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Journal articles on the topic 'CTAG'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Cebon, J. S., S. Svobodova, J. Browning, I. D. Davis, R. Scolyer, R. Murali, J. F. Thompson, S. Deb, A. Azad, and D. MacGregor. "Prognostic impact of cancer-testis antigen expression in primary cutaneous melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 9004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9004.

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9004 Background: Cancer-testis antigens (CTAg) are epigenetically regulated molecules expressed in many cancers including melanoma. Although functional studies are limited, they are often immunogenic making them attractive targets for immunotherapy. In normal tissues expression is restricted to germ cells and a small range of other tissues such as trophoblast. Previous studies have shown that CTAg expression increases with disease progression. We investigated whether the expression of three CTAgs, against which vaccines have been developed, may have prognostic significance in early stage melanoma. Methods: 233 AJCC Stage II melanomas were analyzed for expression of MAGE-A1, MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between CTAg expression, clinico-pathological features and relapse free survival (RFS) from initial diagnosis were correlated. Mutivariate analysis using known prognostic factors and CT Ag expression in the model were used to calculate hazard ratios. Results: All three CTAg were significantly co-expressed with each other (P=0.0001). RFS was reduced if tumors expressed any of these CTAgs (CTAg+ve). Median RFS for patients with CTAg+ve tumors was 45m versus 72m for those with CTAg-ve tumors (P=0.008, logrank test). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the impact of CTAg expression on RFS was comparable in magnitude to ulceration, Breslow thickness and mitotic rate, currently accepted prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated CTAg expression, ulceration and thickness but not mitotic rate were independently associated with poorer RFS ( Table ). Conclusions: CTAg expression in cutaneous primary melanoma has impact on prognosis comparable to Breslow thickness ulceration and mitotic rate. Further study into their function and the impact of clinical targeting is warranted. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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2

Goodyear, Oliver C., Guy Pratt, Andrew McLarnon, Mark Cook, Karen Piper, and Paul Moss. "Differential pattern of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immunity to MAGE-A1/A2/A3 in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma." Blood 112, no. 8 (October 15, 2008): 3362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-149393.

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Abstract The factors that determine progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma are unclear but may include the breakdown of immune surveillance. Cancer testis antigens (CTAgs) are expressed by the majority of myelomas and MGUS tumors and are a potential immune target. We have characterized CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses to MAGE-A1/A2/A3 in these patients. CD4+ T-cell immunity to MAGE proteins is stronger and more frequent in MGUS compared with myeloma with a predominantly CD45RA−CCR7− effector memory profile and cytotoxicity against MAGE-positive cell lines. In contrast CD8+ T-cell immune responses were present almost exclusively in patients with multiple myeloma, correlating with disease, with a CD45RA+CCR7− memory phenotype, localizing poorly to the bone marrow but were able to lyse myeloma cell lines in vitro. This suggests that the CD4+ CTAg-specific immune response may play a role in controlling tumor growth, whereas the efficacy of the CD8+ T-cell response appears to be limited in vivo. Despite this, patients with evidence of a CTAg-specific immune response had a 53% reduction in mortality over a median follow-up of 4 years. These findings have important implications for clinical approaches to CTAg-specific immunotherapy in patients with cancer.

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3

Goodyear, Oliver C., Karen Piper, Julie Arrazi, Naeem Khan, Premini Mahendra, Guy Pratt, and Paul Moss. "CD8+ T Cells Specific for Cancer-Testis Antigens Are Found in Many Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Correlate with Disease Burden." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2460.2460.

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Abstract Proteins from the family known as ‘cancer-testis antigens’ (CTAg) are expressed in some cases of multiple myeloma and subsets of acute myeloid leukaemia. CTAg can stimulate CD8+ T cell responses in patients with melanoma but there are no reports of CTAg-specific immune response in patients with haematological malignancy. Such information is critical to assess whether or not these antigens act as targets for tumour-specific immunity or if they could be used as targets for immunotherapy. We have used twelve peptide epitopes from a range of cancer-testis antigens which have been previously defined as epitopes for CD8+ T cells. These were used to screen for tumour-specific T-cells in blood of patients with multiple myeloma at various stages of their disease. The IFNγ cytokine secretion assay was used to detect functional responses and magnetic selection was employed to increase the sensitivity of detection. FACS analysis was used to quantitate the frequency of responding cells. 37 patients were screened with an age range of between 45 and 88 years. Blood samples were taken at monthly intervals and the percentage of CD8+ T cells responding to each peptide was calculated. 13 patients responded to 1 or more of the peptides with a range between 0.01% and 0.7% of the total CD8+ T cell pool. The frequency of the tumour-specific response fluctuated during treatment in individual patients. Analysis of the CTAg-specific immune response in relation to disease course revealed that the immune response was generally correlated with tumour burden as revealed by the paraprotein level. CTAg HLA-peptide tetramers incorporating peptides from LAGE-1 and MAGE-2 were able to directly visualize CTAg-reactive T cells in PBMC. CTAg-specific CD8+ T cells may have been primed and expanded by expression of CTAg on tumour cells or following ‘cross presentation’ through dendritic cells. In conclusion, T cells specific for cancer-testis antigens are present in the blood of a subset of patients with multiple myeloma. The clinical significance of this observation is currently being addressed.

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4

Bengtsson, Jenny, Claes von Wachenfeldt, Lena Winstedt, Per Nygaard, and Lars Hederstedt. "CtaG is required for formation of active cytochrome c oxidase in Bacillus subtilis." Microbiology 150, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26691-0.

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The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis contains two respiratory oxidases of the haem-copper superfamily: cytochrome aa 3, which is a quinol oxidase, and cytochrome caa 3, which is a cytochrome c oxidase. Cytochrome c oxidase uniquely contains a di-copper centre, CuA. B. subtilis CtaG is a membrane protein encoded by the same gene cluster as that which encodes the subunits of cytochrome c oxidase. The role of B. subtilis CtaG and orthologous proteins present in many other Gram-positive bacteria has remained unexplored. The sequence of CtaG is unrelated to that of CtaG/Cox11p of proteobacteria and eukaryotic cells. This study shows that B. subtilis CtaG is essential for the formation of active cytochrome caa 3 but is not required for assembly of the core subunits I and II with haem in the membrane and it has no role in the synthesis of active cytochrome aa 3. B. subtilis YpmQ, a homologue to Sco1p of eukaryotic cells, is also a membrane-bound cytochrome c oxidase-specific assembly factor. Properties of CtaG- and YpmQ-deficient mutants were compared. Cells lacking YpmQ showed a low cytochrome c oxidase activity and this defect was suppressed by the supplementation of the growth medium with copper ions. It has previously been proposed that YpmQ/Sco1p is involved in synthesis of the CuA centre. The results of this study are consistent with this proposal but the exact role of YpmQ in assembly of cytochrome c oxidase remains to be elucidated.

