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1
Liang, Xiufan, and Yiguo Li. "Transient Analysis and Execution-Level Power Tracking Control of the Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plant." Energies 12, no. 8 (2019): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081564.
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Concentrating solar power (CSP) is a promising technology for exploiting solar energy. A major advantage of CSP plants lies in their capability of integrating with thermal energy storage; hence, they can have a similar operability to that of fossil-fired power plants, i.e., their power output can be adjusted as required. For this reason, the power output of such CSP plants is generally scheduled to maximize the operating revenue by participating in electric markets, which can result in frequent changes in the power reference signal and introduces challenges to real-time power tracking. To address this issue, this paper systematically studies the execution-level power tracking control strategy of an CSP plant, primarily aiming at coordinating the control of the sluggish steam generator (including the economizer, the boiler, and the superheater) and the fast steam turbine. The governing equations of the key energy conversion processes in the CSP plant are first presented and used as the simulation platform. Then, the transient behavior of the CSP plant is analyzed to gain an insight into the system dynamic characteristics and control difficulties. Then, based on the step-response data, the transfer functions of the CSP plant are identified, which form the prediction model of the model predictive controller. Finally, two control strategies are studied through simulation experiments: (1) the heuristic PI control with two operation modes, which can be conveniently implemented but cannot coordinate the control of the power tracking speed and the main steam parameters, and (2) advanced model predictive control (MPC), which overcomes the shortcoming of PI (Proportional-Integral) control and can significantly improve the control performance.
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Somar Moaen Habib, Ahmed Hamed, Ahmed Yahia Youssef, Mahmoud Kassem, and Abdalla Hanafi. "Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of the Forward Feed MED-TVC Desalination Plant." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 92, no. 1 (2022): 190–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.92.1.190211.
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The sudden disturbances in the operating parameters of desalination plants are common, especially when these plants are integrated with concentrated solar power (CSP). These disturbances damage the plants over time and may lead to a complete shutdown. This paper aims to investigate the performance of a forward feed multi-effect distillation plant with a thermal vapor compressor (FF-MED-TVC) which has a high potential for integration with concentrated solar power (CSP). However, the fluctuation and instability of solar energy require the development of dynamic model for the MED process to analyze the transient behavior. Few papers were published in the transient state, especially the forward feed (FF) configuration, as most of the papers focused on the parallel feed (PF) and parallel cross feed (PCF) configuration. Accordingly, a mathematical model has been developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software and validated against data reported from two previous models in the literature, where a perfect agreement was obtained. Then the proposed model was employed to predict the system's response to the most important parameters that may change suddenly in the real operating environment, such as the variation in the motive steam pressure, feed seawater mass flow rate, and temperature. For the same percentage (10%) of these three disturbances, the results indicated that the needed time to return to 95 % of steady state is the longest in the case of increasing the seawater mass flow rate (about 350 seconds after the turbulence is removed), while it is the shortest in the case of increasing the pressure of motive steam (about 50 seconds after the turbulence is removed). In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the transient performance was performed and a clearer view of the dynamic response was given which enables to optimize the control strategy and improve the stability.
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Gonzalez Gonzalez, Adrian, J. Valeriano Alvarez Cabal, Vicente Rodríguez Montequin, Joaquín Villanueva Balsera, and Rogelio Peón Menéndez. "CSP Quasi-Dynamic Performance Model Development for All Project Life Cycle Stages and Considering Operation Modes. Validation Using One Year Data." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010014.
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The energy production of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants not only depends on their design, but also of the weather conditions and the way they are operated. A performance model (PM) of a CSP plant is an essential tool to determine production costs, to optimize design and also to supervise the operation of the plant. The challenge is developing a PM that is both easy enough to be useful during the earlier stages of the project, and also useful for supervision of plant operation. This requires one to be able to describe the step between the different modes of operation and to fit the response to transient meteorological phenomena, not so relevant in terms of aggregate values, but crucial for the supervision. The quasi-dynamic performance model (QD-PM) can predict the net energy exported to the grid, as well as all the key operational variables. The QD-PM was implemented using Matlab-Simulink of Mathwoks (MA, USA) with a modular structure. Each module is developed using specific software and a state machine is used to simulate the sequence between the operation modes. The validation of the PM is made using one complete year of commercial operation of a 50 MWe CSP plant situated in Spain. The comparison between the actual data and the results of the model shows an excellent fit, being especially noteworthy as follows the transients between the different CSP operation modes. Then, QD-PM provides an accuracy better than the usual PM, and, almost, as good as that of a fully dynamic model but with a shorter simulation time. But, the main advantage of the QD-PM is that it can be use not only in the feasibility and design stages, but it can be used to supervise the operation of the plant.
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Gonzalez Gonzalez, Adrian, Jose Valeriano Alvarez Cabal, Miguel Angel Vigil Berrocal, Rogelio Peón Menéndez, and Adrian Riesgo Fernández. "Simulation of a CSP Solar Steam Generator, Using Machine Learning." Energies 14, no. 12 (2021): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123613.
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Developing an accurate concentrated solar power (CSP) performance model requires significant effort and time. The power block (PB) is the most complex system, and its modeling is clearly the most complicated and time-demanding part. Nonetheless, PB layouts are quite similar throughout CSP plants, meaning that there are enough historical process data available from commercial plants to use machine learning techniques. These algorithms allowed the development of a very accurate black-box PB model in a very short amount of time. This PB model could be easily integrated as a block into the PM. The machine learning technique selected was SVR (support vector regression). The PB model was trained using a complete year of data from a commercial CSP plant situated in southern Spain. With a very limited set of inputs, the PB model results were very accurate, according to their validation against a new complete year of data. The model not only fit well on an aggregate basis, but also in the transients between operation modes. To validate applicability, the same model methodology is used with a data from a very different CSP Plant, located in the MENA region and with more than double nominal electric power, obtaining an excellent fitting in the validation.
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Starke, A. R., L. F. L. Lemos, S. Colle, R. F. Reinaldo, J. M. Cardemil, and R. Escobar. "A METHODOLOGY FOR SIMULATION AND ASSESSMENT OF CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER PLANTS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 15, no. 1 (2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v15i1.62162.
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A thermal analysis of Concentrated Solar Power plants is conducted considering parabolic trough collectors (PTC), linear Fresnel collectors using direct steam generation scheme (LFC-DSG) and central receiver system using both molten nitrate salts (CRS-MNS) direct steam generation (CRS-DSG). The plant capacities were ranged from 50 to 800 MWth and the analysis focuses on the environmental conditions of selected locations in South America. Thus, the study considers a parametric analysis of the main design parameter for different plant scales, in terms of the thermal performance indicators as solar field aperture area, power block rating capacity and plant annual efficiencies. The annual production of the plants is calculated by using the Transient System Simulation program (TRNSYS), which considers a new component library developed for that purpose. This library is based in the open access models developed by the U.S National Renewable Energy Laboratory and currently employed by the System Advisor Model (SAM) program. In addition, a new fluid properties subroutine compatible with TRNSYS codes standards was developed, which uses the freeware CoolProp library. These approaches allowed to modify and create new configurations for CSP plants, e.g. thermal storage for the DSG scheme.
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Bezerra, Pedro Henrique Silva. "PREVISÃO DE PERFORMANCE ENERGÉTICA POR MEIO DE SIMULAÇÃO TRANSIENTE DE UM SISTEMA CSP COM TORRE CENTRAL INTEGRADO A ATIVIDADES AGROINDUSTRIAIS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 33, no. 3 (2018): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2018v33n3p255-260.
