or structural organization of BChl c and BChl a within the chlorosome. These results demonstrate that chlorosomes are remarkably robust structures that can tolerate considerable changes in protein composition.
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2

Zhou, Yong, Lifang Hu, Lunwei Jiang, and Shiqiang Liu. "Genome-wide identification, characterization, and transcriptional analysis of the metacaspase gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)." Genome 61, no. 3 (March 2018): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0174.

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Metacaspase (MC), a family of caspase-like proteins, plays vital roles in regulating programmed cell death (PCD) during development and in response to stresses in plants. In this study, five MC genes (designated as CsMC1 to CsMC5) were identified in the cucumber (Cucumis sativus) genome. Sequence analysis revealed that CsMC1–CsMC3 belong to type I MC proteins, while CsMC4 and CsMC5 are type II MC proteins. Phylogenetic tree and conserved motif analysis of MC proteins indicated that these proteins can be classified into two groups, which are correlated with the types of these MC proteins. Gene structure analysis demonstrated that type I CsMC genes contain 4–7 introns, while all type II CsMC genes harbor one intron. In addition, many hormone-, stress-, and development-related cis-elements were identified in the promoter regions of CsMC genes. Expression analysis using RNA-seq data revealed that CsMC genes have distinct expression patterns in various tissues and developmental stages. qRT-PCR results showed that the transcript levels of CsMC genes could be regulated by various abiotic stresses such as NaCl, PEG, and cold. These results demonstrate that the cucumber MC gene family may function in tissue development and plant stress responses.
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3

Li, Hui, and Donald A. Bryant. "Envelope Proteins of the CsmB/CsmF and CsmC/CsmD Motif Families Influence the Size, Shape, and Composition of Chlorosomes in Chlorobaculum tepidum." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 22 (September 11, 2009): 7109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00707-09.

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ABSTRACT The chlorosome envelope of Chlorobaculum tepidum contains 10 proteins that belong to four structural motif families. A previous mutational study (N.-U. Frigaard, H. Li, K. J. Milks, and D. A. Bryant, J. Bacteriol. 186:646-653, 2004) suggested that some of these proteins might have redundant functions. Six multilocus mutants were constructed to test the effects of eliminating the proteins of the CsmC/CsmD and CsmB/CsmF motif families, and the resulting strains were characterized physiologically and biochemically. Mutants lacking all proteins of either motif family still assembled functional chlorosomes, and as measured by growth rates of the mutant strains, light harvesting was affected only at the lowest light intensities tested (9 and 32 μmol photons m−2 s−1). The size, composition, and biogenesis of the mutant chlorosomes differed from those of wild-type chlorosomes. Mutants lacking proteins of the CsmC/CsmD motif family produced smaller chlorosomes than did the wild type, and the Qy absorbance maximum for the bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates in these chlorosomes was strongly blueshifted. Conversely, the chlorosomes of mutants lacking proteins of the CsmB/CsmF motif family were larger than wild-type chlorosomes, and the Qy absorption for their bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates was redshifted. When CsmH was eliminated in addition to other proteins of either motif family, chlorosomes had smaller diameters. These data show that the chlorosome envelope proteins of the CsmB/CsmF and CsmC/CsmD families play important roles in determining chlorosome size as well as the assembly and supramolecular organization of the bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates within the chlorosome.
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4

Chung, Soohee, and Donald A. Bryant. "Characterization of the csmD and csmE genes from Chlorobium tepidum. The CsmA, CsmC, CsmD, and CsmE proteins are components of the chlorosome envelope." Photosynthesis Research 50, no. 1 (October 1996): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00018220.

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5

Bowles, D. K., K. K. Maddali, V. C. Dhulipala, and D. H. Korzick. "PKCδ mediates anti-proliferative, pro-apoptic effects of testosterone on coronary smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 2 (August 2007): C805—C813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00127.2007.

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Sex hormone status has emerged as an important modulator of coronary physiology and cardiovascular disease risk in both males and females. Our previous studies have demonstrated that testosterone increases protein kinase C (PKC) δ expression and activity in coronary smooth muscle (CSMC). Because PKCδ has been implicated in regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in other cell types, we sought to determine if testosterone modulates CSMC proliferation and/or apoptosis through PKCδ. Porcine CSMC cultures (passages 2–6) from castrated males were treated with testosterone for 24 h. Testosterone (20 and 100 nM) decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation in proliferating CSMC to 59 ± 5.3 and 33.1 ± 4.5% of control. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that testosterone induced G1arrest in CSMC with a concomitant reduction in the S phase cells. Testosterone reduced protein levels of cyclins D1and E and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein while elevating levels of p21cip1and p27kip1. There were no significant differences in the levels of cyclins D3, CDK2, CDK4, or CDK6. Testosterone significantly reduced kinase activity of CDK2 and -6, but not CDK4, -7, or -1. PKCδ small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented testosterone-mediated G1arrest, p21cip1upregulation, and cyclin D1and E downregulation. Furthermore, testosterone increased CSMC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which was blocked by either PKCδ siRNA or caspase 3 inhibition. These findings demonstrate that the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic effects of testosterone on CSMCs are substantially mediated by PKCδ.
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6

Somara, Sita, Daniela Bashllari, Robert R. Gilmont, and Khalil N. Bitar. "Real-time dynamic movement of caveolin-1 during smooth muscle contraction of human colon and aged rat colon transfected with caveolin-1 cDNA." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 300, no. 6 (June 2011): G1022—G1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00301.2010.

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Caveolin-1 (cav-1) plays a key role in PKC-α and RhoA signaling pathways during acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction of colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMC). Aged rat CSMC showed sluggish contractility, concomitant with reduced expression of cav-1 with an associated reduction in activation of PKC-α and RhoA signaling pathway. Real-time monitoring of live human CSMC transfected with yellow fluorescent protein-tagged wild-type caveolin 1 cDNA (YFP-wt-cav-1) cDNA in the present study suggests that cav-1 cycles within and along the membrane in a synchronized, highly organized cytoskeletal path. These studies provide, for the first time, the advantages of real-time monitoring of the dynamic movement of caveolin in living cells. Rapid movement of cav-1 in response to ACh suggests its dynamic role in CSMC contraction. Human CSMC transfected with YFP-ΔTFT-cav-1 dominant negative cDNA show fluorescence in the cytosol of the CSMC and no movement of fluorescent cav-1 in response to ACh mimicking the response shown by aged rat CSMC. Transfection of CSMC from aged rat with YFP-wt-cav-1 cDNA restored the physiological contractile response to ACh as well as the dynamic movement of cav-1 along the organized cytoskeletal path observed in normal adult CSMC. To study the force generation by CSMC, three-dimensional colonic rings were bioengineered. Colonic bioengineered rings from aged CSMC showed reduced force generation compared with colonic bioengineered rings from adult CSMC. Colonic bioengineered rings from aged CSMC transfected with wt-cav-1 cDNA showed force generation similar to colonic bioengineered rings from adult rat CSMC. The data suggest that contraction in CSMC is dependent on cav-1 reorganization dynamics, which restores the physiological contractile response in aged CSMC. We hypothesize that dynamic movement of cav-1 is essential for physiological contractile response of colonic smooth muscle.
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7

Chesebro, James W. "CSMC bookends." Critical Studies in Media Communication 17, no. 2 (June 2000): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295030009388392.

