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Journal articles on the topic 'CSTR'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Xu, Haixia, Wang Liu, Xiangxing Kuang, Jiang Zhao, Xiangwei Wang, and Benyi Li. "Expression profiles and clinical significance of cystatin family genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder." Bladder 12, no. 1 (2025): e21200035. https://doi.org/10.14440/bladder.2024.0057.

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Background: Cystatins, encoded by the CST gene family, are a superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors involved in a wide array of biological functions, including immune modulation and antimicrobial defense. Cystatin proteins are implicated in tumor progression through multiple mechanisms. However, their roles in bladder cancer remain poorly understood. Objective: This study examined the expression profiles of the cystatin family genes and analyzed their correlation with clinicopathological parameters using the Cancer Genome Atlas Bladder Cancer RNA-seq dataset. Methods: The RNAseq dataset d

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Fakhoury, Joseph N., Yifan Zhang, Katherine A. Edmonds, et al. "Functional asymmetry and chemical reactivity of CsoR family persulfide sensors." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 21 (2021): 12556–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1040.

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Abstract CstR is a persulfide-sensing member of the functionally diverse copper-sensitive operon repressor (CsoR) superfamily. While CstR regulates the bacterial response to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and more oxidized reactive sulfur species (RSS) in Gram-positive pathogens, other dithiol-containing CsoR proteins respond to host derived Cu(I) toxicity, sometimes in the same bacterial cytoplasm, but without regulatory crosstalk in cells. It is not clear what prevents this crosstalk, nor the extent to which RSS sensors exhibit specificity over other oxidants. Here, we report a sequence similarity n

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Azizan, Amizon, and Nornizar Anuar. "Simulating Trambouze reaction for a series reactor." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 3, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v3i1.10930.

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Simulating the existing data on Trambouze reaction is compiled in this article. The objective of the work is to present the change of volumetric flow rate and the inlet concentration of key reactant A in a series continuous stirred tank reactor-plug flow reactor (CSTR-PFR) configurations. The volumetric flow rate does not affect selectivity and conversion for a constant volumetric flow rate operating condition, entering CSTR and PFR, at a specific concentration of reactant. The CSTR-PFR series reactor configuration is proposed for the aim of maximizing the selectivity of the desired product B

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Sudha, T. "Analysis of Proportional Integral Derivative Controller Parameters for CSTR." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 16 (July 13, 2021): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2021.16.34.

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Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) plays a vital role and presents a various scope of researchers in the field of control and chemical engineering which exhibits of highly nonlinear behaviour and has wide operating ranges. Different control methods have been implemented on CSTR to control these parameters. Tragically, in the realcase, the behaviour of the CSTR is very different from that expected ideal CSTR which leads to the outcomes of the wrong product. However, it is a challenging task for every engineer to control the CSTR.PID controller has been proposed for adjust enhanced PID param

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Trishch, Vitaliy, Yurii Beznosyk, Gregory Yablonsky, and Denis Constales. "The phenomenon of conservative-perturbed equilibrium in conditions different reactors." Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2021.228137.

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Finding the optimal mode is a conceptual problem. The most important indicator that reflects the perfection of a chemical reactor is the intensity of the process in it. The phenomenon of conservatively perturbed-equilibrium (CPE) in the conditions of different types of reactors (in acyclic and cyclic systems) was studied: the ideal displacement reactor ("steady-state plug flow reactor, PFR") and the ideal mixing reactor ("steady-state continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR"). For the acyclic reaction, the time of extremum onset was less in CSTR by ≈2.1%, but the concentration of sub

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Jia, Xiao Yi, Yu Tian Lin, Hui Bin Lin, Ling Gao, Jian Qun Lin, and Jian Qiang Lin. "Mathematical Modeling of CSTR Bioreactor Control for Production of Recombinant Protein." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.311.

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Fermentation process using recombinant strain for production of recombinant protein is widely used in commercialization of the biotechnologies. The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a typical microbial cultivation method, has the major advantage of high productivity. Mathematical modeling and simulation is useful for analysis and optimization of the CSTR fermentation process. Most of the mathematical models developed for CSTR are black box models without information of the intracellular dynamics and regulations. In this research, a mathematical model is built based on gene regulation f

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Chang, Kil Sang, Jae Youn Kim, and Hyun-Ku Rhee. "Intricate CSTR dynamics." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 6, no. 2 (1989): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02697482.