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Para demonstrar o funcionamento da tecnologia CSP, é de fundamental importância a simulação dos processos por meio de ferramentas computacionais, que permitem a previsão do desempenho energético. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi obter o desempenho energético de uma usina CSP com receptor central, com capacidade instalada de 70kWel, integrado a sistemas agroindustriais em São Paulo. A pesquisa se baseou na criação de um modelo de sistema CSP, para geração de eletricidade, acoplados a um Matadouro e Laticínio. As análises foram realizadas com do uso da ferramenta computacional TRNSYS. Os resultados prévios oriundos das simulações foram em resposta à irradiação solar. Nas melhores épocas do ano em que a radiação é mais frequente e intensa, foi-se registrado valores acima de 1000 W/m², sendo que durante o ano, o valor integral obtido foi 1.957,73 kW/m²/ano. Os valores de eficiência óptica obtidos alcançaram a ordem de 45%. A eficiência média de conversão do calor proveniente do sol em eletricidade do ciclo foi 18%. Durante o dia, a potência líquida da turbina foi de aproximadamente 30 kWe, sendo que o valor de geração anual integrado foi na ordem de 108.618 kWh/ano. Ao aplicar os valores de geração obtidos no perfil do consumo do Laticínio, os resultados apontaram que em um dia de geração, considerável bom com 10 horas de irradiação, a planta supriria 60% da demanda energética. O sistema pode ser analisado como uma alternativa de eficiência energética com aplicação da resolução ANEEL 482/2012.Palavras-chave: Energia Solar Concentrada; sistema CSP com torre central; desempenho energético. ENERGY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION BY TRANSIENT SIMULATION OF A CSP SYSTEM WITH CENTRAL TOWER INTEGRATED TO AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES ABSTRACT: To demonstrate the operation of CSP technology is fundamental to simulate the processes by computational tools, which allow prediction of energy performance. The objective of this research was obtain the energy performance of CSP plant with central receiver, with installed capacity of 70kWel, integrated an agribusiness systems in São Paulo. The research was based on the creation of a model of CSP system, for electricity generation, coupled to a Slaughterhouse and Dairy. The analyzes were performed with the use of the computational tool TRNSYS. The previous results from the simulations were in response to solar irradiation. In the best times of the year when radiation is more frequent and intense, values above 1000 W / m² were recorded, and during the year the total value obtained was 1.957.73 kW / m² / year. The average efficiency heat conversion from the sun into electricity cycle was 18%. During the day, the net power of the turbine was approximately 30 kWe, and the integrated annual generation value was in the order of 108,618 kWh / year. By applying the generation of values obtained in Dairy consumption profile, the results showed that a day generation, with considerable good 10 hours of irradiation, the plant would supply 60% of the energy demand. The system can be analyzed as an alternative energy solution with the application of ANEEL resolution 482/2012.KEYWORDS: Concentrated Solar Power; CSP system with central tower; performance.
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Bezerra, Pedro Henrique Silva, Odivaldo José Seraphim, and Celso Eduardo Lins De Oliveira. "PREVISÃO DE PERFORMANCE ENERGÉTICA POR MEIO DE SIMULAÇÃO TRANSIENTE DE UM SISTEMA CSP COM TORRE CENTRAL INTEGRADO A ATIVIDADES AGROINDUSTRIAIS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 33, no. 3 (2018): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2018v33n3p264-269.
Full textAbstract:
Para demonstrar o funcionamento da tecnologia CSP, é de fundamental importância a simulação dos processos por meio de ferramentas computacionais, que permitem a previsão do desempenho energético. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi obter o desempenho energético de uma usina CSP com receptor central, com capacidade instalada de 70kWel, integrado a sistemas agroindustriais em São Paulo. A pesquisa se baseou na criação de um modelo de sistema CSP, para geração de eletricidade, acoplados a um Matadouro e Laticínio. As análises foram realizadas com do uso da ferramenta computacional TRNSYS. Os resultados prévios oriundos das simulações foram em resposta à irradiação solar. Nas melhores épocas do ano em que a radiação é mais frequente e intensa, foi-se registrado valores acima de 1000 W/m², sendo que durante o ano, o valor integral obtido foi 1.957,73 kW/m²/ano. Os valores de eficiência óptica obtidos alcançaram a ordem de 45%. A eficiência média de conversão do calor proveniente do sol em eletricidade do ciclo foi 18%. Durante o dia, a potência líquida da turbina foi de aproximadamente 30 kWe, sendo que o valor de geração anual integrado foi na ordem de 108.618 kWh/ano. Ao aplicar os valores de geração obtidos no perfil do consumo do Laticínio, os resultados apontaram que em um dia de geração, considerável bom com 10 horas de irradiação, a planta supriria 60% da demanda energética. O sistema pode ser analisado como uma alternativa de eficiência energética com aplicação da resolução ANEEL 482/2012.
 Palavras-chave: Energia Solar Concentrada; sistema CSP com torre central; desempenho energético.
 
 ENERGY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION BY TRANSIENT SIMULATION OF A CSP SYSTEM WITH CENTRAL TOWER INTEGRATED TO AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
 
 ABSTRACT: To demonstrate the operation of CSP technology is fundamental to simulate the processes by computational tools, which allow prediction of energy performance. The objective of this research was obtain the energy performance of CSP plant with central receiver, with installed capacity of 70kWel, integrated an agribusiness systems in São Paulo. The research was based on the creation of a model of CSP system, for electricity generation, coupled to a Slaughterhouse and Dairy. The analyzes were performed with the use of the computational tool TRNSYS. The previous results from the simulations were in response to solar irradiation. In the best times of the year when radiation is more frequent and intense, values above 1000 W / m² were recorded, and during the year the total value obtained was 1.957.73 kW / m² / year. The average efficiency heat conversion from the sun into electricity cycle was 18%. During the day, the net power of the turbine was approximately 30 kWe, and the integrated annual generation value was in the order of 108,618 kWh / year. By applying the generation of values obtained in Dairy consumption profile, the results showed that a day generation, with considerable good 10 hours of irradiation, the plant would supply 60% of the energy demand. The system can be analyzed as an alternative energy solution with the application of ANEEL resolution 482/2012.
 KEYWORDS: Concentrated Solar Power; CSP system with central tower; performance.
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Eller, Tim, Florian Heberle, and Dieter Brüggemann. "Transient Simulation of Geothermal Combined Heat and Power Generation for a Resilient Energetic and Economic Evaluation." Energies 12, no. 5 (2019): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050894.
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Geothermal power plants based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) are used to convert the thermal power of brine into electricity. The efficiency and profitability of these power plants can be increased by an additional heat supply. The purpose of this study is to evaluate different combined heat and power (CHP) concepts for geothermal applications by thermodynamic and economic considerations. Therefore, a dynamic simulation model of a double-stage ORC is developed to perform annual return simulations. The transient ORC model is validated in a wide range by operational data of an existing power plant in the German Molasse Basin. A district heating system is considered and the corresponding heat load profiles are derived from a real geothermal driven heating network. For CHP, parallel and combined configurations are considered. The validation of the transient model is satisfying with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the simulation and real power plant data. The results show that additional heat extraction leads to a higher exergetic efficiency and a higher profitability. The exergetic efficiency and the profitability are increased by up to 7.9% and 16.1%, respectively. The combined concept shows a slightly better performance than the parallel configuration. The efficiency can be increased by up to 1.3%. In economic terms, for CHP the annual return can be increased by at least 2,500,000 €. In principle, the dynamic model shows reliable results for high power gradients. This enables an investigation of geothermal ORC models for the reserve market in future works.
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Brumana, Giovanni, Elisa Ghirardi, and Giuseppe Franchini. "Comparison of Different Power Generation Mixes for High Penetration of Renewables." Sustainability 16, no. 19 (2024): 8435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16198435.
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Growing environmental concerns have driven the installation of renewable systems. Meanwhile, the continuous decline in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), alongside the decreasing cost of photovoltaics (PVs), is compelling the power sector to accurately forecast the performance of energy plants to maximize plant profitability. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and optimization of a hybrid power generation system for a remote community in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with a 10 MW peak power demand. The goal is to achieve 90 percent of annual load coverage from renewable energy. This study introduces a novel comparison between three different configurations: (i) concentrated solar power (parabolic troughs + thermal energy storage + steam Rankine cycle); (ii) fully electric (PVs + wind + batteries); and (iii) an energy mix that combines both solutions. The research demonstrates that the hybrid mix achieves the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE) at 0.1364 USD/kWh through the use of advanced transient simulation and load-following control strategies. The single-technology solutions were found to be oversized, resulting in higher costs and overproduction. This paper also explores a reduction in the economic scenario and provides insights into cost-effective renewable systems for isolated communities. The new minimum cost of 0.1153 USD/kWh underscores the importance of integrating CSP and PV technologies to meet the very stringent conditions of high renewable penetration and improved grid stability.
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Artsiomenka, K. I. "Structural-and-Parametric Optimization of Automatic Control System for Power Units of 300 MW in Wide Range of Load Variations." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 5 (2019): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-5-469-481.
