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Zengmin, Tian, Liu Zonghui, Huang Caibao, and Li Shiyue. "1500 CT-guided stereotactic operations." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 99 (July 1997): S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(97)82015-x.
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Wieder, H., J. Czernin, B. N. Navar, O. Israel, T. Beyer, and L. S. Freudenberg. "Variations of clinical SPECT/CT operations." Nuklearmedizin 51, no. 04 (2012): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0467-12-01.
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SummaryAim: This survey gathers information about clinical SPECT/CT operations worldwide to help guide standardization of clinical SPECT/ CT imaging. Methods: An international, webbased survey of SPECT/CT users was initiated in 12/2010 through an e-mail distribution. Users were asked 71 questions related to (A) demographics, (B) SPECT/CT operations/utilization and (C) variations in imaging protocols. Results: Collected responses originated from 117 imaging centers in the Americas (66%), Europe (20%), Asia-Pacific (11%) and the Middle-East (3%), with the majority of responding sites representing public health care institutions (69%). Most sites operate 1–2 SPECT/CT-systems (74%), typically installed in Nuclear Medicine departments (84%) with extensive prior SPECT-only experience (82%). Only 14% of SPECT/CTs are installed in Radiology departments. Clinical SPECT/CT imaging is performed either as routine (51%) or ad-hoc “add-on” procedure (49%) with a high inter-site and inter-examination variability. The main application of the integrated CT is to provide anatomical localization of the tracer uptake rather than to produce contrast enhanced or other high-quality CT images. Consequently, in only 22% of the sites a CT contrast injector is installed. Only 6% of centers use SPECT/CT devices for stand-alone CT procedures. Conclusion: An international survey among clinical SPECT/CT users revealed that SPECT/CT is a not a routine component of nuclear medicine procedures. The majority of the centers responding do not fully utilize the diagnostic potential of the CT components. Significant variations in standard imaging protocols were observed. These findings illustrate the need for training and standardization and underscore the need for revisiting the role of SPECT/CT in diagnostic imaging.
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Livescu, Silviu, Steven Craig, and Bill Aitken. "Fluid-Hammer Effects on Coiled-Tubing Friction in Extended-Reach Wells." SPE Journal 22, no. 01 (June 28, 2016): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179100-pa.
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Summary The lateral reach and residual bottomhole-assembly (BHA) loads in extended-reach wells strongly depend on the coiled-tubing (CT) mechanical friction. Detailed CT-friction modeling becomes crucial in the prejob planning stage to ensure successful job predictability. However, current numerical simulators consider constant coefficients of friction (CoFs) that are determined from similar operations without taking into account the effects of the operational and downhole parameters on the CoF for a specific operation. This study outlines the modeling of CT-friction force, CoF, and axial BHA loads depending on the operational and downhole parameters when a fluid-hammer tool is used. Recent theoretical, laboratory, and field data have established how CoF depends on the downhole parameters (Livescu and Wang 2014; Livescu and Watkins 2014; Livescu et al. 2014a, b; Livescu and Craig 2015). Previously, these effects were not considered in the CT numerical models, leading to significant CoF differences among available commercial simulators. For instance, the default CoFs in the current prejob simulations for cased holes, when no lubricant or friction-reducing tools such as fluid-hammer tools and tractors are used, vary between 0.24 and 0.30 or even higher. This makes it extremely difficult to consistently evaluate and compare the friction-reduction effects of lubricants, fluid-hammer tools, and tractors in extended-reach wells, especially when the field operator may be consulting with several service companies that use different commercial force-modeling software. This study presents the CT-force matching and fundamental physics on the basis of modeled fluid forces, including radial forces, drag forces, and, most importantly, pressure forces on the CT-friction forces caused by fluid-hammer tools. Extending the method of characteristics, regularly used for studying pressure pulses in straight pipes, the perturbations method also accounts for the helical shape of the CT. The new CT fluid-hammer model is validated against laboratory data. This rigorous method for calculating the axial BHA load and reduced CT-friction force caused by radial vibrations can be easily implemented in currently available tubing-force analysis (TFA) software for CT operations. This novel approach, which uses detailed CT mechanical-friction modeling to take into account parameters such as temperature, internal pressure, pumping rate, and others, improves predictions for CT reach in lateral wells. These findings broaden the current industry understanding of the CT mechanical friction modeling in extended-reach wells, and show benefits for the industry when considering variable friction modeling in commercial CT simulators.
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Feder, Judy. "Best Practices for Avoiding Erosion in Annular Fracturing." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 06 (June 1, 2021): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0621-0046-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 204417, “Avoiding Erosion: Best Practices for Coiled Tubing Annular Fracturing Operations,” by Kaveh Yekta, SPE, and Jamie Fenwick, SPE, Essential Energy Services, and Kevin Elliott, SPE, NOV, et al., prepared for the 2021 SPE/ICoTA Virtual Well Intervention Conference, 22–25 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The onset of erosion of coiled tubing (CT) strings may be difficult to predict in annular fracturing operations. The complete paper describes a methodology of verifying that CT strings have not been subject to erosion caused by annular fracturing operations. An exploration of pumping rates used on these strings in operations also provides field-tested practical guidelines for avoiding erosion when performing annular fracturing jobs. Inspection A CT string may be exposed to erosion in the outer surface during CT annular fracturing operations. The critical parameters that may influence the magnitude of erosion include fracturing pump rate, sand concentration, fluid rheology, wellbore geometry, and the grade of CT string. One measurable parameter to examine the string’s suitability is the wall thickness for each section. The CT strings discussed in the complete paper were sent for inspection to learn about the effect of the fracturing treatment. A series of nondestructive tests was conducted pre- and post-operation to evaluate the readiness of strings for subsequent operations. The complete paper includes two graphs related to the results of these tests. Materials The API 5ST specification requires using eddy current (EC) inspection for CT. With respect to API 5ST, quenched and tempered tubing had not been addressed at the time of this paper’s submission, so it is not clear whether the CT manufacturers employ EC techniques after quenching and tempering. However, it is expected that all tubing will be subject to EC inspection at least before any quenching and tempering operations. Inspection methodology and equipment consistency is important to establish a baseline inspection necessary for subsequent comparisons. In the case of the CT strings used in this study, all were subject to EC inspection at tubing manufacturing and then subsequently inspected by an outside, third-party vendor using magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technology when spooling the strings on the unit. No known third-party EC vendors can inspect string lengths of CT, so MFL inspection is the only available solution. Photographs of CT inspections taken at the manufacturing facility and the service and distribution point are included in the paper. Several commercial third-party inspection companies operate in North America, where this work was performed. Provided that the inspection can begin by identifying features in the calibration standard (often a through-drilled hole), the selection of inspection methodology is primarily a matter of preference for the service company and operator.
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Geterud, K., Ch Henriksson, S. Pettersson, and B. F. Zachrisson. "Computed Tomography after Percutaneous Renal Stone Extraction." Acta Radiologica 28, no. 1 (January 1987): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518702800111.
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Eighty patients were examined with computed tomography (CT) of the kidney and the retroperitoneal space after percutaneous stone extraction. Most examinations were done within a week after the operation. The morphologic changes were usually small or none. In 7 patients minor renal or perirenal fluid collections were found. Their operations had been complicated by bleeding or leakage. In 66 patients CT was compared with conventional radiographs. Residual stones were more often detected by CT. They were usually small. Percutaneous renal stone extraction is considered a safe and efficient method.
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Zhu, Jun, Feng Tang, and Ye Gu. "A prospective study on the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath and computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle aspiration." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 10 (January 1, 2018): 175883401775226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758834017752269.