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8

Chesebro, James W. "CSMC bookends." Critical Studies in Media Communication 17, no. 4 (December 2000): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295030009388416.

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9

Crow, Bryan, and Robert Abelman. "CSMC booknotes." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 5, no. 4 (December 1988): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295038809366724.

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10

Crow, Bryan, and Robert Abelman. "CSMC booknotes." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 6, no. 1 (March 1989): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295038909366735.

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11

Crow, Bryan, and Robert Abelman. "CSMC booknotes." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 6, no. 2 (June 1989): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295038909366748.

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Crow, Bryan, and Robert Abelman. "CSMC booknotes." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 6, no. 4 (December 1989): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295038909366773.

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13

de Zoete, Rutger M. J., Peter G. Osmotherly, Darren A. Rivett, and Suzanne J. Snodgrass. "Cervical Sensorimotor Control Does Not Change Over Time and Is Not Related to Chronic Idiopathic Neck Pain Characteristics: A 6-Month Longitudinal Observational Study." Physical Therapy 100, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz167.

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Abstract Background Cervical sensorimotor control (CSMC) outcomes have been suggested to be important in the assessment of individuals with neck pain, despite the lack of consistent supporting evidence that CSMC skills are related to neck pain. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether CSMC changes over time in individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain and whether neck pain characteristics are associated with CSMC. Design A longitudinal observational study was performed. Methods A total 50 participants with chronic idiopathic neck pain and 50 matched participants who were healthy (controls) completed 7 CSMC tests (including 14 test conditions): joint position error, postural balance, subjective visual vertical, head tilt response, The Fly, smooth pursuit neck torsion, and head steadiness. Neck pain characteristics included pain intensity (visual analog scale), pain duration, and neck disability (Neck Disability Index). Linear mixed models were used to investigate whether any factors were associated with changes in CSMC. Results Neck pain intensity was associated with 1 of 14 CSMC test conditions (balance with torsion and eyes open), and neck disability was associated with balance with eyes open and high-load head steadiness. Other factors, including sex, age, body mass index, physical activity levels, and neck pain duration, showed no association with CSMC. Limitations Although all other tests involved computerized data collection, the joint position error test was administered manually, introducing the risk of researcher bias. Conclusions The few associations between test conditions and neck pain characteristics were at best weak; hence, these are likely to be chance findings. These results suggest that CSMC may not be associated with improvement/worsening of chronic idiopathic neck pain, spawning debate on the clinical usefulness of CSMC tests.
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14

Stanzel, Roger D. P., Sandra Lourenssen, Dileep G. Nair, and Michael G. Blennerhassett. "Mitogenic factors promoting intestinal smooth muscle cell proliferation." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 299, no. 4 (October 2010): C805—C817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00086.2010.

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Intestinal smooth muscle cells are normally quiescent, but in the widely studied model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in the rat, the onset of inflammation causes proliferation that leads to increased cell number and an altered phenotype. The factors that drive this are unclear and were studied in primary cultures of circular smooth muscle cells (CSMC) from the rat colon. While platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were ineffective, PDGF-BB and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) caused significant increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation, bromodeoxyuridine uptake, and increased CSMC number, with PDGF-BB (≥0.2 nM) substantially more effective than IGF-1. Surprisingly, CSMC lacked expression of PDGF receptor-β (PDGF-Rβ) upon isolation but by 4 days in vitro, CSMC gained expression of PDGF-Rβ as shown by quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry; these CSMC responded to PDGF-BB but not IGF-1. PDGF-BB caused PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation and mobilization from the surface membrane, leading to activation of both Akt and ERK signaling pathways, which were essential for subsequent proliferation. In contrast, PDGF-AA, FGF, EGF, and IGF-1 were ineffective. In vivo, control CSMC lacked expression of PDGF-Rβ. However, this changed rapidly with TNBS-colitis, and by day 2 when CSMC proliferation in vivo is maximal, freshly isolated CSMC showed on-going PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation that was further increased by exogenous PDGF-BB. This suggests that the onset of PDGF-Rβ expression is a key factor in CSMC growth in vitro and in vivo, where inflammation may damage intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms and thus lead to hyperplasia.
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Nair, Dileep G., T. Y. Han, S. Lourenssen, and Michael G. Blennerhassett. "Proliferation modulates intestinal smooth muscle phenotype in vitro and in colitis in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 300, no. 5 (May 2011): G903—G913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00528.2010.

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Intestinal inflammation causes an increased intestinal wall thickness, in part, due to the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, which impairs the contractile phenotype elsewhere. To study this, cells from the circular muscle layer of the rat colon (CSMC) were isolated and studied, both in primary culture and after extended passage, using quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. By 4 days in vitro, both mRNA and protein for the smooth muscle marker proteins α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, and SM22-α were reduced by >50%, and mRNA for cyclin D1 was increased threefold, evidence for modulation to a proliferative phenotype. Continued growth caused significant further decrease in expression, evidence that phenotypic loss in CSMC was proportional to the extent of proliferation. In CSMC isolated at day 2 of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis, flow cytometry and Western blotting showed that these differentiated markers were reduced in mitotic CSMC, while similar to control in nonmitotic CSMC. By day 35 post-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, when inflammation has resolved, CSMC were hypertrophic, but, nonetheless, showed markedly decreased expression of smooth muscle protein markers per cell. In vitro, day 35 CSMC displayed an accelerated loss of phenotype and increased thymidine uptake in response to serum or PDGF-BB. Furthermore, carbachol-induced expression of phospho-AKT (a marker of cholinergic response) was lost from day 35 CSMC in vitro, while retained in control cells. Therefore, proliferation reduces the expression of smooth-muscle-specific markers in CSMC, possibly leading to altered contractility. However, inflammation-induced proliferation in vivo also causes lasting changes that include unexpected priming for an exaggerated response to proliferative stimuli. Identification of the molecular mechanisms of intestinal smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation will be helpful in reducing the detrimental effects of inflammation.
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Singer, Cherie A., Sa Vang, and William T. Gerthoffer. "Coupling of M2 muscarinic receptors to Src activation in cultured canine colonic smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 282, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): G61—G68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00100.2002.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether Src tyrosine kinases are one of the signaling intermediaries linking M2 receptor stimulation to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in cultures of canine colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMC). RT-PCR studies demonstrate expression of multiple Src tyrosine kinases, including Src, Fyn, and Yes, in CSMC. Muscarinic stimulation of CSMC with 10 μM ACh results in a twofold increase in Src activity within 10 min but does not increase the activity of Fyn. Treatment with the M2 antagonist AF-DX 116 (10 μM) blocks ACh-stimulated Src activation in primary CSMC cultures that express both M2and M3 receptors and in first-passage CSMC cultures that express predominantly M2 receptors. Alkylation of M3 receptors with 100 nM N,N-dimethyl-4-piperidinyl diphenylacetate mustard has no effect on Src activity. Treatment with the pyrazolopyrimidine Src inhibitor PP1 (10 μM) or AF-DX 116 (10 μM) blocks ACh-stimulated ERK phosphorylation. Together these results indicate that M2 receptors are coupled to Src tyrosine kinase and subsequent activation of ERK in cultured CSMC.
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17