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The structural-parametric optimization of the automatic control system for power units (ACSPU) of 300 MW of Lukoml’skaya GRES (Lukoml Local Condensing Power Plant) in the mode of both the permanent and the variable superheated steam pressure upstream of the turbine is under consideration. During 1974–1979, eight units of the Lukoml’skaya GRES implemented the ACSPU with a leading boiler power control. At the moment, these systems no longer meet all the frequency control quality requirements. In 2016, the daily schedule of electric loads of the Belarusian power system was as follows: the basic part of the schedule of electric loads was covered by combined heat and power plants (CHP) and by mini-CHP (which are the least maneuverable of the power plants), the semi-peak part of it–by local condensing power plants (Lukoml’skaya GRES and Berezovskaya GRES), the peak part–by import electric energy from neighboring power systems. However, this year the first unit of the Belorussian NPP will be put into operation, while the second one–in 2020. After the launch of the Belorussian NPP, it will cover basic part of load curve; CPPs will cover the semi-peak part, while the peak part of load curve will be covered by local condensing power plants. Correspondingly, due to the alteration of the structure of daily schedule of electric loads of the Belarusian power system, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of power units of Lukoml’skaya GRES as well as of the entire Lukoml’skaya GRES in general. This can be achieved with the help of the method of parametric optimization of the typical ACSPU proposed in the present paper. As a result, the quality of control of power and pressure upstream of the turbine will be improved; the flow of fuel will be reduced, as well as the turbine regulation valve displacement; environmental performance of entire power plant will be improved, too. The proposed technique has been confirmed by the results of computer simulation of transient processes in the automatic control system under external and internal disturbances.
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Sudhakar, K., and Deepak Bishoyi. "Modeling and performance simulation of 100 MW LFR based solar thermal power plant in Udaipur India." Resource-Efficient Technologies, no. 4 (October 27, 2017): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24056529/2017/4/160.
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Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy on the earth and considered as an important alternativeto fossil fuels. Solar energy can be converted into electric energy by using two different processes:photovoltaic conversion and the thermodynamic cycles. Lifetime and efficiency of PV power plant is lesseras compared to the CSP technology. CSP technology is viewed as one of the most promising alternativetechnology in the field of solar energy utilization. A 100 MW Linear Fresnel Reflector solar thermal powerplant design with 6 hours of thermal energy storage has been evaluated for thermal performance usingNREL SAM. A location receiving an annual DNI of 2248.17 kWh/m 2 /year in Rajasthan is chosen for thetechnical feasibility of hypothetical CSP plant. The plant design consists of 16 numbers of solar collectormodules in a loop. HITEC solar salt is chosen as an HTF due to its excellent thermodynamic properties.The designed plant can generate annual electricity of 263,973,360 kWh with the plant efficiency of 18.3%. The capacity utilization of the proposed LFR plant is found to be 30.2%. The LFR solar thermal powerplant performance results encourage further innovation and development of CSP plants in India.
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Abuashe, Ibrahim, Essaied Shuia, and Hajer Aljermi. "Modelling and simulation of Concentrated Solar Power Plant in Ber’Alganam area (Azzawia-Libya)." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 8, no. 2 (2019): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v8i2.27.
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This paper aims to conduct modeling and simulation of a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plant in Ber’Alganam area (Azzawia-Libya). Th thermal analysis of the solar power plant was carried out to identify its characteristics and present the monthly power curves according to measured solar radiation and meteorological data of Ber’Alganam (Azzawia-Libya). Th mathematical model of the plant was based on energy balance of each component used to develop the simulation tool using Matlab softare. Th simulationtool can be used to simulate the solar plant and achieve desired plots and results. Among many techniques used in the fild of solar power generation, the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology using Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) or (PT) has been selected. As a sample case, a 30 MW CSP plant was proposed to present the hourly performance and productivity through entire year. The study offred a description of two more technologies; thermal energy storage (TES) and backup boiler in order to enhance and stabilize the CSP plant and the continuous production throughout daytime and estimate the amount of fuel needed for thisissue, the results shows, the annual power output by both solar source, TES system, and the backup boiler are 91513, 318.36, and 4690.45 MWh/year, respectively, with respect the solar multiplier is 1.5. The study also concerned with the amount of emissions avoided by using CSP plants, the study estimated that, 18516.4 tons of emissions could be annually avoided by CSP plant rather than conventional plant that uses a natural gas as the energy source. Th results demonstrate that, the Ber’Alganam is a good location to construct CSP plants, according to the productivity indicators.
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Abuashe, Ibrahim, Essaied Shuia, and Hajer Aljermi. "Modelling and simulation of Concentrated Solar Power Plant in Ber’Alganam area (Azzawia-Libya)." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 9, no. 2 (2020): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v9i2.4.
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Ths paper aims to conduct modeling and simulation of a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plant in Ber’Alganam area (Azzawia-Libya). Th thermal analysis of the solar power plant was carried out to identify its characteristics and present the monthly power curves according to measured solar radiation and meteorological data of Ber’Alganam (Azzawia-Libya). Th mathematical model of the plant was based on energy balance of each component used to develop the simulation tool using Matlab softare. Th simulation tool can be used to simulate the solar plant and achieve desired plots and results. Among many techniques used in the fild of solar power generation, the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology using Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) or (PT) has been selected. As a sample case, a 30 MW CSP plant was proposed to present the hourly performance and productivity through entire year. Th study offred a description of two more technologies; thermal energy storage (TES) and backup boiler in order to enhance and stabilize the CSP plant and the continuous production throughout daytime and estimate the amount of fuel needed for this issue, the results shows, the annual power output by both solar source, TES system, and the backup boiler are 91513, 318.36, and 4690.45 MWh/year, respectively, with respect the solar multiplier is 1.5. The study also concerned with the amount of emissions avoided by using CSP plants, the study estimated that, 18516.4 tons of emissions could be annually avoided by CSP plant rather than conventional plant that uses a natural gas as the energy source. Th results demonstrate that, the Ber’Alganam is a good location to construct CSP plants,according to the productivity indicators.
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Shagdar, Enkhbayar, Bachirou Guene Lougou, Batmunkh Sereeter, et al. "Performance Analysis of the 50 MW Concentrating Solar Power Plant under Various Operation Conditions." Energies 15, no. 4 (2022): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041367.
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Power generation using concentrating solar energy is a potential solution to provide clean, green, and sustainable power generation in the long term. The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of a parabolic trough collector-based concentrating solar power (CSP) plant by selecting four different reference days (i.e., 22 March, 22 June, 22 September, and 22 December), representing four seasons in Mongolian climate conditions. Numerical simulation of the 50 MW CSP plant was performed, both at nominal and part-load conditions using the heat balance method considering variations of power load owing to the direct normal irradiation (DNI). The results revealed that the 50 MW CSP plant could operate well throughout the year, and it showed the highest value of operating performance for the 22 June due to the higher DNI and small solar incidence angle. The operating performance for the 22 March and 22 September is nearly similar. The lowest value of operating performance occurred on the 22 December. Moreover, the operating performance of the CSP plant in the part-load conditions was significantly reduced compared to the nominal load owing to the DNI fluctuation. This study also revealed that the CSP plant could significantly contribute to environmental protection and climate change mitigation.
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Pinello, Lucio, Massimo Fossati, Marco Giglio, et al. "Structural Performance-Based Design Optimisation of a Secondary Mirror for a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plant." Energies 16, no. 16 (2023): 6000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16166000.
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Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants use mirrors to reflect and concentrate sunlight onto a receiver, to heat a fluid and store thermal energy, at high temperature and energy density, to produce dispatchable heat and/or electricity. The secondary mirror is a critical component in the optical system of certain Solar Power Tower plants (SPT), as it redirects the concentrated sunlight from the primary mirror onto the receiver, which can be arranged at ground level. In this study, we propose a design optimisation for the secondary mirror of a CSP plant. The design optimisation method consists of two steps. The first step involves the use of the finite element simulation software Abaqus 2022 to analyse the structural performance of the secondary mirror under thermal loads and wind. The second step consists of the use of simulation results to identify the combination of design parameters and best performances, with respect to both design constraints and structural safety. This is carried out by developing an algorithm that selects those configurations which satisfy the constraints by using safety coefficients. The proposed optimisation method is applied to the design of a potential configuration of a secondary mirror for the beam-down of the CSP Magaldi STEM® technology, although the methodology can be extended to other components of CSP plants, such as primary mirrors and receivers, to further enhance the structural performance of these systems.
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Reinoso-Burrows, Juan C., Marcelo Cortés-Carmona, Mauro Henríquez, et al. "Cellular Automaton Simulation of Corrosion in 347H Steel Exposed to Molten Solar Salt at Pilot-Plant Scale." Materials 18, no. 3 (2025): 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030713.