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Sukphun, Prawat, Chaweewan Ponuansri, Worapong Wongarmat, Sureewan Sittijunda, Kanathip Promnuan, and Alissara Reungsang. "Advancing Energy Recovery from Sugarcane Leaf via Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion for Hydrogen and Methane Production: Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Sustainable Energy Production." Energies 16, no. 23 (2023): 7861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16237861.

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This study aims to enhance energy recovery from sugarcane leaf (SCL) through two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) for hydrogen and methane production. The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on this process was investigated. Optimal conditions established through batch experiments (5% total solids (TS) (w/v) and rice straw compost inoculum) were applied in semi-continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR-H2 and CSTR-CH4). Remarkably, the highest production rates were achieved with HRTs of 5 days for CSTR-H2 (60.1 mL-H2/L·d) and 25 days for CSTR-CH4 (238.6 mL-CH4/L·d). Microbiological analys

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Ulfa, Tasya, Nasrul ZA, Wiza Ulfa Fibarzi, Rizka Nurlaila, Raudhatul Ulfa, and Leni Maulinda. "PEMODELAN PROSES PRODUKSI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI HYSYS." Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS) 4, no. 2 (2024): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/cejs.v4i2.14892.

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Kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak bumi terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsumsi energi dunia. Namun peningkatan tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan pasokan minyak bumi yang memadai. Hal ini dikarenakan minyak bumi merupakan bahan bakar yang tidak terbarukan karena proses pembentukannya memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Dibutuhkan sumber energi alternatif seperti biodiesel. Salah satu perangkat yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan simulasi proses dalam produksi biodiesel adalah software HYSYS. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya menggunakan reactive distillation, yang belum dipe

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Zakaria, Siti Aminah, Mohd Jufri Zakaria, and Mohd Kamaruddin Abd Hamid. "Sustainable Integrated Process Design and Control for a Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.466.

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The objective of this paper is to highlight the use of a two-dimensional (2D) sustainability index in performing a sustainable integrated process design and control (Sustain-IPDC) for a continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system. Sustain-IPDC for a CSTR system is formulated as a mathematical programming problem and solved by decomposing it into six sequential hierarchical sub-problems: (i) pre-analysis, (ii) design analysis, (iii) controller design analysis, (iv) sustainability analysis, (v) detailed economic analysis, and (vi) final selection and verification. The proposed methodology is a

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S., Pream Anand, Manamalli D., Vasanthi D., Mythily M., and Naveen N. E. "Optimization of Performance Attributes Using RTDA Controller for Dual CSTR." Journal of Cognitive Human-Computer Interaction 5, no. 1 (2023): 08–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jchci.050101.

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The abstract of this work is to design an alternative control scheme – RTD-A, that combines the simplicity of PID controller with technical – brilliance of MPC controller by avoiding the tuning problems associated with both, for a highly used industrial process, Dual CSTR. Continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), is a standard process used in chemical industriesengineering and environmental engineering. Cascading two CSTRs will lead to decrease in cost and volume when compared to single CSTR. In the proposed work, the temperature control of coupled CSTR is attempted by implementing PID, adaptiv

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BOUMEGOURA, Rami, Riad BENDIB, and Kamel MENIGHED. "Advanced Control Strategies for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors:." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 9, no. 3 (2024): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v9i3.226.

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This paper investigates the control of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), with a primary emphasis on achieving temperature stability and optimizing reactant conversion. The CSTR poses challenges due to its nonlinear and exothermic behavior. To address these challenges, Model Predictive Control (MPC) is employed, a powerful strategy for handling complex systems. Additionally, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is introduced to fine-tune MPC parameters, ensuring optimal performance. By integrating PSO with MPC, this study enhances control capabilities, specifically targeting the intricate

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Chukwuemeka, Peter. "Reactors functional parameters for sodium benzoate production: A comparative study." Chemistry International 5, no. 2 (2019): 143–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1487997.