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Background: It is difficult to collect peripheral lung cancer samples. This study analyzed the applicability of endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) and computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle aspiration (CT-TTNA) for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. Methods: A prospective analysis of peripheral lung cancer patients was performed. The study included 150 cases in the EBUS-GS group and 177 cases in the CT-TTNA group. The diagnostic rate, pathological type, genetic status and complications were analyzed. Results: The diagnosis rates were 64.0% and 97.7% in the EBUS-GS and CT-TTNA groups, respectively. The EBUS-GS group had undergone the most operations of the upper lobes of both lungs, while there was no significant difference in the operation distribution among the lobes in the CT-TTNA group. Adenocarcinoma (64 cases versus 51 cases) was most commonly observed in both groups, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. The detection rates of patients who were given a genetic test were 96.1% and 98.9% in the EBUS-GS and CT-TTNA groups, respectively. The incidence of complications in the EBUS-GS group was significantly less than that in the CT-TTNA group. Conclusions: EBUS-GS and CT-TTNA both had operational limitations. The diagnostic rate of EBUS-GS was lower than that of CT-TTNA, but there were fewer complications. CT-TTNA had better tolerance. According to the specific location of the lesion, we recommend EBUS-GS for lesions with a diameter ⩽30 mm and CT-TTNA for lesions with a diameter >30 mm. CT-TTNA specimens were advantageous for genetic testing.
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Livescu, Silviu, and Steven Craig. "Increasing Lubricity of Downhole Fluids for Coiled-Tubing Operations." SPE Journal 20, no. 02 (July 23, 2014): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/168298-pa.
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Summary The requirement for intervention operations in long-reach lateral wells continues to grow. In the US, it is not uncommon to be asked to run coiled tubing (CT) in 10,000-ft laterals. In general terms, a 2-in. CT typically has enough weight reserves to perform work to approximately half such a lateral. Even though increasing the CT diameter remains a theoretical option to improve reach, practically, it creates logistical challenges with both road transport and offshore crane-lifting/deck-loading limitations. Although fluid-hammer tools and downhole tractors have extended the reasonable operational range of CT significantly, they also increase circulating pressures and operational complexity. To reach a 10,000-ft lateral, the use of metal-on-metal lubricants will be required to work in conjunction with the other systems. Obviously, the use of lubricants is not new. Typical real-life results of current systems are approximately a 15 to 20% reduction in the coefficient of friction (CoF) from a generic 0.24 to 0.19. Occasionally, one could obtain smaller CoF values in the field. However, these actual results compare poorly to laboratory testing with a high-pressure rotational friction test. An extensive set of laboratory measurements was carried out with a linear-friction measuring device to understand and quantify the mechanical, chemical, and thermal metal-on-metal wet frictional effects. Particular attention was paid to the synergy between lubricants and the other commonly circulated brines and fluid friction reducers. Other tests, such as regained-permeability and aging tests were also performed. Arising from the trials is a new lubricant that reduced the linear CoF by approximately 40 to 60% (0.10 to 0.12) under downhole conditions. Friction reduction of this magnitude is expected to make it feasible to run CT in 10,000-ft laterals without the use of fluid-hammer tools or tractors. The paper details the new testing method, technical background of frictional drag, existing lubricant case histories, the new laboratory data, details of compatibility tests, and two new-lubricant case histories.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Design and Safety Considerations for Coiled Tubing Operations in Geothermal Wells." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 07 (July 1, 2021): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0721-0051-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30408, “Design and Safety Considerations To Perform Coiled Tubing Operations in Large-Diameter, High-Temperature Geothermal Wells,” by Ishaan Singh, SPE, Danny Aryo Wijoseno, SPE, and Kellen Wolf, Schlumberger, et al., prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, originally scheduled to be held in Kuala Lumpur, 17–19 August. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. The productive section in a high-pressure, high-temperature (HP/HT) geothermal Field A in the Philippines features shallow and deep reservoirs separated by a low-permeability formation. However, recent years have seen a reduction in production levels. To activate and enhance well production, coiled tubing (CT) nitrogen-lift operations were required. CT simulations were combined with simulations from the geothermal reservoir to overcome modeling limitations. The outcome helped the design of a new cooling-loop system and allowed optimization of the nitrogen-lift technique. As a result, two large-diameter geothermal wells were lifted safely with 2-in. CT. Introduction This study describes design and safety considerations in performing CT operations in high-temperature, large- diameter geothermal wells. The customized high-temperature-grade seal material was chosen to withstand high bottomhole temperatures (BHT) (600°F), and a heat exchanger riser system was designed and tested on the job to handle high-surface-temperature steam (350–400°F), thus mitigating potential well-control incidents. Challenges of Seal Damage Caused by High Surface Temperatures in Live Well Intervention The CT interventions in quenched HP/HT geothermal wells reduce the risk of surface equipment failure. The seal material readily available in the market is rated to 250°F, but, if quenching is not possible, the high-temperature steam (approximately 350–400°F) may flow into the pressure-control equipment, leading to seal damage and CT contingencies. At high temperatures (400°F), these seals are unusable. It becomes essential to use a surface heat exchange riser (HER) system to prevent this issue. Design and Execution of HER Systems in Field A To avoid any well contingency and to keep pressure-control equipment safe, HER systems can be used. Some basic designs for HERs are described in the complete paper. For this study, a customized 4.06-in. HER cooling system (Design 1, shown in Fig. 1) was designed to accommodate 2-in. CT pipe. Design 1 was chosen from an evaluation of three design candidates outlined in the complete paper. The wellhead stack featured seal elements rated to high temperatures (400°F). To prevent high- temperature steam from entering the wellhead stack, the blowout preventer, and other surface- equipment elements, an efficient HER system was designed wherein, while the CT is still in the well performing CT operations, the cold water can be pumped into the CT-stack annulus from the top flow cross through the cooling riser to the bottom flow cross and back to the return tank. The temperature of the cooling loop was continuously monitored to ensure that it was well below 212°F (the boiling point of water).
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Rae, Shivani, Samuel Hall, Owen Sparrow, Nijaguna Mathad, Ryan Waters, and Aabir Chakraborty. "Time-Critical Transfers for Paediatric Neurosurgical Emergencies Operated on Out-of-Hours at a Tertiary Neurosurgical Centre: A Single Centre Experience." Neurosurgery 84, no. 5 (March 23, 2019): E272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz001.p1.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Recommendations suggest operating within 4 hr of acute brain injury. Centralization of paediatric neurosurgical and intensive care facilities therefore necessitates prompt assessment and transfer. METHODS A retrospective audit of out-of-hours operations at a tertiary neurosurgical center over 2013 to 2016 identified 36 patients (mean age 8 yr (SD = 5); male n = 21) from consultant records and case notes. Initial GCS, transfer timings and 3-mo Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) were recorded. RESULTS A total of 36 emergency surgeries were performed: hematoma evacuation (n = 17), CSF diversion (n = 16), posterior fossa tumor debulking (n = 1), depressed skull fracture elevation (n = 1) and decompressive craniectomy (n = 1). Median GCS at presentation was 8.5 (range: 3-15). Twenty operations began within 4 hr of CT. Twenty-nine patients presented to district general hospitals, underwent imaging before transfer; their mean CT to arrival time was 197.8 (SD = 70.7) min and CT to operation time was 271.7 (SD = 123.1) min. Three-mo outcomes were: GOS 5 (n = 24), 4 (n = 5), 3 (n = 2) and 1 (n = 5); these were dichotomized into favorable (GOS 4–5) or unfavorable (GOS 1–3). Fisher's exact tests found no significant association between outcome favorability and timing of operation (whether within 4 hr of CT) (P = .43), or operation type (hematoma evacuation vs CSF diversion) (P = .22). Initial GCS did not significantly correlate with GOS (rs = 0.30, P = .10). CONCLUSION The majority of outcomes were favorable regardless of whether surgery occurred within 4 hr of CT. This suggests underlying pathology may have a greater impact on poor outcomes than the transfer time, highlighting the importance of early scanning and neurosurgical referral to facilitate prompt decision-making.