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The fast-paced depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns have intensified interest in renewable energies, with dispatchable solar energy emerging as a key alternative. Concentrated solar power (CSP) technology, utilizing thermal energy storage (TES) systems with molten salts at 560 °C, offers significant potential for large-scale energy generation. However, these extreme conditions pose challenges related to material corrosion, which is critical for maintaining the efficiency and lifespan of CSP. This research modeled the corrosion process of 347H stainless steel in molten solar salt (60% NaNO3 + 40% KNO3) melted at 400 °C using a cellular automaton (CA) algorithm. The CA model simulated oxide growth under pilot-plant conditions in a lattice of 400 × 400 cells. SEM-EDS imaging compared the model with a mean squared error of 2%, corresponding to a corrosion layer of 4.25 µm after 168 h. The simulation applied von Neumann and Margolus neighborhoods for the ion movement and reaction rules, achieving a cell size of 0.125 µm and 10.08 s per iteration. This study demonstrates the CA model’s effectiveness in replicating corrosion processes, offering a tool to optimize material performance in CSP systems. Additionally, continuing this investigation could contribute to the development of industrial applications, enabling the design of preventive strategies for large-scale operations.
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Sharif, Mohamed Alamen, Mohamad Hossin, and Salem A. Al-Hashmi. "Simulation and optimization of a Concentrating Solar Power Plant with Thermal Energy Storage in Sebha city by using system advisor model (SAM)." Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 20, no. 4 (2021): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v20i4.1718.
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Concentrated solar power (CSP) is viewed as one of the most promising alternatives in the field of solar energy utilization; parabolic trough collector (PTC) solar power plants are the most commercially established among the power plants operating with CSP technology. In this paper, a parabolic trough solar thermal power plant with thermal energy storage was evaluated in terms of design and thermal performance, using the SAM program of NREL (System Advisor Model). This program is used to evaluate the active and economic performance of a plant such as monthly energy production, annual energy production, and level cost of energy (LCOE).one representative site in south Libya, Sebha city, which offers an annual average direct normal radiation (DNI) of more than 6.0 kWh/m2/day, has been chosen for the analysis and optimization of the proposed 100 MWe PTC Solar power plant. The optimization is carried out with solar multiple (SM) and full load hours of thermal energy storage TES as the parameters, to minimize the Levelized cost of electricity and maximize the annual energy yield. Based on the findings of the study, the proposed 100 MW PTC solar power plant with thermal energy storage can contribute to the sustainable energy future of Libya with reduced dependency on fossil fuels. This design and performance analysis of the plant encourages further development and innovation of solar thermal power plants in all regions of Libya.
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K., A. Abed, M. A. Amin Amr, A. El-Samahy Adel, and M. A. Shaaban Abdullah. "Modeling and Simulation of Multi Purposes Concentrated Solar Power System." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 5, no. 6 (2018): 375–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10709111.
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<strong>ABSTRACT </strong> The investigated plant consists of solar collector field of 120 kW peak thermal capacity, thermal storage tank with 3 tons of therminol-66 oil, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) of 4.3 kW nominal electric power production capacity, and thermally driven absorption chiller (TDC) of 35 kW cooling capacity. The present work aims to manage the thermal energy stored from Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plant, in order to obtain the optimum operating condition of CSP System (ORC and TDC). The system was modeled mathematically and simulated using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software program in order to analyze the performance at similar conditions to the real ones to ensure the feasibility of the presented study. The present simulation program is loaded by the data of Donghong Wei et al [10] and the output results are compared. From this comparison between the present work and [10] for the output net power versus exhaust mass flow rate work, it is clear that, the two curves have the same trend with some acceptable deviations. The output results were analyzed. Effect of hot oil temperature and mass flow rate on ORC output and efficiency are investigated. Also effect of generator and evaporator temperatures on TDC cooling capacity and coefficient of performance are obtained. At optimum operating condition, the electrical net output power from ORC is about 24 kW, while the TDC cooling capacity is about 24 kW. The optimum operating conditions occurs when 73.33 % from stored thermal energy is used for ORC and 26.67 % is used for TDC.
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Das, Himadry Shekhar, Shuhui Li, and Shahinur Rahman. "Grid Interconnection Modeling of Inverter Based Resources (IBR) Plant for Transient Analysis." Energies 16, no. 7 (2023): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073211.
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The increase in penetration levels of inverter-based resources (IBRs) is changing the dynamic performance of power grids of different parts of the world. IBRs are now being more and more integrated into the grid at a single connection point as an IBR plant. Due to the complex nature and dynamicity of each inverter model, it is not realistic to build and analyze full complex models of each inverter in the IBR plant. Moreover, simulating a large plant including detailed models of all the IBRs would require high computing resources as well as a long simulation time. This has been the main issue addressed in the new IEEE Std 2800-2022. This paper proposes a novel approach to model an IBR plant, which can capture the transient nature at the plant level, detailed IBR control at the inverter level, interactions of multiple IBR groups in a plant structure, and a collector system connecting the IBRs to the grid. The IBRs in the plant use a voltage source inverter topology combined with a grid-connected filter. The control structure of the IBR includes a cascaded loop control where an inner current control and outer power control are designed in the dq-reference frame, and a closed-loop phase-locked loop is used for the grid synchronization. The mathematical study is conducted first to develop aggregated plant models considering different operating scenarios of active IBRs in an IBR plant. Then, an electromagnetic transient simulation (EMT) model of the plant is developed to investigate the plant’s dynamic performance under different operating scenarios. The performance of the aggregated plant model is compared with that of a detailed plant model to prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The results show that the aggregated EMT simulation model provides almost the same result as the detailed model from the plant perspective while the running time/computation burden is much lower.
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Kumar, Vinod, and Liqiang Duan. "Off-Design Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Solar Aided Coal-Fired Power Plant." Energies 14, no. 10 (2021): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102950.
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Coal consumption and CO2 emissions are the major concerns of the 21st century. Solar aided (coal-fired) power generation (SAPG) is paid more and more attention globally, due to the lesser coal rate and initial cost than the original coal-fired power plant and CSP technology respectively. In this paper, the off-design dynamic performance simulation model of a solar aided coal-fired power plant is established. A 330 MW subcritical coal-fired power plant is taken as a case study. On a typical day, three various collector area solar fields are integrated into the coal-fired power plant. By introducing the solar heat, the variations of system performances are analyzed at design load, 75% load, and 50% load. Analyzed parameters with the change of DNI include the thermal oil mass flow rate, the mass flow rate of feed water heated by the solar energy, steam extraction mass flow rate, coal consumption, and the plant thermal efficiency. The research results show that, as DNI increases over a day, the coal saving rate will also increase, the maximum coal saving rate reaches up to 5%, and plant thermal efficiency reaches 40%. It is analyzed that the SAPG system gives the best performance at a lower load and a large aperture area.
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Magistri, Loredana, Francesco Trasino, and Paola Costamagna. "Transient Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrids—Part I: Fuel Cell Models." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 2 (2004): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2056529.
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The main goal of this work is the transient analysis of hybrid systems based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). The work is divided into three parts: in the first, the fuel cell transient models are presented and discussed, whereas in the subsequent parts of the paper the anodic recirculation system (Part B: Ferrari, M.L., Traverso, A., Massardo, A.F., 2004, ASME Paper No. 2004-GT-53716) and the entire hybrid transient performance (Part C: Magistri, L., Ferrari, M.L., Traverso, A., Costamagna, P., Massardo, A.F., 2004, ASME Paper No. 2004-GT-53845) are investigated. In this paper the transient behavior of a solid oxide fuel cell is analyzed through the use of two different approaches: macroscopic and detailed SOFC models. Both models are presented in this paper, and their simulation results are compared to each other and to available experimental data. As a first step the transient response of the fuel cell was studied using a very detailed model in order to completely describe this phenomenon and to highlight the critical aspects. Subsequently, some modifications were made to this model to create an apt simulation tool (macroscopic fuel cell model) for the whole plant analysis. The reliability of this model was verified by comparing several transient responses to the results obtained with the detailed model. In the subsequent papers (Parts B and C), the integration of the macroscopic fuel cell model into the whole plant model will be described and the transient study of the hybrid plant will be presented.
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Amour, Aissa, and Noureddine MENASRI. "Transient Numerical Simulation of a Large-Sized Cement-Mill Fan for Performance Prediction." Mechanics 29, no. 1 (2023): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.32170.
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In many engineering applications, particle-laden flows are a necessary part of the conveying process, but in other situations, they could have unintended consequences that must be avoided. As a part of the exhausting process, the induced cement-mill fan (FN-280) installed in a cement plant operates under critical conditions with the presence of high content of cement particles. Over time the dragged solid particles erode the rotating and stationary parts of the fan causing their damage. If one decides on a numerical approach to predict regions most prone to erosion and track the solid particle's trajectory within the fan domain by assuming a one-way coupling regime between the continuous and discrete solid phases, a deep insight into the flows physics within the centrifugal fan is required. With this aim, a three-dimensional numerical approach for the hole unsteady flow in a large-sized industrial centrifugal fan has been carried out in this paper. A fully resolved sliding mesh approach was employed to take into account the unsteady interaction between the impeller and the discharge volute. Based on the characteristic performance curves, the numerical results of the unsteady simulation at four operating conditions are validated with the experimental data. The comparisons reveal that the results of the unsteady simulation are in an acceptable level of agreement with the experiment, demonstrating the validity of the modelling approach adopted in this study.
