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1
Shibata, Shobu, and Kazuo Mori. "Effect of radiation therapy on extracerebral cavernous hemangioma in the middle fossa." Journal of Neurosurgery 67, no. 6 (December 1987): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.6.0919.
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✓ Intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas are relatively easy to remove surgically, but extracerebral cavernous hemangiomas attached to the cavernous sinus are extremely difficult to treat. The authors report three cases of extracerebral cavernous hemangioma in the middle fossa that were treated with radiotherapy. The follow-up studies with serial computerized tomography (CT) scans during and after irradiation are described. In Case 1 radiotherapy after partial removal of the tumor decreased the tumor size on the contrast-enhanced CT scans, reduced its Hounsfield units on the nonenhanced CT scans, and facilitated later total tumor removal. In Case 2 the tumor responded to irradiation with approximately 3000 rads, showing significant reduction in size and Hounsfield units of the tumor. Subtotal removal was then possible. In Case 3 the tumor responded to irradiation, and the patient's vertigo improved after delivery of approximately 3000 rads. The CT scan showed significant reduction in the size and Hounsfield units of the tumor. No surgical intervention was deemed necessary. It is concluded that, in cases of extracerebral cavernous hemangioma with massive hemorrhage, irradiation with up to 3000 rads may be the treatment of choice. Radiation therapy offers an increased probability of total removal of the tumor and the possibility of eliminating surgery.
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Primachenko, V. V., K. I. Kushchenko, Yu A. Krakhmal, and Yu Ye Mishnyova. "Research of the plastic strength of alumina mass for molding corundum ceramics by extrusion depending on them humidity." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 118 (July 11, 2018): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.118.09.
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One of the characteristics that makes it possible to evaluate the plasticity and formability of ceramic masses is the plastic strength of structure — the ultimate shear stress that the plastic mass can withstand under static stress. The dependence researches of the plastic strength of alumina masses from alumina MARTOXID and CT 3000 brands on a flour binder on their humidity and keeping time were carried out. The determination of the plastic strength of the masses was carried out on a KP-3 conical plastometer, for which purpose a cone with an apex angle of 30о was used (mass of the cone together with rod is 0.8056 kg). The optimum humidity of alumina masses for the molding of corundum ceramics by extrusion from alumina MARTOXID brand is 19 % and from alumina CT 3000 brand is 20 % were established. In depending on technological needs and capabilities were set that, the keeping time of alumina masses with the optimum humidity can be 1—7 days. The samples of corundum ceramics received by extrusion from the alumina mass of alumina MARTOXID and CT 3000 brands with optimum humidity after firing at 1580 оC are characterized by low open porosity and correspond to high refractories corundum high-density products requirements (open porosity no more 0.8 %).
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Bulut, Mehmet, Aylin Yaman, Muhammet Kazim Erol, Fatma Kurtuluş, Devrim Toslak, Berna Doğan, Deniz Turgut Çoban, and Ebru Kaya Başar. "Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Type Dementia." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7291257.
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Aim. To asses both choroidal thickness differences among Alzheimer’s type dementia (ATD) patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy control (C) subjects and choroidal thickness relationships with cognitive performance.Methods. A total of 246 eyes of 123 people (41 ATD, 38 MCI, and 44 healthy C subjects) were included in this study. Complete ophthalmological and neurological examination was performed in all subjects. Choroidal thicknesses (CT) were measured at seven locations: the fovea, 500-1500-3000 μm temporal and 500-1500-3000 μm nasal to the fovea by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Detailed neurological examination including mini mental state examination (MMSE) test which evaluates the cognitive function was applied to all participants.Results. The ages and genders of all participants were similar in all groups. Compared with healthy C subjects, the CT measurements at all regions were significantly thinner both in patients with ATD and in patients with MCI than in healthy C subjects (p<0.05). The MMSE scores were significantly different among ATD patients, MCI patients, and healthy C subjects. They were19.3±1.8,24.8±0.9, and27.6±1.2in ATD, MCI, and healthy controls, respectively (p<0.001). There were also significant correlation between MMSE score and choroidal thickness at each location (p<0.05).Conclusions. CT was reduced in ATD patients and MCI patients. Since vascular structures were affected in ATD patients and MCI patients, they had thin CT. Besides CT was correlated with degree of cognitive impairment. Therefore CT may be a new biomarker in diagnosis and follow-up of MCI and ATD patients.
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Saleh, Ahmed, Jillian Gruber, Wajeeh Bakhsh, Paul T. Rubery, and Addisu Mesfin. "How Common is the Ponticulus Posticus? A CT-Based Analysis of 3000 Patients." Spine Journal 16, no. 10 (October 2016): S344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.07.276.
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Yu, Nan, Yadi Zhang, Lei Kang, Ying Gao, Junqing Zhang, and Yuan Wu. "Analysis in Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of Ophthalmology 2018 (December 23, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3529395.
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Objectives. The objective of the study is to observe changes in choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. The right eyes of 36 patients (27 females and 9 males) with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and those of 36 age-, gender-, and diopter-level-matched healthy participants were evaluated. The patients’ data were obtained within 3 months after the onset of Graves’ disease (GD). Thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) levels were measured, and the degree of exophthalmos was measured in all patients. Activity is measured by the clinical activity score (CAS). A horizontal scan centered on the fovea was performed in all participants. Five points of choroidal thickness were measured at the fovea (SFCT) and at 1500 μm nasal (N1500), 3000 μm nasal (N3000), 1500 μm temporal (T1500), and 3000 μm temporal (T3000) to the fovea. Results. The CT measurements obtained were (mean ± SD) 313.47 ± 100.32 μm, 279.22 ± 85.80 μm, 214.64 ± 75.52 μm, 313.19 ± 80.36 μm, and 298.14 ± 82.75 μm in patients with GO and were 256.33 ± 50.18 μm, 223.14 ± 59.61 μm, 176.69 ± 60.66 μm, 250.92 ± 52.184 μm, and 239.47 ± 60.35 μm in the control group at the foveal, N1500, N3000, T1500, and T3000 measurement points, respectively. The CT in GO patients was significantly increased at all the points compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was no relationship between the CT and CAS, the degree of exophthalmos, triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or TRAb levels in GO. Conclusions. CT was found to be increased in GO patients and had poor relationship with CAS, exophthalmos, and thyroid function tests.
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Matsunaga, Yuta, Yuya Kondo, Kenichi Kobayashi, Masanao Kobayashi, Kazuyuki Minami, Shoichi Suzuki, Koichi Chida, and Yasuki Asada. "VOLUME CT DOSE INDEX AND DOSE-LENGTH PRODUCT VALUES ACCORDING TO FACILITY SIZE IN JAPAN." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 188, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz284.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate differences in volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) values according to facility size in Japan. A questionnaire survey was sent to 3000 facilities throughout Japan. Data from each facility were collected including bed number, computed tomography (CT) scan parameters employed and the CTDIvol and/or DLP values displayed on the CT scanner during each examination. The CTDIvol and DLP for 11 adult and 6 paediatric CT examinations were surveyed. Comparison of CTDIvol and DLP values of each examination according to facility size revealed key differences in CT dose between small and large facilities. This study highlights the importance of lowering the dose of coronary artery examination with contrast agent in smaller facilities and of lowering the dose of adult and paediatric head CT without contrast agent in larger facilities. The results of this study are valid in Japan.
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Cartolari, R. "Functional Evaluation of the Lumbar Spine with Axial Loaded Computed Tomography (AL-CT) and Cine AL-CT." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 10, no. 5 (October 1997): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099701000514.
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This study reports a personal experience in the functional study of the lumbar spine with original diagnostic techniques called Axial Loaded Computed Tomography (AL-CT) and Cine AL-CT, based on the use of the Axial Loader, a device that develops a variable and reproducible axial load in a supine patient during computed tomography or magnetic resonance investigation3,4. We built a non ferromagnetic, X-ray transparent bed (the Axial Loader), with double blocking rests for shoulders and feet, that can be used during CT and MR spine studies. The inferior block is a platform that moves continuously in a longitudinal direction, with a micrometric mechanism. A dynamometer placed between the inferior platform and the patient's feet can measure the load applied. We studied 75 patients, with a clinical and diagnostic suspicion of lumbar spine instability. The examinations were performed on a conventional CT unit (GE Sytec 3000, General Electric, Milwaukee) with a “volumetric” approach to the lumbar spine. In conclusion, AL-CT and Cine AL-CT is currently the only diagnostic modality that can give dynamic information on the differents UFSs in all their components in one mildy invasive, easily reproducible diagnostic examination.
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Gruber, Jillian, Ahmed Saleh, Wajeeh Bakhsh, Paul T. Rubery, and Addisu Mesfin. "Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL): A CT-Based Analysis of 3000 Patients." Spine Journal 16, no. 10 (October 2016): S279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.07.391.
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Ruder, Thomas D. "Post-mortem CT from head to toe – how to approach a stack of 3000 images." Pathology 51 (February 2019): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2018.12.050.
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Park, Ho Young, Hyun-Jin Bae, Gil-Sun Hong, Minjee Kim, JiHye Yun, Sungwon Park, Won Jung Chung, and NamKug Kim. "Realistic High-Resolution Body Computed Tomography Image Synthesis by Using Progressive Growing Generative Adversarial Network: Visual Turing Test." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): e23328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23328.
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Background Generative adversarial network (GAN)–based synthetic images can be viable solutions to current supervised deep learning challenges. However, generating highly realistic images is a prerequisite for these approaches. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate and validate the unsupervised synthesis of highly realistic body computed tomography (CT) images by using a progressive growing GAN (PGGAN) trained to learn the probability distribution of normal data. Methods We trained the PGGAN by using 11,755 body CT scans. Ten radiologists (4 radiologists with <5 years of experience [Group I], 4 radiologists with 5-10 years of experience [Group II], and 2 radiologists with >10 years of experience [Group III]) evaluated the results in a binary approach by using an independent validation set of 300 images (150 real and 150 synthetic) to judge the authenticity of each image. Results The mean accuracy of the 10 readers in the entire image set was higher than random guessing (1781/3000, 59.4% vs 1500/3000, 50.0%, respectively; P<.001). However, in terms of identifying synthetic images as fake, there was no significant difference in the specificity between the visual Turing test and random guessing (779/1500, 51.9% vs 750/1500, 50.0%, respectively; P=.29). The accuracy between the 3 reader groups with different experience levels was not significantly different (Group I, 696/1200, 58.0%; Group II, 726/1200, 60.5%; and Group III, 359/600, 59.8%; P=.36). Interreader agreements were poor (κ=0.11) for the entire image set. In subgroup analysis, the discrepancies between real and synthetic CT images occurred mainly in the thoracoabdominal junction and in the anatomical details. Conclusions The GAN can synthesize highly realistic high-resolution body CT images that are indistinguishable from real images; however, it has limitations in generating body images of the thoracoabdominal junction and lacks accuracy in the anatomical details.