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5

de Rooij, MAJ, DM van der Steen, D. Remst, A. Wouters, M. van der Meent, RS Hagedoorn, MGD Kester, PA van Veelen, FJH Falkenburg, and MHM Heemskerk. "P07.02 High-affinity TCRs specific for cancer testis antigens as a therapy for multiple myeloma and solid tumors." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 2 (October 2020): A49.1—A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-itoc7.96.

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BackgroundCancer Testis Antigens (CTAs) are highly expressed in multiple different tumor types, but silent in normal tissue, except the testis. This tumor-restricted expression pattern makes them an ideal target for adoptive T-cell therapy. However, the responsiveness in clinical setting may be hampered because high-affinity T cells against self-antigens presented in the context of self-HLA are deleted in the thymus by negative selection. In this study, we aim to identify high-affinity T cell receptors (TCRs) specific for CTAs from the allogeneic-HLA repertoire.Materials and MethodsIn this study, HLA class I binding peptides derived from different CTA genes were identified by HLA-peptide elution experiments and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. From the identified peptides HLA tetramers were generated to isolate peptide specific CD8+ T cells from healthy allogeneic donors. Efficacy and safety of the TCRs was determined by various different stimulation assays. The most potent TCRs were sequenced, analyzed and transduced into peripheral CD8+ and CD4+ T cells to confirm CTA specific cytokine production and cytotoxicity.ResultsMAGE and CTAG peptides were eluted from multiple myelomas, EBV-transformed lymphoblastic cells, acute myeloid leukemia and ovarium carcinomas. We selected TCRs recognizing 3 different MAGE-A1 peptides in the context of HLA-A*02:01, HLA-A*03:01 and HLA-B*07:02. Furthermore, we selected TCRs specific for MAGE-A3 in the context of HLA-B*35:01 and HLA-A*01:01; TCRs specific for MAGE-A9 in the context of HLA-A*01:01 and TCRs specific for CTAG1 in the context of HLA-A*02:01. The selected T-cell clones demonstrated efficient recognition of MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3 or CTAG1 positive multiple myeloma and solid tumor cell lines without detectable cross-reactivity.ConclusionsWe identified multiple different TCRs from the allogeneic-HLA repertoire specific for CTA genes. These TCRs demonstrate efficient recognition and killing of CTA positive multiple myeloma and solid tumor cell lines and did not show any cross-reactivity. The peptides recognized by the TCRs are presented in different HLA alleles. Since, 71% of the world population contains one of these HLA-alleles, a large percentage suffering from a MAGE or CTAG positive tumor could potentially be treated with the identified TCRs by TCR-gene therapy.Disclosure InformationM.A.J. de Rooij: None. D.M. van der Steen: None. D. Remst: None. A. Wouters: None. M. van der Meent: None. R.S. Hagedoorn: None. M.G.D. Kester: None. P.A. van Veelen: None. F.J.H. Falkenburg: None. M.H.M. Heemskerk: None.

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6

Filatov, Felix P., and Alexander V. Shargunov. "Tetranucleotide Profile of Herpesvirus DNA." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 97, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-3-3.

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Introduction. Herpesvirus DNAs (about 90% of the total genomic sequences of the Herpesvirales family presented in GenBank) contain at a minimum concentration one of the two tetranucleotides, CTAG or TCGA. The “underrepresentation” of CTAG was previously observed only in the DNA of some bacteria and phages. The aim of the study was the further analysis of the formal characteristics of herpesvirus DNA, as well as their comparison with the density of the virus/host DNA microhomology and with the genomic macrostructure of herpes viruses.Materials and methods. Twenty strains and isolates of each of the five types of human herpes viruses (HHV1, HHV2, HHV3, HHV4, HHV5), 10 strains of HHV8, 5 strains of HHV6A, 4 strains of HHV6B and 3 strains of HHV7 were analyzed. GenBank tools were used to determine the frequency of tetranucleotides, and human DNA fragments with size matched herpesvirus DNA were used for comparison.Results. Minimum CTAG concentration in DNA of herpes viruses is mainly characteristic of two- and singlesegment genomes with direct or inverted terminal repeats (classes A,D,E), while the minimum TCGA density is characteristic mainly for DNA that is significantly less structured (classes B,C,F). By increasing CTAG density, human herpes viruses form a sequence close to the sequence of increasing the homology density of 20 nt with human DNA, which also correlates with the macrostructure of DNA. A parallel of this minimization with the DNA structure of herpes viruses or with their belonging to one or another subfamily — as well as the context of the “minimal” CpG (that is, TCGA) — is not noted in the literature. Although herpesvirus DNA is quite large (125– 295 Kb), some of them (for example, HHV4, HHV5 and HHV7 DNA) show noticeable deviations from the second DNA parity rule, and can thus serve as a component of the molecular signature.The Discussion suggests possible hypotheses for the origin of some of the observed phenomena.

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Torsello, Giovanni Federico, Angeliki Argyriou, Konstantinos Stavroulakis, Michel J. Bosiers, Martin Austermann, Giovanni B. Torsello, Manuel Alonso Pérez, et al. "One-Year Results From the SURPASS Observational Registry of the CTAG Stent-Graft With the Active Control System." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 27, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602820913007.

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Purpose: To report the outcomes from the observational SURPASS registry, which was created to assess the performance of the Conformable TAG (CTAG) stent-graft with the Active Control System (ACS) in patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in a real-world setting. Materials and Methods: The SURPASS registry ( ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier NCT03286400) was an observational, prospective, single-arm, post-market, international study that enrolled patients undergoing TEVAR using the CTAG with ACS for both acute and chronic thoracic aortic disease between October 2017 and July 2018. The CTAG with ACS features 2-stage deployment of the stent-graft and an optional angulation mechanism that modifies only the proximal end of the stent-graft. During the observation period, 127 patients (mean age 67.1±12.1 years, range 27–86; 92 men) were enrolled and treated for an array of aortic pathologies, including chronic and acute lesions and 4 ruptured descending thoracic aneurysms. The primary outcome of this study was technical success; secondary outcomes were clinical success and major adverse events at 30 days and 12 months. The numbers of 2-stage device deployments and applications of the angulation mechanism were recorded, along with the reasons for use. Results: Technical success of the TEVAR was 97.6% owing to unintentional partial coverage of supra-aortic branches in 3 cases (the vessels were patent on imaging). The stent-graft was repositioned at its intermediate diameter in 79 patients (62.2%), and the angulation feature was applied in 64 cases (50.4%), mainly to improve proximal wall apposition and orthogonality in the aorta. The desired effect was achieved in 60 cases (93.8%). There was no device compression, bird-beak configuration, fracture, or graft occlusion. The 30-day and 12-month clinical success rates were 97.6% and 92.9%, respectively. There were 3 aorta-related deaths at 30 days and a further 3 at 12 months. Fatalities were due to a retrograde type A dissection (0.8%), paraplegia, bowel ischemia, sepsis in the setting of a mycotic aneurysm, aneurysm rupture post aortoesophageal fistula, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Three endoleaks (2 type Ia and 1 type III) required reintervention. Conclusion: In the SURPASS registry, the use of the CTAG device with ACS showed promising outcomes despite the challenging pathologies. The new delivery system enables a controlled staged delivery with in situ adjustments during positioning, facilitating the treatment of complex aortic disease.