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Chen, Sheng, Jian Zhang, and Xiao Dong Yu. "The Application of Safety Membranes in Hydropower Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.449.
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Safety membrane is a good mechanical device that can be applied in middle and small hydropower stations instead of a surge tank. This present study deals with the determination of three most important parameters of safety membrane, rupture pressure, diameter, and number. The mathematical model of transient process is established by introducing the method of characteristic, which is used for the simulation of the rupture behavior of safety membrane. Then the model is applied to a specific hydropower station that only can employ safety membrane as the regulating measurement, and it shows good performance. The achievements of the study can serve as a reference for similar projects.
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Saidi, Abdelaziz Salah, Osama Ali Zemi, Lina Alhmoud, and Muhammad Umar Malik. "Modeling, Integration and Simulation of the Photovoltaic Power Plant Considering LVRT Capability and Transient Voltage Stability." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 18 (December 31, 2023): 340–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.35.
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This paper investigates how high photovoltaic energy penetration impacts dynamic performance and voltage regulation of the modified IEEE-9 bus grid. The transmission power system was modeled and simulated using PSCAD-EMTDC software to conduct the study. Load flow analysis is implemented to explore the power system’s capability to incorporate the desired photovoltaic power. Moreover, the study is based on time response simulations to grid disturbances. The supply and control of reactive power from solar power generation plants are becoming critical issues to study because they can facilitate the integration of PV in power grids under different operating conditions. Network-related faults like a PV solar power plant event outage, a three-phase short-circuit at a conventional bus, and a voltage dip at the PV solar power plant have been considered. The results will help identify the protective devices and strategies needed to maintain the stability and reliability of the system operation and transient analysis of the network under external power network fault and recovery operation. Thus, it has practical significance for real utility studies. Moreover, this comprehensive study will be a valuable guide for assessing and improving the grid’s performance under the study of any other grids, which also gives the vast potential and need for solar energy penetration into the grid systems.
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Bai, Ou, Masatoshi Nakamura, Yasuyuki Ikegami, and Haruo Uehara. "A Simulation Model for Hot Spring Thermal Energy Conversion Plant With Working Fluid of Binary Mixtures." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 3 (2004): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1760526.
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Hot spring thermal energy conversion (STEC) is a system that converts heat energy into electricity using the temperature difference between hot spring water and sea/river water. This paper describes dynamic model construction for the transient performance of STEC plant, which uses a recently developed power cycle with binary mixtures as working fluid. The mathematical models were constructed based on thermodynamics and structural features of the power cycle for representing the timely dependent state variables of the working fluid. Confidence in the accuracy of the developed models has been established by comparison of the simulation results with those obtained experimentally in a pilot STEC plant.
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Menéndez, Javier, Jesús M. Fernández-Oro, Mónica Galdo, and Jorge Loredo. "Transient Simulation of Underground Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants Operating in Pumping Mode." Energies 13, no. 7 (2020): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071781.
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The increasing penetration of variable renewable energies (VRE) in the European electricity mix requires flexible energy storage systems (ESS), such as pumped storage hydropower (PSH). Disused mining voids from deep closed mines may be used as subsurface reservoirs of underground pumped-storage hydropower (UPSH) plants. Unlike conventional PSH plants, the air pressure in UPSH plants is variable and it differs from the atmospheric conditions. In this paper, the hydraulic transient process of an UPSH plant operating in pumping mode was investigated and a preliminary thermodynamic analysis of the closed surge tank was carried out. Analytical and CFD three-dimensional numerical simulations based on the volume of fluid (VOF) model with two-phase flow have been performed for analyzing the transient process. In the transient simulation, air and water are considered as ideal gas and compressible liquid, respectively. Different guide vanes closing schemes have been simulated. The obtained results show that the dimensioning of underground reservoir, surge tank, and air ducts is essential for ensuring the hydraulic performance and optimizing the operation of UPSH plants. The static pressure in the air duct, surge tank and lower reservoir reaches −1.6, 112.8 and −4 kPa, respectively, while a heat flux of −80 W was obtained through the surge tank walls.
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Alawad, Nasir Ahmed. "Comparison Performance of PI and FPI Controllers for Model Reduction of Binary Distillation Column Plant." Brilliant Engineering 2, no. 1 (2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.001.005.
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Distillation is the separation strategy in the oil and compound businesses for cleansing of conclusive items. This paper deals with the reduced dynamic model and control of the distillation tower by applying a multi-loop control framework in Matlab/Simulink for a double blend. The structure objective considered is to guarantee that the top item, the base item, the reflux rate and the reboiler rate stray inside their recommended limits forever and for all the aggravations. This paper proposes an optimal tuning method for fractional Proportional-Integral controller (FPI). The method consists of minimizing Integral Absolute Error (IAE) performance index criterion. Acceptable controller (FPI) is acquired via looking in the space of plan boundaries (Kp,Ki). An example of application (distillation column) plant is presented to evaluate the proposed method. A comparison with classical PI controller and optimal PI shows that the system under fractional state is robust in terms of transient specifications, maximum overshot, settling and rise times. The simulation results shows that more than (21%) improvement for reducing the max-overshot and(65%)improvement for increasing response speed for fractional PI compared with classical PI.MATLAB simulation toolbox is used to show the effectives of the proposed method.
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Liaw, C. M., K. S. Jaw, and Y. S. Gong. "Linear Model Following Control Systems Based on Reduced Models." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 114, no. 2 (1992): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896533.
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A linear model following controller based on a reduced-order plant model is presented in this paper. The reduced model is composed of two submodels that characterize the dynamics during the transient and the steady states. The order of the controller is minimized without deteriorating the system performance. In addition, the proposed modified linear model following controller, which uses the output as the feedback signal, can be easily implemented. Some simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
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Peter, Schöttl, Bern Gregor, Wet Van Rooyen De, Antonio Fernández Pretel José, Fluri Thomas, and Nitz Peter. "Optimization of Solar Tower molten salt cavity receivers for maximum yield based on annual performance assessment." Solar Energy 199 (February 14, 2020): 278–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.02.007.
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The receiver at the optical-to-thermo-hydraulic interface of a Solar Tower plant needs careful optimization in the design stage to guarantee maximum yield during operation. Due to the highly transient behavior of a Solar Tower plant, evaluation of the receiver performance based on annual yield as a figure of merit is important. In this study, a novel method for the optimization of Solar Tower molten salt cavity receivers is introduced, which integrates optical, thermal, hydraulic and operational aspects. The receiver geometry, the hydraulic layout and the aiming strategy are optimized simultaneously. The optimization objective function is based on a validated simulation model that integrates a <em>sky discretization approach</em> for optical assessment and an <em>Artificial Neural Network</em> for fast system simulation. This approach allows to accelerate the transient annual assessment such that annual thermal yield can be used as figure of merit in the iterative optimization. For the latter, an <em>Evolutionary Algorithm</em> adapted to the problem has been applied, which allows for identifying optimized receiver configurations with reasonable computational effort. The methodology is demonstrated by means of a 55 MW<sub>th</sub> receiver and a given Heliostat Field in southern Spain. For this example, the evolution of receiver parameters during the course of the optimization and the break-down of different loss contributions are discussed. The optimized receiver configuration delivers more than 4% higher annual yield, as compared to the reference configuration based on static design considerations. The approach’s applicability to different systems – external receivers, other heat transfer fluids, commercial scale system sizes – is discussed.
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Wang, Haitao, and Jianfeng Zhai. "Simulation Analysis of High Radiant Heat Plant Cooling and Endothermic Screen Waste Heat Recovery Performance Based on FLUENT." Energies 16, no. 10 (2023): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104196.
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In this article, we propose the endothermic screen model. The aim is to reduce the problems of the high temperature and low utilization of waste heat in industrial plants with high radiant heat. In this paper, the Rhino software is used to establish the model and import it into the FLUENT software, divide the mesh, set the boundary conditions and analyze the transient temperature field. Finally, the temperature change law in the plant and the waste heat recovery efficiency of the endothermic screen are obtained. The flow of cooling water in the endothermic screen is used to transform and transfer the high-radiation heat inside the plant to the outside. The simulation results show that after adding the endothermic screen, the average indoor temperature drops from 313.33 K to 305.66 K, which has a cooling effect. The waste heat recovery efficiency reaches up to 56%, and the waste heat recovery effect is obvious. The research results can provide a reference for the application of an endothermic screen in actual high radiant heat plants and provide a more comfortable working environment for the plant workers.