Sohn, Woon-Mok, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, and Gou Ok Kim. "High Endemicity with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yongjeon-cheon (Stream) in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 59, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.97.

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The infection status with Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae (CsMc) was examined in freshwater fishes from Yongjeon-cheon (a branch of Nakdong-gang) located in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, the Republic of Korea (Korea). A total of 750 fishes in 19 species were examined by the artificial digestion method for 2 years (2019 and 2020). CsMc were detected in 378 (51.4%) out of 735 fishes in 14 species (73.7%), and the infection intensity was 666 per fish infected. In 2019, CsMc were found in 172 (68.0%) out of 253 fishes in 10 species, and the infection intensity was 565 per fish infected. In 2020, CsMc were detected in 206 (62.2%) out of 331 fishes in 10 species, and the infection intensity was 751 per fish infected. The other zoonotic trematode, ie. Metagonimus spp., Centrocestus armatus, Echinostoma spp. and Clinostomum complanatum, metacercariae were also detected in fishes from the survey streams, but their endemicities were relatively low. Conclusively, it was first confirmed that CsMc are highly endemic in fishes from Yongjeon-cheon in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea.
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Haavik, Heidi, Nitika Kumari, Kelly Holt, Imran Khan Niazi, Imran Amjad, Amit N. Pujari, Kemal Sitki Türker, and Bernadette Murphy. "The contemporary model of vertebral column joint dysfunction and impact of high-velocity, low-amplitude controlled vertebral thrusts on neuromuscular function." European Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 10 (June 23, 2021): 2675–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04727-z.

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Abstract Purpose There is growing evidence that vertebral column function and dysfunction play a vital role in neuromuscular control. This invited review summarises the evidence about how vertebral column dysfunction, known as a central segmental motor control (CSMC) problem, alters neuromuscular function and how spinal adjustments (high-velocity, low-amplitude or HVLA thrusts directed at a CSMC problem) and spinal manipulation (HVLA thrusts directed at segments of the vertebral column that may not have clinical indicators of a CSMC problem) alters neuromuscular function. Methods The current review elucidates the peripheral mechanisms by which CSMC problems, the spinal adjustment or spinal manipulation alter the afferent input from the paravertebral tissues. It summarises the contemporary model that provides a biologically plausible explanation for CSMC problems, the manipulable spinal lesion. This review also summarises the contemporary, biologically plausible understanding about how spinal adjustments enable more efficient production of muscular force. The evidence showing how spinal dysfunction, spinal manipulation and spinal adjustments alter central multimodal integration and motor control centres will be covered in a second invited review. Results Many studies have shown spinal adjustments increase voluntary force and prevent fatigue, which mainly occurs due to altered supraspinal excitability and multimodal integration. The literature suggests physical injury, pain, inflammation, and acute or chronic physiological or psychological stress can alter the vertebral column’s central neural motor control, leading to a CSMC problem. The many gaps in the literature have been identified, along with suggestions for future studies. Conclusion Spinal adjustments of CSMC problems impact motor control in a variety of ways. These include increasing muscle force and preventing fatigue. These changes in neuromuscular function most likely occur due to changes in supraspinal excitability. The current contemporary model of the CSMC problem, and our understanding of the mechanisms of spinal adjustments, provide a biologically plausible explanation for how the vertebral column’s central neural motor control can dysfunction, can lead to a self-perpetuating central segmental motor control problem, and how HVLA spinal adjustments can improve neuromuscular function.
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Saeed, Muhammad, Fazal Dayan, and Usman Ali. "A Comparative Study of FCSM, FSAW and TOPSIS Techniques using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers." Scientific Inquiry and Review 4, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir/2020/42/1235.

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This paper presents a comparative study of different techniques used for fuzzy multi-criteria expert’s decision-making (FMCEDM). These include CSM1, CSM2, CSM3, FSAW, and TOPSIS. We developed the methods CSM1 and CSM3 respectively and studied their validity by comparing their illustration results with that of CSM2, FSAW and TOPSIS. Expert’s ratings and weights were assigned in linguistic variables in terms of triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) to the FMCEDM problem. Airport performance evaluation and a personnel selection problem were studied as alternatives under different decision criteria and experts.
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Chen, Xiang Yang, Jonathan S. Carp, Lu Chen, and Jonathan R. Wolpaw. "Sensorimotor Cortex Ablation Prevents H-Reflex Up-Conditioning and Causes a Paradoxical Response to Down-Conditioning in Rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (July 2006): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01271.2005.

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Operant conditioning of the H-reflex, a simple model for skill acquisition, requires the corticospinal tract (CST) and does not require other major descending pathways. To further explore its mechanisms, we assessed the effects of ablating contralateral sensorimotor cortex (cSMC). In 22 Sprague–Dawley rats, the hindlimb area of left cSMC was ablated. EMG electrodes were implanted in the right soleus muscle and a stimulating cuff was placed around the right posterior tibial nerve. When EMG remained in a specified range, nerve stimulation just above the M response threshold elicited the H-reflex. In control mode, no reward occurred. In conditioning mode, reward occurred if H-reflex size was above (HRup mode) or below (HRdown mode) a criterion value. After exposure to the control mode for ≥10 days, each rat was exposed for another 50 days to the control mode, the HRup mode, or the HRdown mode. In control and HRup rats, final H-reflex size was not significantly different from initial H-reflex size. In contrast, in HRdown rats, final H-reflex size was significantly increased to an average of 136% of initial size. Thus like recent CST transection, cSMC ablation greatly impaired up-conditioning. However, unlike recent CST transection, cSMC produced a paradoxical response to down-conditioning: the H-reflex actually increased. These results confirm the critical role of cSMC in H-reflex conditioning and suggest that this role extends beyond producing essential CST activity. Its interactions with ipsilateral SMC or other areas contribute to the complex pattern of spinal and supraspinal plasticity that underlies H-reflex conditioning.
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Kito, Yoshihiko, Kenton M. Sanders, Sean M. Ward, and Hikaru Suzuki. "Interstitial cells of Cajal generate spontaneous transient depolarizations in the rat gastric fundus." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 4 (October 2009): G814—G824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00118.2009.

