Academic literature on the topic 'CSP Plant Performance Transient Simulation'
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Journal articles on the topic "CSP Plant Performance Transient Simulation"
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Liang, Xiufan, and Yiguo Li. "Transient Analysis and Execution-Level Power Tracking Control of the Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plant." Energies 12, no. 8 (2019): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081564.
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Concentrating solar power (CSP) is a promising technology for exploiting solar energy. A major advantage of CSP plants lies in their capability of integrating with thermal energy storage; hence, they can have a similar operability to that of fossil-fired power plants, i.e., their power output can be adjusted as required. For this reason, the power output of such CSP plants is generally scheduled to maximize the operating revenue by participating in electric markets, which can result in frequent changes in the power reference signal and introduces challenges to real-time power tracking. To address this issue, this paper systematically studies the execution-level power tracking control strategy of an CSP plant, primarily aiming at coordinating the control of the sluggish steam generator (including the economizer, the boiler, and the superheater) and the fast steam turbine. The governing equations of the key energy conversion processes in the CSP plant are first presented and used as the simulation platform. Then, the transient behavior of the CSP plant is analyzed to gain an insight into the system dynamic characteristics and control difficulties. Then, based on the step-response data, the transfer functions of the CSP plant are identified, which form the prediction model of the model predictive controller. Finally, two control strategies are studied through simulation experiments: (1) the heuristic PI control with two operation modes, which can be conveniently implemented but cannot coordinate the control of the power tracking speed and the main steam parameters, and (2) advanced model predictive control (MPC), which overcomes the shortcoming of PI (Proportional-Integral) control and can significantly improve the control performance.
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Somar Moaen Habib, Ahmed Hamed, Ahmed Yahia Youssef, Mahmoud Kassem, and Abdalla Hanafi. "Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of the Forward Feed MED-TVC Desalination Plant." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 92, no. 1 (2022): 190–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.92.1.190211.
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The sudden disturbances in the operating parameters of desalination plants are common, especially when these plants are integrated with concentrated solar power (CSP). These disturbances damage the plants over time and may lead to a complete shutdown. This paper aims to investigate the performance of a forward feed multi-effect distillation plant with a thermal vapor compressor (FF-MED-TVC) which has a high potential for integration with concentrated solar power (CSP). However, the fluctuation and instability of solar energy require the development of dynamic model for the MED process to analyze the transient behavior. Few papers were published in the transient state, especially the forward feed (FF) configuration, as most of the papers focused on the parallel feed (PF) and parallel cross feed (PCF) configuration. Accordingly, a mathematical model has been developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software and validated against data reported from two previous models in the literature, where a perfect agreement was obtained. Then the proposed model was employed to predict the system's response to the most important parameters that may change suddenly in the real operating environment, such as the variation in the motive steam pressure, feed seawater mass flow rate, and temperature. For the same percentage (10%) of these three disturbances, the results indicated that the needed time to return to 95 % of steady state is the longest in the case of increasing the seawater mass flow rate (about 350 seconds after the turbulence is removed), while it is the shortest in the case of increasing the pressure of motive steam (about 50 seconds after the turbulence is removed). In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the transient performance was performed and a clearer view of the dynamic response was given which enables to optimize the control strategy and improve the stability.
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Gonzalez Gonzalez, Adrian, J. Valeriano Alvarez Cabal, Vicente Rodríguez Montequin, Joaquín Villanueva Balsera, and Rogelio Peón Menéndez. "CSP Quasi-Dynamic Performance Model Development for All Project Life Cycle Stages and Considering Operation Modes. Validation Using One Year Data." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010014.
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The energy production of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants not only depends on their design, but also of the weather conditions and the way they are operated. A performance model (PM) of a CSP plant is an essential tool to determine production costs, to optimize design and also to supervise the operation of the plant. The challenge is developing a PM that is both easy enough to be useful during the earlier stages of the project, and also useful for supervision of plant operation. This requires one to be able to describe the step between the different modes of operation and to fit the response to transient meteorological phenomena, not so relevant in terms of aggregate values, but crucial for the supervision. The quasi-dynamic performance model (QD-PM) can predict the net energy exported to the grid, as well as all the key operational variables. The QD-PM was implemented using Matlab-Simulink of Mathwoks (MA, USA) with a modular structure. Each module is developed using specific software and a state machine is used to simulate the sequence between the operation modes. The validation of the PM is made using one complete year of commercial operation of a 50 MWe CSP plant situated in Spain. The comparison between the actual data and the results of the model shows an excellent fit, being especially noteworthy as follows the transients between the different CSP operation modes. Then, QD-PM provides an accuracy better than the usual PM, and, almost, as good as that of a fully dynamic model but with a shorter simulation time. But, the main advantage of the QD-PM is that it can be use not only in the feasibility and design stages, but it can be used to supervise the operation of the plant.