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8

Califano, Joseph V., Todd Kitten, Janina P. Lewis, Francis L. Macrina, Robert D. Fleischmann, Claire M. Fraser, Margaret J. Duncan, and Floyd E. Dewhirst. "Characterization of Porphyromonas gingivalis Insertion Sequence-Like Element ISPg5." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 5247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.9.5247-5253.2000.

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ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis, a black-pigmented, gram-negative anaerobe, is found in periodontitis lesions, and its presence in subgingival plaque significantly increases the risk for periodontitis. In contrast to many bacterial pathogens, P. gingivalis strains display considerable variability, which is likely due to genetic exchange and intragenomic changes. To explore the latter possibility, we have studied the occurrence of insertion sequence (IS)-like elements in P. gingivalis W83 by utilizing a convenient and rapid method of capturing IS-like sequences and through analysis of the genome sequence of P. gingivalis strain W83. We adapted the method of Matsutani et al. (S. Matsutani, H. Ohtsubo, Y. Maeda, and E. Ohtsubo, J. Mol. Biol. 196:445–455, 1987) to isolate and clone rapidly annealing DNA sequences characteristic of repetitive regions within a genome. We show that in P. gingivalis strain W83, such sequences include (i) nucleotide sequence with homology to tRNA genes, (ii) a previously described IS element, and (iii) a novel IS-like element. Analysis of the P. gingivalis genome sequence for the distribution of the least used tetranucleotide, CTAG, identified regions in many of the initial 218 contigs which contained CTAG clusters. Examination of these CTAG clusters led to the discovery of 11 copies of the same novel IS-like element identified by the repeated sequence capture method of Matsutani et al. This new 1,512-bp IS-like element, designated ISPg5, has features of the IS3 family of IS elements. When a recombinant plasmid containing much of ISPg5 was used in Southern analysis of several P. gingivalis strains, including clinical isolates, diversity among strains was apparent. This suggests that ISPg5 and other IS elements may contribute to strain diversity and can be used for strain fingerprinting.

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Jordan, William D., Joshua Rovin, Sina Moainie, Joseph Bavaria, Richard Cambria, Mark Fillinger, William McMillan, and Jon S. Matsumura. "Results of a prospective multicenter trial of CTAG thoracic endograft." Journal of Vascular Surgery 61, no. 3 (March 2015): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.09.033.

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10

Yamamoto, Eiji, Kazuya Suda, Madoka Hamada, Seiji Nogiwa, and Tokukoh Oki. "Tunable Laser Diode Having a Complementary Twin-Active-Guide (CTAG) Structure." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 30, Part 2, No. 11A (November 1, 1991): L1884—L1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.30.l1884.

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11

Tang, Le, Wei-Qiao Liu, Xin Fang, Qiang Sun, Song-Ling Zhu, Chun-Xiao Wang, Xiao-Yu Wang, et al. "CTAG-Containing Cleavage Site Profiling to Delineate Salmonella into Natural Clusters." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 19, 2014): e103388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103388.

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Bai, Yun, Jie Zhang, Sanbao Dong, Shidong Zhu, Manxue Wang, Ya Wu, Chunsheng Pu, and Gang Chen. "The Effect of Halide Counter Ions and Methanol on the Foaming Behavior of Cationic Surfactants and a Mechanism Study." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 58, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2020-2256.

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Abstract In this work, four quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants including cetyltrimethyl ammonium fluoride (CTAF), cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium iodide (CTAI) were investigated to study the effect of halide anions on the surface activity and foaming performance. The result showed that CTAF had superior surface activity, which could reduce the surface tension of water to 33.15 mN/m at a low CMC (critical micelle formation concentration) of 1.65 mmol/L. Based on the calculation of Amin (the minimum occupied area per surfactant molecule), we assumed that this higher surface activity was related to the small ionic radius of the fluorine ion (F–). The foamability and foam stability of CTAF has great advantages over other surfactants studied. On this basis, the factors affecting the formation and stabilization of the CTAF foam were investigated. The results showed that foam formation benefited from high temperatures and low methanol concentration, while high salinity was beneficial for foam stability. When CTAF at a concentration of 0.2% was used as a foaming agent, foaming was excellent at a methanol concentration of 10%, a salinity of 22 ⨯ 104 mg/L, and a temperature of 90°C. With this study, uncertainties that existed in the literature regarding the effect of anion on surface activity and foam performance were explained and the effect of temperature, methanol and salinity on foam generation and stabilization was understood.

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13

Gaultney, Robert A., Antony T. Vincent, Céline Lorioux, Jean-Yves Coppée, Odile Sismeiro, Hugo Varet, Rachel Legendre, Charlotte A. Cockram, Frédéric J. Veyrier, and Mathieu Picardeau. "4-Methylcytosine DNA modification is critical for global epigenetic regulation and virulence in the human pathogen Leptospira interrogans." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 12102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa966.

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Abstract In bacteria, DNA methylation can be facilitated by ‘orphan’ DNA methyltransferases lacking cognate restriction endonucleases, but whether and how these enzymes control key cellular processes are poorly understood. The effects of a specific modification, 4-methylcytosine (4mC), are even less clear, as this epigenetic marker is unique to bacteria and archaea, whereas the bulk of epigenetic research is currently performed on eukaryotes. Here, we characterize a 4mC methyltransferase from the understudied pathogen Leptospira spp. Inactivating this enzyme resulted in complete abrogation of CTAG motif methylation, leading to genome-wide dysregulation of gene expression. Mutants exhibited growth defects, decreased adhesion to host cells, higher susceptibility to LPS-targeting antibiotics, and, importantly, were no longer virulent in an acute infection model. Further investigation resulted in the discovery of at least one gene, that of an ECF sigma factor, whose transcription was altered in the methylase mutant and, subsequently, by mutation of the CTAG motifs in the promoter of the gene. The genes that comprise the regulon of this sigma factor were, accordingly, dysregulated in the methylase mutant and in a strain overexpressing the sigma factor. Our results highlight the importance of 4mC in Leptospira physiology, and suggest the same of other understudied species.

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Deb, S., A. Azad, T. John, N. H. Turner, P. C. Boutros, Y. T. Chen, J. S. Cebon, and A. M. Campbell. "17. Expression of cancer testis antigens (CTAg) is prognostic in stage III melanoma." Pathology 44 (2012): S109—S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)32909-9.

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15

Scheib, Christiana. "Sex and the CTAG: what ancient DNA tells us about our ancestors' liaisons." Biochemist 42, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio04201024.