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Alotaibi, Huda Mohammed, Wael Al-Kouz, and Alberto Boretti. "Design of a 100 MW Concentrated Solar Power Plant Parabolic Trough in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." E3S Web of Conferences 242 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124201001.
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The increase in energy demand and the awareness of renewable energy has been raised due to environmental and climate change and the need to establish sustainable energy development. Using fossil fuels has created a critical situation such as; climate change, air pollution, and emission of greenhouse gases also, the resources are in limited supply. The infinite source of energy such as; the sun can provide an effective and sustainable energy supply. Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia is one of the areas that receive a high quantity of direct solar radiation. An average direct normal irradiance (DNI) for the central region is equal to 2018 kWh/m2/year. This paper shows the design and the performance analysis of 100 MW Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) parabolic trough (PT) power plants with thermal energy storage (TES) for use in Riyadh city. The performance of this design plant is analyzed by using the system advisor model (SAM). Based on the analysis carried out for this design, the capacity factor is equal to 45.3% with an annual energy generation which is equal to 396, 801, 792 kWh. By varying two main parameters, the solar field size and the full load hours of TES to get the optimal design of this plant is done. Based on the simulation result, the proposed design of 100 MW parabolic trough at 1, 150, 000 m2 solar field size and 7 h TES gives the lowest Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) with an assumed lifespan of the plant of 25 years.
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Nikmatullah, Muhammad Iqbal, Andi Haris Muhammad, Baharuddin, Zulkifli, and Haryanti Rivai. "CFD Simulation of Five Blades Archimedes Screw Turbine as Alternative Power Plant for Traditional Fishing Boat." Jurnal Riset & Teknologi Terapan Kemaritiman 3, no. 1 (2024): 8–13. https://doi.org/10.25042/jrt2k.062024.02.
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The need for electrical energy for traditional fishermen has greatly increased, considering that almost all equipment is now powered by electricity. Archimedes screw turbines, which are generally used as micro hydro power plants, especially in rivers or dams that incline, can be used as an alternative power generator for traditional fishing boats. This research aims to determine the performance of a five-blade Archimedes screw turbine using Ansys CFX software. The simulation was carried out with a flow velocity at the inlet boundary of 2.5 m/s using the transient simulation method, in order to obtain information about the flow characteristics around the turbine as the turbine rotates. So that the turbine can rotate during the simulation, the turbine domain is set using a Rigid Body Solution, so that its rotation will be influenced by the flow rate entering the turbine as is done in the laboratory. The results of this research will be used to optimize the performance of the turbine so that it can produce maximum power. From the simulation and analysis carried out, it was obtained that the mechanical power was 0.08 Watts and the hydraulic power was 0.49 Watts with a turbine efficiency of 17.28%. Apart from that, the increase in rotation produced by the turbine due to the hydraulic power of the water is directly proportional to the increase in mechanical power and torque in the turbine. The low value of mechanical power and efficiency obtained in this research is caused by the absence of an inclination angle between the inlet and outlet parts of the turbine.
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Latif, Zohaib, Amir Shahzad, Aamer Iqbal Bhatti, James Ferris Whidborne, and Raza Samar. "Autonomous Landing of an UAV Using H∞ Based Model Predictive Control." Drones 6, no. 12 (2022): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6120416.
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Possibly the most critical phase of an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) flight is landing. To reduce the risk due to pilot error, autonomous landing systems can be used. Environmental disturbances such as wind shear can jeopardize safe landing, therefore a well-adjusted and robust control system is required to maintain the performance requirements during landing. The paper proposes a loop-shaping-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for autonomous UAV landings. Instead of conventional MPC plant model augmentation, the input and output weights are designed in the frequency domain to meet the transient and steady-state performance requirements. Then, the H∞ loop shaping design procedure is used to synthesize the state-feedback controller for the shaped plant. This linear state-feedback control law is then used to solve an inverse optimization problem to design the cost function matrices for MPC. The designed MPC inherits the small-signal characteristics of the H∞ controller when constraints are inactive (i.e., perturbation around equilibrium points that keep the system within saturation limits). The H∞ loop shaping synthesis results in an observer plus state feedback structure. This state estimator initializes the MPC problem at each time step. The control law is successfully evaluated in a non-linear simulation environment under moderate and severe wind downburst. It rejects unmeasured disturbances, has good transient performance, provides an excellent stability margin, and enforces input constraints.
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Esobinenwu, Chizindu Stanley, and Lamidi Salihu Owuda. "Modeling and Simulation of Pulp Mill Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Damper Windings Using Matlab/Simulink." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, no. 06 (2023): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2023.v08i06.002.
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Modeling and simulation of pulp mill plant permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) with damper windings using Matlab/Simulink is presented. Pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips, timber, wood products into wood pulp that is used to produce paper, cardboard, thick fiber board, which can be used by a paper mill for further processing. Pulp and paper industry has been considered a large consumer of energy and constitute a native treat to the plant as a result of machines transient due to heavy load variation. Modeling and simulation of pulp mill plant (PMSM) with damper windings show the behavior of machines virtual image environments to test the performance, stability and safety for less cost. It helps the pulp mill plant designers, engineers and technicians to understand the process of creating and analyzing machines model and predict its performance in the real world. Damper winding is an additional property added in pulp mill plant PMSM to damping out any oscillation that may cause any sudden changes in the load on the rotor when in synchronism. It prevents hunting and provides starting torque and dose not requires machines spinning. The rotor field lags the stator by which the load angle changes as a result of load variation. Permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is an alternating current (ac) machine whose excitation is provided by the permanent magnet. It has permanent magnet (PM) on the rotor and windings on the stator. PMSM does not have field windings on the stator frame instead, it relies on the magnets to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor interacts to produce a torque. Pulp mill plant PMSM with damper windings was modeling and simulated using Matlab/Simulink as presented in this paper. The electrical and mechanical equations of various steps ware developed in state space form from which the SIMULINK models were built with pulp mill plant PMSM with damper windings using the block-approach method with in-built Matlab/SIMULINK to obtained results for dynamics performance, controllability, stability study and is widely used in the engineering, manufacturing, physical sciences, product development and recommended for pulp mill plant designers, engineers, technicians and plant operators.
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Battisti, Felipe G., Carlos F. Klein, Rodrigo A. Escobar, and José M. Cardemil. "Exergy Analysis and Off-Design Modeling of a Solar-Driven Supercritical CO2 Recompression Brayton Cycle." Energies 16, no. 12 (2023): 4755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124755.
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The latest generation of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems uses supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) as the working fluid in a high-performance recompression Brayton cycle (RcBC), whose off-design performance under different environmental conditions has yet to be fully explored. This study presents a model developed using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and System Advisor Model (SAM) to evaluate the operation of two solar-driven s-CO2 RcBCs over a year, considering meteorological conditions in northern Chile. Under design conditions, the power plant outputs a net power of 25 MW with a first-law efficiency of 48.3%. An exergy analysis reveals that the high-temperature recuperator contributes the most to the exergy destruction under nominal conditions. However, the yearly simulation shows that the gas cooler’s exergy destruction increases at high ambient temperatures, as does the turbine’s during off-design operation. The proposed cycle widens the operational range, offering a higher flexibility and synergistic turndown strategy by throttling the mass flow. The proposed cycle’s seasonal first-law efficiency of 39% outweighs the literature cycle’s 29%. When coupled to a thermal energy storage system, the proposed cycle’s capacity factor could reach 93.45%, compared to the value 76.45% reported for the cycle configuration taken from the literature.
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Vargas-Bautista, Juan Pablo, Alejandro Javier García-Cuéllar, Santiago L. Pérez-García, and Carlos I. Rivera-Solorio. "Transient simulation of a solar heating system for a small-scale ethanol-water distillation plant: Thermal, environmental and economic performance." Energy Conversion and Management 134 (February 2017): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.12.041.
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Njoku, O. Donatus *1 Ejem Agbaeze 2. Nwandu C. Ikenna 2. Amaefule I. A.3 Uka K. Kizito3 Madu K. Andrew4. "POSITIONING PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF A SERVOMECHANISM OF HARD DISK DRIVE IN A COMPUTER." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 11 (2017): 102–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1042088.