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The various process performances of the Batch Reactor, Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) and Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) for the production of sodium benzoate from the reaction of sodium hydroxide and benzoic acid were investigated. The performance equations for the operation of Batch reactor, CSTR and PFR were developed for the analysis of the reactor’s functional dimensions and parameters. The analysis of the reactor’s functional parameters was performed at molar ratio of benzoic acid to sodium hydroxide of 1.5 to 3.0 at intervals of 0.5 and at the same reactor operating conditi

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Caneba, G. T., and Barbara Densch. "Intermittency in nonisothermal CSTR." AIChE Journal 34, no. 2 (1988): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340219.

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Toson, Peter, Pankaj Doshi, and Dalibor Jajcevic. "Explicit Residence Time Distribution of a Generalised Cascade of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors for a Description of Short Recirculation Time (Bypassing)." Processes 7, no. 9 (2019): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090615.

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The tanks-in-series model (TIS) is a popular model to describe the residence time distribution (RTD) of non-ideal continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) with limited back-mixing. In this work, the TIS model was generalised to a cascade of n CSTRs with non-integer non-negative n. The resulting model describes non-ideal back-mixing with n > 1. However, the most interesting feature of the n-CSTR model is the ability to describe short recirculation times (bypassing) with n < 1 without the need of complex reactor networks. The n-CSTR model is the only model that connects the three fundame

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Delevich, Kristen, Nana J. Okada, Ameet Rahane, Zicheng Zhang, Christopher D. Hall, and Linda Wilbrecht. "Sex and Pubertal Status Influence Dendritic Spine Density on Frontal Corticostriatal Projection Neurons in Mice." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 6 (2020): 3543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz325.

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Abstract In humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents, the frontal cortices exhibit grey matter thinning and dendritic spine pruning that extends into adolescence. This maturation is believed to support higher cognition but may also confer psychiatric vulnerability during adolescence. Currently, little is known about how specific cell types in the frontal cortex mature or whether puberty plays a role in the maturation of some cell types but not others. Here, we used mice to characterize the spatial topography and adolescent development of cross-corticostriatal (cSTR) neurons that project through

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Yang, Chane-Yuan, Yu-Shu Chien, Jun-Hong Chou, Hsing-Ya Li, and Chau Wei Hsieh. "Application of Cholette’s model in non-ideal mixing CSTR: a simulation study on dynamic behavior." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 19, no. 4 (2021): 341–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2020-0197.

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Abstract Non-ideal mixing phenomena are widely found in industrial chemical reactors. In this work we derived the bifurcation formulas for a non-adiabatic CSTR with an irreversible exothermic first order reaction with the non-ideal mixing effect. This is investigated via dynamic behavior simulations based on Chollete’s model. The results show that the non-ideal mixing parameter n (the fraction of the feed entering the perfect mixing zone) determines the variation between six classified regions and dominates the dynamic behavior patterns in the steady-state response diagram. On the other hand,

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Yan, J., and Y. Y. Hu. "Comparison of partial nitrification to nitrite for ammonium-rich organic wastewater in sequencing batch reactors and continuous stirred-tank reactor at laboratory-scale." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 11 (2009): 2861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.719.

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The combined partial nitrification/Anammox process is especially suitable for the treatment of influents with low C/N ratio. However, many nitrogenous wastewater are also rich in organics. Two systems (continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR)) are commonly used to achieve nitrite accumulation, but no complete comparison between these two systems for treating different wastewater has been reported. The objective of this paper was to compare the partial nitrification in CSTR and SBR for the treatment of ammonium-rich organic wastewater. The result showed that it

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Minero, Claudio, Andrea Bedini, and Marco Minella. "On the Standardization of the Photocatalytic Gas/Solid Tests." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 11, no. 2 (2013): 717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2012-0045.