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The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS), a technology coincidentally well-suited to highly fragmented, low copy number DNA sources, spawned a rapid expansion in the field of ancient DNA (aDNA). It has gathered a reputation as a sexy subject, quite literally. Some of the headlines targeted to the public: ‘Mystery humans spiced up ancients' sex lives’ in Nature News or ‘Viking sex tourists lived happily ever after with Britons’ from The Independent, would make any scientist blush and probably want to bang their head against a brick wall. As problematic as these headlines are, people keep writing them because sex sells and while aDNA might not tell us exactly what our ancestors were into, it has and will continue to provide other unique insights regarding our reproductive past.

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Chionh, F. J., S. Deb, A. Chakrabarti, J. Seah, J. S. Cebon, and S. White. "Cancer testis antigen (CTAg) expression in early-stage triple negative (TN) breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2010): e21100-e21100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e21100.

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Mestres, Gaspar, Carla Blanco, Isaac Martínez, Jorge Fernandez-Noya, Gabriel C. Inaraja, Manuel Alonso, Luis M. Salmeron, Nahieli Malo, and Vincent Riambau. "Aortic Curvature Remodeling After Tevar: Assessing Ctag Endograft Conformability Using Image Vector Analysis." European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 58, no. 6 (December 2019): e234-e236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.06.816.

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Liu, Xuemin, and Harry W. Taber. "Catabolite Regulation of the Bacillus subtilis ctaBCDEF Gene Cluster." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 23 (December 1, 1998): 6154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.23.6154-6163.1998.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis cytochrome c oxidasecaa 3 is encoded by the ctaCDEFgenes at the ctaABCDEF locus, with thectaBCDEF genes organized as an operon-like unit. A dyad symmetry sequence and a catabolite response element homolog can be recognized in the 240-bp intercistronic region betweenctaB and ctaC. ctaB′-lacZ andctaBCD′-lacZ transcriptional fusions integrated at the native locus were used to study catabolite effects on transcription of the ctaB and ctaCDEF genes. In Schaeffer’s medium lacking glucose, ctaBCD′-lacZwas expressed at a very low level during the exponential phase, and expression increased about 30-fold 2 h after entry into the stationary phase. In the presence of 0.5% glucose,ctaBCD′-lacZ expression was totally repressed. In contrast to ctaBCD′-lacZ,ctaB′-lacZ was constitutively expressed regardless of carbon source. The ctaCDEF genes were separated fromctaB by insertion of plasmids carrying selectable markers in such a way that the ctaCDEF andctaB transcription units remained intact. Enzymatic assays of caa 3 with these constructs, showed that ctaCDEF was not expressed independently ofctaB. Also, when a ′ctaB-ctaC′-lacZ fusion (containing thectaB-ctaC intercistronic region) was placed at a remote nonessential locus, β-galactosidase activity could not be detected. The absence of a promoter in thectaB-ctaC intercistronic space also was indicated by the inability to detect ctaC-specific transcripts with RNase protection assays, primer extension, and rapid amplification of 5′ cDNA ends. Direct mRNA measurements showed that, in the presence of 0.5% glucose, ctaBCDEF transcripts terminated at the 3′ end of the putative stem-loop structure and the distal portion was down-regulated. A possible mechanism for ctaCDEFgene regulation is suggested. Catabolite repression ofctaBCD′-lacZ was partly dependent on CcpA but was independent of HPr. The expression of ctaBCDEF also appears to require the strC, ctaA, andresD-resE gene products.

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Ronka, J., S. Hjorleifsdittir, T. Tenkanen, K. Pitkanen, P. Mattila, and J. K. Kristjansson. "Rmal, a type II restriction endonuclease from Rhodothermus marinus which recognizes 5' CTAG 3'." Nucleic Acids Research 19, no. 10 (May 25, 1991): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.10.2789.

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20

MILYUTKINA, S., W. FINK, and M. KOVALEVSKAYA. "Method for comparative evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in dry AMD patients using 3D-CTAG." Acta Ophthalmologica 92 (August 20, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2014.f062.x.

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21

Wang, Yan Jason, and K. Max Zhang. "Coupled turbulence and aerosol dynamics modeling of vehicle exhaust plumes using the CTAG model." Atmospheric Environment 59 (November 2012): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.062.

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Sharawy, Mahmoud, Artemis Louyakis, Johann P. Gogarten, and Eric R. May. "CTAG vs. GATC: Structural Basis for Representational Differences in Reverse Palindromic DNA Tetranucleotide Sequences." Biophysical Journal 120, no. 3 (February 2021): 222a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1488.

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23

José L. Cconislla Bello, Christian Jacinto, Ily Maza, Martha Jahuira, Alejandra Pando, Holger Mayta, and Ana Valderrama. "DESARROLLO DE MICROPARTÍCULAS DE QUITOSANO CUATERNIZADO Y ENTRECRUZADO PARA LA ADSORCIÓN DE ÁCIDO DESOXIRRIBONUCLEICO (ADN)." Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú 82, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v82i4.136.

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Las micropartículas de quitosano entrecruzado (QE1%, QE5%) se prepararon mediante reticulación con el glutaraldehído (GL). Las micropartículas de quitosano cuaternizado (QC) se prepararon mediante cuaternización del grupo amino del quitosano con cloruro de glicidil trimetil amonio (CTAG). Ambas micropartículas de quitosano se caracterizaron utilizando distintas técnicas como la espectroscopía infrarroja con transformadas de Fourier (FTIR), difracción de rayos X (DRX), análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), análisis termogravimétrico diferencial(DTG) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). La cantidad deADN adsorbida en las micropartículas se determinó por espectroscopía UV en un equipo NanoDrop2000 obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios. De las isotermas de adsorción evaluadas, el modelo de Freundlich se adapta al proceso de adsorción de ADN.

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Farber, Mark A., Joseph Giglia, Benjamin Starnes, Scott Stevens, Jeremiah Holleman, Rabih Chaer, and Jon Matsumura. "TEVAR Using the Redesigned TAG Device (CTAG) For Traumatic Aortic Transection: A Nonrandomized Multicenter Trial." Journal of Vascular Surgery 55, no. 2 (February 2012): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.11.078.

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Nardiello, Tricia, Achim A. Jungbluth, Anna Mei, Maurizio DiLiberto, Xiangao Huang, Scott A. Ely, Ruben Niesvizky, et al. "MAGE-A Inhibits Apoptosis In Proliferating Multiple Myeloma Cells." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.785.785.