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Beyer, T., J. Czernin, and L. S. Freudenberg. "Variations in Clinical PET/CT Operations: Results of an International Survey of Active PET/CT Users." Journal of Nuclear Medicine 52, no. 2 (January 13, 2011): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.079624.
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Kong, Siu Cheung, and Lam For Kwok. "Modeling a cognitive tool for teaching the addition/subtraction of common fractions." International Journal of Cognition and Technology 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2002): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijct.1.2.07kon.
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The case study reported here models a Cognitive Tool (CT) for primary school children to learn common fraction addition/subtraction with unlike denominators. In the study, we developed a CT based on a cognitive task analysis of the domain. We then observed how 12 learners used this CT to understand fraction operations based on a knowledge of fraction equivalence. Results of the study indicate that the support offered by the CT aids learners with higher ability in mathematics to produce cognitive residues. The graphical partitioning model helps to link the concrete operations of partitioning with the abstract idea of a common denominator required for adding/subtracting fractions with unlike denominators. However, learners who have failed to develop the knowledge of fraction equivalence, which includes the concept of equivalence and the ways of finding it, cannot gain much from working with the CT. A model of affordances for improving the design of the CT to meet the diverse needs of learners is discussed.
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Viu, Antonia. "Selección y digestión en “revistas de revistas” latinoamericanas (1930-1950)." Catedral Tomada. Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana 6, no. 11 (January 3, 2019): 170–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ct/2018.364.
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This paper studies Latin American clipping magazines from the first half of the 20thcentury as digestsof world press or “digestive” systems in a material way. This digestive system, based on clipping and pasting in a new context, can be explained by identifying different operations which set the basis for a methodology for the analysis of this kind of magazines. In order to do this, the paper proposes a theoretical and critical discussion to think digestionand to give a description of this methodology, which is then exemplified in two specific cases: one from Babel. Revista de revistas (1939-1940), during his Chilean period edited by Enrique Espinoza, and the other from Ultra. Revista de revistas (1936-1947), Cuban magazine directed by ethnographer Fernando Ortiz.
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Höhne, Karl Heinz, and William A. Hanson. "Interactive 3D Segmentation of MRI and CT Volumes using Morphological Operations." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 16, no. 2 (March 1992): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199203000-00019.
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Shin, Yong-Min, Young-Ho Kim, and Byung-Ki Kim. "An Experience Type Virtual Reality Training System for CT(Computerized Tomography) Operations." KIPS Transactions:PartD 14D, no. 5 (August 31, 2007): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2007.14-d.5.501.
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Cabrera, Mario Federico David. "Feminismo y escritura: los ensayos de Diamela Eltit." Catedral Tomada. Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana 7, no. 12 (July 26, 2019): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ct/2019.384.
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I propose in this article to look into the essays of Diamela Eltit and focus on two topics: feminism and writing. For this purpose, I will analyze a text corpus published in the books Emergencias (2000), Signos vitales (2008) and Réplicas (2016) from three ideological and discursive operations: the deconstruction of the body, the recognition of the female literary genealogy and the reflection about writing. My hypothesis is that the author’s essay practice constitutes a critical exercise through which a multiplicity of voices is summoned in order to denature and reconsider the paths of the body, the subjectivity and the language within the frame of the contemporary societies. The theoretical and methodological frame tends to articulate the knowledge of cultural studies and of feminist critique. For this reason, this paper is not only expecte to explore a poorly tackled facet within the studies about Eltit, but also to characterize the variations and tensions related to feminism and writing that gravitate in her literary work.
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Iyer, Ranganath K., Joseph Rodgers Steele, Habib Tannir, and Steve Venable. "Construct a computer simulation model to replicate CT operations for decreasing delayed procedure starts." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2014): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.132.
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132 Background: Patients scheduled to undergo computed tomography (CT) should be treated expeditiously and not delayed owing to a lack of either CT scanner capacity or available staff. Delayed scanning affects both patients and staff in several ways. First, patients are unhappy that they have to wait. Also, delayed scanning makes patient late for their next appointments or other events, which affects the downstream departments’ capability to operate effectively and efficiently. In addition, radiologists and their staff have to commit additional time and resources to processing patients on time. Finally, variability in the placement of patients reduces the scanner’s operating efficiency. The aim of this initiative is to optimize the appointment template using simulation software to reduce the rate of delayed CT procedures by 25% or more by the end of 2014. Methods: To further understand the CT queuing process, we hired 2 graduate students to create a simulation model using the data collected from the operations study. The simulation study modeled patients’ experience from their arrival to discharge and the steps were: (a) performed elemental analysis for each process; (b) cceated value stream map; (c) created high-level simulation model and “mini model” using operational data. The simulation models were presented to department leaders, who approved them. The models clearly showed that the time patients spent on the CT scanner was the bottleneck. Results: Changes in the CT area that have impacted on-time starts and average wait time include: (a) new fast-track for no interview patients and (b) changes in staffing hours. Progress and improvement include (a.) On-time delays decreased by 18% and (b.) a verage wait decreased by 8 minutes (19%). Conclusions: Discrete event simulation accounts for the probabilities and uncertainties associated with the processes and helps create a visual model of the work area. This adds confidence to decision makers’ ability to make decisions that have high impact. Also, the models can be used to test changes in the processes and study the impact on other processes without making true operational changes that could potentially waste resources and time.
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Singh, Lakhwinder Pal, and Jagtar Singh. "Optimization of Cutting Parameters using Cryogenically Treated High Speed Steel Tool by Taguchi Application." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 3, no. 1 (January 2013): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2013010102.
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In the field of mechanical engineering, engineers are always looking for ways to improve the properties of materials. Cryogenic treatment of tooling steels is a proven technology to increase wear resistance and extend intervals between component replacements. The main idea of this paper is to apply Taguchi method to optimize cutting parameters in turning operation using cryogenic treated (CT) and untreated (UT) high speed steel (HSS) tools, so that the scope of cryogenic treatment on HSS tool material may be presented for the benefit of medium and small scale industry using HSS tools for cutting operation. Taguchi L25 orthogonal array is employed to study the performance characteristics in turning operations of AISI 1020 steel bars using CT and UT HSS tools. The microstructure has been found more refined and uniformly distributed after cryogenic treatment of HSS tool. It has been observed that optimum machining parameters in both the cases (CT HSS and UT HSS tools) are higher cutting speed (49.9 to 75.7 m/min.), lower feed rate (0.15 mm/rev.), medium depth of cut (0.40 mm). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that the cutting speed is most significant parameter followed by feed rate in case of CT HSS tool and depth of cut in case of UT HSS tool.
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Sturgeon, Cord. "Revisits and Readmissions after Ambulatory Thyroid Operations Are Related to the Extent of Surgery and Are Mostly due to Hypocalcemia." Clinical Thyroidology 27, no. 6 (June 2015): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ct.2015;27.137-139.
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Bergmann, H., B. Geist, M. Schaffarich, A. Hirtl, M. Hacker, T. Beyer, and I. Rausch. "Variation of system performance, quality control standards and adherence to international FDG-PET/CT imaging guidelines." Nuklearmedizin 53, no. 06 (2014): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0665-14-05.