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Gonzalez Gonzalez, Adrian, Jose Valeriano Alvarez Cabal, Miguel Angel Vigil Berrocal, Rogelio Peón Menéndez, and Adrian Riesgo Fernández. "Simulation of a CSP Solar Steam Generator, Using Machine Learning." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123613.
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Developing an accurate concentrated solar power (CSP) performance model requires significant effort and time. The power block (PB) is the most complex system, and its modeling is clearly the most complicated and time-demanding part. Nonetheless, PB layouts are quite similar throughout CSP plants, meaning that there are enough historical process data available from commercial plants to use machine learning techniques. These algorithms allowed the development of a very accurate black-box PB model in a very short amount of time. This PB model could be easily integrated as a block into the PM. The machine learning technique selected was SVR (support vector regression). The PB model was trained using a complete year of data from a commercial CSP plant situated in southern Spain. With a very limited set of inputs, the PB model results were very accurate, according to their validation against a new complete year of data. The model not only fit well on an aggregate basis, but also in the transients between operation modes. To validate applicability, the same model methodology is used with a data from a very different CSP Plant, located in the MENA region and with more than double nominal electric power, obtaining an excellent fitting in the validation.
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Starke, A. R., L. F. L. Lemos, S. Colle, R. F. Reinaldo, J. M. Cardemil, and R. Escobar. "A METHODOLOGY FOR SIMULATION AND ASSESSMENT OF CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PLANTS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 15, no. 1 (2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v15i1.62162.
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A thermal analysis of Concentrated Solar Power plants is conducted considering parabolic trough collectors (PTC), linear Fresnel collectors using direct steam generation scheme (LFC-DSG) and central receiver system using both molten nitrate salts (CRS-MNS) direct steam generation (CRS-DSG). The plant capacities were ranged from 50 to 800 MWth and the analysis focuses on the environmental conditions of selected locations in South America. Thus, the study considers a parametric analysis of the main design parameter for different plant scales, in terms of the thermal performance indicators as solar field aperture area, power block rating capacity and plant annual efficiencies. The annual production of the plants is calculated by using the Transient System Simulation program (TRNSYS), which considers a new component library developed for that purpose. This library is based in the open access models developed by the U.S National Renewable Energy Laboratory and currently employed by the System Advisor Model (SAM) program. In addition, a new fluid properties subroutine compatible with TRNSYS codes standards was developed, which uses the freeware CoolProp library. These approaches allowed to modify and create new configurations for CSP plants, e.g. thermal storage for the DSG scheme.
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Bezerra, Pedro Henrique Silva. "PREVISÃO DE PERFORMANCE ENERGÉTICA POR MEIO DE SIMULAÇÃO TRANSIENTE DE UM SISTEMA CSP COM TORRE CENTRAL INTEGRADO A ATIVIDADES AGROINDUSTRIAIS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 33, no. 3 (2018): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2018v33n3p255-260.