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Intracellular recordings were made from isolated circular muscle bundles of rat gastric fundus. The majority of cells generated an ongoing discharge of electrical activity that were ≤10 mV in amplitude (unitary potentials). A second pattern of electrical activity was recorded in less than 1% of all impalements. This electrical activity was characterized by high frequency, large amplitude spontaneous transient depolarizations (STDs) with a maximum rate of rise (d V/d tmax) of 0.5 V/s. Injection of the fluorescent dye propidium iodide into cells and double labeling with an antibody against the Kit receptor revealed that unitary potentials were recorded from circular smooth muscle cells (CSMC), whereas STDs were generated by intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-IM). Sustained injection periods (>15 min) resulted in the spread of dye between CSMC, between ICC-IM, and between CSMC and ICC-IM. Two types of STDs were observed, regularly occurring continuous STDs and irregular noisy bursting STDs. The amplitude of STDs varied between the two types of STDs. Single units summed to develop STDs with a maximum amplitude of 30 mV. Sodium nitroprusside (3 μM) induced membrane hyperpolarization and abolished unitary potentials generated by CSMC. In contrast, the amplitude of STDs generated by ICC-IM was increased with membrane hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization induced by pinacidil (10 μM) also increased the amplitude of STDs and enhanced d V/d tmax. These observations indicate that STDs generated in ICC-IM spread passively to the adjacent CSMC to evoke the discharge of unitary potentials in the gastric fundus.
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22

Tu'ma, Dena Hameed, and Ahmed K. Hammoudi. "Characterization and Designing Integral Sliding Mode Controller for 2-Link Robot System with Coulomb Friction." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 23, no. 3 (November 14, 2020): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.23030249.

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The indemnification of uncertainty and disturbance which is added to non-linear systems by an Integral Sliding Mode Controller (ISMC) design. the key target of this paper is designing a sturdy controller to observe the performance of a 2-link robot. The nonlinearity in mechanical systems is a shared issue that the researchers are facing in formulating control systems for it. The best solution to this problem is a design Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) for controlling a nonlinear system. In the current paper, 2-link robot is studied which suffering from disturbances and parameter uncertainty and coulomb friction as additional to friction inertia of the system for each link. firstly, Classical Sliding Mode Controller (CSMC) is designed and then Integral Sliding Mode Controller (ISMC). As known, CSMC includes two phases: reaching phase and sliding phase. SMC is suffering from the known phenomenon as "chattering" which is supposed as a critical case and unsuitable characteristic. chattering is described as a curvy movement span the switching surface. In the current study, the chattering is attenuated by employing a saturation function alternative of a sign function. Although SMC can be considered as a good way of controlling nonlinear systems. Where it continues to suffer from the long settling time as undesired features. ISMC is a good method can be employed for reducing the settling time and controlling a nonlinear system. ISMC is easy, robust execution and supposes as an active and strong technique. The most significant advantage in ISMC designing, the reaching phase is canceled that considered a major part of designing classical SMC. The 2 link Robot system was used for proving the performance of CSMC and ISMC algorithms. The outcomes received from the simulations utilizing the ISMC and CSMC which fulfilled asymptotic stability for the system. In comparative between CSMC and ISMC. ISMC is better than CSMC in the good performance of tracking the desired position with less time. Finally, MATLAB2019a software package has relied upon this work.
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SACKETT, WILLIAM H., and MARSHALL L. DORMAN. "Combat System Maintenance Central (CSMC)." Naval Engineers Journal 106, no. 1 (January 1994): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1994.tb02796.x.

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Luan, Yang, Kai Cui, Zhe Tang, Yajun Ruan, Kang Liu, Tao Wang, Zhong Chen, Shaogang Wang, and Jihong Liu. "Human Tissue Kallikrein 1 Improves Erectile Dysfunction of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Inhibition of Excessive Oxidative Stress and Activation of the PI3K/AKT/eNOS Pathway." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (February 29, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6834236.

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Objective. To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of human tissue kallikrein 1 (hKLK1) on type 1 diabetes mellitus- (DM-) induced erectile dysfunction in rats. Materials and Methods. The homozygous transgenic rats (TGR) harboring the hKLK1 gene and age-matched wild-type Sprague Dawley rats (WTR) were involved, and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was utilized to induce diabetes in rats. Forty-eight-week-old male rats were randomly divided into a WTR group, TGR group, diabetic WTR group (WTDM), diabetic TGR group (TGDM), and TGDM with HOE140 group (TGDMH), with eight rats in each group. Twelve weeks later, the erectile response of all rats was detected by cavernous nerve electric stimulation, and corpus cavernosums were harvested to evaluate the levels of cavernous oxidative stress (OS), apoptosis, fibrosis, and involved pathways. Moreover, cavernous smooth muscle cells (CSMC) and endothelial cells (EC) were primarily isolated to build a coculture system for a series of in vitro verification. Results. The hKLK1 gene only existed and was expressed in TGR. Compared to the WTR group, the WTDM group showed a lower erectile response, overactivated OS and apoptosis, inhibited PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway, and aggravated cavernous fibrosis. However, hKLK1 in the TGDM group could improve these pathological changes induced by DM, while its protective effects could be weakened by HOE140 in the TGDMH group. In the coculture system, hKLK1 could induce CSMC relaxation through activating PI3K/eNOS/cGMP signaling and inhibiting calcium ion influx under physiological condition. It could also resist the increased reactive oxygen species, apoptosis level, and reduced cGMP level in CSMC under high-glucose condition. Conclusions. hKLK1 preserves erectile function of DM rats through its antitissue excessive OS, apoptosis, and fibrosis effects, as well as activation of the PI3K/AKT/eNOS/cGMP pathway in the penis. Moreover, hKLK1 promotes relaxation and prevents high glucose-induced injuries of CSMC mediated by EC-CSMC crosstalk.
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LOSS, C. R., and J. H. HOTCHKISS. "Determination of Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Microorganisms with a Continuous Microflow Apparatus." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 2560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.11.2560.