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Lunn, Brendan W., Laurel A. Littrell, Doris E. Wenger, and Stephen M. Broski. "18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI features of myxoid liposarcomas and intramuscular myxomas." Skeletal Radiology 47, no. 12 (June 20, 2018): 1641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-018-3000-y.
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Sungheetha, Dr Akey, and Dr Rajesh Sharma R. "GTIKF- Gabor-Transform Incorporated K-Means and Fuzzy C Means Clustering for Edge Detection in CT and MRI." Journal of Soft Computing Paradigm 2, no. 2 (May 22, 2020): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jscp.2020.2.004.
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The detection of edges is the one of the important stage in the application, associated with the machine vision, computer vision and the image processing. It is most commonly and highly preferred in the area were the extraction or the detection of the attribute are necessary. As the manual methods of diagnosis in the medical images acquired from the CT (computed tomography) and the MRI (magnetic resonance images) are very tedious and as well as time consuming, the paper puts forth the methodology to detect the edges in the CT and the MRI by employing Gabor Transform as well as the soft and the hard clustering. This proposed method is highly preferred among the image with dynamic variations. The technique used in the paper is evaluated using 4500 instance of the MRI and 3000 instance of CT. The results on the basis of the figure of merit (FOM) and Misclassification rate (MCR) are compared with other standard approaches and the performance was evinced.
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Gandhi, Vidhyachandra, Pratik Gautam, Taher Chharchhodawala, and Nitin Pai. "Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): e226303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-226303.
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Type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is a hereditary disorder with an incidence of approximately 1:3000 at birth. Gastrointestinal (GI) lesions occur in approximately one-third of the patients, with most being asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Symptomatic lesions leading to GI bleeding are uncommon. We share our experience of an elderly man with NF1, who presented with massive recurrent GI bleeding secondary to jejunal neurofibromas. The lesions were identified on CT scan of abdomen, and the patient was managed with resection of the involved bowel segment.
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von Schulthess. "Positronen Emissions Tomographie (PET) – Aktueller Stand und Ausblick." Praxis 94, no. 35 (August 1, 2005): 1331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0369-8394.94.35.1331.
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Die Anwendung der PET hat sich in den letzten Jahren stark entwickelt, wobei die mit Abstand am wichtigsten Indikationen Bildgebung von Tumoren betreffen. Insbesondere seit der Einführung der kombinierten PET-CT-Geräte ist abzusehen, dass sich PET zur Standardabklärung bei vielen Tumorleiden einerseits beim Staging und anderseits bei der Therapiekontrolle entwickelt. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass PET einen molekularen oder metabolischen Parameter, z.B. Zuckeraufnahme misst und nicht anatomische Veränderungen darstellt. Allerdings ist auch die anatomische Information oft für ein genaues Staging entscheidend: entsprechend setzt sich die PET-CT-Untersuchung rasch durch. In der Schweiz wurden im Jahr 2004 rund 8000 PET-Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Eine weitere Zunahme ist zu erwarten, man rechnet mit ca. 2000 bis 3000 notwendigen PET-Untersuchungen pro Million Einwohner und Jahr.Weitere Indikationen für PET liegen in der Hirn-, Herz- und Entzündungsdiagnostik mit erheblichem Wachstumspotential in allen drei Bereichen. Die nächste vielversprechende klinische Anwendung ist die integrierte PET-CT-Bildgebung des Herzens zur Darstellung der Anatomie der Herzkranzgefässe, gekoppelt mit der Quantifizierung der Herzperfusion in einen «cardiac one-stop-shop».
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Sugimori, Hiroyuki. "Classification of Computed Tomography Images in Different Slice Positions Using Deep Learning." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (July 16, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1753480.
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This study aimed at elucidating the relationship between the number of computed tomography (CT) images, including data concerning the accuracy of models and contrast enhancement for classifying the images. We enrolled 1539 patients who underwent contrast or noncontrast CT imaging, followed by dividing the CT imaging dataset for creating classification models into 10 classes for brain, neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis with contrast-enhanced and plain imaging. The number of images prepared in each class were 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, and 10,000. Accordingly, the names of datasets were defined as 0.1K, 0.5K, 1K, 2K, 3K, 4K, 5K, 6K, 7K, 8K, 9K, and 10K, respectively. We subsequently created and evaluated the models and compared the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture between AlexNet and GoogLeNet. The time required for training models of AlexNet was lesser than that for GoogLeNet. The best overall accuracy for the classification of 10 classes was 0.721 with the 10K dataset of GoogLeNet. Furthermore, the best overall accuracy for the classification of the slice position without contrast media was 0.862 with the 2K dataset of AlexNet.
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Tanaka, Nobuo, Masanari Koguchi, Hiroshi Kakibayashi, Ruriko Tsuneta, Kiwamu Kase, and Masaya Iwaki. "Three-Dimensional STEM for Observing Nano-Structures." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600027227.
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Three-dimensional (3D) observation is one of the important trials of future TEM and STEM methods. in the field of biological science, 3D-observation has already become general because the biological materials are usually amorphous and computed tomography (CT) routines can be effectively used. The CT assumes that the image intensity is linearly proportional to the projection of material density. in a crystalline specimen, however, this linearity does not hold due to the dynamical diffraction effect depending on spepimen thickness and incident directions of electron beam. High-angle annular-darkfield STEM (HAADF-STEM) and EDX mapping images could meet this requirement of the linearity because their image intensity are little affected by the dynamical diffraction effect.Our 3D-STEM is based on a 300 kV FE-TEM/STEM(Hitachi HF-3000) equipped with a specially designed eucentric specimen stage with double spherical fulcra, a newly developed dark/bright field STEM detectors, a 3D-sampling system and a 3D-imaging processor for 3D topography and tomography.
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Kandel, R., M. Merlano, P. Tan, G. Brar, and J. D. McCurdy. "A74 INCREASING RATES OF CT IMAGING IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AMONG PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2021): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.072.
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Abstract Background Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the abdomen is often performed in the emergency department (ED) to exclude urgent pathology in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). However, concerns over excessive radiation exposure from repeated use have led to expert consensus guidelines advising against CT imaging unless there is suspicion of complications (obstruction, perforation, abscess) or a non-IBD cause for symptoms. Aims Our study aimed to determine trends in abdominal CT utilization and findings among patients with IBD in the ED. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study between 01/01/2009 and 31/12/2018 at a single academic center. We identified ED encounters for adults (age ≥17 years) with a pre-existing diagnosis of IBD from our institutional database and determined the proportion resulting in an abdominal CT scan within 72 hours of presentation. IBD subtypes were classified based on ICD-10 claims: K50.90* for Crohn’s disease (CD), K51.90* for Ulcerative colitis (UC) and IBD undifferentiated (IBDU) for patients with both claims. A time trend analysis was performed using a generalized linear model that assumed a Poisson distribution. CT scans were classified according to the dominant imaging finding. For this part we excluded studies performed within 1-month of surgery or those re-assessing a known abscess or malignancy. Results A total of 14783 encounters were identified. Among these encounters 3000 CT scans were performed: 2000 for patients with CD (21.9%), 652 for UC (16.5%) and 348 for IBDU (20.4%). The rates of CT utilization significantly increased by 2.7% (95% CI, 1.2–4.3; p=0.0004) in patients with CD, by 4.2% (95% CI, 1.7–6.7; p=0.0009) in patients with UC and by 6.3% in patients with IBDU (95% CI, 2.5–10.0; p=0.0011). Among the eligible CT scans performed for CD, the following dominant findings were reported: normal (25%), inflammation (23%), obstruction (23%), penetrating (18%) and unrelated to IBD (8.6%). In contrast, the following findings for patients with UC were reported: normal (20%), inflammation (39%), obstructive (19%), penetrating (8%) and unrelated to IBD (15%). Conclusions In this single center study, a steady increase in CT utilization in the ED was observed in patients with IBD. Interestingly, only a small proportion of the CT scans demonstrated urgent findings. Future studies are required to determine the factors that contribute to the ongoing increase in CT utilization in this patient population. Funding Agencies None
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Fervers, Philipp, Jonathan Kottlors, David Zopfs, Johannes Bremm, David Maintz, Orkhan Safarov, Stephanie Tritt, Nuran Abdullayev, and Thorsten Persigehl. "Calcification of the thoracic aorta on low-dose chest CT predicts severe COVID-19." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): e0244267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244267.
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Background Cardiovascular comorbidity anticipates poor prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) and correlates with the systemic atherosclerotic transformation of the arterial vessels. The amount of aortic wall calcification (AWC) can be estimated on low-dose chest CT. We suggest quantification of AWC on the low-dose chest CT, which is initially performed for the diagnosis of COVID-19, to screen for patients at risk of severe COVID-19. Methods Seventy consecutive patients (46 in center 1, 24 in center 2) with parallel low-dose chest CT and positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were included in our multi-center, multi-vendor study. The outcome was rated moderate (no hospitalization, hospitalization) and severe (ICU, tracheal intubation, death), the latter implying a requirement for intensive care treatment. The amount of AWC was quantified with the CT vendor's software. Results Of 70 included patients, 38 developed a moderate, and 32 a severe COVID-19. The average volume of AWC was significantly higher throughout the subgroup with severe COVID-19, when compared to moderate cases (771.7 mm3 (Q1 = 49.8 mm3, Q3 = 3065.5 mm3) vs. 0 mm3 (Q1 = 0 mm3, Q3 = 57.3 mm3)). Within multivariate regression analysis, including AWC, patient age and sex, as well as a cardiovascular comorbidity score, the volume of AWC was the only significant regressor for severe COVID-19 (p = 0.004). For AWC > 3000 mm3, the logistic regression predicts risk for a severe progression of 0.78. If there are no visually detectable AWC risk for severe progression is 0.13, only. Conclusion AWC seems to be an independent biomarker for the prediction of severe progression and intensive care treatment of COVID-19 already at the time of patient admission to the hospital; verification in a larger multi-center, multi-vendor study is desired.
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Rodrigues, Bruno Lopes, Victor Augusto Bertotti Ribeiro, Adriana Aparecida Flosi, Hélio Yoriyaz, Maira Goes Nunes, and Carlos Eduardo Bravin Maistro. "Impacto Dosimétrico de Curvas CT-to-ED em Irradiações de Heterogeneidades de Alto Número Atômico." Revista Brasileira de Física Médica 14 (December 6, 2020): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.29384/rbfm.2020.v14.19849001578.