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Para demonstrar o funcionamento da tecnologia CSP, é de fundamental importância a simulação dos processos por meio de ferramentas computacionais, que permitem a previsão do desempenho energético. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi obter o desempenho energético de uma usina CSP com receptor central, com capacidade instalada de 70kWel, integrado a sistemas agroindustriais em São Paulo. A pesquisa se baseou na criação de um modelo de sistema CSP, para geração de eletricidade, acoplados a um Matadouro e Laticínio. As análises foram realizadas com do uso da ferramenta computacional TRNSYS. Os resultados prévios oriundos das simulações foram em resposta à irradiação solar. Nas melhores épocas do ano em que a radiação é mais frequente e intensa, foi-se registrado valores acima de 1000 W/m², sendo que durante o ano, o valor integral obtido foi 1.957,73 kW/m²/ano. Os valores de eficiência óptica obtidos alcançaram a ordem de 45%. A eficiência média de conversão do calor proveniente do sol em eletricidade do ciclo foi 18%. Durante o dia, a potência líquida da turbina foi de aproximadamente 30 kWe, sendo que o valor de geração anual integrado foi na ordem de 108.618 kWh/ano. Ao aplicar os valores de geração obtidos no perfil do consumo do Laticínio, os resultados apontaram que em um dia de geração, considerável bom com 10 horas de irradiação, a planta supriria 60% da demanda energética. O sistema pode ser analisado como uma alternativa de eficiência energética com aplicação da resolução ANEEL 482/2012.Palavras-chave: Energia Solar Concentrada; sistema CSP com torre central; desempenho energético. ENERGY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION BY TRANSIENT SIMULATION OF A CSP SYSTEM WITH CENTRAL TOWER INTEGRATED TO AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES ABSTRACT: To demonstrate the operation of CSP technology is fundamental to simulate the processes by computational tools, which allow prediction of energy performance. The objective of this research was obtain the energy performance of CSP plant with central receiver, with installed capacity of 70kWel, integrated an agribusiness systems in São Paulo. The research was based on the creation of a model of CSP system, for electricity generation, coupled to a Slaughterhouse and Dairy. The analyzes were performed with the use of the computational tool TRNSYS. The previous results from the simulations were in response to solar irradiation. In the best times of the year when radiation is more frequent and intense, values above 1000 W / m² were recorded, and during the year the total value obtained was 1.957.73 kW / m² / year. The average efficiency heat conversion from the sun into electricity cycle was 18%. During the day, the net power of the turbine was approximately 30 kWe, and the integrated annual generation value was in the order of 108,618 kWh / year. By applying the generation of values obtained in Dairy consumption profile, the results showed that a day generation, with considerable good 10 hours of irradiation, the plant would supply 60% of the energy demand. The system can be analyzed as an alternative energy solution with the application of ANEEL resolution 482/2012.KEYWORDS: Concentrated Solar Power; CSP system with central tower; performance.
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Bezerra, Pedro Henrique Silva, Odivaldo José Seraphim, and Celso Eduardo Lins De Oliveira. "PREVISÃO DE PERFORMANCE ENERGÉTICA POR MEIO DE SIMULAÇÃO TRANSIENTE DE UM SISTEMA CSP COM TORRE CENTRAL INTEGRADO A ATIVIDADES AGROINDUSTRIAIS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 33, no. 3 (2018): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2018v33n3p264-269.
Full textAbstract:
Para demonstrar o funcionamento da tecnologia CSP, é de fundamental importância a simulação dos processos por meio de ferramentas computacionais, que permitem a previsão do desempenho energético. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi obter o desempenho energético de uma usina CSP com receptor central, com capacidade instalada de 70kWel, integrado a sistemas agroindustriais em São Paulo. A pesquisa se baseou na criação de um modelo de sistema CSP, para geração de eletricidade, acoplados a um Matadouro e Laticínio. As análises foram realizadas com do uso da ferramenta computacional TRNSYS. Os resultados prévios oriundos das simulações foram em resposta à irradiação solar. Nas melhores épocas do ano em que a radiação é mais frequente e intensa, foi-se registrado valores acima de 1000 W/m², sendo que durante o ano, o valor integral obtido foi 1.957,73 kW/m²/ano. Os valores de eficiência óptica obtidos alcançaram a ordem de 45%. A eficiência média de conversão do calor proveniente do sol em eletricidade do ciclo foi 18%. Durante o dia, a potência líquida da turbina foi de aproximadamente 30 kWe, sendo que o valor de geração anual integrado foi na ordem de 108.618 kWh/ano. Ao aplicar os valores de geração obtidos no perfil do consumo do Laticínio, os resultados apontaram que em um dia de geração, considerável bom com 10 horas de irradiação, a planta supriria 60% da demanda energética. O sistema pode ser analisado como uma alternativa de eficiência energética com aplicação da resolução ANEEL 482/2012.
 Palavras-chave: Energia Solar Concentrada; sistema CSP com torre central; desempenho energético.