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Use of a continuous microflow submerged microcoil (CSMC) apparatus was compared with the capillary tube (CT) method for measuring the thermal inactivation kinetics of Pseudomonas fluorescens at 61°C for 3 to 29 s. Inocula were continuously pumped through a microbore (≤0.0762 cm inside diameter) thin-walled stainless steel capillary tube submerged in a heated oil bath. The heating time was set by changing the flow rate, tube dimensions, or both. With the use of microthermo-couples, the time for the inocula to reach within 1°C of the set temperature was <3 s, and shorter than that with capillary tubes or vials. Inactivation curves (61°C) for P. fluorescens prepared by the CSMC method were not different from curves prepared by the CT method, as determined by analysis of variance (P > 0.05). Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores (105°C) and native microflora found in raw milk (72°C) over heating times of 3 to 42 s were determined by CSMC. CSMC can measure thermal inactivation kinetics of microorganisms efficiently and simply at high temperatures and in short times. Survivors can be enumerated in 1-ml volumes of heat-treated samples, making it useful for determining inactivation kinetics of low numbers of microorganisms, such as those found in high-quality raw milk. Inactivation kinetics were generally more accurately described by the Weibull function (R2 ≥ 0.97) than the linear kinetic model.
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Somara, Sita, Robert R. Gilmont, Saranyaraajan Varadarajan, and Khalil N. Bitar. "Phosphorylated HSP20 modulates the association of thin-filament binding proteins: caldesmon with tropomyosin in colonic smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 5 (November 2010): G1164—G1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00479.2009.

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Small heat shock proteins HSP27 and HSP20 have been implicated in regulation of contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle. Activation of PKC-α promotes contraction by phosphorylation of HSP27 whereas activation of PKA promotes relaxation by phosphorylation of HSP20 in colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMC). We propose that the balance between the phosphorylation states of HSP27 and HSP20 represents a molecular signaling switch for contraction and relaxation. This molecular signaling switch acts downstream on a molecular mechanical switch [tropomyosin (TM)] regulating thin-filament dynamics. We have examined the role of phosphorylation state(s) of HSP20 on HSP27-mediated thin-filament regulation in CSMC. CSMC were transfected with different HSP20 phosphomutants. These transfections had no effect on the integrity of actin cytoskeleton. Cells transfected with 16D-HSP20 (phosphomimic) exhibited inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction whereas cells transfected with 16A-HSP20 (nonphosphorylatable) had no effect on ACh-induced contraction. CSMC transfected with 16D-HSP20 cDNA showed significant decreases in 1) phosphorylation of HSP27 (ser78); 2) phosphorylation of PKC-α (ser657); 3) phosphorylation of TM and CaD (ser789); 4) ACh-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain; 5) ACh-induced association of TM with HSP27; and 6) ACh-induced dissociation of TM from caldesmon (CaD). We thus propose the crucial physiological relevance of molecular signaling switch (phosphorylation state of HSP27 and HSP20), which dictates 1) the phosphorylation states of TM and CaD and 2) their dissociations from each other.
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Wang, Teng, Yanlan Hu, Huajun Liu, Yu Wu, Yi Shi, Chao Pan, and Longgui Zheng. "Quench Detection Design for CFETR CSMC." Fusion Science and Technology 74, no. 3 (February 21, 2018): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2017.1415613.

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Bazzi, B. A., and N. G. Chalhoub. "Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for a Flexible Single-Link Robotic Manipulator." Journal of Vibration and Control 11, no. 2 (February 2005): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546305049480.

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Two robust non-linear controllers have been developed in this study to control the rigid and flexible motions of a single-link robotic manipulator. The controllers consist of a conventional sliding mode controller (CSMC) and a fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC). The effects of fuzzy-tuning some of the CSMC control parameters on the overall performance of the arm have been investigated in this study. Furthermore, the proposed FSMC, whose parameters are determined by fuzzy inference systems, has been designed herein based on two Lyapunov functions. The rationale is to considerably reduce the momentum of the system before entering the boundary layer neighboring the sliding surface. This will significantly attenuate the structural deformations of the arm. The digital simulations have demonstrated that the structural deformations, incurred by the beam at the onset of its movement, can be significantly reduced by fuzzy-tuning some of the control parameters. Furthermore, the results have illustrated the superiority of the FSMC over the CSMC in producing a less oscillatory and more accurate response of the angular displacement at the base joint, in damping out the unwanted vibrations of the beam, and in requiring significantly smaller control torques.
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Fang, Xing, and Yujia Shang. "Trajectory Tracking Control for Small-Scale Unmanned Helicopters with Mismatched Disturbances Based on a Continuous Sliding Mode Approach." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (April 22, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6235862.

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A novel continuous sliding mode control (CSMC) strategy based on the finite-time disturbance observer (FTDO) is proposed for the small-scale unmanned helicopters in the presence of both matched and mismatched disturbances. First, a novel sliding surface is designed based on the estimates of the mismatched disturbances and their derivatives obtained by the FTDO. Then, a continuous sliding mode control law is developed, which does not lead to any chattering phenomenon. Furthermore, the closed-loop helicopter system is proved to be asymptotically stable. Finally, the excellent hovering and tracking performance, as well as the powerful disturbance rejection capability of the proposed novel CSMC method, is validated by the simulation results.
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Sheikh, Tehsinabanu, Cindy Wu, Niree Kalfayan, Leanne Sakamoto, and Rita Shane. "Health-system specialty pharmacy impact on oral chemotherapy outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.240.

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240 Background: Oral chemotherapy usage has grown significantly over the years as it provides a more convenient and less invasive administrative option for patients.In 2019, 89% of large hospitals owned and operated their own Health System Specialty Pharmacies (HSSP)1.Pharmacist-led medication therapy management services are crucial to provide patient education, monitoring of medication adherence and adverse effect management. With the current vertical integration of health plans and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) increasing their dominance over specialty dispensing channels, HSSP are often excluded from specialty networks. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes of oncology patients filling their oral chemotherapy at Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC) Specialty Pharmacy versus those who are filling their medications at outside specialty pharmacies (OSP). Methods: Electronic health records were used to conduct a retrospective chart review of patients started on oral chemotherapy at CSMC between January 2019 to January 2021. Primary endpoints included time to treatment (TTT) and proportion of days covered (PDC). Secondary endpoints included drug-related problems (DRPs) and treatment-related ED visits and hospitalizations. DRPs were categorized by severity and type of intervention. Results: There were 100 patients included in the study: CSMC group (n = 50) and OSP group (n = 50). Patients in the CMSC group had significantly shorter TTT compared to OSP group (4 days vs. 9.5 days, respectively [P < 0.0026]), as well as a higher PDC (99.5% vs 91%, respectively [P < 0.0005]). Pharmacists identified and resolved 31 DRPs in CSMC arm with 19 DRPs categorized as serious and 1 DRP categorized as life-threatening. For the OSP group, 23 preventable DRPs were identified with 12 DRPs categorized as serious and 1 DRP categorized as life-threatening. There were no treatment-related ED visits or hospitalizations in either group. Conclusions: Patients filling their oral chemotherapy at CSMC Specialty Pharmacy had significantly quicker TTT and higher adherence rates as measured by PDC. Numerous DRPs were identified for OSP patients; potential pharmacist-interventions could have led to optimized and safer medication therapy if filled at a HSSP. Continued research comparing treatment outcomes and interventions made between HSSP and OSP can create a strong argument for health plans and PBMs to consider inclusion of HSSPs into their specialty networks. References: Pedersen CA, Schneider PJ, Ganio MC, Scheckelhoff DJ. ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: Prescribing and transcribing—2019. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2020;77(13):1026-1050. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxaa104
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Chodunaj, Mieczysław, Paweł Szcześniak, and Jacek Kaniewski. "Mathematical Modeling of Current Source Matrix Converter with Venturini and SVM." Electronics 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040558.