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Abstract Abstract 785 The type I Melanoma Antigen GEne (MAGE) MAGE-A3 is commonly present in primary multiple myeloma cells and its expression is correlated with advanced disease and proliferation. MAGE-A3 belongs to the Cancer-Testis antigen (CTAg) family of tumor-associated proteins, which are present in many cancers, but their normal expression is limited to developing germ cells and placental trophoblast. This unique expression pattern fuels speculation on a role for CTAg in oncogenesis; however, very little is known about their function. In gene expression analyses of primary myeloma cells, CTAg were associated with proliferative gene signatures and poor clinical outcome, suggesting they contribute to the pathogenesis or progression of this disease through effects on survival and/or proliferation of myeloma cells. To investigate this, we examined the impact of MAGE-A on disease progression, proliferation, and apoptosis in primary myeloma specimens and human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). MAGE-A3 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in a new, independent set of myeloma bone marrow specimens from two critical clinical milestones, newly diagnosed, untreated patients and patients who relapsed after chemotherapy. MAGE-A3 was detected in a higher percentage of tumor specimens from relapsed patients (77%) compared to those from newly diagnosed patients (36%, p=0.0003). The percentage of proliferating myeloma cells, as measured by staining for the proliferation marker Ki-67, was significantly higher in relapsed specimens (19.0 ± 3.5%) compared to newly diagnosed (6.9 ± 1.3%, p=0.0002), demonstrating a correlation between MAGE-A3, progression of disease and proliferation. The mechanisms for MAGE-A3 activity were investigated by silencing this gene in primary myeloma cells and HMCL by shRNA interference. Targeted lentiviral shRNA transduction efficiently knocked down MAGE-A3 mRNA and protein in MM.1r (p53+/+) and ARP-1 (p53−/−) HMCL and in primary myeloma cells by 48 hours, and this effect was maintained up to 96 hours. Silencing of MAGE-A did not affect cell cycling, as this intervention did not affect the phosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) that is required for progression through the G1 cell cycle checkpoints and entry into S phase. In contrast, MAGE-A was required for survival of proliferating myeloma cells. Silencing of MAGE-A led to a precipitous loss of viable cells within 48–72 hrs compared to controls. This was due to activation of intrinsic apoptosis, as demonstrated by increased annexin V staining, loss of mitochondrial membrane polarization, and cleavage/activation of caspase-9. These effects of MAGE-A knock-down were completely reversed by the pan-caspase inhibitor Quinoline-Val-Asp-CH2-OPh. Apoptosis after MAGE-A silencing appeared to be mediated by at least two distinct mechanisms; p53-dependent activation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak expression and reduced expression of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein survivin through both p53-dependent and independent mechanisms. These results demonstrate that MAGE-A plays a role in the survival of proliferating multiple myeloma cells through the regulation of two critical apoptotic mechanisms. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Tenzen, T., and E. Ohtsubo. "Preferential transposition of an IS630-associated composite transposon to TA in the 5'-CTAG-3' sequence." Journal of Bacteriology 173, no. 19 (1991): 6207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.19.6207-6212.1991.

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Urpí, Lourdes, Valya Tereshko, Lucy Malinina, Tarn Huynh-Dinh, and Juan A. Subirana. "Structural comparison between the d(CTAG) sequence in oligonucleotides and trp and met represser–operator complexes." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 3, no. 4 (April 1996): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb0496-325.

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Nölling, Jörk, and Willem M. de Vos. "Identification of the CTAG-recognizing restriction-modification systemsMthZI andMthFI fromMethanobacterium thermoformicicumand characterization of the plasmid-encodedmthZIMgene." Nucleic Acids Research 20, no. 19 (1992): 5047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.19.5047.

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29

Deb, S., F. J. Chionh, A. Chakrabarti, J. Seah, J. S. Cebon, and S. White. "16. Cancer testis antigen (CTAg) expression is commonly observed in early-stage triple negative (TN) breast cancer." Pathology 44 (2012): S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)32908-7.

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Fournier, P., F. Paulus, and L. Otten. "IS870 requires a 5'-CTAG-3' target sequence to generate the stop codon for its large ORF1." Journal of Bacteriology 175, no. 10 (1993): 3151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.10.3151-3160.1993.

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Cho, Hearn J., Anna Mei, Tricia Nardiello, Maurizio DiLiberto, Xiangao Huang, Jennifer E. Amengual, Achim Jungbluth, et al. "MAGE-A3 Inhibits p53 and Promotes Proliferation and Survival in Multiple Myeloma." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1795.1795.

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Abstract Abstract 1795 Poster Board I-821 The type I Melanoma Antigen GEne (MAGE) proteins MAGE-A3 and CT7 (MAGE-C1) were commonly detected in primary tumor cells from multiple myeloma patients and their expression was correlated with advanced disease and proliferation. They belong to the Cancer-Testis antigen (CTAg) family of tumor-associated proteins. In gene expression analyses of primary myeloma cells, CTAg were associated with proliferative gene signatures and poor clinical outcome. These findings suggest that type I MAGE may play a pathogenic role in proliferation or survival in multiple myeloma cells. To test this hypothesis, we examined MAGE expression, proliferation, and apoptosis in primary myeloma specimens and human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). First, we examined CTAg expression and proliferation in vivo at two critical clinical milestones, in newly diagnosed, untreated patients and patients who relapsed after chemotherapy. MAGE-A3 was detected in a higher percentage of tumor specimens from relapsed patients (77%) compared to those from newly diagnosed patients (36%, p=0.0003), whereas CT7 was detected in about 75% of both patient populations. The percentage of proliferating myeloma cells, as measured by staining for the proliferation marker Ki-67, was significantly higher in relapsed specimens (19.0 ± 3.5%) compared to newly diagnosed (6.9 ± 1.3%, p=0.0002), demonstrating an association between MAGE-A3, progression of disease and proliferation. Second, we investigated the functional role of MAGE-A3 by silencing this gene in HMCL by shRNA interference. Targeted lentiviral shRNA transduction efficiently knocked down MAGE-A3 mRNA (≥90% compared to controls) and protein in MM.1r and Arp-1 HMCL by 48 hours and this effect was maintained up to 96 hours. Pulse labeling of HMCL with bromodeoxyuridine for 30 minutes revealed that silencing of MAGE-A3 led to cell cycle arrest, as evidenced by the complete loss of cells in S phase and accumulation of cells in both G1 and G2. This was accompanied by increased expression of the tumor suppressor p53 and the endogenous cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21Cip1, a p53 target that inhibits CDKs in both late G1 and G2. However, CDK4/6-specific phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) was unimpaired, indicating that control of the mid-G1 cell cycle checkpoints by Rb remained intact and suggesting that MAGE-A3 acted in part to promote G1-S progression. Within 24 hours of cell cycle arrest, 70-80% of MAGE-A3-silenced cells underwent apoptosis as measured by Annexin V staining, compared to '20% in cells transduced with a non-target control lentivirus or untreated. Furthermore, this apoptosis was caspase-dependent, as it was completely prevented by the pan-caspase inhibitor Quinoline-Val-Asp-CH2-OPh, and was triggered by the loss of mitochondrial outer membrane potential in the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Taken together, the in vivo and in vitro results suggest that MAGE-A3 promoted myeloma cell proliferation by inhibiting p53-dependent expression of p21, and loss of this activity leads to growth arrest and cell cycle-coupled apoptosis via activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Understanding the biochemical mechanism of MAGE-A3 in cell cycle regulation and survival may identify novel therapeutic strategies for multiple myeloma. Proof of principle in this disease may lead to broader application of these strategies in other cancers that express MAGE-A3. Disclosures Niesvizky: Proteolix: Research Funding, data monitoring committee; Seattle Genetics, Inc: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millenium: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

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Chng, Wee-Joo, Natalia Gonzalez-Paz, Shaji Kumar, Scott Van Wier, Gregory Ahmann, Tammy Price-Troska, Kim Henderson, et al. "Cancer/Testis Antigen Profiling in Multiple Myeloma Define a Cohort of Patients with Poor Prognosis Regardless of Genetic Subtypes." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3381.3381.