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Summary Aim: To gather information on clinical operations, quality control (QC) standards and adoption of guidelines for FDG-PET/CT imaging in Austrian PET/CT centres. Methods: A written survey composed of 68 questions related to A) PET/CT centre and installation, B) standard protocol parameters for FDG-PET/CT imaging of oncology patients, and C) standard QC procedures was conducted between November and December 2013 among all Austrian PET/CT centres. In addition, a NEMA-NU2 2012 image quality phantom test was performed using standard whole-body imaging settings on all PET/CT systems with a lesion-to- background ratio of 4. Recovery coefficients (RC) were calculated for each lesion and PET/ CT system. Resu lts: A) 13 PET/CT systems were installed in 12 nuclear medicine departments at public hospitals. B) Average fasting prior to FDG-PET/CT was 7.6 (4-12) h. All sites measured blood glucose levels while using different cut-off levels (64%: 150 mg/dl). Weight- based activity injection was performed at 83% sites with a mean FDG activity of 4.1 MBq/kg. Average FDG uptake time was 55 (45-75) min. All sites employed CT contrast agents (variation from 1 %-95% of the patients). All sites reported SUV-max. C) Frequency of QC tests varied significantly and QC phantom measurements revealed significant differences in RCs. Conclusion: Significant variations in FDG-PET/CT protocol parameters among all Austrian PET/CT users were observed. subsequently, efforts need to be put in place to further standardize imaging protocols. At a minimum clinical PET/CT operations should ensure compliance with existing guidelines. Further, standardized QC procedures must be followed to improve quantitative accuracy across PET/CT centres.
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Nishi, Ryosuke, Yasuhiko Fujita, and Teruyoshi Amagai. "A Staged Operation as a Surgical Strategy for a Patient with Type VI Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 15, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000518018.
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An isolated superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection (ISMAD) is extremely rare among visceral artery dissections. Its diagnosis is made by abdominal contrast CT scan which shows SMA occlusion partially or completely. The ISMAD is classified into 6 types: type I–V has partial occlusion and treated medically using antiplatelets or anticoagulants. On the other hand, type VI has complete occlusion and must be treated by urgent surgical operation. We present a 67-year-old female who presented with sudden onset abdominal pain and melena. An urgent contrast CT revealed type VI ISMAD. She underwent 3 staged operations as follows: (1) first, as laparotomy showed pale color in almost the extensive length of the small intestine, arterial bypassing of SMA was undertaken using SMA to the right common iliac artery bypass; (2) as the second-look operation on the next day, the terminal ileum was resected, and the remaining small intestine was able to be preserved. However, when the abdomen was tried to be closed, systemic blood pressure decreased to pre-shock condition, so the abdominal wall was closed at skin level with silastic sheet. (3) As the third-look operation on the 7th day, ileostomy was created, and the abdominal wall was safely closed. The postoperative course was uneventful. This case study shows that SMA grafting and staged operations might be an option to preserve the length of the small intestine when ISMAD is diagnosed as type VI.
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Yang, Jun, Xi Meng, Xue Long Zhang, and Tian Xia. "Utilizing CodedUI Script to Realize the CT Scanning Procedure Automatically Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.593.
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It is indispensable and effective to utilize automatic software test method to verify the steady operations and stable performance of scanning procedures for CTs system. Directing at the problems which are encountered during the progress of the automatic test program development, In this paper, we discuss how to deal with such problems as windows blocking, identify control, one click start up to make sure the manual automatic test code explored via the Coded UI is useful and robust. It is the final targets too realize the stable operations of multiple CT scanning procedures.
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Cerna, Christina M. "Georgia v. Russia (II) (Eur. Ct. H.R. (Grand Chamber))." International Legal Materials 60, no. 5 (June 10, 2021): 713–882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2021.19.
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Georgia v. Russia (II) is only the first judgment since Bankovic in which the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has examined the question of jurisdiction in an interstate case involving military operations in the context of an international armed conflict (IAC).
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Wang, Zhibo, Jianjie Wei, Haiyun Liu, and Yuanlin Gu. "Comparison Analysis of Robot-Assisted Computed Tomography Navigation System and Manual Freehand Technique in Orthopedic Surgery." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2019.2640.
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Background and Objective: At present, the robot system and CT guidance system play a significant role in minimally invasive orthopedic surgery, because it is a precise and flexible manipulator that work in confined and complex surgical environments. The robot and CT assisted operations will become increasingly important in orthopedic surgery and in residents' education. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the application value of robot system and CT guidance system in orthopedic surgery. Methods: Firstly, a predesigned questionnaire investigation was carried out in our hospital, and 12 professionals received this questionnaire. Their private opinions on robot system and CT guidance system applied in orthopedic surgery were assessed, respectively. And then, a retrospective survey was performed on the basis of 51 medical records of patients suffering from orthopedic disorders, and all the patients ever reveived orthopedic surgery, under the guidance of a robot-assisted CT navigation system, or by the freehand technique. And the detailed surgical procedures and therapeutic effect were compared between the two groups. In addition, the informed consents of patients were obtained beforehand, and this research protocol was approved by institutional review board in our hospital. Results: The robot system and CT guidance applied in orthopedic surgery has become more popular than before in recent years. In terms of questionnaire, 12 surgeons received this investigation, but the number of validated questionnaires was 11, the response rate was 91.67% (11/12). This kind of training of robot and CT assistant orthopedic surgery varied from a training program by intuitive surgical, master-apprenticeship, fellowship, and self-designed training programs. Most respondents supported the viewpoint that a professional training program and examination for the basics of robot skills were required. With respect to the comparison of detailed surgical procedures between robot-assisted CT navigation system and freehand technique, the operation time under the guidance of robot-assisted CT navigation system was shorter (189.7 ± 65.9 min vs. 298.9 ± 91.1 min, P < 0.05), the pin regulation times under the guidance of robot-assisted CT navigation system were less (1.2 ± 0.96 vs. 12.3 ± 4.28, P < 0.0001), the intraoperative fluoroscopy time under the guidance of robot-assisted CT navigation system were shorter (12.5 ± 3.69 min vs. 52.6 ± 11.1 min, P < 0.001), and the rate of good pin insertion location was higher under the guidance of robot-assisted CT navigation system were shorter (100% vs. 56.7%, P < 0.01). The incidences of postoperative complications were less among the patients who ever received CT-aided orthopedic surgery, but the complication distribution was not statiatially significant. Conclusion: The robot and CT-aided orthopedic surgery become far more popular than before, and has been accepted within a broad scope. And, the intelligent robot-assistant CT could transform the behaviour of orthopedic operations, and make them easier, faster and probably safer, whem compared with the freehand technique. In addition, the professional training still need multidisciplinary basic skills and collaboration.
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Ehrhardt, J., W. Plötz, S. J. Pöppl, and H. Handels. "Simulation of Hip Operations and Design of Custom-made Endoprostheses using Virtual Reality Techniques." Methods of Information in Medicine 40, no. 02 (2001): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634467.
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AbstractIn this paper a system for the virtual planning of hip operations with endoprosthetic reconstruction and its application in bone tumor surgery is described. The system enables the simulation of the operation and the construction of a custom-made implant depending on the chosen resection planes and the patient’s anatomy. During the planning process integrated virtual reality techniques facilitate the interaction with the three-dimensional (3D) medical objects. Stereo viewing improves the perception of the 3D nature of bone structures and tumors. In comparison to conventional planning procedures, different operation strategies and their influence on the geometry of the custom-made endoprosthesis can be easily compared. Furthermore, the combination of multi-modal image information (CT and MR) enables an accurate 3D visualization of the bone tumor within the bone.
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O’Donohoe, Rory, Samantha Fitzsimmons, and Timothy J. C. Bryant. "Acute-onset abdominal pain in a woman in her 30s." Heart 105, no. 4 (September 4, 2018): 275–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313691.