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The study of Current Source Matrix Converter (CSMC) static properties using the averaged state-space method for two modulation strategies Venturini and Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is the subject of this article. The converter properties for both modulation strategies have been examined and compared. The modeling approach based on the averaged state space method presented in this paper is relatively simple and requires only a small number of mathematical transformations. The averaged set equation is obtained directly from the three-phase schematic circuit, taking into account the sequences of switching patterns and modulation strategies. All the obtained results have confirmed that CSMC has some interesting properties, such as buck–boost output voltage regulation unlike the classic Matrix Converter (MC), in which the maximum voltage gain is 0.866.
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Al-dwairi, Ahmed, Othman Al-shboul, Mohammad Alqudah, Ayman G Mustafa, and Mahmoud A Alfaqih. "EFFECT OF INSULIN ON LPS-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN MOUSE COLON SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IN VITRO." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23052.

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Objective: The aim of the research is to determine the effect of supraphysiological doses of insulin on mouse colon smooth muscle cells (CSMCs) expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in vitro.Methods: Freshly isolated CSMCs from BALBc mice were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium and treated with various doses of insulin (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 nM) for 48 h, with/without lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 1 ug/mL) to induce inflammation. The levels of IL-1α and TNF-α in the cell homogenates and conditioned media were measured using ELISA.Results: Insulin alone (1, 5, 10, and 20 nM) did not elicit a significant change in the expression or secretion of IL-1α or TNF-α form CSMCs; however, insulin (10 and 20 nM) significantly (p<0.05) increased the expression and secretion (~1.3–1.6-fold) of both IL-1α and TNF-α from CSMCs in the presence of inflammatory stimulus LPS when compared to LPS alone.Conclusion: This study highlights the role of hyperinsulinemia on CSMC inflammation and its potential role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during obesity. Measures that prevent obesity may protect against the development of IBD since the worldwide incidence of both obesity and IBD is increasing in a parallel fashion.
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Somara, Sita, Robert Gilmont, and Khalil N. Bitar. "Role of thin-filament regulatory proteins in relaxation of colonic smooth muscle contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 5 (November 2009): G958—G966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00201.2009.

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Coordinated regulation of smooth muscle contraction and relaxation is required for colonic motility. Contraction is associated with phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC20) and interaction of actin with myosin. Thin-filament regulation of actomyosin interaction is modulated by two actin-binding regulatory proteins: tropomyosin (TM) and caldesmon (CaD). TM and CaD are known to play crucial role in actomyosin interaction promoting contraction. Contraction is associated with phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein HSP27, concomitant with the phosphorylation of TM and CaD. Phosphorylation of HSP27 is attributed as being the prime modulator of thin-filament regulation of contraction. Preincubation of colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMC) with the relaxant neurotransmitter vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) showed inhibition in phosphorylation of HSP27 (ser78). Attenuation of HSP27 phosphorylation can result in modulation of thin-filament-mediated regulation of contraction leading to relaxation; thus the role of thin-filament regulatory proteins in a relaxation milieu was investigated. Preincubation of CSMC with VIP exhibited a decrease in phosphorylation of TM and CaD. Furthermore, CSMC preincubated with VIP showed a reduced association of TM with HSP27 and with phospho-HSP27 (ser78) whereas there was reduced dissociation of TM from CaD and from phospho-CaD. We thus propose that, in addition to alteration in phosphorylation of MLC20, relaxation is associated with alterations in thin-filament-mediated regulation that results in termination of contraction.
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Sohn, Woon-Mok, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Eun-Joo Lim, Sung Yong Son, Eunmi Ko, and Jaeseok Choi. "Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Irrigation Canal of Togyo-jeosuji (Reservoir) in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 59, no. 4 (August 18, 2021): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.427.

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The infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae (ZTM) was investigated in total 568 freshwater fishes (19 species) from the irrigation canal of Togyo-jeosuji (Reservoir) in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, the Republic of Korea for 3 years (2018-2020). All fishes were examined using the artificial digestion method. The metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (CsMc) were detected in 180 (43.8%) out of 411 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 38 per fish infected (PFI). Especially, in 2 fish species, i.e., Pseudorasbora parva and Puntungia herzi, the prevalence was 82.1% and 31.3%, and the infection intensity with CsMc was 88 and 290 PFI, respectively. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae (MsMc) were found in 403 (74.1%) out of 544 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 62 PFI. In the pale chub, Zacco platypus, the prevalence of MsMc was 98.6%, and their infection intensity was 144 PFI. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were detected in 171 (38.9%) out of 440 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 1,844 PFI. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were found in 94 (19.6%) out of 479 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 3 PFI. Metorchis orientalis metacercariae were detected in 43 (29.3%) out of 147 fish of positive species, and their infection intensity was 4 PFI. By the present study, it has been confirmed that some species of ZTM, including CsMc and MsMc, are prevalent in fishes from the irrigation canal of Togyo-jeosuji in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea.
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Wang, Xianewei, Zhaoliang Wang, Qing He, and Xiulian Li. "The Necessary Parameters Calculation for CSMC Mechanical Analysis." Manufacturing Technology 19, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 1088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/422.2019/a/1213-2489/mt/19/6/1088.

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Hao, Qiangwang, Yu Wu, Dapeng Yin, Yi Shi, Muhammad Talib Hussain, and Aihua Xu. "Design and Analysis of CFETR CSMC Cooling Loop." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 46, no. 6 (June 2018): 2242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2018.2832056.