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Abstract Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs), comprising the MAGE, CTAG, SSX and GAGE families, are expressed in different tumor types and restricted in normal tissues to germ cells of the testis. Many CTAs contain epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T cells and are potential targets for active immunotherapy. In MM, different CTAs have been shown to be expressed in cell lines and patient cells, and are associated with more proliferative and advance stage tumors. However, correlation with survival has never been reported. We undertook a global survey of CTA expression using gene expression profiling of CD138-enriched plasma-cell (PC) RNA in 15 normal, 101 MM, 22 MGUS and 24 SMM samples using the Affymetrix U133A chip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). 22 CTA genes were differentially expressed across the samples and unsupervised clustering using these genes clearly identifies a group of patients with high CTA expression. Most CTAs have significantly higher expression in MM as compared to SMM and especially MGUS, which has similar expression as normal PCs. As these antigens are not expressed in normal PCs, an upper limit of normal expression (ULN) was derived based on mean+3SD of expression in normal PCs for each CTA. A strict cut-off of normalized expression value greater than 2xULN was used to assign positive expression for each CTA genes. Using this method, the most commonly expressed CTAs are MAGE-A3 (73% of MM), MAGE-C1 (45%), MAGE-A6 (35%), SSX-1 (21%), GAGE-5 (18%) and NY-ESO-1 (14%). We then assigned patients with expression of more than 2 of these genes as having a CTA signature and correlated with clinical parameters. 45 patents (41 MM and 4 SMM) have the CTA signature. These patients have a significantly higher PCLI (median 0.2 v 0.7, p=0.0003). In fact, there is a significant correlation between the number of positive CTAs and PCLI (r=0.59, p<0.0001). Interestingly, there is no association between patients with a CTA signature and any of the recurrent genetic abnormalities (IgH translocations, chromosome 13 deletion and TC classes), yet MM patients with this signature have a significantly shorter survival (median 459 days vs not reached, log-rank p=0.017). A prognostic hierarchy exists amongst these CTAs. Only MAGE-A6, MAGE-A12, SSX-1 and SSX-5 expression has significant prognostic implications with the SSX family conferring the worse prognosis. Using a restricted panel of 3 CTAs (SSX-1, -5 and MAGE-A12), about 28% of MM patients expressing one or more of these genes can be identified with poor survival (median less than 1 year) that is independent of genetic subtypes. The genes differentially expressed between patients with and without the CTA signature are mainly involved in cell cycle regulation. Since the expression of this large set of CTAs appears to be under epigenetic control, we speculate that the same epigenetic processes that lead to dysregulation of the cell cycle also cause ectopic expression of CTA genes. As CTA expression is rare in MGUS, epigenetic processes may therefore also mediate transformation from MGUS to MM. These poor prognosis patients represent good candidates for novel therapies targeting the epigenetic machinery.

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Hwang, Hun-Way, Yuhki Saito, Christopher Y. Park, Nathalie E. Blachère, Yoko Tajima, John J. Fak, Ilana Zucker-Scharff, and Robert B. Darnell. "cTag-PAPERCLIP Reveals Alternative Polyadenylation Promotes Cell-Type Specific Protein Diversity and Shifts Araf Isoforms with Microglia Activation." Neuron 95, no. 6 (September 2017): 1334–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.08.024.

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Torsello, G. F., A. Argyriou, K. Stavroulakis, M. J. Bosiers, M. Austermann, and G. B. Torsello. "One-Year Results From the SURPASS Observational Registry of the CTAG Stent-Graft With the Active Control System." Journal of Vascular Surgery 72, no. 1 (July 2020): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.471.

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SUGAWARA, Takashi, Motoki INAJI, Youji TANAKA, Tadashi NARIAI, and Taketoshi MAEHARA. "Review of the Usefulness of the Mini Orbitozygomatic Approach for Clipping the Anterior Communicating Aneurysm with 3D CTAG." Surgery for Cerebral Stroke 45, no. 5 (2017): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2335/scs.45.345.

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MILYUTKINA, S., W. FINK, and M. KOVALEVSKAYA. "Detecting recurrence of macular edema in patients with wet AMD after anti-VEGF treatment using 3D-CTAG test." Acta Ophthalmologica 92 (August 20, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2014.f067.x.

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John, Tom, Prudence Russell, Stephen Barnett, Zoe Wainer, Shane White, Paul Mitchell, Marzena Walkiewicz, et al. "NY-ESO-1 as a predictive and prognostic marker in NSCLC." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e17539-e17539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e17539.

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e17539 Background: Cancer-testis antigens (CTAgs) have previously been shown to be markers of poor prognosis and to be associated with chemoresistance in short interference RNA screens. In contradistinction, we recently reported the CTAg NY-ESO-1 predicted improved responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pathological stage IIIA NSCLC. Despite this, no significant survival benefit was seen in NY-ESO-1 positive (NY-ESO-1+) patients. Given that tissues available for staining in the neoadjuvant setting were limited, we investigated a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent curative surgery for pathological N2 disease. As some of these patients were operated on prior to the broad acceptance of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), half did not receive chemotherapy. We investigated NY-ESO-1 as a prognostic and/or predictive marker in these patients. Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues were reviewed and stained using standard methods for a panel of CTAgs including NY-ESO-1 by immunohistochemistry. Tumors were categorized as NY-ESO-1+ or NY-ESO-1-. Isolated DNA was subjected to mutation profiling using Sequenom’s MassArray platform. Molecular markers were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. Results: NY-ESO-1 stained 26/104 (25%) samples, including 15 cases that received ACT and 11 that did not. NY-ESO-1+ tumors were enriched for squamous cell carcinomas over adenocarcinomas (12/29 vs. 8/57; p = 0.01). They also lacked EGFR mutants and were enriched for KRAS mutants amongst adenocarcinomas relative to NY-ESO-1- tumors (5/8 vs. 9/49; p=0.02). NY-ESO-1+ patients who did not receive ACT had significantly worse outcome than NY-ESO-1- patients who did not receive ACT (HR 2.66 1.2-5.86, p=0.01). Median survival favored NY-ESO-1+ patients who received chemotherapy (37.7 months) compared to NY-ESO-1- patients regardless of chemotherapy (28.2 ACT vs 15.7 No ACT; p= 0.25) and NY-ESO-1+ patients who did not receive ACT (7.75). Conclusions: In this dataset, NY-ESO-1 was poorly prognostic but also predictive for more favorable outcomes with chemotherapy. These data support our previous observation of increased responses to chemotherapy in NY-ESO-1+ N2 patients and warrant further study.