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Abstract The central problem for standardization of photocatalytic efficiency of whatever substrate on an illuminated catalyst is the rate evaluation. For gas/solid experiments different reactors, like batch or flow-through either continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) or plug flow reactor (PFR), could be envisaged. The basic equations governing these reactors and the rate expression for them are presented here. Experiments show that a CSTR configuration presents a lot of advantages for practical use, as any volume, any shape of catalyst and any flow of gas into the reactor can possibly be use

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Ariyanto, Eko, Eka Sri Yusmartini, Robiah Robiah, and Feby Ardianto. "Simulation Study of Propylene Glycol Formation from Propylene Oxide and Water: Effect of Reactor Type, Reactant Ratio, Temperature, and Reactor Configuration." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2024): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v9.i1.26.

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This study investigates the effect of reactor type, reactor configuration, reactor temperature, and reactant ratio on the formation of propylene glycol from propylene oxide and water using HYSY Simulation Software. The reactor types studied were Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR) and Plug Flow Reactors (PFR). The effect of the reactant ratio was investigated by varying the mole ratio of propylene oxide to water. The effect of temperature was studied by varying the reaction temperature from 24 to 40°C. The HYSYS simulation results showed that the PFR resulted in the highest conversion comp

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Manning, John, and Jennifer Yentes. "THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF BRAIN CONNECTIVITY ON DUAL-TASK PERFORMANCE: A PILOT STUDY." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 1169. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.3746.

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Abstract Neural connections between the prefrontal cortex and the striatum, known as cortico-striatal (CSTR) connections, are important in both cognitive tasks and gait. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of CSTR resting-state functional connectivity in the relationship between dual-tasking and gait in older adults. We made two primary hypotheses: 1) set shifting dual-task would exert a significant direct effect on gait measures and 2) task would exert a significant indirect effect on gait through CSTR functional connectivity. Five older adults completed a set shif

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Zhang, Wenzhi, Gunangchun Liu, Laizhong Ding, Menghao Du, and Sen Yang. "Analysis and Research on Temporal and Spatial Variation of Color Steel Tile Roof of Munyaka Region in Kenya, Africa." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 14886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214886.

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In Africa, the distribution of color steel tile roof (CSTR) can reflect the living standard of residents, and the analysis of its temporal and spatial changes can reflect the local changes in local living conditions. It is helpful to analyze the change of the local economic level. By using the satellite remote sensing image processing method to obtain the temporal and spatial change characteristics of CSTR and to analyze the changes in residents’ living conditions in Munyaka, Eldoret, Kenya, Africa, the model of multifeature decision tree method (DTM) extraction was established. The Normalized

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Sharma, Ayush, Miroslav Fikar, and Monika Bakošová. "Comparative study of Time Optimal Controller with PID Controller for a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor." Acta Chimica Slovaca 8, no. 1 (2015): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2015-0006.

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Abstract Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is the productive part in different chemical and process industries, and hence there is a need to control this process at desired optimum conditions of temperature and concentration. This paper deals with modelling and constrained control of a CSTR that minimises the processing time. Modelling consisted in performing the mass and heat balances of the CSTR system. Different controllers (time optimal, PID) were then applied to this non-linear system and compared within the boundaries of the control input and states. A theoretical case study was sol

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Li, Yong Feng, Zhan Qing Wang, Wei Han, and Xin Yu Pan. "Biohydrogen Production from Molasses Wastewater Used Mixed Culture Fermentation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2925.

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Hydrogen production from molasses wastewater was investigated in continuously-stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The CSTR was operated at an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 hours and the temperature at 35°C. The highest gas production of 25.39 L/d using mixed culture fermentation, corresponding to a peak hydrogen production volume of 11.39 L/d were achieved in the CSTR reactor. While the variation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 5500 to 8000 mg/L, the soluble end product system underwent a transition of fermentation type and the reactor gave ﬂuctuating and increasing of ORP. These ex

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Gonawan, Fadzil Noor, and Azlina Harun Kamaruddin. "Conceptual Study of Transesterification of Vegetable Oils in the Continuous-Stirred-Tank Reactor at Unsteady-State and Isothermal Conditions." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 2 (2021): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n2.2006.

