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Journal articles on the topic 'CTC Loss Function'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Feng, Xinjie, Hongxun Yao, and Shengping Zhang. "Focal CTC Loss for Chinese Optical Character Recognition on Unbalanced Datasets." Complexity 2019 (January 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9345861.

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In this paper, we propose a novel deep model for unbalanced distribution Character Recognition by employing focal loss based connectionist temporal classification (CTC) function. Previous works utilize Traditional CTC to compute prediction losses. However, some datasets may consist of extremely unbalanced samples, such as Chinese. In other words, both training and testing sets contain large amounts of low-frequent samples. The low-frequent samples have very limited influence on the model during training. To solve this issue, we modify the traditional CTC by fusing focal loss with it and thus m

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Scheidmann, Manuel C., Francesc Castro-Giner, Karin Strittmatter, et al. "An In Vivo CRISPR Screen Identifies Stepwise Genetic Dependencies of Metastatic Progression." Cancer Research 82, no. 4 (2021): 681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3908.

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Abstract Blood-borne metastasis of breast cancer involves a series of tightly regulated sequential steps, including the growth of a primary tumor lesion, intravasation of circulating tumor cells (CTC), and adaptation in various distant metastatic sites. The genes orchestrating each of these steps are poorly understood in physiologically relevant contexts, owing to the rarity of experimental models that faithfully recapitulate the biology, growth kinetics, and tropism of human breast cancer. Here, we conducted an in vivo loss-of-function CRISPR screen in newly derived CTC xenografts, unique in

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Nerelius, Charlotte, Emily Martin, Siwei Peng, et al. "Mutations linked to interstitial lung disease can abrogate anti-amyloid function of prosurfactant protein C." Biochemical Journal 416, no. 2 (2008): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20080981.

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The newly synthesized proSP-C (surfactant protein C precursor) is an integral ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane protein with a single metastable polyvaline α-helical transmembrane domain that comprises two-thirds of the mature peptide. More than 20 mutations in the ER-lumenal CTC (C-terminal domain of proSP-C), are associated with ILD (interstitial lung disease), and some of the mutations cause intracellular accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates and a corresponding decrease in mature SP-C. In the present study, we showed that: (i) human embryonic kidney cells expressing the ILD-associ

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Feng, Li, and Wei Yiyang. "A Study of Speech Recognition with Deep Learning." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 05, no. 05 (2022): 965–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6556186.

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The development of deep learning and the continuous progress of artificial intelligence have contributed to the rapid development of speech recognition. Among them, the end-to-end structure is the more important part of the whole speech recognition. This paper introduces two end-to-end speech recognition methods, the attention model and the CTC loss function, describes the practical application of deep learning in speech recognition and suggests improvements to the two models. Finally, the practical usefulness of speech recognition is demonstrated by analyzing the application of trigger word d

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Nagata, Masayoshi, Satoru Muto, and Shigeo Horie. "Molecular Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Novel Potential Indicators of Prognosis and Treatment Outcomes." Disease Markers 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8205836.

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Although many clinical and molecular markers for predicting outcomes in bladder cancer (BC) have been reported, their application in clinical practice remains unclear. Bladder carcinogenesis has two distinct molecular pathways that direct the development of BC.FGFR3mutations are common in low-grade BC, whileTP53mutation or loss ofRB1is associated with muscle-invasive BC. However, no tissue-based gene markers confirmed by prospective large-scale trials in BC have been used in clinical practice. Micro-RNA analyses of BC tissue revealed that miR-145 and miR-29c⁎function as tumor suppressors, wher

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Song, Jingni, Feng Chen, Qunqi Wu, Weiyu Liu, Feiyang Xue, and Kai Du. "Optimization of Passenger Transportation Corridor Mode Supply Structure in Regional Comprehensive Transport Considering Economic Equilibrium." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (2019): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041172.

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Reasonable transportation network layoutsarecritical for optimizing a comprehensive transport system. With the gradual development of a transportation industry from quantitative expansion to structural optimization, and transformation of various transportation modes from independent operation to integrated development, traditional comprehensive transport planning theories and methods have not adapted. In thispaper, a new planning concept is proposed from the perspective of economic equilibrium with theaim ofoptimizing a supply structure for a comprehensive transport passenger transportation co

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Lee, Rusia, Viola Ellison, Gu Xiao, et al. "Abstract 2437: Identification of MDMX/MDM2 metastasis signaling pathways in breast cancer cells with mutant p53." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2437.