 
 ENERGY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION BY TRANSIENT SIMULATION OF A CSP SYSTEM WITH CENTRAL TOWER INTEGRATED TO AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
 
 ABSTRACT: To demonstrate the operation of CSP technology is fundamental to simulate the processes by computational tools, which allow prediction of energy performance. The objective of this research was obtain the energy performance of CSP plant with central receiver, with installed capacity of 70kWel, integrated an agribusiness systems in São Paulo. The research was based on the creation of a model of CSP system, for electricity generation, coupled to a Slaughterhouse and Dairy. The analyzes were performed with the use of the computational tool TRNSYS. The previous results from the simulations were in response to solar irradiation. In the best times of the year when radiation is more frequent and intense, values above 1000 W / m² were recorded, and during the year the total value obtained was 1.957.73 kW / m² / year. The average efficiency heat conversion from the sun into electricity cycle was 18%. During the day, the net power of the turbine was approximately 30 kWe, and the integrated annual generation value was in the order of 108,618 kWh / year. By applying the generation of values obtained in Dairy consumption profile, the results showed that a day generation, with considerable good 10 hours of irradiation, the plant would supply 60% of the energy demand. The system can be analyzed as an alternative energy solution with the application of ANEEL resolution 482/2012.
 KEYWORDS: Concentrated Solar Power; CSP system with central tower; performance.
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Eller, Tim, Florian Heberle, and Dieter Brüggemann. "Transient Simulation of Geothermal Combined Heat and Power Generation for a Resilient Energetic and Economic Evaluation." Energies 12, no. 5 (2019): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050894.
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Geothermal power plants based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) are used to convert the thermal power of brine into electricity. The efficiency and profitability of these power plants can be increased by an additional heat supply. The purpose of this study is to evaluate different combined heat and power (CHP) concepts for geothermal applications by thermodynamic and economic considerations. Therefore, a dynamic simulation model of a double-stage ORC is developed to perform annual return simulations. The transient ORC model is validated in a wide range by operational data of an existing power plant in the German Molasse Basin. A district heating system is considered and the corresponding heat load profiles are derived from a real geothermal driven heating network. For CHP, parallel and combined configurations are considered. The validation of the transient model is satisfying with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the simulation and real power plant data. The results show that additional heat extraction leads to a higher exergetic efficiency and a higher profitability. The exergetic efficiency and the profitability are increased by up to 7.9% and 16.1%, respectively. The combined concept shows a slightly better performance than the parallel configuration. The efficiency can be increased by up to 1.3%. In economic terms, for CHP the annual return can be increased by at least 2,500,000 €. In principle, the dynamic model shows reliable results for high power gradients. This enables an investigation of geothermal ORC models for the reserve market in future works.
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Brumana, Giovanni, Elisa Ghirardi, and Giuseppe Franchini. "Comparison of Different Power Generation Mixes for High Penetration of Renewables." Sustainability 16, no. 19 (2024): 8435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16198435.
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Growing environmental concerns have driven the installation of renewable systems. Meanwhile, the continuous decline in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), alongside the decreasing cost of photovoltaics (PVs), is compelling the power sector to accurately forecast the performance of energy plants to maximize plant profitability. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and optimization of a hybrid power generation system for a remote community in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with a 10 MW peak power demand. The goal is to achieve 90 percent of annual load coverage from renewable energy. This study introduces a novel comparison between three different configurations: (i) concentrated solar power (parabolic troughs + thermal energy storage + steam Rankine cycle); (ii) fully electric (PVs + wind + batteries); and (iii) an energy mix that combines both solutions. The research demonstrates that the hybrid mix achieves the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE) at 0.1364 USD/kWh through the use of advanced transient simulation and load-following control strategies. The single-technology solutions were found to be oversized, resulting in higher costs and overproduction. This paper also explores a reduction in the economic scenario and provides insights into cost-effective renewable systems for isolated communities. The new minimum cost of 0.1153 USD/kWh underscores the importance of integrating CSP and PV technologies to meet the very stringent conditions of high renewable penetration and improved grid stability.
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Artsiomenka, K. I. "Structural-and-Parametric Optimization of Automatic Control System for Power Units of 300 MW in Wide Range of Load Variations." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 5 (2019): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-5-469-481.