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Choi, Nu-Ri, Sung-Hoon Jung, Hyun-Ju Lee, Manh-Cuong Vo, My-Dung Hoang, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, and Je-Jung Lee. "The Cancer/Testis Antigens of SSX4, MAGE-A3, and CTAG2 Are Attractive Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy in Korean Patients with Multiple Myeloma." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5757.5757.

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Abstract Introduction: Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy because of a tumor-restricted expression and remarkable immunogenicity. Several CTAs have been used as a source of tumor antigen in dendritic cell therapy against multiple myeloma (MM), but there was no report the CTAs in Asian patients with MM. In this study, we evaluate the expression of 10 CTAs on malignant plasma cells of bone marrow in 18 Korean patients with relapsed or refractory MM. Materials and methods: Eighteen patients with relapsed or refractory MM were classified as four categories according to paraprotein subtypes: IgG (n=7), IgA (n=5), light chain-lambda (n=3), and light chain-kappa (n=3). The expression pattern of 10 CTAs, including NY-ESO-1, SSX2, SSX4, SSX5, MAGE-A3, MAGE-C1, MAGE-C2, BAGE2, CTAG2, and SPA7, was studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in CD138+ cells of BM mononuclear cells (MNCs) obtained from MM patients. In addition, we compared it with expression pattern of CTAs in the MNCs from healthy normal donors and the CD138- cells of BM MNCs from MM patients as controls. Results: In CD138+ cells of BM MNCs from the patients, five CTAs, including SSX2, SSX4, MAGE-A3, MAGEC2, and CTAG2, showed high frequency and overall 5.4 to 63.9 fold increase expression in the quantitative mRNA survey compared to MNCs from healthy donors and CD138- cells of BM MNCs from patients. Expression pattern of 5 CTAs was slightly different by paraprotein subtypes: IgA subtype - SSX4 (17.1 fold increase), MAGE-A3 (11.0 fold increase), and CTAG2 (5.9 fold increase); IgG subtype - CTAG2 (63.9 fold increase), SSX4 (40.2 fold increase), and MAGE-A3 (39.9 fold increase); lambda light chain subtype - CTAG2 (42.4 fold increase), SSX4 (29.0 fold increase), and MAGE-A3 (24.4 fold increase); kappa light chain subtype - SSX2 (6.4 fold increase), MAGE-C2 (6.2 fold increase), MAGE-A3 (5.4 fold increase), and SSX4 (5.4 fold increase). Conclusion: This study suggests that three CTAs, such as SSX4, MAGE-A3, and CTAG2, highly expressed on malignant plasma cells are potentially promising targets for cancer immunotherapy in Korean patients with relapsed or refractory MM. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Broxton, TJ, JR Christie, and SM Mannas. "Micellar Catalysis of Organic-Reactions. XXI. A Comparison of the Catalytic Activity of Micelles of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide and Sulfate on Ester, Amide and Carbamate Hydrolyses." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 3 (1988): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9880325.

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The basic hydrolyses of phenyl acetate, N,4-dimethyl-N-(3′- nitrophenyl ) benzamide , methyl N-methyl-N-(4′-nitrophenyl) carbamate and methyl N-(3′,5′-dinitrophenyl)-N-methylcarbamate have been studied in cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab) and sulfate (ctas). Hydrolysis of phenyl acetate and the 4′-nitro carbamate, which involve rate-determining hydroxide attack, exhibit weak catalysis by both micelles, and the observed rates in each micelle are similar. The hydrolysis of the benzamide and the 3′,5′-dinitro carbamate, which involve rate determining C-N bond breaking, show larger catalysis, and, furthermore, micelles of ctab are more effective than micelles of ctas. The observed rates can be explained by the pseudo-phase kinetic model. For reactions involving rate-determining hydroxide attack, the calculated second-order rate constants in micelles of ctab and ctas are similar and much less than those for reaction in water. For reactions involving rate-determining C-N bond breaking the calculated second-order rate constants in micelles of ctab are greater than in micelles of ctas, and similar to those for reaction in water.

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Wang, Yan Jason, Monica T. Nguyen, Jonathan T. Steffens, Zheming Tong, Yungang Wang, Philip K. Hopke, and K. Max Zhang. "Modeling multi-scale aerosol dynamics and micro-environmental air quality near a large highway intersection using the CTAG model." Science of The Total Environment 443 (January 2013): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.102.

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Chen, Y. T., A. D. Boyer, C. S. Viars, S. Tsang, L. J. Old, and K. C. Arden. "Genomic cloning and localization of CTAG, a gene encoding an autoimmunogenic cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 to human chromosome Xq28." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 79, no. 3-4 (1997): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000134734.

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Wang, Yan Jason, Bo Yang, Eric M. Lipsky, Allen L. Robinson, and K. Max Zhang. "Analyses of Turbulent Flow Fields and Aerosol Dynamics of Diesel Engine Exhaust Inside Two Dilution Sampling Tunnels Using the CTAG Model." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 2 (January 3, 2013): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es302376d.

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Toya, Naoki, Soichiro Fukushima, Eisaku Ito, Takeyuki Misawa, and Takao Ohki. "Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair Using Combined the Najuta Fenestrated Stent Graft Plus the Distal Ctag Stent Graft for Aortic Arch Aneurysm." European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 58, no. 6 (December 2019): e284-e285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.06.887.

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Myagkov, Alexander, Maria Kovalevskaya, and Oksana Pererva. "Scleral gas permeable contact lenses as a possible way of visual rehabilitation of patients with age-related macular degeneration." Eye 125, no. 2019-1 (2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2019-1-33-40.

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Low visual acuity, loss of the central visual field, metamorphopsia, distortion of lines and decreased contrast sensitivity cause reduced quality of vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Currently existing methods of visual rehabilitation for patients with AMD, such as telescopic intraocular and scleral lenses, are functionally and cosmetically unacceptable. The use of intraocular telescopic lenses is limited by the high risk of postoperative complications, low functional parameters, as well as by difficult ophthalmoscopy and lasting adaptation of patients. Telescopic scleral lenses have а low resolution, contain impermeable to oxygen parts and require wearing special switching glasses. However, scleral lenses have potential in developing an optimal method for vision correction in patients with AMD due to the presence of following advantages: wide optical zone, gas permeability, correction of refractive astigmatism in presbyopic patients and alleviation of dry eye symptoms. In conclusion, further clinical researches are required to develop a method for improving the quality of vision in patients with AMD by using scleral lenses with an objective test for evaluating the effectiveness of correction – the 3D computer-automated threshold Amsler grid test (3D-CTAG).

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Novotný, Róbert, Petr Mitáš, Jaroslav Hlubocký, Ján Hrubý, Andrey Slautin, Rudolf Špunda, and Jaroslav Lindner. "Juxtarenal Modular Aortic Stent Graft Infection Caused byStaphylococcus aureus." Case Reports in Vascular Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7597265.