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Abstract Human breast cancers often overexpress MDM family proteins MDM2 and MDMX(MDM4). MDM2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and MDMX is an E4 that promotes ubiquitination of MDM2 targets (however this is an understudied area). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) shows high MDMX/MDM2 expression in all breast cancer subtypes. We identified that MDMX depletion reduces circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and metastasis of breast cancers with mtp53. Our ongoing objective is to determine the mechanisms of how MDMX promotes CTCs and metastasis, and the potential MDMX regulated ubiquitinated targets. In TNBC primar

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Et. al., Kavitha Ananth,. "Handwritten Text Recognition using Deep Learning and Word Beam Search." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (2021): 2905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2326.

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This paper offers a solution to traditional handwriting recognition techniques using concepts of Deep learning and Word Beam Search. This paper explains about how an individual handwritten word is classified from the handwritten text by translating into a digital form. The digital form when trained with the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss function, the output produced is a RNN. This is a matrix containing character probabilities for each time-step. The final text is mapped using a CTC decoding algorithm by converting the character probabilities. The recognized text is construc

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Slovin, Susan F., Karen E. Knudsen, Susan Halabi, et al. "Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) N-terminal androgen receptor expression to identify patients (pts) with castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who are more sensitive to chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 5034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.5034.

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5034 Background: Loss of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) function was identified as a major means to develop CRPC; the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) is under stringent RB control; and tumors devoid of RB function are hypersensitive to treatment with chemotherapy. Exploratory analysis evaluated baseline N-terminal AR expression in CTCs in men with chemotherapy-naïve CPRC and correlated to changes in PSA, leading us to inquire if this biomarker may identify pts sensitive to chemotherapy. Methods: In a multicenter phase II randomized trial of approved doses of abiraterone acet

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Hafeez, Ameen. "SilentInterpreter: Analysis of Lip Movement and Extracting Speech Using Deep Learning." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30582.

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Lip reading presents a captivating avenue for advancing speech recognition algorithms, leveraging visual cues from lip movements to recognise spoken words. This paper introduces a novel method employing deep neural networks to convert lip motions into textual representations. The methodology integrates convolutional neural networks for visual feature extraction, recurrent neural networks to capture temporal context, and the Connectionist Temporal Classification loss function for aligning lip features with phonemes. Additionally, dynamic learning rate scheduling and a unique callback mechanism

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Armstrong, Andrew J., Rhonda Lynn Bitting, Gabor Kemeny, and Daniel J. George. "Evidence for circulating tumor cell (CTC) alkaline phosphatase (AP) expression in men with bone-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) during abiraterone acetate treatment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (2014): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.178.

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178 Background: Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) changes in men with metastatic prostate cancer have been described since the Nobel Prize winning discovery of the hormonal dependence of PC. High serum AP is independently associated with mortality in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and reductions in AP with treatment are favorably prognostic. Transient rises in AP may occur during treatment initiation and reflect bone remodeling/healing. The source of serum AP in men with metastatic prostate cancer, however, remains unclear. We hypothesize that cancer cell osteomimicry and e

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Ananth, Kavitha, and Kirubanand V. B. "Extraction of Handwritten Text using Word Beam Search Algorithm and Language Modeling." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2023): 2786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.2970.

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The challenge of recognizing handwriting in mortgage records is covered in this article. Businesses trying to digitize huge numbers of hand-marked scanned documents or reports have a significant challenge: offline handwritten text recognition from images. In order to translate a picture into a series of characters that match to the text that is contained in the image, this research suggests an innovative language model in combination with a deep convolutional network and a recurrent encoder-decoder network. Using the principles of Deep Learning and Word Beam Search, the complete model is train

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Ganek, Hillary, Ron Smyth, Stephanie Nixon, and Alice Eriks-Brophy. "Using the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) System to Investigate Cultural Differences in Conversational Turn Count." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 9 (2018): 2246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0370.

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Purpose This study investigates how the variables of culture and hearing status might influence the amount of parent–child talk families engage in throughout an average day. Method Seventeen Vietnamese and 8 Canadian families of children with hearing loss and 17 Vietnamese and 13 Canadian families with typically hearing children between the ages of 18 and 48 months old participated in this cross-comparison design study. Each child wore a Language ENvironment Analysis system digital language processor for 3 days. An automated vocal analysis then calculated an average conversational turn count (

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Shafi, Gowhar, Atul Bharde, Fauzul Moubeen, et al. "Abstract 3379: Comprehensive circulating tumor DNA and CTC profiling of treatment naïve early-stage head and neck cancer patients reveals early signature of disease progression." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 3379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3379.