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Clinical introductionA woman in her 30s presented to the emergency department with sudden-onset abdominal pain with hypotension and tachycardia. She gave a history of congenital heart disease for which she had previously undergone multiple operations. On examination she demonstrated right upper quadrant tenderness. She underwent an urgent multiphase CT (figure 1A–C).Figure 1(A) Arterial phase coronal CT. (B) Arterial phase axial CT. (C) Portal venous phase axial CT.QuestionWhat is the underlying liver pathology?Hepatocellular adenomaCholangiocarcinomaHepatocellular carcinomaFocal nodular hyperplasiaHepatoblastoma
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Kamyab, Mohammadreza, Nelson Chin, Vamegh Rasouli, Soren Soe, and Swapan Mandal. "Coiled tubing drilling for unconventional reservoirs: the importance of cuttings transport in directional drilling." APPEA Journal 54, no. 1 (2014): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13033.
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Coiled tubing (CT) technology has long been used in the oil and gas industry for workover and stimulation applications; however, the application of this technology for drilling operations has also been used more recently. Faster tripping, less operational time, continuous and safer operation, and the requirement for fewer crew members are some of the advantages that make CT a good technique for drilling specially deviated wells, in particular, in unconventional reservoirs for the purpose of improved recovery. Cuttings transport in deviated and horizontal wells is one of the challenges in directional drilling as it is influenced by different parameters including fluid velocity, density and rheological properties, as well as hole deviation angle, annulus geometry and particle sizes. To understand the transportation of the cuttings in the annulus space, therefore, it is useful to perform physical simulations. In this study the effect of wellbore angle and fluid rheological properties were investigated physically using a flow loop that has been developed recently for this purpose. The minimum transportation velocity was measured at different angles and an analysis was performed to study the fluid carrying capacity and hole cleaning efficiency. The results indicated how the change in wellbore angle could change the cuttings transport efficiency.
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Wake, M., J. M. Robinson, J. B. Witcombe, S. Bazerbachi, J. M. Stansbie, and P. D. Phelps. "Detection Of recurrent cholesteatoma by computerized tomography after ‘closed cavity’ mastoid surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, no. 5 (May 1992): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100119644.
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AbstractPre-operative Computerized Tomography was performed prior to second look operations in 10 cases to check for cholesteatoma after combined approach tympanoplasty. Three independent opinions were obtained on the CT scans and compared with the operative findings.This small series failed to demonstrate reliable pre-operative radiological detection of cholesteatoma. There was disappointing inter-observer agreement in interpretation of the CT scan
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Morrison, Clinton S., Helena O. Taylor, Scott Collins, Adetokunbo Oyelese, and Stephen R. Sullivan. "Use of Intraoperative Computed Tomography in Complex Craniofacial Trauma: An Example of On-Table Change in Management." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 7, no. 4 (December 2014): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1378179.
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The primary goals in repairing complex craniofacial fractures are restoration of occlusion and mastication, and anatomic reconstruction of a symmetric facial skeleton. Failure to accomplish these goals may result in the need for secondary operations. Recognition of malreduction may not be appreciated until review of a postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scan. Intraoperative CT scanning enables immediate on-table assessment of reduction and fixation, allowing alteration of the surgical plan as needed. We report using intraoperative CT scanning while repairing a panfacial injury in which malreduction was appreciated intraoperatively and corrected. Intraoperative CT can be used to improve outcomes and quality of complex facial fracture repair.
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Lundblad, Henrik, Gerald Q. Maguire, Henrik Olivecrona, Cathrine Jonsson, Hans Jacobsson, Marilyn E. Noz, Michael P. Zeleznik, Lars Weidenhielm, and Anders Sundin. "Can Na18F PET/CT Be Used to Study Bone Remodeling in the Tibia When Patients Are Being Treated with a Taylor Spatial Frame?" Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/249326.
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Monitoring and quantifying bone remodeling are of interest, for example, in correction osteotomies, delayed fracture healing pseudarthrosis, bone lengthening, and other instances. Seven patients who had operations to attach an Ilizarov-derived Taylor Spatial Frame to the tibia gave informed consent. Each patient was examined by Na18F PET/CT twice, at approximately six weeks and three months after the operation. A validated software tool was used for the following processing steps. The first and second CT volumes were aligned in 3D and the respective PET volumes were aligned accordingly. In the first PET volume spherical volumes of interest (VOIs) were delineated for the crural fracture and normal bone and transferred to the second PET volume forSUVmaxevaluation. This method potentially provides clinical insight into questions such as, when has the bone remodeling progressed well enough to safely remove the TSF? and when is intervention required, in a timelier manner than current methods? For example, in two patients who completed treatment, theSUVmaxbetween the first and second PET/CT examination decreased by 42% and 13%, respectively. Further studies in a larger patient population are needed to verify these preliminary results by correlating regional Na18F PET measurements to clinical and radiological findings.
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Fallahi, Ali Reza, Mohammad Pooyan, and Hassan Khotanlou. "A new approach for classification of human brain CT images based on morphological operations." Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 03, no. 01 (2010): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2010.31011.
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Yan, Qingsen, Bo Wang, Dong Gong, Chuan Luo, Wei Zhao, Jianhu Shen, Jingyang Ai, et al. "COVID-19 Chest CT Image Segmentation Network by Multi-Scale Fusion and Enhancement Operations." IEEE Transactions on Big Data 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbdata.2021.3056564.
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Cerna, Christina M. "Abu Zubaydah v. Lithuania (Eur. Ct. H.R.)." International Legal Materials 57, no. 5 (October 2018): 715–947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2018.39.
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Following the events of September 11, 2001, the CIA established “the High-Value Detainee Program,” also known as the Rendition Detention Interrogation Program. On December 14, 2014, the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence released a heavily redacted 500-page Executive Summary of the Committee's “Study of the Central Intelligence Agency's Detention and Interrogation Program.” The full Committee Study is more than 6,700 pages long and remains classified. The release of the Executive Summary, however, disclosed new facts and provided a significant amount of new information to the European Court of Human Rights—mostly based on CIA classified documents—about the CIA extraordinary rendition and secret detention operations; their foreign partners or cooperators; as well as the plight of certain detainees, including Abu-Zubaydah. Abu Zubaydah v. Lithuania is the European Court's first judgment to have taken advantage of the information provided in the Senate Committee's Executive Summary of its Study.
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Talay, Süreyya, and Nahide Belgit Talay. "F18-FDG Cardiac PET/CT: An alternative tool for myocardial viability determination prior to coronary revascularization decision in severe ventricular dysfunction." Acta Medica 51, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/0.actamedica.415.
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Purposes: The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical value and accuracy of Fludeoxyglucose Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography Computerized Tomography (FDG C-PET/CT) as an alternative tool for myocardial viability determination prior to coronary revascularization decision in lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) patients. We accepted lower LVEF as 35% or less for the study. FDG C-PET/CT is reported to be the gold standart for myocardial viability detection among other techniques such as thallium-201 rest-redistribution scintigraphy myocardial perfusion imaging and dobutamine stress echocardiography.
Materials and Methods: Between the dates of 01.01.2010 and 10.07.2019, 191 consecutive patients (mean age 64±9.1 years) underwent CABG operations with severe LVEF dysfunction with 35% or less. These impaired LVEF patients were calculated as the 4.4% total CABG cases. Myocardial viability was also studied and elaborated by F18-FDG C-PET/CT for all cases. Elaboration was detailed as viable myocardial tissue, hibernated myocardial tissue or necrosis areas (scars, nonviable tissue) via segmentally images of the heart. Final surgical decision was primarily depended on F18-FDG C-PET/CT for the majority of cases.