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This paper has presented positioning performance improvement of a servomechanism of hard disk drive (HDD) in a computer. It is desired to improve the transient response performance of servo positioning system of an HDD in computer. In order to do this, the mathematic equations representing the dynamics of the servomechanism were obtained and later transformed into transfer function representing the plant. A proportional integral derivative (PID) compenstaor was designed so as to meet the performance specifications of the HDD, PID tuning was used as the design method and a robust response time tuning method was employed subject to automatic (balance performance and robustness) design mode. The compensator is integrated with dynamic of an HDD to form a control loop. The simulation results obtained indicated that the designed controller largely improved the positioning performance of the system as well as its stability. This ensured improved track seeking and track following.
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Abbas, Ghulam, Muhammad Qumar Nazeer, Valentina E. Balas, et al. "Derivative-Free Direct Search Optimization Method for Enhancing Performance of Analytical Design Approach-Based Digital Controller for Switching Regulator." Energies 12, no. 11 (2019): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112183.
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Although an analytical design approach-based digital controller—which is essentially a deadbeat controller—shows zero steady-state error and no intersampling oscillations, it takes a finite number of sampling periods to settle down to a steady-state value. This paper describes the application of a derivative-free Nelder–Mead (N–M) simplex method to the digital controller for retuning of its coefficients intelligently to ensure improved settling and rise times without disturbing the deadbeat controller characteristics (i.e., no ripples between the sampling periods and no steady-state error). A switching-mode buck regulator working at 1 MHz in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is considered as a plant. Numerical simulation results depict that the N–M algorithm-based optimized digital controller not only shows improved steady-state and transient performance but also guarantees rigorous robustness against model uncertainty and disturbance as compared to its traditional counterpart, as well as the other optimized digital controller fine-tuned through other derivative-free metaheuristic optimization techniques, such as the genetic algorithm (GA). A system generator-based hardware software co-simulation is also performed to validate the simulation results.
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Malik, Arshad H., Aftab A. Memon, and Feroza Arshad. "Fractional Order Neural Transient Modeling of Primary Circuit of ACP1000 Based Nuclear Power Plant in LabVIEW." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 58, no. 4 (2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(58-4)759.
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The primary circuit of the nuclear power plant is the most advanced and sophisticated loop of the Advanced Chinese Pressurized Water Reactor (ACP1000). The primary circuit is composed of most technologically advanced nuclear systems and controllers. In this research work, closed loop dynamics of primary circuit (CLPC) of ACP1000 based nuclear power plant is identified. The closed loop dynamics is comprised of highly nonlinear coupled sevencontrol systems. The turbine power, pressurizer temperature, cold leg temperature, hot leg temperature, coolant average temperature and feed water flow are the selected parameters of interest as inputs while neutron power, reactor coolant pressure, pressurizer level, steam generator pressure, steam generator level and steam generator flow as outputs. Therefore, a closed loop multi-input multi-out (MIMO) is configured. The control oriented closed loop dynamics of the primary circuit of ACP1000 is estimated by state-of-the-art novel fractional order neural network (FO-ANN) tool developed in LabVIEW. The parameters of FO-ANN of CLPC (FO-ANN-CLPC) are optimized using fractional order backpropagation (FO-BP) algorithm. The performance of FO-ANN-CLPC is tested and validated in transient conditions and the proposed model predicted the desired reactor power with minimizing error function. The robust performance of the proposed closed loop model is evaluated by dynamic simulation for a prescribed turbine load power increase transient from 20 % to 100 % and validated against reactor power and behaviour of various thermal hydraulics parameters are observed and analyzed.
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Казаков, Валерий, Valeriy Kazakov, Павел Казаков, and Pavel Kazakov. "Performance assessment of fluid power drive at stage of its design using evolutionary simulation." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 4 (2015): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17149.
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In a number of engineering problems in the development of automated systems arises a necessity in the computation and design of a fluid power drive (FPD) in conformity with particular technological schemes for which there are no finished industrial products or it is necessary to carry out a sufficiently exact correspondence of operating characteristics with specified engineering data. In this case one does not carry out the selection of standard elements for a fluid power drive, but performs their designing, where there were used modern approaches and methods of the computeraided design.
 As operation results show, a designed fluid power drive in most cases cannot possess required for system functioning dynamic properties: performance, capacity for a decrement, sensitivity and so on. According to the investigations, they depend in many respects upon such characteristics of a hydrosystem as static fluid of a hydrocylinder and piping, time constant of transient and damping coefficient.
 If we consider the process of FPD designing as a procedure of a parametric synthesis, then the research of its variants with different combinations of parameter values gives a possibility not only to choose geometrical dimensions for a unit, but to estimate its potential operational functionalities. 
 At present time as one of the effective approaches in the realization of such a solution may be the application of methods for the evolutionary simulation, where each object analyzed is considered as an individual.
 As an example of the evolutionary simulation there are considered the results of FPD servicing characteristics estimate computed on bases of design data for a forklift truck. The graphic dependences obtained establish the extreme correlations of hydraulic actuator operational characteristics which stipulate for a stable work of the fluid power drive in the transient behavior without special damping devices. Results of the evolutionary simulation allow analyzing the influence of parameters mentioned upon the damping coefficient changes and drawing a conclusion for decision making for the choice of such a design variant of a fluid power drive at which there would be ensured the best servicing characteristics of the plant.
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Ray, Asok, Min-Kuang Wu, Marc Carpino, and Carl F. Lorenzo. "Damage-Mitigating Control of Mechanical Systems: Part II—Formulation of an Optimal Policy and Simulation." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 116, no. 3 (1994): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899240.
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The objective of damage-mitigating control introduced in the first part of this two-part paper is to achieve high performance without overstraining the mechanical structures. The major benefit is an increase in the functional life of critical plant components along with enhanced safety, operational reliability, and availability. Specifically, a methodology for modeling fatigue damage has been developed as an augmentation to control and diagnostics of complex dynamic processes such as advanced aircraft, spacecraft, and power plants. In this paper which is the second part, an optimal control policy is formulated via nonlinear programming under specified constraints of the damage rate and accumulated damage. The results of simulation experiments for upthrust transient operations of a reusable rocket engine are presented to demonstrate efficacy of the damage-mitigating control concept.
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Yang, Chunlai, Xiaoguang Hao, Qijun Zhang, Heng Chen, Zhe Yin, and Fei Jin. "Performance Analysis of a 300 MW Coal-Fired Power Unit during the Transient Processes for Peak Shaving." Energies 16, no. 9 (2023): 3727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093727.
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A simulation model based on Dymola modelling was developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of automatic generation control (AGC) for variable-load thermal power units in this study. Specifically, a 300 MW unit from a power plant in northern China was used to verify the model’s validity in steady-state processes and to analyze the behavior of the main thermal parameters under different rates of load changes. The economic performance of the unit under different rates of load changes is also analyzed by combining the economic indexes of “two regulations” in the power grid. Results indicate that as the rate of load changes increases, boiler output, main steam temperature, reheat steam temperature, main steam pressure, and working temperatures of various equipment fluctuate more intensely. Specifically, at a rate of load reduction of 2.0% Pe MW/min, the maximum deviation of the main steam temperature can reach 7.6 °C, with the screen-type superheater experiencing the largest heat exchange. To achieve a balance between safety and economics for the unit, the rate of load raising should not exceed 1.2% Pe MW/min, and the rate of load reduction should not exceed 0.8% Pe MW/min. This paper applies the covariance index and AGC assessment index of the thermal power unit load control system to the established dynamic simulation model to supplement the AGC assessment index in the “two regulations”, and to provide a flexible and reasonable system evaluation result for field operators to refer to, so as to improve the economics of the system on the basis of safety.
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Adria, Agus, Ahmad Syuhada, Tarmizi Tarmizi, and Ira Devi Sara. "DFIG Model for Control Performance Analysis in Wind Power Plants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 927 (June 4, 2025): 61–65. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-wyqk8g.
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Studies on the operation of Wind Power Plants related to the role of the control system are still relatively limited. The role of the control system is very important in the power conversion of power plants. To determine the effect of the power converter control system on the DFIG model wind power plant, modeling of the PLTB with DFIG is needed as well as a control system that can be used for simulations on the network or electric power system. The research thus aims to produce a wind power generation model with a DFIG generator and its control system that can optimally regulate power conversion in operations connected to the electricity grid. Several stages were carried out in this research consisting of literature review, preparation of tools for simulation using MATLAB/Simulink, DFIG modeling with the derivation of applicable equations, model simplification, control design, simulation and analysis. At this research stage, the results obtained are part of the research stages, namely obtaining a simplified DFIG modeling. This simplified DFIG model was obtained after formulating the mathematical equations of the DFIG equivalent circuit, deriving equations for the DFIG transient model and arranging the DFIG model in state space form. Furthermore, by simplifying the shape of the state space, the relationship between the stator and rotor of the DFIG is obtained.