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Com a evolução dos sistemas de planejamento e a redução das incertezas no cálculo de dose, a correção de heterogeneidades se tornou necessária. A presença de ligas metálicas de alta densidade ainda é uma das limitações e fonte de imprecisão no cálculo de dose. Embora existam algoritmos de cálculo de dose precisos, a principal dificuldade está no estabelecimento de curvas de correção do número de Hounsfield (HU) para densidade eletrônica (CT-to-ED), para valores de HU apropriados. A maioria dos tomógrafos atuais trabalha com 12 bits, saturando o número de Hounsfield em torno de 3000 HU sendo insuficiente para a maioria dos materiais de alta densidade. No entanto, já existem equipamentos em 16 bits, que não saturam na presença de materiais de alto número atômico (Z) e resultam em informações mais completas das propriedades físicas. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar, em irradiações de heterogeneidades de alto Z, o impacto dosimétrico quando são utilizadas curvas de correção que incluem altos valores de HU. Foram analisados os fatores que influenciam a construção da curva CT-to-ED e as fontes de incerteza no processo. As curvas foram introduzidas no sistema de planejamento e os resultados comparados com medidas experimentais. Os resultados indicaram uma dependência significativa das curvas de alto HU com a energia do tomógrafo, e foi observada uma correção mais adequada quando curvas expandidas são utilizadas para o cálculo.
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Gonzalez Marcano, Eglys, Leona Kröhle, Joachim Ahlers, and Joachim Drevs. "Pilot study on outcome and antitumor efficacy of an autologous cancer cell vaccine applied in patients with advanced solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3000.
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3000 Background: In the last decade cancer immunotherapy has emerged as the most promising anti-tumor approach. The most commonly used immunotherapies are vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors. An autologous cell vaccine is made with the patient's own tumor cells processed in vitro, which may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocytic immune response against tumor cells antigens, resulting in tumor cell death. We performed a pilot study to evaluate the clinical relevance and general outcome of an autologous vaccine as a treatment in different types of cancer. Methods: A total of 31 patients (n=31) with advanced solid tumors and the lack of standard treatments were treated with an immunotherapy protocol consisting of 6 intradermal doses of the vaccine, given the first two doses at day 1 and 2, and the rest every two weeks. All patients signed an informed consent form. Response evaluation was assessed by PET/CT identified as metric (iRECIST) response and in some cases tumor markers where available. Results: Out of 31 patients treated, 2 patients suffered from pancreatic cancer, 2 from sarcoma, 1 from lung cancer, 13 from breast cancer, 2 from ovarian cancer, 1 from prostate cancer, 1 from cholangiocarcinoma, 4 from colorectal cancer, 1 from non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 from gastric cancer, 1 from laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, 1 from fallopian tube cancer, 1 from peritoneal cancer. Side effects related to the therapy were rare including light redness in the area of injection and in one case inflammation of the tumor area. 26 patients were evaluated for metric response and 5 for tumor marker response assessment. For tumor marker follow up 9.6 % had a SD of > 3 month and 6.5 % a PD. For metric follow up 12.9 % had a CR, 6.5 % a PR, 25.8 % a SD of > 3 month and 38.7 % a PD. Conclusions: This study have confirmed an anti-tumor response in the majority of patients treated, with none to very low side effects and a good quality of life during the treatment. To obtain more detailed and significant data on the efficacy of this therapy, a further controlled clinical phase study should be performed.
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Haque, Jasmine Ara, Hosne Ara Rahman, and Waseka Akhter Jahan. "Lingual Thyroid Diagnosed as a Cause of Cretinism: A Case Report." Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v1i2.20518.
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Hypothyroidism is one of the common endocrine disorders. Causes are variable. It can be congenital or acquired. Congenital hypothyroidism termed as cretinism. Lingual thyroid is one of the rare congenital anomaly causing hypothyroidism. Its clinical incidence varies between 1/3000 and 1/10,000. Up to 70% of patients with lingual thyroid have hypothyroidism and 10% suffer from cretinism. Here a 14 year old short stuttered obese female present with the complaints of voice change & weight gain. Biochemically she was diagnosed as hypothyroid. To find out the cause it was detected the gland was not in normal position but in the lingual position which was detected by SPECT CT Tc-99m isotope thyroid scan. The patient was treated with levo-thyroxin accordingly and was improved.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v1i2.20518 Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research Vol.1(2) 2014: 42-48
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Helwan, Abdulkader, Mohammad Khaleel Sallam Ma’aitah, Hani Hamdan, Dilber Uzun Ozsahin, and Ozum Tuncyurek. "Radiologists versus Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A Comparative Study for Diagnosing COVID-19." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (May 10, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527271.
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The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is still the routinely used test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). However, according to several reports, RT-PCR showed a low sensitivity and multiple tests may be required to rule out false negative results. Recently, chest computed tomography (CT) has been an efficient tool to diagnose COVID-19 as it is directly affecting the lungs. In this paper, we investigate the application of pre-trained models in diagnosing patients who are positive for COVID-19 and differentiating it from normal patients, who tested negative for coronavirus. The study aims to compare the generalization capabilities of deep learning models with two thoracic radiologists in diagnosing COVID-19 chest CT images. A dataset of 3000 images was obtained from the Near East Hospital, Cyprus, and used to train and to test the three employed pre-trained models. In a test set of 250 images used to evaluate the deep neural networks and the radiologists, it was found that deep networks (ResNet-18, ResNet-50, and DenseNet-201) can outperform the radiologists in terms of higher accuracy (97.8%), sensitivity (98.1%), specificity (97.3%), precision (98.4%), and F1-score (198.25%), in classifying COVID-19 images.
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Kobayashi, Hironori, Norihiko Yoshimura, Takayuki Katagiri, Takashi Ushiki, Kyoko Fuse, Yasuhiko Shibasaki, Miwako Narita, Hirohito Sone, and Masayoshi Masuko. "Evaluation of Liver Iron Deposition in Transfusion-Dependent Patients By Dual-Energy CT." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3619.3619.
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Abstract [Introduction] The launch of the oral iron chelator "Deferasirox" has improved the outcomes of blood transfusion-dependent patients with iron overload in the last decade. Although serum ferritin (SF) remains the mostly commonly used metric to monitor body iron stores for decisions regarding the indication of iron chelate therapy, it is known to be affected by many factors. The liver iron concentration (LIC) is considered to be an indicator of total body iron stores, and the MR imaging-based R2 technique is the standard non-invasive technique used to evaluate LIC. However, this technique is not used in every institution due to some limitations such as its high cost and the requirement for special software. Although the application of CT, which is easy to use and inexpensive, needs to be considered for the evaluation of LIC, the use of conventional single energy CT (SECT) to measure LIC is also limited by normal variations in CT attenuation, predominantly in patients with mild iron overload. Moreover, SECT fails to detect iron in fatty livers, which has an inverse effect on attenuation by lowering CT numbers. Dual-energy CT (DECT) is a technique that is employed to obtain precise information on tissue composition and may be useful for monitoring LIC. It is based on substances showing different densities with two different energies, with each substance displaying its own energy-dependent change in CT attenuation. The role of DECT in monitoring LIC has not yet been clarified in blood transfusion-dependent patients with iron overload. We herein evaluated iron deposition in the livers of blood transfusion-dependent patients using DECT. [Patients and Methods] Seventeen blood transfusion-dependent patients underwent liver DECT using a dual-source 128-slice CT system, and SF levels were measured at same time. DECT images were acquired using a tube voltage pair of 140 kV and 80 kV or 140 kV and 100 kV, and the three-material decomposition of fat, soft tissue, and iron. [Results] The median age of patients was 52 years (range, 25 to 66), and 8 patients were male. Eight patients with AML, 3 with MDS, and 1 each with ALL, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, Evans syndrome, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, and chronic renal failure underwent DECT. Nine patients had undergone stem cell transplantation before DECT, and 3 were receiving iron chelate therapy. The total number of units of blood transfused was available in 11 out of 17 patients. The median number of units given was 66 (range, 36 to 150). The median SF level was 2346 ng/ml (range, 569 to 7875). We divided patients into three groups based on SF levels: high >3000 ng/ml, intermediate 1000~3000 ng/ml, low <1000 ng/ml. Five patients were classified into the high SF group (range, 3765-7875 ng/ml), 8 into the intermediate SF group (1645-2916), and 4 into the low SF group (569-1240). Four patients in high, 4 in the intermediate, and 2 in the low SF groups showed diffuse iron deposition in the liver on DECT images. One patient in the high, 2 in the intermediate, and 2 patients in the low SF groups showed focal iron deposition in the left lobe of the liver. On the other hand, two patients in the intermediate SF group did not show iron deposition on DECT images. We then divided patients into two groups based on the number of units of blood transfused: 6 patients were classified into the high unit group (range, 66-150 units), and 5 into the low unit group (36-60). Four patients in the high unit and 3 in the low unit groups showed diffuse iron deposition in the liver on DECT images. Two patients in the high unit and 1 in the low unit groups showed focal iron deposition in the left lobe of the liver. One patient in the low unit group did not show iron deposition. [Conclusion] Discrepancies between SF levels and DECT images indicate that DECT is a useful technique for the accurate evaluation of LIC, and the detection of focal iron deposition in the liver may be useful for optimizing iron chelation therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Scarano, Antonio, Tiziana Orsini, Fabio Di Carlo, Luca Valbonetti, and Felice Lorusso. "Graphene-Doped Poly (Methyl-Methacrylate) (Pmma) Implants: A Micro-CT and Histomorphometrical Study in Rabbits." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031441.
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Background—the graphene-doping procedure represents a useful procedure to improve the mechanical, physical and biological response of several Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-derived polymers and biomaterials for dental applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate osseointegration of Graphene doped Poly(methyl methacrylate) (GD-PMMA) compared with PMMA as potential materials for dental implant devices. Methods—eighteen adult New Zealand white male rabbits with a mean weight of approx. 3000 g were used in this research. A total of eighteen implants of 3.5 mm diameter and 11 mm length in GD-PMMA and eighteen implants in PMMA were used. The implants were placed into the articular femoral knee joint. The animals were sacrificed after 15, 30 and 60 days and the specimens were evaluated by µCT and histomorphometry. Results—microscopically, all 36 implants, 18 in PMMA and 18 in DG-PMMA were well-integrated into the bone. The implants were in contact with cortical bone along the upper threads, while the lower threads were in contact with either newly formed bone or with marrow spaces. The histomorphometry and µCT evaluation showed that the GP-PMMA and PMMA implants were well osseointegrated and the bone was in direct contact with large portions of the implant surfaces, including the space in the medullary canal. Conclusions—in conclusion, the results suggest that GD-PMMA titanium surfaces enhance osseointegration in rabbit femurs. This encourages further research to obtain GD-PMMA with a greater radiopacity. Also, further in vitro and vivo animal studies are necessary to evaluate a potential clinical usage for dental implant applications.