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The continuous-stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) is favorable for bi-phasic enzymatic reaction due to ease of operation, cost-effective and low downtime. Lack of study on the enzymatic reaction in the CSTR has disfavor this type of reactor compared to batch and packed bed. Presently, a simulation was carried out to simulate the behavior of the lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel by using CSTR at isothermal conditions. The mathematical model incorporated the effect of the kinetic, thermal, and operating parameters. The parameters such as Michaelis constant (Km), inhibition constant (Ki), Gibbs i

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von Sperling, M. "Relationship between first-order decay coefficients in ponds, for plug flow, CSTR and dispersed flow regimes." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 1 (2002): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0003.

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Adequate consideration of the hydraulic regime of a pond is essential in the analysis of BOD and coliform removal, and considerable divergence exists in the literature when reporting removal coefficients. This paper aims at integrating the existing approaches, by quantifying the relationship between the first-order removal coefficients K from the three main hydraulic regimes (CSTR, plug flow and dispersed flow) adopted in the design and performance evaluation of ponds. Based on theoretical considerations and statistical regression analyses, the relationship between the K values is investigated

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Anbu, S., and M. Senthilkumar. "Modelling and Analysis of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor through Simulation." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 7, no. 1 (2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.1.970.

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A Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) finds its application in many chemical and petrochemical process industries. CSTRs exhibit reasonably high non-linear behaviour. CSTRs are open systems, where thematerial is free to enter or exit the system, which operates on a steady-state basis, where the conditions in the reactor don’t change with time. The reactants are continuously introduced into the reactor, while products are continuously removed.CSTRs are very well mixed, so the contents have relatively uniform properties such as temperature, density, etc. throughout. Further, the majority of c

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Wehinger, Gregor D., Bjarne Kreitz, and C. Franklin Goldsmith. "Non-Idealities in Lab-Scale Kinetic Testing: A Theoretical Study of a Modular Temkin Reactor." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (2022): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030349.

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The Temkin reactor can be applied for industrial relevant catalyst testing with unmodified catalyst particles. It was assumed in the literature that this reactor behaves as a cascade of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR). However, this assumption was based only on outlet gas composition or inert residence time distribution measurements. The present work theoretically investigates the catalytic CO2 methanation as a test case on different catalyst geometries, a sphere, and a ring, inside a single Temkin reaction chamber under isothermal conditions. Axial gas-phase species profiles from de

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Freitas, Daiane Cristina de, Fernando Hermes Passig, Cristiane Kreutz, Karina Querne de Carvalho, Eudes José Arantes, and Simone Damasceno Gomes. "Effect of hydraulic retention time on hydrodynamic behavior of anaerobic-aerobic fixed bed reactor treating cattle slaughterhouse effluent." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 39, no. 4 (2017): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v39i4.30995.

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The study of the hydrodynamic behavior in reactors provides characteristics of the flow regime and its anomalies that can reduce biological processes efficiency due to the decrease of the useful volume and the hydraulic retention time required for the performance of microbial activity. In this study, the hydrodynamic behavior of an anaerobic-aerobic fixed bed reactor, operated with HRT (hydraulic retention time) of 24, 18 and 12 hours, was evaluated in the treatment of raw cattle slaughterhouse wastewater. Polyurethane foam and expanded clay were used as support media for biomass immobilizatio

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Rosyadi, Erlan, Nurdiah Rahmawati, Astri Pertiwi, et al. "Evaluasi PLT Biogas Terantam Covered Lagoon (CAL) 700 Kw Untuk Pengembangan PLT Biogas Tipe CSTR." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 13, no. 3 (2020): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v13i3.3844.

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Production of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is increasing from year to year and is predicted to reach 41.6 million tons per year in 2018. Each ton of CPO will produce 3,28 m3 of POME during the production process. Improper handling of POME, besides causing soil pollution and flying, will release methane gas that categorized as GHG. BPPT cooperate Â with PTPN V utilized POME to produce biogas and then be converted into electricity in a Biogas Power Plant (PLTBg) in Terantam with a design capacity of 700 kW. The reactor used is a closed Anaerobic Lagoon (CAL) reactor equipped with a recirculation pump. F

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Kim, S. H., S. K. Han, and H. S. Shin. "Performance comparison of a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor and an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor for fermentative hydrogen production depending on substrate concentration." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (2005): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0675.