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The structural-parametric optimization of the automatic control system for power units (ACSPU) of 300 MW of Lukoml’skaya GRES (Lukoml Local Condensing Power Plant) in the mode of both the permanent and the variable superheated steam pressure upstream of the turbine is under consideration. During 1974–1979, eight units of the Lukoml’skaya GRES implemented the ACSPU with a leading boiler power control. At the moment, these systems no longer meet all the frequency control quality requirements. In 2016, the daily schedule of electric loads of the Belarusian power system was as follows: the basic part of the schedule of electric loads was covered by combined heat and power plants (CHP) and by mini-CHP (which are the least maneuverable of the power plants), the semi-peak part of it–by local condensing power plants (Lukoml’skaya GRES and Berezovskaya GRES), the peak part–by import electric energy from neighboring power systems. However, this year the first unit of the Belorussian NPP will be put into operation, while the second one–in 2020. After the launch of the Belorussian NPP, it will cover basic part of load curve; CPPs will cover the semi-peak part, while the peak part of load curve will be covered by local condensing power plants. Correspondingly, due to the alteration of the structure of daily schedule of electric loads of the Belarusian power system, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of power units of Lukoml’skaya GRES as well as of the entire Lukoml’skaya GRES in general. This can be achieved with the help of the method of parametric optimization of the typical ACSPU proposed in the present paper. As a result, the quality of control of power and pressure upstream of the turbine will be improved; the flow of fuel will be reduced, as well as the turbine regulation valve displacement; environmental performance of entire power plant will be improved, too. The proposed technique has been confirmed by the results of computer simulation of transient processes in the automatic control system under external and internal disturbances.
Book chapters on the topic "CSP Plant Performance Transient Simulation"
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Canhan, Diego Carrião, Leandro Castilho Brolin, and Flávio Luiz Rossini. "Design, simulation and analysis of challenges of parametric estimation algorithms applied to adaptive control by reference model." In DEVELOPMENT AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/devopinterscie-247.
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This article performed the design, simulation, and performance analysis between two parametric estimation algorithms, the Gradient Method (MG) and the Recursive Least Squares Method (MMQR), both applied to the Adaptive Control by Reference Model (CAMR) system. The study of design techniques and control analysis, as well as the comparison of the methods presented here, enhance the ability of the designer to deal with practical problems effectively. The main contribution of the article was to apply and clarify the advantages of the methods presented. Thus, the specific objectives were: identify the plant to be controlled; discretize the plant; discretize the plan (iii) build the control law; implement the identification algorithm; and analyze and analyze the simulated results. From numerical simulations, we analyzed the performance of each algorithm and its respective advantages, advantages, and limitations. The MMQR has an excellent transient regime, but its computational cost was high. The MG has the slowest accommodation time and has low computational demand when compared to the MMQR. By taking into account the characteristics of each algorithm and having prior knowledge about the plant you want to control, such previous information helps you choose the algorithm, thus enhancing the better performance of the control system.
Conference papers on the topic "CSP Plant Performance Transient Simulation"
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Wagner, Michael J., Sanford A. Klein, and Douglas T. Reindl. "Simulation of Utility-Scale Central Receiver System Power Plants." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90132.
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The operation of solar energy systems is necessarily transient. Over the lifetime of a concentrating solar power plant, the system operates at design conditions only occasionally, with the bulk of operation occurring under part-load conditions depending on solar resource availability. Credible economic analyses of solar-electric systems requires versatile models capable of predicting system performance at both design and off-design conditions. This paper introduces new and adapted simulation tools for power tower systems including models for the heliostat field, central receiver, and the power cycle. The design process for solar power tower systems differs from that for other concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies such as the parabolic trough or parabolic dish systems that are nearly modular in their design. The design of an optimum power tower system requires a determination of the heliostat field layout and receiver geometry that results in the greatest long-term energy collection per unit cost. Research presented in this paper makes use of the DELSOL3 code (Kistler, 1986) which provides this capability. An interface program called PTGEN was developed to simplify the combined use of DELSOL3 and TRNSYS. The final product integrates the optimization tool with the detailed component models to provide a comprehensive modeling tool set for the power tower technology.
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Tucker, Swatara, Simone Maccarini, Luca Mantelli, and Alberto Traverso. "Dynamic Performance and Control Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Recuperated Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-129162.