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Nelms, Courtney, Kathleen Carter, Richard DeMasi, and George Meier. "Color Duplex Ultrasound Characteristics: Can we Predict Aortic Aneurysm Expansion following Endovascular Repair?" Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 29, no. 3 (September 2005): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154431670502900306.
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Introduction The goal of aortic endovascular repair (EVAR) is to successfully exclude the aneurysm. Color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) is effective in the identification of endoleak and assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) morphology after EVAR. In a subset of patients with subtle endoleak, there is a characteristic appearance that predicts significant endoleak leading to AAA expansion. These endoleaks are difficult to detect by computed tomography (CT), and CDU and may represent the phenomenon known as endotension when endoleak is not identified. Methods All patients with several EVAR devices were prospectively followed with CDU for evaluation of endoleak at intervals during a 4-year period. All CDU exams were performed using Philips 5000, 3000, and IU22 systems according to protocol. Assessment of the AAA sac with spectral and color Doppler was used to identify endoleak. The B-mode echogenicity of the AAA sac was characterized for echogenicity and sac symmetry. The patients were followed with CT scan and/or angiography for confirmation of endoleaks. Results There were 12 patients with subtle Type II endoleaks and a characteristic texture by CDU identified from 1 month to 16 months after intervention. The endoleaks had low velocities within the sac ranging from 10 to 50 cm/sec with a bidirectional spectral Doppler waveform. An asymmetrical AAA sac with a “spongy” multiechogenic texture was a finding in all 12 patients. The endoleaks were difficult to detect by both CDU and CT scan because of the low velocities despite AAA sac enlargement in all patients. The average AAA sac enlargement was 4.4 mm. CT scan and/or angiography failed to detect endoleak in 6 of 12 patients positive by CDU for endoleak with AAA sac expansion. Conclusion CDU after EVAR can effectively detect the presence of endoleak and assess the B-mode characteristics of the AAA sac. Important clues such as low flow, sac expansion, sac asymmetry, and a “spongy” B-mode appearance are consistent with subtle endoleak that may lead to AAA expansion. When undetected, this type of endoleak may be misdiagnosed as endotension.
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Rahman, Selina, Faruk Hossain, Md Nazrul Islam, Md Enayet Karim, Iqbal Hossain, Tahera Sultana, and Syeda Nazlee Mostafa. "Evaluation of effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on the basis of stone density as measured by computed tomography (CT) in patients with renal stone." Bangladesh Medical Journal 45, no. 2 (July 30, 2016): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v45i2.28983.
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Renal stone or urolithiasis is the third most common disease of the urinary tract. ESWL has become the preferred treatment for renal calculi of <2 cm in diameter except in lower calyx. CT with non enhancement by contrast medium has long been used clinically to evaluate substance density in Hounsfield units (HU) to distinguish calculi from calci_cations, tumors and blood clots. Present study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of ESWL on the basis of stone density as measured by CT scan in patients with renal stone. This hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from April, 2014 to September, 2015 in the Department of Radiology & Imaging and Department of Urology, BSMMU. Sixty patients presented with renal stone with an age group of 18 years and above in both sexes who were attended in the OPD were included as study population. Patients were divided into two groups based on HU: patients having HU<900 were belonged to Group-A and HU?900 were belonged to Group-B. Mean (SD) stone density among the respondents in Group A was 717 (76) HU and in Group B was 1091 (99) HU. Mean (SD) shockwaves needed in Group A and Group B were 2590 (223) and 3000 (132) respectively. In group A, 10 (38.5%), 13 (50.0%) and 3 (11.5%) patients needed 1, 2 and 3 session respectively for complete clearance of stone whereas in group B, 1 (11.1%), 3 (33.3%) and 5 (55.6%) patients needed 1, 2 and 3 session respectively for complete clearance of stone. This study concluded that Hounsfield units (HUs) measurement of urinary calculi on pre-treatment non-contrast CT predicts the stone fragmentation rate after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL).Bangladesh Med J. 2016 May; 45 (2): 94-97
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Hasan, Muhammad Hasibul, Chahat Soi, Azin Mirzajavadkhan, Saba Rafieian, and Mirt Mehany. "Experimental Study and Computer Simulation of Fracture Toughness of Ni Base Superalloy using CT Specimen." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.03.04.2018.07.
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Due to superior mechanical and metallurgical performance, Nickel-base Alloys 617 and 276 have been considered as structural material for used in complex and stochastic applications. Surface irregularities such as cracks in the material may be vulnerable to the structural integrity of an engineering component. Void growth behavior is however analyzed using crystal plasticity theory in nickel-based super alloys. Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics base single compact tension specimen has been used to determine the J1C value as a function of temperature of austenitic Alloy 617 and 276 for ductile crack growth behavior. Crack formation is appropriately explained through crack nucleation based on the microstructural heterogeneity properties of the alloys. Alloy 617 showed a fair increased resistance to fracture as temperature increased from ambient to 5000C for duplicate testing, satisfying the EPFM criteria. Whereas the J1C values of Alloy 276 increased gradually with temperature up to 300° C and due to enhanced plasticity in the vicinity of 4000 C this alloy shows inconsistent value. Two-dimensional simulation of J-integral model of these nickel base super alloys at temperature range 1000C to 5000 C has been proposed. Particular focus is given on the load line displacement where crack propagation occurs during the loading phase only. Path independency of J-integral has been clearly demonstrated for both the alloys up to 3000 C employing finite element analysis meshing with 1922 quadrilateral 2D solid elements in ANSYS. Cracks are typically initiated in relation to the level of strain range. A higher strain range initiates cracks due to precipitate shearing, whereas a low strain range initiates cracks with oxidation reactions and carbide diffusion. The values of K1C and crack tip opening displacement for these alloys have been calculated based on the experimental data. Moreover, fracture morphology in the loading and unloading sequences near the crack tip has been analyzed by SEM.
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Evens, Andrew M., Alfred Rademaker, Bharat B. Mittal, Jessica K. Altman, David Patton, Lynne Kaminer, Seema Singhal, et al. "Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (AuSCT) with Total Lymphoid Irradiation (TLI) and High-Dose Chemotherapy (CT) Results in High Survival Rates for “Poor-Prognosis” Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Hodgkin’s Disease (HD): Multivariate Analysis of Outcome Shows Marked Benefit for TLI in a Prospective Phase I/II Trial." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2080.2080.
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Abstract Background: Poor prognostic factors for patients (pts) with R/R HD include primary refractory disease and resistance to salvage CT with long-term progression- free survival (PFS) of 40–52% and 11–19%, respectively. Results of a prospective phase I/II trial incorporating TLI conditioning with AuSCT for pts with R/R HD are reported. Methods: 47 pts received salvage CT followed by peripheral blood AuSCT from November 1993 to April 2005. Salvage consisted of ESHAP (n=29), ICE (n=9), MOPP (n=3), ABVD (n=2) and unknown (n=4). Conditioning for AuSCT consisted of accelerated fractionation TLI 150 cGy BID starting day −35, with 1500 cGy to previously uninvolved nodal sites, 3000 cGy to previously involved, and 3540–4000 cGy to sites of active disease. After 1 week rest, conditioning CT consisted of carboplatin (450 mg/m2/d CI, D -6 to D-3), etoposide (700 mg/m2/d CI, D -6 to D-3), and cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/d D -3 and D-2) (CCE). Pts with no prior radiation (RT) received TLI + CCE, while those with prior RT received CCE alone. The first 18 pts received escalating etoposide doses up to 700 mg/m2/d with no unexpected toxicity. Results: Of 47 pts, primary and salvage therapy is known for 43; 14 had primary refractory HD, 20 pts had initial remission < 1 year (combined, 79% of study population). 26 pts responded to salvage (10 CR), and 17 pts < PR (40% CT-resistant). All 47 pts proceeded to AuSCT. 32 received TLI + CCE and 15 CCE alone. Median age is 36 years (range 18–66). PFS and overall survival (OS) for all pts was 47% and 57%, respectively (Figure) (median followup from AuSCT is 21 months, range 0.7 to 128 months). We also compared PFS for TLI + CCE versus CCE-alone conditioning, and a univariate analysis shows markedly increased PFS for TLI + CCE (p<.0001) (Figure). Figure Figure The PFS and OS for pts receiving TLI + CCE with primary refractory HD was 83% (10/12) and 92% (11/12) and for CT-resistant disease was 56% (5/9) and 78% (7/9). Using proportional hazards regression for a multivariate model including: histology, stage, initial remission < 1 year, B symptoms, CT resistance, prior RT and TLI, only TLI remained statistically significant (p=.017). Treatment related mortality (TRM) was 8.5% (4/47), including 2 secondary leukemias (100 day TRM was 4.2%). Conclusions: TLI and CCE conditioning was well-tolerated with low TRM and high and durable survival rates for pts with R/R HD. Moreover, very high PFS and OS rates were seen in historically poor-prognosis pts if TLI was given. TLI-based regimens should be studied further in randomized clinical trials compared to CT-alone conditioning regimens.
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Yoshimatsu, K., H. Yokomizo, T. Otani, G. Osawa, and K. Ogawa. "Phase I study of peptide vaccine with chemotherapy in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3067.