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Wang, Weijun, Min Yu, Jinggang Qin, Jian Song, Tong Li, Houxiang Han, Yu Wu, and Jiangang Li. "Heat Treatment for Nb3Sn Coils of CFETR CSMC." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 33, no. 9 (May 15, 2020): 2663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05526-x.

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38

Diez-Canseco, Francisco, Jefferson Rojas-Vargas, Mauricio Toyama, María Mendoza, Victoria Cavero, Humberto Maldonado, July Caballero, and Yuri Cutipé. "Estudio cualitativo sobre la implementación del Programa de continuidad de cuidados y rehabilitación para personas con trastornos mentales graves en el Perú." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 44 (December 14, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.134.

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Objetivo. Describir la implementación del Programa de continuidad de cuidados y rehabilitación (PCC-R) en centros de salud mental comunitaria (CSMC) del Perú. Métodos. Estudio cualitativo sobre la implementación del PCC-R en cuatro CSMC de Lima y La Libertad, Perú. Se realizaron 42 entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y un grupo focal con cinco participantes, para un total de 47 informantes entre usuarios, familiares y profesionales vinculados al diseño, la implementación y el monitoreo del PCC-R. Resultados. El PCC-R es un programa central de los servicios de salud mental comunitaria en Perú, goza de amplia aceptación y los prestadores y usuarios refieren estar satisfechos con sus resultados. Sin embargo, el programa carece de un documento normativo que detalle sus objetivos, organización y actividades, lo que explicaría la variabilidad en su aplicación. Existen limitaciones en la gestión de recursos financieros y humanos del PCC-R y necesidades de capacitación y supervisión, que deben ser mejoradas. Existe consenso sobre la necesidad, la utilidad y la viabilidad de desarrollar un sistema de monitoreo del PCC-R. Se recogen buenas prácticas y sugerencias para enfrentar estos retos. Conclusiones. El PCC-R es un programa insignia de los CSMC y de la reforma de la salud mental en Perú, y ha logrado amplia aceptación entre los prestadores y usuarios. Su implementación combina aciertos y dificultades, y revela tareas pendientes como desarrollar un documento normativo, mejorar la gestión de recursos, fortalecer la capacitación y acompañamiento, y aplicar un sistema de monitoreo para favorecer la mejora continua del programa.
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Hamoudi, Ahmed Khalaf, and Noora Off Abdul Rahman. "Design an Integral Sliding Mode Controller for a Nonlinear System." Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2017.09.003.

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The goal of this paper is to design a robust controller for controlling a pendulum system. The control of nonlinear systems is a common problem that is facing the researchers in control systems design. The Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is the best solution for controlling a nonlinear system. The classical SMC consists from two phases. The first phase is the reaching phase and the second is the sliding phase. The SMC suffers from the chattering phenomenon which is considered as a severe problem and undesirable property. It is a zigzag motion along the switching surface. In this paper, the chattering is reduced by using a saturation function instead of sign function. In spite of SMC is a good method for controlling a nonlinear system but it still suffers from long settling time which is considered as undesired property. The Integral Sliding Mode controller (ISMC) can be used to reduce the settling time. Also, the ISMC is a good method for controlling a nonlinear systems. ISMC is simple, has a high performance and can be considered as an effective and powerful technique. In ISMC method, the reaching phaseis eliminated which considered a main part in designing classical SMC. The important property of the ISMC as well as the Classical Sliding Mode Controller (CSMC),is the ability to make the systems asymptotically stable. The pendulum system was used for testing the CSMC and ISMC. The results obtained from the simulation showed the advantages of using the ISMC when comparied with the CSMC. Finally, MATLAB software package was adopted in this paper.
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Pinheiro, Simone Wanderley, Adilha Misson de Oliveira Rua, Renata Margarida Etchebehere, Cristiane Gobbo Cançado, Javier Emílio Lazo Chica, Edison Reis Lopes, and Sheila Jorge Adad. "Morphometric study of the fibrosis and mast cell count in the circular colon musculature of chronic Chagas patients with and without megacolon." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 36, no. 4 (July 2003): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822003000400005.

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A morphometric study of the circular colon musculature was performed, in which the mast cell count was determined and the connective fibrous tissue in this layer was measured. The objective was to gain better understanding of Chagas megacolon morphology and contribute towards the knowledge of fibrosis pathogenesis in Chagas megas. An evaluation was made of 15 distal sigmoid rings from Chagas patients with megacolon (MCC), 15 without megacolon (CSMC) and 15 non-Chagas patients (NC). The rings were fixed in formol, embedded in paraffin, and 7mm thick sections were cut and stained using Azan-Heidenhain and Giemsa. The mast cell count and fibrosis were greater in the MCC group than in the CSMC and NC groups (p < 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test) and there was no significant difference between the latter two. The fibrosis and increased mast cell count in the colon musculature of the MCC group possibly indicates that there is a relationship between mastocytosis and fibrosis, as has already been demonstrated in other pathologies.
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Vincent, Martine, Claire Gagné, and Jocelyne Thérien. "Traitement concomitant de la psychose et de la toxicomanie." Santé mentale au Québec 26, no. 2 (February 12, 2007): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014527ar.

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Résumé La prévalence élevée de problèmes de toxicomanie chez les psychotiques et le peu de ressources répondant à leur réalité complexe ont conduit une équipe multidisciplinaire du Centre de santé mentale communautaire (CSMC) de l'Hôpital Saint-Luc à mettre sur pied un groupe permettant des interventions sur la toxicomanie et la psychose de façon concomitante. Suite à la présentation brève de la problématique et des modèles d'intervention prônés dans la littérature, cet article vise à résumer l'expérience de l'équipe du CSMC et leur stratégie afin de répondre aux besoins de ces patients. Ainsi, cet article présente les raisons des modifications apportées au cours des années, la pertinence de l'approche motivationnelle auprès de ces patients souvent peu motivés à changer leurs comportements toxicomaniaques et les forces et les limites de cette approche. Les objectifs du groupe de thérapie, le cadre instauré, le contenu et la clientèle visée sont ensuite abordés. Nous terminons cet article par les perspectives d'avenir.
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Song, Jian, Yu Wu, Jinggang Qin, Min Yu, Weijun Wang, and Houxiang Han. "The CFETR CSMC Nb3Sn Coil Heat Treatment Process Research." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 30, no. 4 (June 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2020.2969609.

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Jin, Huan, Yu Wu, Feng Long, Qi-Yang Han, Min Yu, Jin-gang Qin, Fang Liu, and Bo-wei Tao. "Mechanical Properties of Preliminary Designed Insulation for CFETR CSMC." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 26, no. 4 (June 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2016.2518490.

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Li, Tong, Huajun Liu, Yu Wu, Weijun Wang, and Fangyi Li. "Control and Diagnostic System for CFETR CSMC Testing Platform." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 48, no. 6 (June 2020): 1789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2019.2946193.