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Abstract Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles represent a promising technology for driving the energy transition. In fact, various research projects around the world are currently studying the possible applications of this technology, which is characterized by high efficiency, competitive costs, compact machinery and enhanced flexibility with respect to competing systems, such as steam-based power cycles. Within this context, the EU-funded SOLARSCO2OL project aims to build a MW-scale sCO2 pilot facility coupled with a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant. A transient model of the demonstration plant was previously developed in the TRANSEO simulation tool by the Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) of University of Genoa to study the operational envelope of the cycle. In the present work, the model is upgraded to take into account all the relevant fluid-dynamic and thermodynamic phenomena affecting the transient behaviour of the plant. In particular, a detailed crossflow sCO2-air cooler model is now included, which is crucial for assessing the compressor inlet temperature behaviour and controllability. The system has to comply with several constraints, such as compressor surge margin, turbomachinery inlet temperatures, and compressor inlet pressure. The desired net power output should also be guaranteed. The dynamic responses of the system to step variations in various input variables were recorded and used to design and tune the main operational controls. The input variables considered include: 1) compressor rotational speed, 2) anti-surge valve fractional opening, 3) mass flow rate of air through the cooler, 4) mass flow rate of the molten salts through the heater, and 5) CO2 inventory for injection and extraction of working fluid. The implemented control structure includes proportionalintegral-derivative controllers (PIDs), feedforward action, and their combinations. The controllers are tuned using a mix of established methods, such as Cohen-Coon response-based PID tuning and adjustments from feedforward controls. The feedforward controls were designed taking into account the steady-state values from off-design simulations, as well as the interactions between each controller and the other controlled variables. The final control setup is tested on various power ramps to assess the capability of the prototype cycle in load following and disturbance rejection, showing very good performance in set-point tracking.
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Wang, Peng, Gang Chen, and WenFu Li. "Improvement in the Rapid Startup Performance for the Solar Steam Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75174.
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In the latest several years, concentrated solar plants (CSP) have been rapidly developed. Steam turbines employed in these plants are subjected to daily start up and continuous load variations. There is a general increase in demand for operation flexibility and rapid start up capability for solar steam turbines. Accordingly, how to decrease the low cyclic fatigue life consumption during the daily start up process is a hot researched topic at present, and this greatly depends on the transient thermal stress. A number of studies show that the startup schemes and the unit’s structural form decide the LCF life consumption directly. In this paper, a 50MW double cylinder (HP and ILP Section) reheat solar steam turbine is studied, and it is operated continuously with inlet steam conditions of 540[°C], 140[bar], reheat steam conditions of 540[°C], 24[bar] and exhaust conditions of 41.5[°C], 0.08[bar]. A number of comparisons are made with the FEM numerical simulation, and some optimal designs which are applied to improve the rapid start up performance and decrease the LCF life consumption during the startup are presented.
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Hakkarainen, Elina, Matti Tähtinen, and Hannu Mikkonen. "Dynamic Model Development of Linear Fresnel Solar Field." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49347.
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As a dispatchable clean energy source, concentrated solar power (CSP) can be one of the key technologies to overcome many problems related to fossil fuel consumption and electricity balancing problems. Solar is a variable location, time and weather dependent source of energy, which sets challenges to solar field operations. With proper dynamic simulation tools it is possible to study dynamics of CSP field under changing weather conditions, find optimum control strategies, and plan and predict the performance of the field. CSP technology considered in this paper, linear Fresnel reflector (LFR), is a proven line focusing technology, having simpler design but suffering in optical performance compared to more mature parabolic trough (PT) technology. Apros dynamic simulation software is used to configure and simulate the solar field. Apros offers a possibility to dynamically simulate field behavior with varying collector configuration, field layout and control mode under varying irradiation conditions. The solar field applies recirculation (RC) as a control mode and direct steam generation (DSG) producing superheated steam. DSG sets challenges for the control scheme, which main objective is to maintain constant steam pressure and temperature at the solar field outlet under varying inlet water and energy conditions, while the steam mass flow can vary. The design and formulation of an entire linear Fresnel solar field in Apros is presented, as well as the obtained control scheme. The field includes user defined amount of collector modules, control system and two modules describing solar irradiation on the field. As two-phase water/steam flow is used, an accurate 6-equation model is used in Apros. Irradiation on the solar field under clear sky conditions is calculated according to time, position and Linke turbidity factor. Overcast conditions can be created by the clear sky index. For LFR single-axis sun tracking system is applied. In order to test the model functionality and to investigate the field behavior, thermal performance of the field was simulated at different dates at two different locations, and the results were compared. Similar field dimensions and control schemes were applied in each case, and simulations were done for full 24 hours in order to study the daily operations and ensure process stability. Control scheme functionality is evaluated based on the plant behavior in simulation cases having different operational conditions. The proper operability of the configured LFR model is evaluated. Obtained performance results show differences between locations and variation depending on season and time. The importance of a proper control system is revealed. The results show that the dynamic model development of a solar field is necessary in order to simulate plant behavior under varying irradiation conditions and to further develop optimal field control schemes and field optimizing process. The future work in the development of the LFR model presented will focus on dynamic response behavior development under transient conditions and field start-up and shut down procedure development.