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3067 Background: RNF43 is a cancer testis antigen expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) but not in normal organs. RNF43–721 induces HLA A24 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against RNF43 expressed target. S-1/CPT-11 chemotherapy (CT) is reported to be obtained the similar result to FOLFOX or FOLFIRI as first-line for advanced CRC. We plan phase I study to evaluate the safety of different doses of RNF43–721 emulsified with Montanide ISA51 in combination with S-1/CPT-11 CT expecting synergistic effect. Methods: Inclusion criteria as follows: HLA A24 positive, pathological CRC, life expectancy > 3 months, WBC>3000/mm3, Hb>10mg/dl, Plt>75000/mm3, creatinine<1.2mg/dl, T. bil.<1.5mg/dl, AST, ALT<3x normal limits, written informed consent. Other malignancy, infection, treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive agents, and HBV, HCV, HIV infection are excluded. The study design is dose escalation of peptide (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 mg) with three patients’ cohort. The study regimen is that oral administration of S-1 at 40 mg b.i.d. for 21 consecutive days followed by a 7-day rest period and intravenous infusion of CPT-11 at a dose of 80 mg on days 1 and 15 are performed with weekly subcutaneous injection of peptide vaccine. Two courses are study periods and there is no restriction of therapy after study. Primary endpoint is safety and secondary are CTL, objective response rate and TTP. Results: Twelve patients (pts) were enrolled and 3 pts canceled treatment due to patient's proposal. In 9 evaluable pts, median age of pts with 7 males and 2 females was 61. Standard chemotherapy for CRC were failed in 8 pts. Systemic toxicities were observed in one pt with grade 2 and others were grade 1. Skin reactions were occurred in 7 pts. No pts were obtained CR and PR, 6 pts were SD and 3 were PD. CTL response was observed in 5 pts. TTP was calculated as 204 days. Conclusions: Treatment with peptide vaccine and S-1/CPT-11 CT was well tolerated. These results encourage further clinical trials of peptide vaccine with standard CT for advanced CRC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Nyland, Kelsey E., and Frederick E. Nelson. "Long-term nivation rates, Cathedral Massif, northwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 11 (November 2020): 1305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0176.
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Cryoplanation terraces (CTs) are large (3000–800 000 m2) erosional landforms found in upland periglacial environments. Two hypotheses for the formation of CTs are supported in contemporary literature: (1) CT formation is controlled primarily by geologic structure; and (2) CTs are climatically controlled through nivation, a suite of erosional processes associated with late-lying snowbanks. A persistent question in periglacial geomorphology is whether nivation can produce CT-scale landforms. This paper examines the unusual deglaciation history of “Frost Ridge” on the Cathedral Massif, northwestern British Columbia, to estimate long-term denudation attributable to nivation processes active since the last glacial maximum. Frost Ridge forms one flank of an east–west-oriented glacial valley. During deglaciation, marginal drainage created V-shaped erosional notches on both valley walls. Minimization of solar radiation on the steep north-facing wall (Frost Ridge) allowed snowbanks to accumulate and persist in the marginal drainage features and nivation processes to erode the slope. Today, several large nivation hollows (incipient CTs) are present near the summit of Frost Ridge, while the V-shaped marginal drainage features are preserved at lower elevations and on the opposite, south-facing valley wall. A high-resolution survey using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) allowed volumes of marginal drainage and incipient terrace features to be compared. Based on this volumetric comparison, denudation rates are estimated to range from 4.2 to 125.8 mm/kyr, which are comparable with relatively short-term nivation rates reported from Antarctica and mid-latitude alpine periglacial areas.
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Elkatatny, Salaheldin. "Development of a Homogenous Cement Slurry Using Synthetic Modified Phyllosilicate while Cementing HPHT Wells." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 31, 2019): 1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071923.
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Cement slurry segregation has a detrimental impact on the cement matrix efficiency in term of zonal isolation. In this study, synthetic modified phyllosilicate (SMP) dispersant, which is known as laponite RD is suggested to reduce the slurry segregation and enhance the vertical homogeneity of the cement matrix in term of density distribution. Seven cement slurries were prepared with different SMP concentrations using molds with different dimensions based on the targeted test, then cured for 24 h at 140 °C and 3000 psi using a high-pressure and high-temperature curing chamber. After that, the samples’ density distribution was evaluated using a direct density measurement and computer tomography (CT) scan imaging technique, and the effect of SMP on the cement rheological parameters, permeability, and compressive strength and were also evaluated. The performance of SMP was then compared with a commercial dispersant. As a result, 0.3% by weight of cement (BWOC) of SMP is found to considerably reduce the vertical density variation along the cement column to 0.46% compared with a density variation of 4.78% for the slurry with the commercial dispersant. The CT scan images confirmed the vertical homogeneity of the slurry with 0.3% BWOC of SMP. Addition of 0.3% BWOC of SMP increased the yield point of the cement slurry to 60.6 MPa compared with 20.5 MPa for the slurry with 0.25% of the commercial dispersant. Adding 0.3% BWOC of SMP into the cement formulation decreased the permeability by 37.1% compared with the commercial dispersant. The sample with 0.3% BWOC of SMP has a compressive strength of 43.9 MPa.
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Wang, Lan, Jie Zhang, Wen Zhang, Hui-Lin Yang, and Zong-Ping Luo. "Analysis of the Osteogenic Effects of Biomaterials Using Numerical Simulation." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6981586.
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We describe the development of an optimization algorithm for determining the effects of different properties of implanted biomaterials on bone growth, based on the finite element method and bone self-optimization theory. The rate of osteogenesis and the bone density distribution of the implanted biomaterials were quantitatively analyzed. Using the proposed algorithm, a femur with implanted biodegradable biomaterials was simulated, and the osteogenic effects of different materials were measured. Simulation experiments mainly considered variations in the elastic modulus (20–3000 MPa) and degradation period (10, 20, and 30 days) for the implanted biodegradable biomaterials. Based on our algorithm, the osteogenic effects of the materials were optimal when the elastic modulus was 1000 MPa and the degradation period was 20 days. The simulation results for the metaphyseal bone of the left femur were compared with micro-CT images from rats with defective femurs, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm. The proposed method was effective for optimization of the bone structure and is expected to have applications in matching appropriate bones and biomaterials. These results provide important insights into the development of implanted biomaterials for both clinical medicine and materials science.
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Savetsky, S. RushM, A. Vinokur, and N. Mehta. "Palliative whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for brain metastases (BM) revisited: The patient population in the modern era is different from the original patient cohort of the RTOG WBRT clinical trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.1544.
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1544 Background: RTOG trials in the 1970’s established WBRT (3000 cGy/10 fractions) as an effective palliative tool for symptomatic BM. This was in the era before CT/ MRI and effective systemic therapy. Inclusion criteria was based on clinical symptoms, and studies such as EEG and arteriography though not required. This study was undertaken to determine if pts. in the modern era are similar to those aforementioned, since it may not be appropriate to use accelerated WBRT (aWBRT) in these pts. based on the RTOG guidelines if the cohorts are different. (Other issues such as delayed cognitive dysfunction, alopecia and the impact of and integration with systemic therapy are pertinent to the application and prescription of aWBRT, but not the focus of this study). Methods: A retrospective chart review of 414 consecutive pts. with BM treated with radiation therapy in a single practice from 1990 through 2004 form the basis of this study. There were 256 females and 158 males. Lung cancer was the most common primary site (249/60%) and breast cancer next (75/18%). 121 pts (29%) had a single brain metastsis. 66 symptomatic patients underwent surgical resection of a brain metastasis prior to WBRT. The use of CT or MRI was determined. Results: Of the 414 pts, 105 were asymptomatic (25%). An additonal 66 pts. were rendered asymptomatic with surgical resection. Therefore, a total of 171 (40%) pts. were asymptomatic. All pts underwent imaging with CT (132) or MRI (282). Conclusions: Many pts. with BM seen in a modern radiation oncology practice are different from those in the RTOG series’ in which pts. were designated to receive aWBRT. 1. A notable proportion (40%) of a large number of pts. treated since 1990 for BM was asymptomatic vs. none of the pts. in the RTOG trials. 2. All pts. in this series underwent direct imaging vs. none in the RTOG series’. The systematic prescription of aWBRT for all pts. with BM as dictated by RTOG studies in the 1970’s may not be appropriate and alternative strategies and clinical trials are warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Josefsen, M. H., N. R. Jacobsen, and J. Hoorfar. "Enrichment Followed by Quantitative PCR both for Rapid Detection and as a Tool for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Food-Borne Thermotolerant Campylobacters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 6 (June 2004): 3588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.6.3588-3592.2004.
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ABSTRACT As part of a large international project for standardization of PCR (Food-PCR; www.pcr.dk ), a multiplex, multiplatform, ready-to-go enrichment followed by a real-time PCR method, including an internal amplification control, was developed for detection of food-borne thermotolerant campylobacters in chickens. Chicken rinse samples were enriched in Bolton broth for 20 h, a simple and rapid (1-h) resin-based DNA extraction was performed, and DNA samples were then tested with two instrument platforms: ABI-PRISM 7700 and RotorGene 3000. The method was validated against an International Standard Organization (ISO)-based culture method by testing low, medium, and high levels of 12 spiked and 66 unspiked, presumably naturally contaminated, chicken rinse samples. In the RotorGene, a positive PCR response was detected in 40 samples of the 66. This was in complete agreement with the enriched ISO culture. The ABI-PRISM 7700 missed one culture-positive sample. Positive samples contained 102 to 107 CFU/ml after enrichment in Bolton broth. In the enriched samples a detection probability of 95% was obtained at levels of 1 � 103 and 2 � 103 CFU/ml in the RotorGene and ABI-PRISM, respectively. The amplification efficiency in both platforms was 90%, although the linear range of amplification of purified genomic DNA was 1.5 � 101 to 1 � 107 (R 2 = 1.00) for the RotorGene and 103 to 107 (R 2 = 0.99) for the ABI-PRISM. In RotorGene and ABI-PRISM the levels of precision of detection as determined by standard deviation (coefficients of variation) of 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) threshold cycle (Ct) values were 0.184 to 0.417 (0.65 to 2.57%) and 0.119 to 0.421 (0.59 to 1.82%), respectively. The results showed a correlation (R 2) of 0.94 between the target FAM Ct values and CFU per milliliter of enriched naturally contaminated chicken samples, which indicates PCR's additional potential as a tool for quantitative risk assessment. Signal from the internal amplification control was detected in all culture-negative samples (VIC Ct: 23.1 to 28.1). The method will be taken further and validated in an international collaborative trial with regard to standardization.
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Peterson, Everett B., N. Merle Peterson, and Douglas F. W. Pollard. "Some principles and criteria to make Canada's protected area systems representative of the nation's forest diversity." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71497-4.
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The current network of protected areas in Canada, numbering almost 3000, owes much to initiatives taken under the International Biological Program (IBP-CT) beginning in the 1960's, and maintained by member agencies of the Canadian Council on Ecological Areas (CCEA). Several criteria for the selection of areas were identified under IBP-CT. The first of these concerned representation of the diversity of the world's ecosystems. Recently, the need for protected areas has gained prominence at all levels of government. In its 1992 National Strategy, the forest sector committed itself to protecting the diversity of forest ecosystems in Canada.In this review we advocate that representativeness is more than a criterion by which areas are selected for protection: it is a fundamental principle. We examine how this principle can be applied and suggest that features of the landscape define the scale on which a comprehensive system of protected areas is built. Also discussed is the role for forest ecosystems that have been disturbed by human activity in such a system.Our main recommendation is that landscape should be accepted as the basic stratification by which representation is to be judged. On the assumption that species and species assemblages associated with landscapes are not in jeopardy, and that a representative range of the nation's landscapes will contain a representative range of Canada's biotic diversity, this article suggests that a comprehensive system of protected landscapes will, in large measure, represent the nation's diversity of animal and plant communities. Until it is clearly evident that timber management can accommodate the broad array of conservation needs, forest managers should consider designating areas for protection in which the integrity of ecosystem functions and dynamics can be assured for both managed and natural forest types under their control.