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This study was conducted to compare the performance of a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for fermentative hydrogen production at various substrate concentrations. Heat-treated anaerobic sludge was utilized as an inoculum, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) for each reactor was maintained at 12h. At the influent sucrose concentration of 5g COD/L, start-up was not successful in both reactors. The CSTR, which was started-up at 10g COD/L, showed stable hydrogen production at the influent sucrose concentrations of 10–60g COD/L during 203

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Lee, S. H., J. H. Ko, K. M. Poo, T. H. Lee, H. J. Woo, and C. W. Kim. "Practical approach to parameter estimation for ASM3+bio-P module applied to five-stage step-feed EBPR process." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 1 (2006): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.016.

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Various parameter optimization approaches to a five-stage step-feed EBPR process modeled using the ASM3+bio-P module were examined. Five stoichiometric (YSTO,NO, YH,O2, YH,NO, YPAO,O2, YPO4) and seven kinetic parameters (kSTO, ηNO, bH, μmax,PAO, qPHA, qPP, μmax,A) were estimated. The optimization approaches could be classified based on the data sources (batch experiments or CSTR operation data) and the number of target variables used in calculating the objective function. Optimized parameter values obtained by each approach were validated with CSTR operation data that were not used for paramet

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Anbu, S. "Multiloop Control of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Using Biggest Log Modulus Method." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 5, no. 2 (2016): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2016.5.2.1977.

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A majority of the chemical processes are naturally a Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) system because of the existence of many loops where the interactions between the loops are high. In a Single Input Single Output (SISO) control, the primary objective is to maintain only one variable nearer to its set point, though several measured variables are involved. In contrast to SISO system, the MIMO control involves maintaining several controlled variables at their relevant setpoints simultaneously, Cha et al. (2002). For controlling MIMO systems, a single loop tuned controller design procedure cannot

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Wosu, C.O. "Performance Evaluation of Flow Digesters Design for Optimum Production of Biogas from the Decomposition of Glucose." Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 9, no. 2 (2024): 720–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14566099.

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<em>In a quest to reduce the high reliance on the traditional non-renewable energy source (oil, coal and gas), which poses great environmental, social and human costs, this research is geared towards ensuring that energy of the future must be regenerative (renewable) and sustainable for global economic advancement. The research considered the performance evaluation of flow digesters design that is, the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and plug flow reactor (PFR) for optimum production of biogas from anaerobic decomposition of glucose. The design models were obtained from the application

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Zhu, Wen Kui, Dong Liu, and Jin Song Du. "The Mixing Characteristics and Residence Time Distribution of Cut Tobacco Particles in Drum Mixer." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.297.

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Residence time distributions were determined for the continuous processing of cut tobacco in the rotary drum by introducing expanded cut tobacco tracers to the inlet of the processing system using the negative step change method. Effects of rotating speed of the rotary cylinder and solids flow rate on the mixing homogenization and residence time distribution (RTD) of experiment materials was investigated. PER-CSTR series model and multistage CSTR model were used to fit the experimental results. The result shows mixing homogenization increased significantly with the increasing feeding rate of c

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Chemburkar, R. M., M. Morbidelli, and A. Varma. "Parametric sensitivity of a CSTR." Chemical Engineering Science 41, no. 6 (1986): 1647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(86)85243-5.

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Gol'dstein, Vladimir, Vadim Panfilov, and Isaac Shreiber. "Mediating operation of heterogeneous CSTR." AIChE Journal 42, no. 8 (1996): 2273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420815.

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Li, Yan-Ni, Hao Song, Zun-Sheng Cai, et al. "New chaotic behavior and its effective control in BelousovZhabotinsky reaction." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 1 (2001): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-166.

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A new "spiral-in-to-spiral-out" mixed-mode type chaos of the BelousovZhabotinsky (BZ) reaction in a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is observed. We discussed its evolution and characterization in detail. We controlled the new chaos into steady periodic behavior by two control methods: (i) a self-adaptive delayed feedback controlling scheme; and (ii) a linear self-interacting feedback controlling scheme.Key words: BZ-CSTR reaction, chaos, control.