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Chiantera, Luigi, Massimo Milani, Luca Montorsi, and Matteo Stefani. "Optimization of a Small Size CHP System by Means of a Fully Transient Numerical Approach." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3369.
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The paper investigates the performance of a combined heat and power system by means of a fully dynamic numerical approach. An ad-hoc library for the simulation of energy conversion systems is developed under the OpenModelica open source platform; the library includes the main components that usually equip a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system and they can be connected as they are logically connected in the real plant. Each component is modelled by means of equations and correlations that calculate their performance on a time dependent basis. Therefore, many configurations can be evaluated not only in terms of cumulative annual results or average performance, but the instantaneous behavior can be investigated. The numerical library is constructed using the lumped and distributed parameter approach and it is validated by comparing the numerical results with the measured values over a one-year time period. The prediction capabilities of the proposed numerical approach are evaluated by simulating a case study of a health spa. This case study is selected since it is characterized by significant requirements of both thermal and electric energy. The comparison demonstrated that the calculated results are in good agreement with the measurements in terms of both annual values and distribution over the reference period. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm is adopted and linked to the developed library in order to estimate the best size of different components of the CHP system according to a number of constraints. This feature is particularly important when addressing the energy efficiency of a complete system that is depending on a number of interdependent variables. Therefore, the case study is investigated by accounting also for additional technologies that can be further enhance the performance of the system both in terms of energy consumption and economic investment. In particular, the numerical model is used to optimized the CHP energy efficiency by estimating the best trade-off between the reduction of the energy purchased and the overall cost of the system. The application of PV panels and electric energy accumulators is also investigated and the simulation demonstrates that the size of the cogeneration unit equal to 48 kW, the number of PV panels of 299 and the battery capacity of 45 kWh provide the lowest amount of energy purchased, while the best return of investment is obtained by the CHP unit of 40 kW along with 109 PV panels and a battery of 40 kWh.
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Mitterhofer, Matthias, and Matthew Orosz. "Dynamic Simulation and Optimization of an Experimental Micro-CSP Power Plant." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49333.
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Small scale solar thermal systems are increasingly investigated in the context of decentralized energy supply, due to favorable costs of thermal energy storage (TES) in comparison with battery storage for otherwise economical PV generation. The present study provides the computational framework and results of a one year simulation of a low-cost pilot 3kWel micro-Concentrated Solar Power (micro-CSP) plant with TES. The modeling approach is based on a dynamic representation of the solar thermal loop and a steady state model of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and is validated to experimental data from a test site (Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, Florida). The simulation results predict an annual net electricity generation of 4.08 MWh/a. Based on the simulation, optimization studies focusing on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) converter of the system are presented, including a control strategy allowing for a variable pinch point in the condenser that offers an annual improvement of 14.0% in comparison to a constant condensation pinch point. Absolute electricity output is increased to 4.65 MWh/a. Improvements are due to better matching to expander performance and lower condenser fan power because of higher pinch points. A method, incorporating this control strategy, is developed to economically optimize the ORC components. The process allows for optimization of the ORC subsystem in an arbitrary environment, e.g. as part of a micro-grid to minimize Levelized electricity costs (LEC). The air-cooled condenser is identified as the driving component for the ORC optimization as its influence on overall costs and performance is of major significance. Application of the optimization process to various locations in Africa illustrates economic benefits of the system in comparison to diesel generation.
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Thanganadar, Dhinesh, Francesco Fornarelli, Sergio Camporeale, Faisal Asfand, and Kumar Patchigolla. "Recuperator Transient Simulation for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle in CSP Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14785.