Results: 191 CABG operations were performed. Perioperative deaths occured in 18 (9.4%) cases. Mortality reasons were prolonged CPB in 4 (2%) cases, severe and unmanageable ventricular arrhytmias in 5 (2.6%) cases, MOD with prolonged intubation in 6 (3.1%) cases and major neurological complication in 2 (1%) cases. Our mean coronary graft number was 3.5±0.8. LIMA was used in the majority of cases (n=176, 92.1%). LIMA was anastomosed to LAD for each case. IABP insertions were applied in 81(42.4%, 43 cases intraoperatively, 38 cases at ICU) patients. 236 patients with impaired LVEF and severe coronary artery disease were evaluated by F18-FDG C-PET/CT prior to operation. 191 cases (80.9%) were accepted as canditates for revascularization with multiple viable segments.45 cases (19.1%) presented transmural scar tissue (non-viable) images by FDG uptake analysis. This group cases were considered to be with non-beneficial results from revascularization. Thus, these patients were referred to medical treatments. Mean number of viable segments on F18-FDG C-PET/CT were calculated as 5.2±1.4 for each patient.
Conclusions: The presence of myocardial viability is crucial to define reasonable canditates for revascularization in cases with lower LVEF. Among other preoperative viability detection techniques such as dobutamin echocardiography and myocardial perfusion scintigraphies, F18 FDG cardiac PET/CT is accepted as the ‘Gold Standart’ for segmental analysis on basis of distinguishing scar tissue from viable components. We strongly advocate F18-FDG cardiac PET/CT to be a suitable and effective tool to evaluate CABG indications in severe ventricular dysfunction.
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Lähde, S., P. Rainio, and R. Bloigu. "Survival of Patients after Resection for Lung Cancer." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 4-6 (July 1995): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600440.
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Purpose: The predictive value of staging of primary lung cancer by CT and thoracotomy with respect to survival was assessed in a series of 151 consecutive patients. Material and Methods: The new international staging system for lung cancer was used, with an additional indeterminate stage employed for cases in which a definite classification was impossible by CT. Results: The survival rate curves for the stage groups assessed at CT and thoracotomy showed moderate to good parallelism. The patients with tumor stage I at thoracotomy but indeterminate or IIIa at CT had a significantly lower survival rate than those scored stage I at both. It was concluded that a sign of tumor spread obtained at any of the investigations should lead to an active approach, increasing the radicality of surgery or omitting noncurative operations.
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Vilmanis, Janis, Arturs Ozolins, and Janis Gardovskis. "Efficiency of Abdominal Ultrasound and Computer Tomography in Diagnostic and Differential Diagnostic of Focal Liver Lesions." Acta Chirurgica Latviensis 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chilat-2016-0004.
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SummaryIntroduction. The liver is a parenchimal abdominal organ with wide variety of primary benign or malignant tumors as well as metastatic tumors.Aim of the study. Was to evaluate the informativity and usefulness of abdominal ultrasound (US) and computer tomography (CT) imaging results in diagnostics of focal liver lesions.Material and methods. The study was conducted in Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital. Retrospective analysis of 126 patients with focal liver lesions was performed in the time period of 5 years (2009 till 2014). The medical records of patients with focal liver lesions were analyzed. Primary diagnosis detected by US or CT was evaluated and compared with final morphology after surgical operation or liver biopsy. The obtained results were expressed in percent and analyzed. Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan to detect malignant hepatic lesions was estimated and expressed as percentage with 95% confidence interval.Results. A total of 126 patients with diagnosed liver lesions were included in the study. 96 patients were in the group with performed liver CT scans, with median age of 58.9 years. 30 patients were included in the group with liver US, with median age of 60.1 years. Liver biopsy under US control was performed for 95 patients, but surgical operations with liver resections for 31 patients. 86 patients had malignant liver lesions, but 40 had benign liver lesions. In the US group primary and final diagnosis agreement was in 26 (87%) cases, but diagnosis disagreement in 4 (13%) cases. Diagnosis disagreement was found in 26 (27.1%) cases in the CT group, but agreement was in 70 (72.9%) cases. Overall sensitivity of CT to detect malignant hepatic lesions was 95.2% (95%CI 86.7-98.3%) and specificity was 64.7% (95%CI 47.9-78.5%).Conclusions. CT is a good imaging method for detection of focal liver lesions. In case of unclear diagnosis, percutaneous liver puncture biopsy is recommended. It is mandatory to develop a unified CT scan and US investigation protocol to improve the quality of investigation as well as further treatment tactics.
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Islamov, Kh D., and Sh Kh Niyozova. "STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF PREOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY IN MULTIPLE METASTASIS OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN THE LIVER." EurasianUnionScientists 1, no. 8(77) (September 16, 2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.1.77.958.
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Preoperative chemotherapy (CT) in 35 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) with liver metastases demonstrated a high frequency of objective effects - in 22 (62.9%) patients, stabilization was noted in 10 (28.6%) cases. With bilobar liver metastases and the use of oxaliplatin-containing regimens, partial regression was 62.9%. Side effects in most cases were clinically insignificant, no deaths were observed. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of performing extended surgical operations in the majority of CRC patients with multiple liver metastases after preoperative CT.
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Demiröz, S., Selma Apaydın, Hakan Ertürk, Suzan Biri, Funda Incekara, Koray Aydogdu, Sadi Kaya, and Gokturk Findik. "Computed Tomography–Guided Methylene Blue Labeling Prior to Thoracoscopic Resection of Small Deeply Placed Pulmonary Nodules. Do We Really Need Palpation?" Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon 65, no. 05 (January 28, 2017): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1598019.
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Background Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is widely used for thoracic surgery operations, and day by day it becomes routine for the excision of undetermined pulmonary nodules. However, it is sometimes hard to reach millimetric nodules through a VATS incision. Therefore, some additional techniques were developed to reach such nodules little in size and which are settled on a challenging localization. In the literature, coils, hook wires, methylene blue, lipidol, and barium staining, and also ultrasound guidance were described for this aim. Herein we discuss our experience with CT-guided methylene blue labeling of small, deeply located pulmonary nodules just before VATS excision. Method From April 2013 to October 2016, 11 patients with millimetric pulmonary nodules (average 8, 7 mm) were evaluated in our clinic. For all these patients who had strong predisposing factors for malignancy, an 18F-FDG PET-CT scan was also performed. The patients whose nodules were decided to be excised were consulted the radiology clinic. The favorable patients were taken to CT room 2 hours prior to the operation, and CT-guided methylene blue staining were performed under sterile conditions. Results Mean nodule size of 11 patients was 8.7 mm (6, 2–12). Mean distance from the visceral pleural surface was 12.7 mm (4–29.3). Four of the nodules were located on the left (2 upper lobes, 2 lower lobes), and seven of them were on the right (four lower lobes, two upper lobes, one middle lobe). The maximum standardized uptake values (SUV max) on 18F-FDG PET/CT scan ranged between 0 and 2, 79. Conclusion CT-guided methylene blue staining of millimetric deeply located pulmonary nodules is a safe and feasible technique that helps surgeon find these undetermined nodules by VATS technique without any need of digital palpation.
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Miyagawa, Yusuke, Masato Kitazawa, Hiroe Kitahara, Yukihiko Karasawa, Takashi Orii, and Yuji Soejima. "Three Curative Pancreatectomies for the Metachronous Appearance of Pancreatic Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma." Case Reports in Oncology 13, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506732.