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Introduction. We are presenting a case report of an infected modular abdominal stent graft.Case Presentation. A 67-year-old male patient three years after Cook’s modular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) graft implantation for juxtarenal AAA with an implantation of a stent extension into the right common iliac artery for type Ib endoleak. The patient was admitted into our center in severe condition with suspected retroperitoneal bleeding. Computed tomography angiography (CTAG) confirmed retroperitoneal bleeding in the right common iliac artery. An urgent surgical revision was indicated; destructed arterial wall around the stent extension in the right common iliac artery was discovered. Due to the severe state of health of the patient, a resection of the infected stent and affected arterial wall was performed, followed by an iliac-femoral crossover bypass. The patient was transported to the intensive care unit with hepatic and renal failure, with maximal catecholamine support. Combined antibiotic treatment was started. The patient died five hours after the procedure. The cause of death was multiorgan failure caused by sepsis. Hemocultures and perioperative microbiological cultures showed the infection agent to beStaphylococcus aureusmethicillin sensitive.Conclusion. Stent graft infection is a rare complication. Treatment is associated with high mortality and morbidity.

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Condomines, Maud, Dirk Hose, Thierry Reme, Michael Hundemer, John De Vos, Marion Baudard, Thomas Moehler, et al. "Cancer/Testis Genes in Multiple Myeloma: Expression Patterns and Vaccination Strategies Determined by Microarray Analysis." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3401.3401.

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Abstract Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are expressed in testis and malignant tumors, but rarely in non-gametogenic tissues. Due to this pattern, they represent attractive targets for cancer vaccination approaches. The aims of the present study were (1) to assess for the first time the expression of CT genes on a pangenomic basis in multiple myeloma (MM), (2) to provide selection strategies of CT antigens for clinical vaccination trials and (3) to assess the impact of CT gene expression on event-free survival. We report here the expression pattern of CT genes in purified MM cells (MMC) of 64 patients with newly-diagnosed MM, 12 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), in normal plasma cell and B cell samples and in 20 MMC lines, using gene expression profiling (GEP). Out of 46 CT genes interrogated by the Affymetrix HG U133 Set arrays, 35 were expressed in MMC of at least one patient, according to the Affymetrix “present” call (frequency range: 2% – 66%). Of these, 24 CT genes were expressed in more than 5% of the MMC samples and 25 are located on chromosome X. MMC of 98% of the patients expressed at least one CT gene, 86% at least two, and 70% at least three CT genes. By using a set of 10 CT genes including KM-HN-1, MAGE-C1, MAGE-A3/6/12, MAGE-A5, MORC, DDX43, SPACA3, SSX-4, GAGE-1–8 and MAGE-C2, a combination of at least three CT genes - desirable to circumvent tumor escape mechanisms and immune tolerance - could be obtained in MMC of 67% of the patients. Thus, gene expression profiling can be used to select CT antigens as vaccination targets in individual patients. In a series of MMC from 111 patients treated with the same high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation protocol and having a median two-year follow-up, we found that the expression of six CT genes, i.e. CTAG-1B, CTAG-2, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A2, MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 was associated with a shorter event-free survival (EFS). Furthermore, considering only the 25 CT genes encoded by chromosome X, a CT-Xhigh cluster comprising MMC of one third of the patients (35 of 111) could be defined using a binary hierarchical clustering based on Affymetrix call. Patients in the CT-Xhigh cluster had a shorter EFS (median 13 months) compared to patients in the CT-Xlow cluster (median 18 months, P = .003). The CT-Xhigh clsuter included more patients with a stage III disease (P = .004). These results confirm data from previous studies indicating that patients expressing some CT genes located on chromosome X have a poor outcome.

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Radosevic-Robin, N., J. Reeves, K. Leroy, M. Duruisseaux, P. Morel, M. Bhagat, F. Penault-Llorca, et al. "Immunological signature meta-analysis across lung cancer cohorts within the NanoString Clinical Transcriptional Atlas Group (CTAG) associated with patient outcome and history." Annals of Oncology 30 (December 2019): xi7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz447.021.

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Zhang, Fan, Jian Zhu, Hui-Qin An, Jian-Jun Li, and Jun-Wu Zhao. "A two-step approach to realize size- and shape-selective separation of crude gold nanotriangles with high purification." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 3 (2016): 568–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc03389f.

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Fullmer, Matthew S., Matthew Ouellette, Artemis S. Louyakis, R. Thane Papke, and Johann Peter Gogarten. "The Patchy Distribution of Restriction–Modification System Genes and the Conservation of Orphan Methyltransferases in Halobacteria." Genes 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10030233.

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Abstract:

Restriction–modification (RM) systems in bacteria are implicated in multiple biological roles ranging from defense against parasitic genetic elements, to selfish addiction cassettes, and barriers to gene transfer and lineage homogenization. In bacteria, DNA-methylation without cognate restriction also plays important roles in DNA replication, mismatch repair, protein expression, and in biasing DNA uptake. Little is known about archaeal RM systems and DNA methylation. To elucidate further understanding for the role of RM systems and DNA methylation in Archaea, we undertook a survey of the presence of RM system genes and related genes, including orphan DNA methylases, in the halophilic archaeal class Halobacteria. Our results reveal that some orphan DNA methyltransferase genes were highly conserved among lineages indicating an important functional constraint, whereas RM systems demonstrated patchy patterns of presence and absence. This irregular distribution is due to frequent horizontal gene transfer and gene loss, a finding suggesting that the evolution and life cycle of RM systems may be best described as that of a selfish genetic element. A putative target motif (CTAG) of one of the orphan methylases was underrepresented in all of the analyzed genomes, whereas another motif (GATC) was overrepresented in most of the haloarchaeal genomes, particularly in those that encoded the cognate orphan methylase.

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Inukai, Tsuyoshi, and Yoshio Sano. "Sequence rearrangement in the AT-rich minisatellite of the novel rice transposable element Basho." Genome 45, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-010.

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Abstract:

In the process of characterizing a rice wx deletion mutant, an AT-rich minisatellite sequence that consisted of units of ~80 bp was detected about 2.3 kb downstream of the wx gene. This AT-rich minisatellite was a multiple-copy element (1 × 103 to 2 × 103 copies per haploid genome) and interspersed in the rice genome. By BLAST homology search it was indicated that not only the tandem repeat but also both flanking sequences were conserved among copies. According to the characteristics of the termini (5'-CHH ...CTAG-3') and a target site preference for T, this AT-rich minisatellite accompanying the flanking sequences was classified into a novel transposon, Basho. The results of direct amplification of Basho showed that relatively large variation in size existed in the Basho family. We estimate the variation to be generated by not only alteration of the number of units in the minisatellite but also by duplications of larger blocks including the conserved flanking sequences caused by single-strand mispairing (SSM) at noncontiguous repeats. Because the AT-rich minisatellite contained in Basho possessed several motifs of the matrix attachment region (MAR) in its repeat unit, the functional role as MAR in the rice genome was discussed.Key words: Oryza sativa, minisatellite, Basho, single strand mispairing (SSM).

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