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Privalov, Vitaliy, Jacques Pironon, Philippe de Donato, Raymond Michels, Christophe Morlot, and Alain Izart. "Natural Fracture Systems in CBM Reservoirs of the Lorraine–Saar Coal Basin from the Standpoint of X-ray Computer Tomography." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecg2020-08772.
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The Lorraine–Saar Basin is one of the largest geologically and commercially important Paleozoic coal-bearing basins in Western Europe and has considerable coal reserves in numerous coal beds. The basin stands out due to its sedimentary column of up to 6 km and its inversion, resulting in Paleozoic low-amplitude erosion at around 750 m (French part of the basin) and pre-Mesozoic (Permian) erosion between 1800 and 3000 m (the Saar coalfield or German part of the basin). Thermal maturation of organic matter in sedimentary clastic rocks and coal seams has led to the formation of prolific coalbed methane (CBM) plays in many domains throughout the Carboniferous Westphalian and Stephanian sequences. Coal mines here are no longer operated to produce coal; however, methane generated in “dry gas window” compartments at a depth exceeding 3.5 km has escaped here via several major faults and fracture corridors forming “sweet spot” sites. Faults and a dense network of tectonic fractures together with post-mining subsidence effects also increased the permeability of massive coal-bearing and provided pathways for the breathing of environmentally hazardous mine gases. Nearly all CBM plays can be classified as naturally fractured reservoirs. The Lorraine–Saar Basin is not excluded, indeed, because of the experience of geological surveys during extensive coal-mining in the past. The knowledge of geometrical features of fracture patterns is a crucial parameter for determining the absolute permeability of a resource play, its kinematics environment, and further reservoir simulation. The main focus of this contribution is to gain an insight into the style and structural trends of natural cleat patterns in the basin based on the results of X-ray computer tomography (CT) to ensure technical decisions for efficient exploration of CBM reservoirs. To explore the architecture of solid coal samples, we used X-ray CT of a coal specimen collected from Westphalian D coal from exploratory well Tritteling 1. The studied coal specimen and its subvolumes were inspected in three series of experiments. At different levels of CT resolutions, we identified two quasi-orthogonal cleat systems including a smooth-sided face cleat of tensile origin and a curvilinear shearing butt cleat. The inferred cleat patterns possess features of self-similarity and align with directional stresses. Results of the treatment of obtained cleat patterns in terms of their connectivity relationship allowed the presence of interconnected cleat arrays to be distinguished within studied samples, potentially facilitating success in CBM extraction projects.
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Darusman, Yandra, Oea Khairsyaf, and Russilawati Russilawati. "Komplikasi Kronik Aspirasi Benda Asing pada Saluran Napas Bawah." YARSI Medical Journal 28, no. 2 (August 13, 2020): 051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33476/jky.v28i2.1423.
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Aspirasi benda asing pada saluran napas bawah adalah kegawatdaruratan yang menyebabkan kematian. Terdapat lebih kurang 3000 kematian seetiap tahunnya akibat aspirasi benda asing di Amerika Serikat. Terdapat 14 kasus aspirasi benda asing di RSUP Persahabatan yang dilakukan tindakan bronkoskopi pada tahun 2000-2005. Penyebab tersering adalah aspirasi jarum pentul 36,7%, kacang 21,21% dan gigi palsu 9,09%. Komplikasi yang terjadi karena aspirasi benda asing diantaranya pneumonia, efusi pleura, ateletaksi, abses dan hemoptisis. Seorang laki-laki 16 tahun datang dengan keluhan utama batuk produktif disertai dengan darah sejak 7 hari sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Tidak ada keluhan respirasi lain dan keluhan sistemik. Riwayat tertelan paku mading 3 bulan yang lalu, tapi tidak pernah memeriksakan diri ke dokter. Tanda-tanda vital normal. Fremitus melemah dan suara ronki di paru kanan bawah. Rontgen toraks AP-Lateral menunjukkan gambaran ateletaksis di lobus medius dan inferior paru kanan, terdapat corpus alienum di hilus kanan. CT scan toraks menunjukkan gambaran ateletaksis dan cospus alienum. Pasien didagnosis dengan ateletaksis ec corpus alienum dengan diagnosis banding abses paru. Corpus alienum dikeluarkan dengan tindakan bronkoskopi serat lentur. Tampak gambaran bronkoskopi pada rontgen toraks post bronkoskopi. Pasien diterapi dengan antibiotic dan obat anti perdarahan. Dari kasus ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa komplikasi kronik aspirasi benda asing pada saluran napas bawah diantraanya ateletaksis, abses paru dan bronkiektasi. Usia muda mempengaruhi prognosis baik, karena gejala sisa tidak ditemukan pada kasus ini.
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Fu, Jun, Ming Ni, Jiying Chen, Xiang Li, Wei Chai, Libo Hao, Guoqiang Zhang, and Yonggang Zhou. "Reconstruction of Severe Acetabular Bone Defect with 3D Printed Ti6Al4V Augment: A Finite Element Study." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 14, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6367203.
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Purpose. The purpose of this study was to establish the finite element analysis (FEA) model of acetabular bone defect reconstructed by 3D printed Ti6Al4V augment and TM augment and further to analyze the stress distribution and clinical safety of augments, screws, and bones.Methods. The FEA model of acetabular bone defect reconstructed by 3D printed Ti6Al4V augment was established by the CT data of a patient with Paprosky IIIA defect. The von Mises stresses of augments, screws, and bones were analyzed by a single-legged stance loading applied in 3 increments (500 N, 2000 N, and 3000 N).Results. The peak von Mises stresses under the maximal loading in the 3D printed augments, screws, and cortical bone were less than the yield strength of the corresponding component. However, the peak stress in the bone was greater than the yield strength of cancellous bone under walking or jogging loading. And under the same loading, the peak compressive and shear stresses in bone contact with TM augment were larger than these with 3D printed augment.Conclusions. The FEA results show that all the components will be intact under single-legged standing. However, partial cancellous bone contacted with 3D printed augment and screws will lose efficacy under walking or jogging load. So we recommend that patients can stand under full bearing, but can not walk or jog immediately after surgery.
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Najim, Najim Hadi. "The synergistic bactericidal effects of bacteriocin and pressurization against E.coli O157:H7 in raw milk." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v38i1.249.
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Colonies of E.coli O157:H7 were isolated from 35 raw milk sample and their identification were confirmed based on biochemical reactions and both cultural and serological characteristics. Presumptive E.coli O157:H7 isolates obtained by selective plating on both CT-SMAC and Chromogenic agars were further tested serologically for the presence of both O157 and H7 antigenes using the commercial available latex agglutination test kit. The unhygienic practices in the production of milk in Al-Thahab Al- Abiedh , Abu-Graib, Al-Zedan and Khan Dharie were reflected on the highest significant (p<0.01)prevalence level of contamination with E.coli O157:H7 that appeared to be 80%, 80%, 60% and60% respectively. Homogenization pressure of 1000 psi and 2000 psi for five passes had significantly (p<0.05) influenced the inactivation degree of E.coli O157:H7 in both whole milk and nutrient broth. Milk homogenized at a pressure level of 3000 psi for three passes and 4000 psi for two passes resulted in a further increase of the antimicrobial effectiveness and produced an additional significant (p<0.05) reduction of E.coli O157:H7. Complete elimination (inactivation) of viable E.coli O157:H7 was achieved when cultured whole milk was homogenized at pressure level of 5000 psi for a single pass. Agar well diffusion bioassay was used for the evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the crude bacteriocin produced by L.acidophilus LA-K against E.coli O157:H7. Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157:H7 expressed its resistance to the crude bacteriocin since it did not show any inhibition zone around each well treated with bacteriocin. The average diameters of the inhibition zones of crude bacteriocin against stressed E.coli O157:H7 by pressurization at 4000 psi, 3000 psi, 2000 psi and 1000 psi were 14 mm, 12mm, 10mm and 8mm respectively. The homogenization pressure level (moderate or high) had significantly (p<0.05) influenced the inactivation degree of the crude bacteriocin against the stressed E.coli O157:H7 by pressurization. Quantitative measurement of crude bacteriocin antimicrobial activity was determined by using photometric or turbidometric method. The results revealed that no growth of stressed E.coli O157:H7 with no visible turbidity in the nutrient broth with bacteriocin that diluted to 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 were observed. Bacteriocin that diluted to 1/8 which resulted in no visible turbidity after overnight of incubation at 37C° and gave an optical density reading of 1.448.
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Loy, David N., Keith M. Rich, Joseph Simpson, Ian Dorward, Lakshmi Santanam, and Colin P. Derdeyn. "Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography imaging of a residual arteriovenous malformation nidus after Onyx embolization for stereotactic radiosurgery planning." Neurosurgical Focus 26, no. 5 (May 2009): E13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.1.focus08246.
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This report demonstrates that time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography is a useful adjunct for planning stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) after staged embolization with Onyx. Onyx (ethylene vinyl copolymer), a recently approved liquid embolic agent, has been increasingly used to exclude portions of large AVMs from the parent circulation prior to SRS. Limiting SRS to regions of persistent arteriovenous shunting and excluding regions eliminated by embolization may reduce unnecessary radiation doses to eloquent brain structures. However, SRS dosimetry planning presents unique challenges after Onyx embolization because it creates extensive artifacts on CT scans, and it cannot be delineated from untreated nidus on standard MR sequences. During the radiosurgery procedure, MR images were obtained using a GE Signa 1.5-T unit. Standard axial T2 fast spin echo high-resolution images (TR 3000 msec, TE 108 msec, slice thickness 2.5 mm) were generated for optimal visualization of brain tissue and AVM flow voids. The 3D TOF MR angiography images of the circle of Willis and vertebral arteries were subsequently obtained to visualize AVM regions embolized with Onyx (TR 37 msec, TE 6.9 msec, flip angle 20°). Adjunct TOF MR angiography images demonstrated excellent contrast between nidus embolized with Onyx and regions of persistent arteriovenous shunting within a large AVM prior to SRS. Additional information derived from these sequences resulted in substantial adjustments to the treatment plan and an overall reduction in the treated tissue volume.
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Pablo Goldschmidt. "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) detection pitfalls." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.2.0049.