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Yuan, Shijie, Jintao Xu, Hao Yuan, Jinsheng Ku, and Zexin Liu. "Design and Testing of a Fully Automatic Aquatic Plant Combing Machine for Crab Farming." Machines 12, no. 9 (2024): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12090639.
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To meet the requirements of the crab growth environment regarding aquatic plant density and improve the efficiency of aquatic plant clearing, this paper shows the development process of a fully automatic aquatic plant combing machine for crab farming. It proposed the use of torsion spring hooks to replace traditional cutting blades to break tangled aquatic plants, reducing the length of aquatic plants in dense areas and thus controlling the density of aquatic plants in crab ponds. Through theoretical analysis and calculation of the torsion spring hooks, it was ensured that they could meet the design requirements, and transient dynamic simulation tests were conducted based on ANSYS. Finally, experimental verification was carried out. The performance test results of the torsion spring hooks showed that the torsion force generated within a certain torsion angle range could break the aquatic plant, and obstacles could be avoided through self-deformation. The water performance test results showed that the average clearing efficiency of the whole machine for aquatic plants was 4.92 mu/h, the missed clearing rate of aquatic plants was 0.44%, and the crab injury rate was 0.028%. The design of this machine can provide a reference for the development of aquatic plant harvesters for crab farming.
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Fantozzi, F., and U. Desideri. "Simulation of power plant transients with artificial neural networks: Application to an existing combined cycle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 212, no. 5 (1998): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095765099821200501.
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To maintain the high performance of gas-turbine-based combined cycles, transients must be properly taken into account in the design phase and efficiently monitored in the operational phase, because they are not negligible time intervals. The use of artificial intelligence techniques such as expert systems, fuzzy sets and neural networks (NNs), coupled with advanced measurement and monitoring devices, can provide a reliable and efficient monitoring system. An existing two-pressure-level combined cycle has been simulated by dividing its simplified model into blocks representative of the main elements. An NN is associated with each of these blocks. Once the training and testing of the NN are complete, using data from a simulator, the blocks are put either in a cascade arrangement or in a parallel arrangement, providing reliable systems that can predict the load-change transient behaviour of the entire plant. The parallel approach was then tested on data from the real plant. The excessive simplification introduced with the simulator required the addition of selected real cases to the training set that are able to fit the NN response to reality. The results obtained are encouraging for use in an on-line monitoring system which evaluates the difference between the measured data and the predicted data.
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Ho, Nang Xuan, Hoi Thi Dinh, and Nhu The Dau. "Numerical Study to Optimize the Operating Parameters of a Real-Sized Industrial-Scale Micron Air Classifier Used for Manufacturing Fine Quartz Powder and a Comparison with the Prototype Model." Processes 13, no. 1 (2025): 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13010106.
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In this study, we successfully captured and compared the gas−particle flow field in a real-sized industrial-scale micron air classifier and in a prototype. All simulation calculations were performed using high-performance computing (HPC) systems and 3D transient simulations with the TWC-RSM–DPM (Two-Way Coupling–Reynolds Stress Model–Discrete Phase Model) in ANSYS Fluent (version 2022 R2). The following objectives were achieved: (i) a comparison of the simulation results was made between a real-size industrial-scale micron air classifier and a prototype model (scaled-down model) to show the differences between them and highlight the necessity of a simulation study on a real-size industrial-scale model for optimization purposes; (ii) a detailed analysis of the effects of the multiple vortices inside both the main and secondary classification zones provided a deeper understanding of the classification mechanism of the real-sized industrial-scale micron air classifier; and (iii) on the basis of the classifier’s key performance indicators (KPIs: d50, K, η) and the constrained condition (i.e., the know-how particle size distribution curve (KHC) of quartz fine powder material of 0–45 µm) applied in manufacturing engineering stone, the relationship between the operating parameters and classification performance was addressed, and the optimal set of operating parameters for the production of quartz fine powder material (0–45 µm) was selected. The simulation results will be validated using experimental results at the Vicostone Plant, Phenikaa Group.
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Hu, Bo, Jiaxi Li, Shuang Li, and Jie Yang. "A Hybrid End-to-End Control Strategy Combining Dueling Deep Q-network and PID for Transient Boost Control of a Diesel Engine with Variable Geometry Turbocharger and Cooled EGR." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193739.
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Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which excels at solving a wide variety of Atari and board games, is an area of machine learning that combines the deep learning approach and reinforcement learning (RL). However, to the authors’ best knowledge, there seem to be few studies that apply the latest DRL algorithms on real-world powertrain control problems. If there are any, the requirement of classical model-free DRL algorithms typically for a large number of random exploration in order to realize good control performance makes it almost impossible to implement directly on a real plant. Unlike most of the other DRL studies, whose control strategies can only be trained in a simulation environment—especially when a control strategy has to be learned from scratch—in this study, a hybrid end-to-end control strategy combining one of the latest DRL approaches—i.e., a dueling deep Q-network and traditional Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) controller—is built, assuming no fidelity simulation model exists. Taking the boost control of a diesel engine with a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and cooled (exhaust gas recirculation) EGR as an example, under the common driving cycle, the integral absolute error (IAE) values with the proposed algorithm are improved by 20.66% and 9.7% respectively for the control performance and generality index, compared with a fine-tuned PID benchmark. In addition, the proposed method can also improve system adaptiveness by adding another redundant control module. This makes it attractive to real plant control problems whose simulation models do not exist, and whose environment may change over time.
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Brumana, Giovanni, Gatis Bazbauers, Giuseppe Franchini, Elisa Ghirardi, and Madara Rieksta. "Design and Performance Comparison of District Heating Systems in Milan and Riga." Environmental and Climate Technologies 28, no. 1 (2024): 614–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2024-0048.
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Abstract The work proposes a comparison between three heating configurations covering the demand of a new settlement: 1) centralized district heating system (DHC); 2) 5th generation district heating & cooling system (5GDHC) and 3) individual home heating and cooling (HHC) systems. Thermal and electrical loads are evaluated by transient simulations of a residential area with 80 buildings. The energy plants are based on different technologies: combined heat and power plants, gas-fired boilers, and domestic heat pumps. A transient numerical model has been developed for each solution. Every component is modelled according to performance maps provided by the manufacturers, allowing an accurate simulation in both design and off-design operating conditions. On an annual basis, the Latvian residential complex requires almost twice as much energy as the Milan one. The thermal losses in the district systems are 4.21 % in the Milan solution and 5.65 % in Riga. The district heating system coupled with a heat pump represents the best layout in terms of primary energy consumption in both locations, with energy savings of 50 % compared to other solutions. The use of 5GDHC is a good compromise that could increase the use of renewable energy. The adoption of a cogeneration plant is a good choice in the case of a centralized district system that allows the installation of high-efficiency genset. On the contrary, for small applications such as residential, the cogeneration results are expensive, and the conversion efficiency does not justify the installation.
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Huang, Qiu-Yun, Ai-Peng Jiang, Han-Yu Zhang, Jian Wang, Yu-Dong Xia, and Lu He. "Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of a Multistage Flash Desalination System." Processes 9, no. 3 (2021): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030522.
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As the leading thermal desalination method, multistage flash (MSF) desalination plays an important role in obtaining freshwater. Its dynamic modeling and dynamic performance prediction are quite important for the optimal control, real-time optimal operation, maintenance, and fault diagnosis of MSF plants. In this study, a detailed mathematical model of the MSF system, based on the first principle and its treatment strategy, was established to obtain transient performance change quickly. Firstly, the whole MSF system was divided into four parts, which are brine heat exchanger, flashing stage room, mixed and split modulate, and physical parameter modulate. Secondly, based on mass, energy, and momentum conservation laws, the dynamic correlation equations were formulated and then put together for a simultaneous solution. Next, with the established model, the performance of a brine-recirculation (BR)-MSF plant with 16-stage flash chambers was simulated and compared for validation. Finally, with the validated model and the simultaneous solution method, dynamic simulation and analysis were carried out to respond to the dynamic change of feed seawater temperature, feed seawater concentration, recycle stream mass flow rate, and steam temperature. The dynamic response curves of TBT (top brine temperature), BBT (bottom brine temperature), the temperature of flashing brine at previous stages, and distillate mass flow rate at previous stages were obtained, which specifically reflect the dynamic characteristics of the system. The presented dynamic model and its treatment can provide better analysis for the real-time optimal operation and control of the MSF system to achieve lower operational cost and more stable freshwater quality.
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Hai, Tao, Yao Liu, Jincheng Zhou, et al. "Transient performance simulation and technoeconomic assessment of a smart building energy plant driven by solar energy coupled to a reversible heat pump." Journal of Cleaner Production 405 (June 2023): 136946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136946.
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