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Zhong, Liren, Wei Ding, Qingyu Zeng, Binglin He, Haibo Zhang, Li Wang, Junhong Fan, Shuhua He, Yuanyuan Zhang, and Anyang Wei. "Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Attenuates Erectile Dysfunction in Rats with Hyperlipidemia." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (March 7, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7286958.

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Hyperlipidemia is considered one of the most important risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED). To determine the effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) as an antioxidant agent on ED in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hyperlipidemia in rats and to investigate if STS administration could improve erectile function via hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production by inhibition of oxidative stress. Hyperlipidemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding HFD for 16 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, HFD, and HFD treated with STS (10 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks, intraperitoneal injection). Erectile function including intracavernosal pressure (ICP), H2S production, and antioxidant capacity was assessed. In addition, cavernosal smooth muscle cells (CSMC) isolated from SD rats were pretreated with STS in vitro and exposed to H2O2. Expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), activity of antioxidant enzymes, and H2S-generating enzymes within CSMC were examined. ICP was significantly decreased in HFD rats compared with control. In addition, decreased H2S production and expression of cystathionine ɣ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) associated with increased oxidative stress were observed in the penile tissue of HFD rats. However, all these changes were reversed by 16 weeks after STS administration. STS also increased antioxidant defense as evidenced by increased expression of Nrf2/HO-1 in the penile tissue of HFD rats. In CSMC, pretreatment with STS attenuated the decreased expression of CSE and CBS and H2S production by H2O2. STS exerted similar protective antioxidative effect as shown in the in vivo hyperlipidemia model. The present study demonstrated the redox effect of STS treatment on ED via increased H2S production in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia rat model by increased antioxidant capacity via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which provides STS potential clinical application in the treatment of hyperlipidemia-related ED.
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Tu'ma, Dena Hameed, and Ahmed Khalaf Hamoudi. "Performance of 2- Link Robot by utilizing Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.12.03.

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The Sliding Mode Control (SMC) has been among powerful control techniques increasingly. Much attention is paid to both theoretical and practical aspects of disciplines due to their distinctive characteristics such as insensitivity to bounded matched uncertainties, reduction of the order of sliding equations of motion, decoupling mechanical systems design. In the current study, two-link robot performance in the Classical SMC is enhanced via Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller (ASMC) despite uncertainty, external disturbance, and coulomb friction. The key idea is abstracted as follows: switching gains are depressed to the low allowable values, resulting in decreased chattering motion and control's efforts of the two-link robot system. Un-known uncertainty bounded and reducing switching gains can be considered major advantages of ASMC leading to outperform ASMC upon CSMC. Simulink MATLAB 2019a was used to obtain the simulation outcomes. The outcomes have shown that both methodologies had good tracking performance to the desired position and made the system asymptotically stable through the steady-state errors investigate approaching zero. ASMC is better than CSMC illustrated by minimizing gains values, control efforts, and chattering for each link.
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47

Xu, Sendren Sheng-Dong. "Super-Twisting-Algorithm-Based Terminal Sliding Mode Control for a Bioreactor System." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/495680.

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This study proposes a class of super-twisting-algorithm-based (STA-based) terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) for a bioreactor system with second-order type dynamics. TSMC not only can retain the advantages of conventional sliding mode control (CSMC), including easy implementation, robustness to disturbances, and fast response, but also can make the system states converge to the equivalent point in a finite amount of time after the system states intersect the sliding surface. The chattering phenomena in TSMC will originally exist on the sliding surface after the system states achieve the sliding surface and before the system states reach the equivalent point. However, by using the super twisting algorithm (STA), the chattering phenomena can be obviously reduced. The proposed method is also compared with two other methods: (1) CSMC without STA and (2) TSMC without STA. Finally, the control schemes are applied to the control of a bioreactor system to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability. Simulation results show that it can achieve better performance by using the proposed method.
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48

Parida, Shubhranshu Mohan, Pravat Kumar Rout, and Sanjeeb Kumar Kar. "An auxiliary control aided modified sliding mode control for a PMSG based wind energy conversion system." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-11-2018-0397.

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Purpose This study proposes a modified sliding mode control technique having a proportional plus integral (PI) sliding surface aided by auxiliary control applied to a wind turbine driven permanent magnet synchronous generator. This paper aims to realize real and reactive power control, keeping the voltage under the desired limit during transients. Design/methodology/approach First, a PI sliding surface type sliding mode control (PISMC) is formulated, which is capable of dragging the system to the desired state and stability. Then a saturation function-based auxiliary controller is incorporated with PISMC to enhance its performance during wind speed and system parameter variations. Findings The proposed controller can tackle the problems faced while using a PI controller and the conventional sliding mode controller (CSMC) such as lack of robustness and requirement of unnecessary large control signals to overcome the parametric uncertainties and problem of chattering. Originality/value To justify the superior performance of the proposed controller in terms of robustness, reliability and accuracy a comparative study is done with the CSMC and PI controllers. The simulations are performed using MATLAB.
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49

Tohma, Dina H., and Ahmed K. Hamoudi. "Design of Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller for Uncertain Pendulum System." Engineering and Technology Journal 39, no. 3A (March 25, 2021): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i3a.1546.

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This work aims to study and apply the adaptive sliding mode controller (ASMC) for the pendulum system with the existence of the parameters uncertainty, external disturbances, and coulomb friction. The adaptive sliding mode controller has several features over the conventional sliding mode control method. Firstly, the magnitude of the control signal is reduced to the minimally acceptable level defined by special conditions concerned with ASMC algorithm. Secondly, the upper bounds of uncertainties are not necessary to be defined before starting the work. For this reason, the ASMC can be used successfully to control the pendulum system with minimum control effort. These properties of the ASMC are confirming graphically by the simulation results using MATLAB 2019. The ASMC achieves an asymptotically stable system better than the Classical Sliding Mode Controller (CSMC). The unwanted phenomenon is called “chattering", which is appearing in the control action signal. These drawback properties are suppressed by employing a saturation function. Finally, the comparison between the results of the ASMC and CSMC showed that ASMC is the better one.
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SAVOLDI, L., R. ZANINO, and P. MICHAEL. "TESTS AND SIMULATION OF THERMAL-HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS IN THE US PROTOTYPE JOINT SAMPLE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2000): 3183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200003514.

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A limited set of data measured on the US Prototype (USP) joint sample is used to assess the capability of the Mithrandir code to simulate heat-slug transients among the complex assembly of joint components. The Multi-conductor Mithrandir (M&M) code is then applied to simulate heat exchange in a joint of the Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) inner module.
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