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Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycles are considered to provide a faster response to load change owing to their compact footprint. sCO2 cycles are generally highly recuperative, therefore the response time is mainly dictated by the heat exchanger characteristics. This study model the transient behaviour of a recuperator in 10 MWe simple recuperative Brayton cycle. The response for the variation of inlet temperature and mass flow boundary conditions were investigated using two approaches based on temperature and enthalpy. The performance of these two approaches are compared and the numerical schemes were discussed along with the challenges encountered. The simulation results were validated against the experimental data available in the literature with a fair agreement. The characteristic time of the heat exchanger for a step change of the boundary conditions is reported that supports the recuperator design process. Compact recuperator responded in less than 20 seconds for the changes in the temperature boundary condition whilst it can take upto 1.5 minutes for mass flow change. In order to reduce the computational effort, a logarithmic indexed lookup table approach is presented, reducing the simulation time by a factor of 20.
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de Risi, Arturo, Marco Milanese, Mauro Lomascolo, Antonietta Taurino, and Isabella Farella. "Numerical Simulation of CSP Based on Nanorectenna Technology." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91363.
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Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are one of several renewable energy technologies with significant potential to meet a part of our future energy demand. By now, CSP systems are used to supply photovoltaic or thermal power plant, but results on nanorectennas suggest the possibility to use this technology for direct energy conversion of solar radiation into electricity. A rectenna is a rectifying antenna that can be used to directly convert wave energy into DC electricity. Experiences in microwave applications have shown energy conversion efficiency in the order of 85%, and recently empirical tests have demonstrated that this technology can be used up to the infrared wavelength. The present paper, together with first preliminary results on the fabrication of the rectifier (the key element of a rectenna) and its electrical behavior, proposes the numerical simulation of a new CSP system where a receiver, heated by concentrated solar radiation, reemits infrared energy on the nanorectenna, which converts the incoming energy into electricity. In this way the receiver plays the role of a sunlight radiation converter to infrared energy. The numerical simulation of the system consists of two steps. The first is a ray-tracing model to calculate the concentrator optical efficiency and the energy distribution on the focusing area of the parabolic mirror. The second step consists in the receiver temperature calculation as function of the incident solar radiation. The numerical procedure allows the calculation of the concentrator/receiver assembly performance which returns the energy incident on the nanorectenna as a function of external environmental conditions.
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Hirsch, Tobias, Markus Eck, Manuel J. Blanco, Michael Wagner, and Jan Fabian Feldhoff. "Standardization of CSP Performance Model Projection: Latest Results From the guiSmo Project." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54478.
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Electricity yield projection is one of the essential tasks related to concentrating solar thermal power plants. Currently, the project engineers and other stakeholders cannot refer to standardized methods for calculation of the annual electricity outcome of such plants. In autumn 2010, the first steps were taken to initiate an international project within SolarPACES Task I that targets the development of reliable methodologies for yield projection [1, 2]. More than 80 international participants from academia, industry, and finance agreed to work together within the guiSmo project (Guidelines for CSP performance modelling). Intended as an open project with publicly available results, CSP stakeholders are invited to join the team. Since initiation of the project, a coordination team and supervisory board have been founded. The challenging task is subdivided into ten “work packages” that cover all aspects of CSP project analysis — from elementary plant models to transient effects and financial evaluation approaches. This paper provides an overview of recent achievements and upcoming activities in the guiSmo project. The focus is on the definition of three quality levels for yield projection as they will be required during the various project development phases.
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Nithyanandam, Karthik, Ranga Pitchumani, and Anoop Mathur. "Analysis of a Latent Thermocline Energy Storage System for Concentrating Solar Power Plants." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91389.
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The primary purpose of a thermal energy storage system in a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant is to extend the operation of plant at times when energy from the sun is not adequate by dispatching its stored energy. Storing sun’s energy in the form of latent thermal energy of a phase change material (PCM) is desirable due to its high energy storage density which translates to less amount of salt required for a given storage capacity. The objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamic behavior of a packed bed encapsulated PCM energy storage subjected to partial charging and discharging cycles, and constraints on charge and discharge temperatures as encountered in a CSP plant operation. A transient, numerical analysis of a molten salt, single tank latent thermocline energy storage system (LTES) is performed for repeated charging and discharging cycles to investigate its dynamic response. The influence of the design configuration and operating parameters on the dynamic storage and delivery performance of the system is analyzed to identify configurations that lead to higher utilization. This study provides important guidelines for designing a storage tank with encapsulated PCM for a CSP plant operation.