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The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (CoVID 19) provoked by Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2) require science-based responses. The aim of this work is to assess pitfalls found during the search of viral genomes due to sampling timing, swabbing, storage, heat-infectivity inactivation and further sample processing. According to several meta-analysis, on the day of symptom onset, the median false-negative rate is estimated to be 38% and decreased to 20% on day 8 (3 days after symptom onset) then increased to 66% on day 21 suggesting that rRT-PCRs adds little information immediately after exposure. RNA isolation from samples requires cautious handling using RNase-free solutions, pipet tips and glassware. The rRT PCR detection limits are estimated between 39 and 779 copies/mL but 3000 to 20.000 copies/ml for the antigen test. External cross contamination by imperceptible splatting requires risk management integrating the Pharmacopoeias by processing at least 10 negative contiguous to 10 positive controls in each sennries of 100 tests. . For Ct >34 it was suggested no transmissible disease. The detection of antibodies one month or later after clinical signs may confirm positivity. Lack of immune response in non-immune compromised asymptomatic people may invalidate positivity. False positive disrupts efficiency for containing infections and leads to societal anxiety undermining health workforce. Because spurious methods create confusion, each step of diagnosis requires quality-control and risk assessment, knowing that rRT PCRs amplify more than 10.000 million times the signal of 1 viral element
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Sehn, Laurie H., Paul Hoskins, Richard Klasa, Tamara Shenkier, Randy D. Gascoyne, Francois Benard, Don Wilson, et al. "FDG-PET Scan Guided Consolidative Radiation Therapy Optimizes Outcome In Patients with Advanced-Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) with Residual Abnormalities on CT Scan Following R-CHOP." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.854.854.
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Abstract Abstract 854 Background: Residual abnormalities of uncertain significance are frequently seen on post-therapy CT scans in patients (pts) with advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) following treatment with R-CHOP. However, the value of consolidative radiation therapy (XRT) to these sites is unknown. FDG-PET scanning may allow for the discriminate use of XRT to eradicate sites of residual disease. Method: Since 2005, pts with advanced-stage DLBCL in British Columbia (BC) have been treated with a systematic policy recommending a post-chemotherapy PET scan for pts with residual abnormalities ≥2cm on CT scan, followed by XRT to PET-positive sites that are amenable to radiation. Pts with a negative PET scan are observed (regardless of initial or residual bulk), while pts with a PET scan that is widely positive and not suitable for XRT are treated at the discretion of individual physicians. All PET scans are performed in a central location using a combined PET/CT scanner; staging PET scans are not routinely performed. Using the databases of the BC Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer and Department of Functional Imaging, we identified all pts with newly diagnosed advanced-stage DLBCL between January 2005 and June 2009 treated with R-CHOP who underwent a post-treatment PET scan based on this management algorithm. This analysis does not include pts with primary progressive disease; pts with a complete remission on post-treatment CT scan; pts who were HIV positive; or those with transformed lymphoma. Results: 196 pts were identified with the following baseline characteristics: median age 64 y (range 18–89 y); 61% male; 62% stage III/IV; 41% PS>1; 21% >1 extranodal site; 57% elevated LDH; 46% bulky site ≥10cm; 56% IPI 0–2, 44% IPI 3–5. All pts received 3-weekly R-CHOP (6-8 cycles) with curative intent. Median follow-up for living pts is 32 mos (range 5–65 mos). 121/196 (62%) had a negative post-therapy PET (PET-Neg), 66/196 (34%) had a positive PET (PET-Pos), and 9 (4%) were indeterminate. Median SUV of PET-Pos scans was 3.4 (range 1.8–25). None of the PET-Neg pts received XRT. 51/66 (77%) of PET-Pos pts received XRT (3000-4000 cGy) to sites of PET positivity (46 single field, 5 multiple fields), with only 7 relapses to date. 15/66 (23%) PET-Pos pts did not receive XRT due to: multiple sites not amenable to XRT 11; physician choice 3; biopsy negative 1. Only 3/9 pts (33%) with an indeterminate PET received XRT. There was no difference in the 3-y PFS (80% v 75%, p=0.41) and 3-y OS (84% v 77%, p=0.10) between the PET-Neg and PET-Pos pts, respectively. The 3-y PFS was similar for PET-Pos pts who received XRT (84%) and PET-Neg pts (80%) and was superior to PET-Pos pts who did not receive XRT (42%). Pts with an indeterminate scan had a favorable outcome with a 3-y PFS of 89%. Conclusion: Pts with advanced-stage DLBCL who have residual abnormalities on CT scan following R-CHOP and receive consolidative radiation to sites of PET positivity have an outcome similar to pts with a negative post-therapy PET. The favorable outcome observed in the PET-positive cohort treated with XRT is higher than expected from historical reports, suggesting a benefit for the rational use of PET-guided XRT following chemotherapy for DLBCL. Pts who have residual abnormalities on CT scan that are PET-negative should be spared indiscriminate exposure to radiation as the majority have been cured with systemic therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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González-Dávila, M., J. M. Santana-Casiano, M. J. Rueda, and O. Llinás. "The water column distribution of carbonate system variables at the ESTOC site from 1995 to 2004." Biogeosciences 7, no. 10 (October 11, 2010): 3067–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3067-2010.
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Abstract. The accelerated rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and the substantial fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions absorbed by the oceans are affecting the anthropocenic signatures of seawater. Long-term time series are a powerful tool for investigating any change in ocean bio-geochemistry and its effects on the carbon cycle. We have evaluated the ESTOC (European Station for Time series in the Ocean at the Canary islands) observations of measured pH (total scale at 25 °C) and total alkalinity plus computed total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration (CT) from 1995 to 2004 for surface and deep waters, by following all changes in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The observed values for the surface partial pressure of CO2 from 1995 to 2008 were also taken into consideration. The data were treated to better understand the fundamental processes controlling vertical distributions in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean and the accumulation of anthropogenic CO2, CANT. CT at constant salinity, NCT, increased at a rate of 0.85 μmol kg−1 yr−1 in the mixed layer, linked to an fCO2 increase of 1.7±0.7 μatm yr−1 in both the atmosphere and the ocean. Consequently, the mixed layer at ESTOC site has also become more acidic, −0.0017±0.0003 units yr−1, whereas the carbonate ion concentrations and CaCO3 saturation states have also decreased over time. NCT increases at a rate of 0.53, 0.49 and 0.40 μmol kg−1 yr−1 at 300, 600, and 1000 m, respectively. The general processes controlling the vertical variations of alkalinity and the inorganic carbon distribution were computed by considering the pre-formed values, the production/decomposition of organic matter and the formation/dissolution of carbonates. At 3000 m, 30% of the inorganic carbon production is related to the dissolution of calcium carbonate, increasing to 35% at 3685 m. The total column inventory of anthropogenic CO2 for the decade was 66±3 mol m−2. A model fitting indicated that the column inventory of CANT increased from 61.7 mol m−2 in the year 1994 to 70.2 mol m−2 in 2004. The ESTOC site is presented as a reference site to follow CANT changes in the Northeast Atlantic Sub-tropical gyre.
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Setyadi, Ayu Uswatu Lissa Sapta, Yofentina Iriani, and Fahru Nurosyid. "Penumbuhan Lapisan Tipis Barium Titanat (BaTiO3) menggunakan Metode Sol-Gel dengan Variasi Mol." Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2 (November 28, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v2i0.16360.
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<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstra</strong><strong>ct</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>Preparation of Barium Titanate thin film (BaTiO3) has been done on Quartz substrate using sol gel method with spin coating technique. A thin film BaTiO3 wase made with a mole variation of 0.4 mol and 0.8 mol at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm. The samples were annealed at 400 ° C with 30 minutes stand-up time and at 900 ° C with 2 hours stand-up time and a heating rate of 5 ° C per minute. Characterization of optical properties samples was performed using UV-Vis spectrometers and characterization of microstructure samples using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The particle size was calculated by Scherer's formula. Based on the results of the analysis it was found that mole variation of the solution influenced the absorbance value, intensity, crystality level and BaTiO3 thin film particle size. The greater mole of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> solution the higher then absorbance value. The fewer then number of layers the greater then diffraction peak intensity. More number of layers the greater the level of crystallinity and particle size.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstra</strong><strong>k: </strong>Pembuatan lapisan tipis Barium Titanat (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) telah dilakukan diatas substrat Quartz menggunakan metode sol gel dengan teknik spin coating. Lapisan tipis BaTiO<sub>3 </sub>dibuat dengan variasi mol 0.4 mol dan 0.8 mol pada kecepatan putar 3000 rpm. Sampel diannealing pada suhu 400<sup>o</sup>C dengan waktu tahan 30 menit dan pada suhu 900<sup>o</sup>C dengan waktu tahan 2 jam dan kenaikan suhunya 5<sup>o</sup>C per menit. Karakterisasi sifat optik sampel dilakukan menggunakan spektrometer UV-Vis dan karakterisasi struktrur mikro sampel menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).Ukuran partikel dihitung dengan formula Scherer. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapat bahwa variasi mol larutan mempengaruhi mempengaruhi nilai absorbansi, intensitas, tingkat kekristalan dan ukuran partikel lapisan tipis BaTiO<sub>3</sub>. Semakin besar mol larutan BaTiO<sub>3 </sub>maka semakin tinggi nilai absorbansinya. Semakin sedikit jumlah lapisan maka intensitas puncak difraksi semakin besar. Semakin banyak jumlah lapisan maka semakin besar pula tingkat kekristalan dan ukuran partikel<em>. </em></p>
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Lederman, Ariel Joseph, Mordecha Loksen, Thomas Lowinger, Daniel Izon, and Gilbert S. Lederman. "Metastatic bladder neoplasms treated with stereotactic body radiosurgery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (January 10, 2016): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.397.
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397 Background: Stereotactic Body Radiosurgery (SBR) as treatment for metastatic bladder cancer delivers high dose radiation precisely to the site of cancer. In our prospective data analysis, 20 sites of extravesical bladder cancer treated with SBR were analyzed. Methods: Twenty metastatic bladder neoplasms were treated in 15 patients. Sixteen were transitional cell carcinoma, 2 adenocarcinoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma. Ages ranged from 39 to 82 years (mean 64) with 4 females and 11 males. Tumor volumes ranged from 10.2 to 563 cc (mean 129.8 cc). Patients were treated with 500-900 cGy (median 800) in 5-8 fractions (median 5) for a total dose of 3000-4500 cGy (median 4000). Cancers were radiographically evaluated with contrast CT and/or MRI studies and reviewed independently by radiologists. Disease control is defined as cessation of growth, shrinkage or disappearance of the tumor after treatment. Results: Follow-up ranged from 1 to 20 months (mean 8 months). The overall control rate was 90%. Both patients who did not respond to treatment were males with transitional cell carcinoma. By dose, volume, age, sex and prior treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in outcome among the 20 patients treated. Conclusions: SBR for metastatic bladder cancer offers a well-tolerated, non-invasive technique with a high rate of tumor control. Patients continue to be evaluated for longer follow up, possible benefits of local control and potential survival advantage. SBR remains an option for those whom standard approaches have not produced desired results or in patients seeking an alternative to surgical or chemotherapeutic treatment.