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We report a rare case of a patient who underwent 3 successful curative operations for the metachronous appearance of pancreatic cancer. In July 2007, a 54-year-old woman underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. In March 2010, a tumor measuring 9 mm in diameter was detected in the tail of the pancreas on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. The pancreas tail was subsequently resected while preserving the pancreatic body. In February 2011, CT revealed a cystic tumor measuring 2.5 cm in diameter in the remnant pancreatic body without any metastasis; therefore, total resection of the residual pancreas was performed in April 2011. The first resected tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as undifferentiated adenocarcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. Additionally, the third resected tumor had similar undifferentiated components. Contrarily, the second resected tumor was diagnosed as a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. We consider that the tumor from the third operation was an intra-pancreatic metastasis of the primary cancer and that the tumor from the second operation was the second primary cancer. The patient responded well with good control of surgical diabetes for 92 months since the last pancreatectomy. This case suggested that aggressive repeated resection for recurrent pancreatic invasive ductal adenocarcinoma is beneficial in limited cases.
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Demirkiran, Fuat, Veysel Sal, Umit Kaya, Cem Alhan, and Nedim Tokgozoglu. "Intravenous Leiomyoma with Extension to the Heart: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/602407.
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Introduction. Intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension is an extremely rare uterine tumor. We report here a case of intravenous leiomyoma extending to the right atrium, diagnosed in a patient having leiomyoma.Case Presentation. A 39-year-old woman with no symptoms and a past medical history of two myomectomy operations (7 and 3 years previously) was admitted to our clinic for routine control. We detected a uterine fibroid of 8 centimeters and 4 small solid masses of 1-2 centimeters near the uterus and ovaries at vaginal ultrasonography. Computed tomography (CT) was performed to investigate the abdominal cavity. It revealed a mass originating from the left common iliac vein, which invaded the inferior vena cava (IVC) and extended to the right atrium in addition to the uterine fibroids and pelvic masses. The operation was performed with a combined team of gynecologists and cardiac surgeons and a one-stage operation was accomplished. The postoperative course was uneventful.Conclusion. Abdominal CT is a useful imaging technique for the diagnosis of unusual pathology in a patient with uterine fibroid having suspicious pelvic masses. Also, when a right atrial mass is identified in a female with a prior history of hysterectomy because of leiomyoma or in whom there is a uterine myoma, then intravenous leiomyomatosis should be considered.
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Yetkin, Gurkan, Fevzi Celayir, Ismail Ethem Akgun, and Ramazan Ucak. "Synchronous Occurrence of Primary Breast Carcinoma and Primary Colon Adenocarcinoma." Case Reports in Surgery 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7048149.
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A 65-year-old female patient presented to the emergency clinic with abdominal pain, meteorism, and intermittent rectal bleeding. Colonoscopy was performed, and a hepatic flexure tumor was detected. Histopathological examination of biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. Thoracoabdominal CT was performed for staging, and a spiculated contour mass was found incidentally on the left breast. Mammography and ultrasonography were performed for the cause of these findings, and suspicious lesions of malignancy were seen in the left breast. Invasive ductal carcinoma was detected in core needle biopsy samples from lesions. In the multidisciplinary council consisting of oncologist, pathologist, radiologist, and general surgery specialist, it was decided to perform breast operation first and then colon operation, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. In the first operation, left total mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. One week after her initial operation, the patient underwent right hemicolectomy. After operations, the patient did not develop postoperative complications and was sent to medical oncology department for adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Carter, Nicholas James, and D. Gay. "FAST in the deployed military setting." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 164, no. 5 (April 10, 2018): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-000906.
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IntroductionFocused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) is historically an effective method of assessing the patient in the trauma bay in order to aid decision-making and optimise patient outcomes. However, in the UK civilian practice, the use of FAST may decline given a recent change in National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance as a result of improvement in CT availability and resuscitation techniques.MethodIn the Role 3 Medical Treatment Facility, Camp Bastion, 187 patients with trauma who received FAST in the trauma bay in 2014 were reviewed to determine the accuracy of FAST in the deployed environment.ResultsThe data demonstrates the sensitivity and specificity of FAST to be 75% and 99.3%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that FAST is accurate on operations. FAST is provided by the integrated radiologist as part of damage control radiology, which gives the team leader rapid diagnostic information to improve decision-making and ultimately patient outcomes. CT is heavily utilised in civilian practice; however, the military operates in a different environment often with multiple casualties and limited access to CT, as a result, portable ultrasound will continue to be a valuable tool on operations if used properly. The next challenge is to develop and maintain this high diagnostic accuracy in future deployments where the memories of our prior success may fade.
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Lake, ES, S. Wadhwani, D. Subar, A. Kauser, C. Harris, D. Chang, and S. Lapsia. "The influence of FDG PET-CT on the detection of extrahepatic disease in patients being considered for resection of colorectal liver metastasis." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 96, no. 3 (April 2014): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588414x13814021679195.
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Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (FDG PET-CT), as an adjunct to conventional CT staging, in the detection of extrahepatic disease in patients with potentially resectable colorectal liver metastasis. Methods Overall, 133 consecutive patients with colorectal liver metastases staged with CT and PET-CT referred to the East Lancashire regional hepatobiliary multidisciplinary team over a two-year period were included in this study. Abnormal findings on PET-CT were correlated with follow-up imaging and/or histology. All imaging was reviewed by specialist hepatobiliary radiologists for the presence/absence of extrahepatic disease. The influence of the PET-CT findings was categorised for each patient in relation to operability and other significant findings. Results PET-CT had a major impact on staging of extra hepatic disease in 20% of patients, in comparison with the initial CT. Six per cent of patients were upstaged from operable CT findings to inoperable findings on PET-CT because of the discovery of inoperable occult extrahepatic disease. Five per cent had operable local regional nodal disease detected on PET-CT. A further 3% had premalignant colorectal lesions detected on PET-CT. Six per cent of patients were downstaged from indeterminate or suspected inoperable CT findings to operable findings on PET-CT. Conclusions The use of PET-CT in this setting may prevent futile operations, guide the resection of local regional nodal disease and downstage a number of patients thought to have extrahepatic disease on conventional imaging. This study has shown similar results to other recent studies and supports the use of PET-CT as a necessary staging modality in patients with potentially resectable colorectal liver metastases.
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Lafond, G. P., Heather Loeppky, and D. A. Derksen. "The effects of tillage systems and crop rotations on soil water conservation, seedling establishment and crop yield." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-011.
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The long-term productivity of soils in Western Canada can be maintained, even enhanced, providing changes in production practices occur to reverse the current trends of soil degradation. A study was initiated in 1986 to investigate the interactions of tillage systems and crop rotations on soil water conservation, seedling establishment and crop yields. The three tillage systems used were zero (ZT), minimum (one preseeding tillage operation) (MT) and conventional tillage (fall and spring preseeding tillage operations) (CT). Three 4-yr crop rotations were superimposed on the three tillage systems: fallow-spring wheat-spring wheat-winter wheat, spring wheat-spring wheat-flax-winter wheat and spring wheat-flax-winter wheat-field pea. The amount of water conserved during the fallow period was not significantly affected by tillage systems. Under stubble cropping, ZT and MT increased soil water in the 0- to 60-cm soil layer by 9% and in the 0- to 120-cm soil layer by 6% over CT. When spring soil moisture under stubble in the 0- to 120-cm soil layer was expressed as a percentage of a saturated soil profile, ZT and MT averaged 87% and CT, 82%. Seedling populations in spring wheat and field pea were not affected by tillage systems while flax seedling populations were 8% less under ZT and MT than CT. The rate of plant establishment for spring wheat was not affected by tillage systems. Yields of spring wheat, flax and field pea under ZT and MT were increased by 21, 23 and 9% over CT, respectively. Crop production practices that minimize soil degradation by maximizing the benefits of surface residues and standing stubble can successfully be adopted.Key words: Pisum sativum L., Linum usitatissimum L., Triticum aestivum L., stubble cropping, fallow cropping, crop rotation
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Simonovich, A. E., and N. G. Fomichev. "Porous TiNi Implants in Surgery of Spine Degenerative Diseases." KnE Materials Science 2, no. 1 (July 17, 2017): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i1.816.