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Z.A, Nasrul, Yonita Putri Roja, and Novi Sylvia. "Aplikasi Kontrol PID pada Reaktor Pabrik Asam Formiat dengan Kapasitas 100.000 Ton/Tahun." Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal 7, no. 2 (2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v7i2.1253.

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Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) atau Reaktor Alir Tangki Berpengaduk(RATB) merupakan salah satu jenis reaktor yang umumnya berbentuk bejana danbekerja secara kontinyu. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) banyakdigunakan untuk reaksi-reaksi homogen fase cair tanpa katalis maupun dengankatalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan respon terbaik kontrol PIDdengan menggunakan metode trial and error pada nilai Kc, Ti, dan Td. Metodetrial and error adalah adalah metode mencari nilai parameter dengan caramencoba-coba suatu nilai tertentu sebagai parameter sampai didapat sebuahperform

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Zeng, Yinjin, Weibin Xu, Han Wang, Dan Zhao, and Hui Ding. "Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Efficiency and Denitrification Kinetics of Different Substrates in Constructed Wetland." Water 14, no. 11 (2022): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111757.

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are generally used for wastewater treatment and removing nitrogen and phosphorus. However, the treatment efficiency of CWs is limited due to the poor performance of various substrates. To find appropriate substrates of CWs for micro-polluted water treatment, zeolite, quartz sand, bio-ceramsite, porous filter, and palygorskite self-assembled composite material (PSM) were used as filtering media to treat slightly polluted water with the aid of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria. PSM exhibited the most remarkable nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance among these su

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Naikwad, S. N., and S. V. Dudul. "Identification of a Typical CSTR Using Optimal Focused Time Lagged Recurrent Neural Network Model with Gamma Memory Filter." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/385757.

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A focused time lagged recurrent neural network (FTLR NN) with gamma memory filter is designed to learn the subtle complex dynamics of a typical CSTR process. Continuous stirred tank reactor exhibits complex nonlinear operations where reaction is exothermic. It is noticed from literature review that process control of CSTR using neuro-fuzzy systems was attempted by many, but optimal neural network model for identification of CSTR process is not yet available. As CSTR process includes temporal relationship in the input-output mappings, time lagged recurrent neural network is particularly used fo

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Garcia, Victoria, Rodrigo Modesto Gadelha Gontijo, and Andréa Vidal Ferreira. "Disciplinas de Proteção Radiológica e Medicina Nuclear dos cursos federais brasileiros de graduação em Tecnologia em Radiologia." Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences 12, no. 4 (2024): e2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2501.

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No Brasil, os cursos de graduação em Tecnologia em Radiologia (CSTR) vem ganhando espaço como formação acadêmica, exigindo aprimoramento do currículo das instituições de ensino. No ano de 2000, o país contava com cinco CSTR ativos e em 2023 esse número aumentou para duzentos e treze. Em cenário semelhante, a Medicina Nuclear (MN) brasileira vem se expandindo fortemente, exigindo formação qualificada de profissionais para gerenciar processos de trabalho e cumprir as normas e princípios de Proteção Radiológica (PR). Este trabalho analisou os planos de disciplinas do CSTR de instituições de ensin

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Li, Dongjuan, Dongxing Wang, and Ying Gao. "Adaptive Neural Control and Modeling for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor with Delays and Full State Constraints." Complexity 2021 (October 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9948044.

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In this paper, an adaptive neural network control method is described to stabilize a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) subject to unknown time-varying delays and full state constraints. The unknown time delay and state constraints problem of the concentration in the reactor seriously affect the input-output ratio and stability of the entire system. Therefore, the design difficulty of this control scheme is how to debar the effect of time delay in CSTR systems. To deal with time-varying delays, Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals (LKFs) are utilized in the adaptive controller design. The conve

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Liu, Rufei, Weijie Fan, and Xiujin Li. "The methane production and microbial characteristics of corn stalk anaerobic digestion under different start-up strategy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2969, no. 1 (2025): 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2969/1/012006.