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Cheng-Long, Wu, Shi Cheng-Yin, Huang Jie, and Kong Xiao-Yu. "Real-time PCR assay for sensitive organ detection and epidemic investigation of Turbot reddish body iridovirus." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (April 2009): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479236209002605.
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AbstractA rapid and sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay coupled with SYBR Green I chemistry was developed for the quantitative detection of Turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) isolated from farmed turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). A 152 bp DNA fragment from the TRBIV major capsid protein (MCP) gene was involved in the real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay using the Roter Gene 3000 sequence detection system. The PCR mixture contained a fluorescent dye, SYBR Green I, which exhibited fluorescence enhancement when bound to double-stranded (ds) DNA. The enhancement of fluorescence was proportional to the initial concentration of the template DNA. The positive control plasmid, pUCm-T/TRBIV MCP, containing the target sequence, was quantified to make a standard curve for sample detection after serial tenfold dilution. Linear coefficient correlations between the cycle threshold (CT) value and logarithmic positive plasmid concentration were close to one (R2=0.9952) and the detection limit of the assay was 102 copies of positive plasmids. The quantitative detection of virus in different tissues from TRBIV-infected fish showed that the spleen and kidney contained the largest number of viral particles (5.23×106 and 2.18×106 viral genome copies/mg tissue, respectively), while no viral DNA was detected in the muscular tissue. The molecular epidemic investigation of TRBIV showed that many cultured turbots were infected and TRBIV has become epidemic in turbot farms located along the Shandong peninsula. The virus number varied from 1.27×102 to 2.33×106 viral genome copies/mg tissue in spleens of infected turbot. These results suggest that the RT-PCR assay reported here can be used as a rapid, sensitive and quantitative method for TRBIV.
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Ohno, Susumu. "Grammatical analysis of DNA sequences provides a rationale for the regulatory control of an entire chromosome." Genetics Research 56, no. 2-3 (October 1990): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300035187.
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SummaryRegardless of their origins, functions, and base compositions, all DNAs are scriptures written following the same grammatical rule. At the level of syllables, two, CG and TA are seldom used, while three, TG, CT and CA are utilized with abundance. Accordingly, at the level of three-letter words, two complementary base trimers, CTG and CAG, invariably enjoy frequent usage. Inasmuch as two of the three frequently used syllables, TG and CA are complementary to each other, while two seldom used syllables, CG and TA, are both palindromes, two complementary strands of DNA are inherently symmetrical with each other. Consequently, palindromic sequences as favourite targets of DNA-binding proteins occur at unsuspectedly high frequencies, if they contain TG and CA or CTG and CAG. Nevertheless, there are grammatical rules operating among these high frequency palindromes as well; e.g. the palindromic tetramer TGCA occurs nearly two times more often than its reciprocal; CATG. Thus, DNA-binding proteins are provided with a wealth of abundant targets whose densities are influenced by a regional difference in GC/AT ratios to variable degrees. One palindromic heptamer CAGNCTG is an ideal target of one DNA-binding protein engaged in chromosome packaging and in generation of banding patterns. This heptamer occurs once every 1000 bases in moderately GC-rich sequences, while its incidence is reduced to once every 3000 bases in extremely AT-rich sequences. The above must be the very reason that a solitary human X-chromosome DNA coated with mouse DNA-binding proteins in mouse-man somatic hybrids still maintains the original banding pattern and that the inactive X remains inactive, while the active X remains active.
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Narayana, U., and P. Nirodi. "Voltage Gated Potassium Channel Antibody(VGKC)-associated Encephalopathy and Psychiatric Symptoms (case report)." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S660—S661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1115.
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Introduction and ObjectivesThe limbic system is primarily responsible for modulating behaviour, emotions and neuro-endocrine functions. Limbic encephalopathy involves this part of the brain and is characterised by the acute or sub-acute onset of seizures, recent memory loss, confusion and psychiatric symptoms. Here we describe an unusual presentation of a well-functioning elderly man, who presented with sudden onset of confusion, cognitive impairment, treatment resistant hyponatremia, seizures and psychiatric symptoms.Methods (Presentation)This 79 year old gentleman, previously well and independent was admitted to the acute hospital with a 3 week history of sudden onset of confusion, odd behaviour and weight loss. On admission he was hyponatremic (Na-118), developed treatment resistant seizures and progressive cognitive impairment. He was referred to the Liaison Psychiatry team with increasing paranoia, agitation and persecutory delusions.ResultsMRI and CT brain remained normal. Lumbar puncture revealed a positive VGKC antibody and his blood titres for VGKC was more than 3000. His hyponatremia and seizures remained chronic, but improved with plasmapheresis, oral corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. He was commenced on aripiprazole for psychiatric symptoms, but was transferred to the acute psychiatric unit after being detained under section 2 of the MHA due to risks of aggression and absconsion.ConclusionsPsychiatric symptoms related to this form of encephalitis have not been emphasised in literature. His aggression improved over time on aripiprazole, but was transferred to a residential care home setting due to persisting cognitive deficits and social care needs This case highlights the importance of recognising multimorbidity, joint working and more research required in the area.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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González-Dávila, M., J. M. Santana-Casiano, M. J. Rueda, and O. Llinás. "The water column distribution of carbonate system variables at the ESTOC site from 1995 to 2004." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 2 (March 18, 2010): 1995–2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-1995-2010.
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Abstract. The accelerated rate of increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and the substantial fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions absorbed by the oceans are affecting the anthropocenic properties of seawater. Long-term time series are a powerful tool for investigating any change in ocean bio-geochemistry and its effects on the carbon cycle. We have evaluated the ESTOC (European Station for Time series in the Ocean at the Canary islands) observations of measured pH (total scale at 25 °C) and total alkalinity plus computed total dissolved inorganic carbon CO2 concentration (CT) from 1995 to 2004 for surface and deep waters, by following all changes in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The experimental values for the partial surface pressure of CO2 from 1995 to 2008 were also taken into consideration. The data were treated to better understand the fundamental processes controlling vertical distributions in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean and the accumulation of anthropogenic CO2, CANT. CT at constant salinity, NCT, increased at a rate of 1 μmol kg−1 yr−1 in the first 200 m, linked to an fCO2 increase of 1.7±0.7 μatm yr−1 in both the atmosphere and the ocean. Consequently, the ESTOC site has also become more acidic, −0.0018±0.0003 units yr−1 over the first 100 m, whereas the carbonate ion concentrations and CaCO3 saturation states have also decreased over time. The rate of change is to be observed over the first 1000 m, where at 300, 600, and 1000 m the NCT increases at a rate of 0.69, 0.61 and 0.48 μmol kg−1 yr−1, respectively. The vertical distribution of the carbonate system variables are affected by the water mass structure and, to a different extent, controlled by the production/decomposition of organic matter, the formation/dissolution of carbonates, and differences in their respective pre-formed values. At 3000 m, 30% of the inorganic carbon production is related to the dissolution of calcium carbonate, with a total of 35% at the bottom. The total column inventory of anthropogenic CO2 for the decade was 66±3 mol m−2. A model fitting indicated that the column inventory of CANT increased from 61.7 mol m−2 in the year 1994 to 70.2 mol m−2 in 2004. The ESTOC site is presented by way of a reference site to follow CANT changes in the North Atlantic Sub-tropical gyre.
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Williams, Traycie, Paul Plummer, Mandy Blackburn, Timothy Garrett, Vasilis Vasiliou, Jeremy Koelmel, and Meera Penumetcha. "Quantifying Oxidized Lipids in Oven Fried and Deep Fried Potatoes: A Three-Way Analysis by LOI, Chemical Assays, and Lipidomics." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa052_058.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Standard chemical methods that determine oxidized lipids in foods are laborious and require toxic chemicals. Our goal was to develop a mathematical lipid oxidation index (LOI) to predict oxidized lipid content of oven fried (OF) and deep fried (DF) potatoes and compare it to standard chemical assays and redox lipidomic analyses. Methods We calculated the LOI value of each recipe using a mathematical formula which consisted of the parameters of 16 nutrients, time and temperature. Next, we OF and DF potatoes in soy, olive, and walnut oils and then extracted oil from the cooked potatoes using the modified Hara and Radin method. We assayed samples of each oil to quantify the conjugated diene (CD), conjugated triene (CT), peroxide (PV), acid (AV), and p-Anisidine (p-Ad) values. In addition, aliquots of each oil sample were sent to collaborators to determine the relative value of oxidized lipids by mass spectrometry and lipidomic informatics. Results Overall, the chemical assays demonstrated that oven frying promoted significantly more oxidation than deep frying. Potatoes OF in walnut oil had greater mean CD (24.1 ± 0.44 vs 19.45 ± 0.06), CT (16.43 ± 0.25 vs 15.67 ± 0.12), AV (0.29 ± 0.01 vs 0.14 ± 0.003), PV (361 ± 7.6 vs 200 ± 6.06), and p-Ad (0.50 ± 0.03 vs 0.14 ± 0.01) when compared to DF potatoes (P ≤ 0.05). This increase in lipid oxidation was not consistent for potatoes prepared with soy and olive oils. LOI predicted a two-fold increase in lipid oxidation in OF potatoes as compared to DF potatoes no matter the type of oil (soy: 308 vs 150; olive: 319 vs; walnut: 330 vs 161). Finally, lipidomic analysis revealed a similar trend in the relative amounts of total oxidized lipids in OF potatoes (soy oil: 24% vs 12%; olive oil: 22% vs 7%; walnut oil 31% vs 17%) and was used to tentatively annotate over 3000 unique oxidized lipids. Conclusions This preliminary study demonstrates that two of the three methods, LOI and lipidomic analysis, are in good agreement in quantifying lipid oxidation in OF and DF potatoes. However, the suboptimal agreement of the chemical assays suggests that the parameters of LOI require further examination. Funding Sources MP is funded by a grant from the Research Dietetic Practice Group (RDPG)/Sugar Association. TW is funded by the Regina Myers McClain Foundation at UCM for his work as a research assistant.