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Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of using porous TiNi implants for interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar spine degenerative diseases.Material and Methods. A total of 570 patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease were operated on with porous TiNi implants. Surgical treatment included stabilization and decompression and stabilization operations through posterior and anterior approaches and endoscopic transabdominal operations. Results of surgical treatment were followed-up for the period of 3 to 24 months. The change of pain syndrome was evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index. The degree of interbody bone block formation was assessed based on X-ray and spiral CT data.Results. Functional results of treatment were evaluated at 18-24 months after surgery as good and satisfactory in 94.1% of cases, and the formation of interbody bone-metal block was noted in 94.8% of cases.Conclusion. Nikelid Titanium exhibits good osseointegration properties and can be used as osteoplastic material without additions of bone tissue, which simplifies operation, reduces its traumaticity, and provides good and satisfactory treatment results in 94.1% of cases.
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Nisja, Indra, M. H. Idris, M. Syafrudin, S. Hardi, and M. Isa. "The Effect of Harmonic Distortion on the Performance of Differential Relay for Distribution Transformer Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.182.
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This paper aims to analyzing and probing the influences of power system harmonics on a differential relay used for distribution transformer protection. The increased use of nonlinear devices in industry, commercial and residential areas can lead to a significant increase the level of harmonic distortion in the power system. This harmonic has the significant effects to the differential protection systems components such as current transformer (CT) and relay. The CT tends to saturate due to the presence of current harmonics in power system, so it will produce magnitude secondary current error and make the differential relay to miss operations. The harmonic distortion effects on the differential protection have been investigated through laboratory test. To determine the CT errors when operates under harmonic condition, the CT has been test with certain level of THDi. The result of this testing was found that with increasing of the THDi, the magnitude of secondary current error increased and differential relay will operate at no fault conditions.
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Mitchell, Jeffrey P., William R. Horwath, Karen K. Klonsky, Randal J. Southard, Rich DeMoura, Daniel S. Munk, and Kurt J. Hembree. "Tomato Yield Stability during Five-year Transition to Conservation Tillage and Cover Cropping." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1111A—1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1111a.
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Eliminating tillage passes is a means to reduce production costs and dust emissions in California's San Joaquin Valley tomato production region. Inserting winter cover crops between summer crops may be a way to add organic matter to the soil and thereby improve soil quality. From 1999, we evaluated conservation tillage (CT) and cover cropping (CC) in a tomato/cotton rotation in Five Points, Calif. During the course of the study, tillage operations were reduced an average of 50% in the CT system relative to the standard tillage (ST) approach. Yields in the CT no cover crop (NO) system matched or exceeded yields in the STNO system in each year. Tomato yields in the CTCC and STCC systems were comparable to the STNO except in the first year, when stand establishment and early season vigor were problems. Weed management and machine harvest efficiency in high surface residue systems are issues requiring additional work in order to make CT adoption more widespread.
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Kim, Seungsoo, Arif Reza, Soomin Shim, Seunggun Won, and Changsix Ra. "Development of a Real-Time Controlled Bio-Liquor Circulation System for Swine Farms: A Lab-Scale Study." Animals 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020311.
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In this study, an attempt was made to develop a real-time control strategy using oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and pH (mV) time profiles for the efficient operation of bio-liquor circulation system (BCS) in swine farms and its effectiveness in reducing odor emission through improving manure properties in the slurry pit was evaluated. The lab-scale BCS used in this study comprised a bioreactor and a slurry pit. The bioreactor was operated in a sequence of inflow of swine manure → anoxic phase → aerobic phase → circulation to the slurry pit. The improvement in swine manure properties was elucidated by comparing the results of the BCS slurry pit (circulation type, CT) and conventional slurry pit (non-circulation type, NCT). The results revealed that the ORP time profile successfully detected the nitrate knee point (NKP) in the anoxic phase. However, it was less stable in detecting the nitrogen break point (NBP) in the aerobic phase. The pH (mV) time profile showed a more efficient detection of NBP. Compared to the NCT slurry pit, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and soluble total organic carbon (STOC) and other analyzed swine manure properties were much lower in the CT slurry pit. In the aspect of odor reduction, around 98.3% of NH3 was removed in the CT slurry pit. The real-time controlled BCS can overcome the drawbacks of fixed time-based BCS operation and therefore can be considered as a useful tool to reduce odor emission from intensive swine farming operations. However, further studies and refinement in control algorithms might be required prior to its large-scale application.
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Mozgovoy, P. V., A. A. Lukovskova, E. G. Spiridonov, V. V. Mandrikov, F. N. Zharkin, V. S. Ufimtsev, D. V. Moiseev, A. G. Rebikov, V. I. Novichenko, and E. V. Prikazchikov. "LAPAROSCOPIC CORRECTION OF TYPE II ENDOLEAK AFTER AORTIC ANEURYSM RESECTION." Journal of Volgograd State Medical University 75, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/1994-9480-2020-3(75)-175-178.
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The article presents a clinical case of laparoscopic surgical treatment of type II endoleaks after aortic aneurysm resection on shutdown and aorto-iliac bifurcation prosthetics. This complication developed a year after the operation and was verified by CT-aortography. The growth of the aneurysmal sac up to 5,7 cm in diameter and signs of endoleak due to the right lumbar artery at the L 4 level were detected. After appropriate preparation, laparoscopic resection of the aneurysmal sac and stitching of the lumbar artery was performed. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient was rehabilitated as soon as possible. Observation for 36 months, blood flow in the aneurysmal sac is not determined. Thus, laparoscopic techniques can be successfully used to correct complications after operations for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
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Singh, Bharat, and Shabana Urooj. "Intravenous Drug Delivery System for Blood Pressure Patient Based on Adaptive Parameter Estimation." International Journal of Natural Computing Research 7, no. 3 (July 2018): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijncr.2018070103.
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Controlled drug delivery systems (DDS's) is an electromechanical system that supports the injection of a therapeutic drug intravenously into a patient's body and easily controls the infusion rate of patient's drug, blood pressure, and time of drug release. The controlled operation of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and cardiac output (CO) is highly desired in clinical operations. Different methods have been proposed for controlling MABP, all methods have certain disadvantages according to patient model. In this article, the authors propose blood pressure control using integral reinforcement learning based fuzzy inference systems (IRLFI) based on parameter estimation techniques and have compared this method in terms of integral squared error (ISE), integral absolute error (IAE), integral time-weighed absolute error (ITAE), root mean square error (RMSE), convergence time (CT).
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Thompson, Darren A., Yakov I. Nesterets, Konstantin M. Pavlov, and Timur E. Gureyev. "Fast three-dimensional phase retrieval in propagation-based X-ray tomography." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 3 (April 2, 2019): 825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519002133.
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The following article describes a method for 3D reconstruction of multi-material objects based on propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast tomography (PB-CT) with phase retrieval using the homogeneous form of the transport of intensity equation (TIE-Hom). Unlike conventional PB-CT algorithms that perform phase retrieval of individual projections, the described post-reconstruction phase-retrieval method is applied in 3D to a localized region of the CT-reconstructed volume. This work demonstrates, via numerical simulations, the accuracy and noise characteristics of the method under a variety of experimental conditions, comparing it with both conventional absorption tomography and 2D TIE-Hom phase retrieval applied to projection images. The results indicate that the 3D post-reconstruction method generally achieves a modest improvement in noise suppression over existing PB-CT methods. It is also shown that potentially large computational gains over projection-based phase retrieval for multi-material samples are possible. In particular, constraining phase retrieval to a localized 3D region of interest reduces the overall computational cost and eliminates the need for multiple CT reconstructions and global 2D phase retrieval operations for each material within the sample.