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Abstract The start-up of large biogas projects required a large number of inoculum, which need high cost and long time. This study investigated three methods on starting the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) of corn stalk. The methods used domesticated cow dung as inoculum and the feeding frequency included every 2 d (T2), every 4 d (T4), and every 8 d (T8). The results shown that the CSTR reactor of corn stalk could be started successfully under three different starting methods. Among them, T4 achieved the highest cumulative methane production with 66.93L, which was 11.86% and 36.15% hig

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Trnka, Otakar, and Miloslav Hartman. "On the Influence of Fluctuating Flow Rate Upon the Performance and Behaviour of Isothermal Reacting Systems." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 63, no. 6 (1998): 881–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19980881.

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Three simple computational techniques are proposed and employed to demonstrate the effect of fluctuating flow rate of feed on the behaviour and performance of an isothermal, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A fluidized bed reactor (FBR), in which a non-catalytic gas-solid reaction occurs, is also considered. The influence of amplitude and frequency of gas flow rate fluctuations on reactant concentrations at the exit of the CSTR is shown in four different situations.

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Wosu, C. O., O. Anisa, and F. O. Nelson. "Comparative design of flow reactors for the production of 100,000 tons per year of cumene from the catalytic alkylation of propylene and benzene." LAUTECH Journal of Engineering and Technology 19, no. 1 (2025): 142–53. https://doi.org/10.36108/laujet/5202.91.0131.

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This research is driven by the need to ensure effective, economic and sustainable processes for cumene production from the catalytic alkylation of propylene and benzene in flow reactors. The flow reactors are the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and the plug flow reactor (PFR) where the alkylation reaction occurred. The reactors were designed by exploring the conservation principle of mass and energy over the reactors. The performance model of the reactors were simulated using MATLAB at the same initial feed and operating temperature of 481.1k and 483k with fractional conversion changes

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Shu, Zhan, Hong Chen, Xue Ying Di, and Yong Feng Li. "The Operation Characteristics of Biohydrogen Production in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor with Molasses." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.613.

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The feasibility and operation characteristics of anaerobic fermentation biohydrogen production in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were investigated for treating molasses wastewater. The research indicates that the reactor has the capacity of continuously producing hydrogen in an initial biomass (as volatile suspension solids) of 17.74 g/L, temperature of (35±1) °C, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h, and the reactor can start up the ethanol-type fermentation in 12 days and realize stable hydrogen production. Furthermore, the CSTR reactor enjoys a favorable stability even with an or

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Hu, Yong, Haiyuan Ma, Jiang Wu, Takuro Kobayashi, and Kai-Qin Xu. "Performance Comparison of CSTR and CSFBR in Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste with Grease Trap Waste." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 8929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238929.

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In this study, a newly established bench-scale thermophilic continuously stirred fluidized bed reactor (CSFBR) was applied for anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) with grease trap waste (GTW). The performance of CSFBR regarding stability and treatment efficiency was inspected through a laboratory contrast experiment with two traditional continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). In the OLR range of 3.19–7.41 g COD/L/d, the methane production rate of the thermophilic CSFBR was about as high as that of the thermophilic CSTR. Nevertheless, the thermophilic CSFBR had much lower VFAs (<1000

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Li, Shi, Xi Ju Zong, and Yan Hu. "Model Predictive Control of Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 1000–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.1000.

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This paper is concerns with the study of model predictive control of continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). Firstly, a nonlinear mechanical model is established for a typical CSTR. Based on mass balance and energy balance, a set of ordinary differential equations are derived. Then, the model is linearized at steady-state point to obtain state space model, which is used in model predictive control (MPC). Finally, MPC strategy is applied, controller parameters and process constrains are discussed.

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Lianawati, Maya, Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto, Meli Fiandini, and Risti Ragadhita. "RANCANGAN CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR UNTUK SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL WO3." JEDCHEM (JOURNAL EDUCATION AND CHEMISTRY) 5, no. 1 (2023): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.36378/jedchem.v5i1.2793.

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This research aim to develop a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in the meant to produce WO3 nanoparticles. A manual calculations was done using Microsoft Excel. The result obtained CSTR with a tank designed with volume 1301.14 m3 volume, height 1.26 m, and 1.19 designed hydrostatic pressure. The reactor also equipped with 1 stirrer with length 0.23 m and width 0.18 m. This study expected to be useful reference for production of WO3 nanoparticles in industrial scale.

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