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Abstract Comprehensive CtDNA and CTC profiling of treatment naïve early-stage head and neck cancer patients reveals early signatures of disease progressionBackground: We performed comprehensive ctDNA analysis on early-stage HNC patients in a pilot study to determine the mutational landscape in HNC patients with a known tobacco history. Methods: We analysed ctDNA of 18 early-stage HNC patients for genomic landscapes using the illumina NextSeq 2000 NGS. A custom-designed OncoIndex gene panel was used for the hybrid capture target-enrichment of critical cancer genes. Panel was designed to detect

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Kashyap, Amrit, Madeleine Hackney, Venkatagiri Krishnamurthy, et al. "2334 Neural correlates of externally Versus internally guided dance-based therapies for people with Parkinson’s disease." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.99.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a condition that affects over a million Americans, and despite current medical therapies, the progression of the disease results in impaired generation of internally timed or guided (IG) movements. To address this loss of motor function, previous rehabilitation therapies have focused on remediating the affected striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits (STC), primarily thought to be responsible in generating timed motor patterns. However, given the disease leads to the cell death of dopaminergic cells that are essential for proper STC function, w

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Stogov, Maxim V., and Elena A. Kireeva. "Evaluation of biological effectiveness of amino acid mixture as potential stimulator of synthetic processes in skeletal muscles." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 26, no. 2 (2018): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20182213-221.

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Background. The ability of certain amino acids to stimulate anabolic processes in skeletal muscles has been proved by fundamental research, which makes it important to search for effective agents based on amino acids for stimulation of synthetic processes in skeletal muscles. Aim. To study the effect of oral administration of the original amino acid mixture (Larginine, Lmethionine, Lleucine, Lisoleucine) on protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscles and liver of CBA male mice. Material and Methods. Two series of experiments were performed. In the first series (n

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Stogov, Maxim V., and Elena A. Kireeva. "Evaluation of biological effectiveness of amino acid mixture as potential stimulator of synthetic processes in skeletal muscles." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 26, no. 2 (2018): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj2018262213-221.

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Background. The ability of certain amino acids to stimulate anabolic processes in skeletal muscles has been proved by fundamental research, which makes it important to search for effective agents based on amino acids for stimulation of synthetic processes in skeletal muscles. Aim. To study the effect of oral administration of the original amino acid mixture (Larginine, Lmethionine, Lleucine, Lisoleucine) on protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscles and liver of CBA male mice. Material and Methods. Two series of experiments were performed. In the first series (n

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Muthusamy, Prema, and Gomathi Pudupalayam Murugan. "An Optimization of Occlusion robust Spatio Temporal Hybrid Cue Network." International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications 14, no. 9 (2024): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/9622-14096880.

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Sign language (SL) is used by deaf-mute individuals for communication but normal people finds hard to understand the SL which causes a communication gap between them. It is crucial to reduce the gap between physically challenged people and normal people. In recent days, Deep Learning (DL) methods are used for the prediction of SLs. Amongst, Occlusion-resistant Spatio-Temporal Hybrid Cue Network (OSTHCN) method is developed which utilizes Skeleton Occupancy Likelihood Map estimation using B-Spline curve in Dynamic Dense Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network (DDSTGCNN) to refine the

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Reddy, A. Sridhar, V. V. M. J. Satish Chembuly, and V. V. S. Kesava Rao. "Dynamic Analysis and Control of Redundant Manipulator for Agricultural Applications in a Virtual Environment." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 8, no. 4 (2023): 710–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2023.8.4.041.

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In the development of automated manipulators for fruit and vegetable picking technologies, the challenge of ensuring an efficient, stable, and loss-free picking process has been a complex problem. In such an environment, manipulators require the most efficient and robust control for effective operations. In this paper, a serial 9-DOF redundant manipulator (1P8R) is proposed with various controllers for trajectory tracking problems in agricultural applications. The dynamic analysis of redundant manipulator has been carried out using the Recursive Newton-Euler method. The joint configurations of

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Du, Zhaohui, Xiaofeng Zhao, Lin Li, Baohua Yu, and Lijiang Miao. "A study on phonemes recognition method for Mandarin pronunciation based on improved Zipformer-RNN-T(Pruned) modeling." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0324048. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324048.

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In recent years, empowered by artificial intelligence technologies, computer-assisted language learning systems have gradually become a hot topic of research. Currently, the mainstream pronunciation assessment models rely on advanced speech recognition technology, converting speech into phoneme sequences, and then determining mispronounced phonemes through sequence comparison. To optimize the phoneme recognition task in pronunciation evaluation, this paper proposes a Chinese pronunciation phoneme recognition model based on the improved Zipformer-RNN-T(Pruned) architecture, aiming to improve re

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Li, Jinke, Chunyue Wang, and Runheng Cai. "Channel attention convolutional recurrent neural network on street view symbol recognition." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 9 (September 30, 2022): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v9i.1869.

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Character recognition has always played an important role in the area of image processing. In our paper, we focus on the recognition problem of street view symbol, and propose a novel network architecture called Channel-Attention-based Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CACRNN) for character detection and character recognition. Different from CRNN, our method is based on convolutional neural network (CNN) structure with the help of attention guidance, which is a new way of combining CNN, recurrent neural network, and SE block. CRNN can be learned directly from sequence labels without deta

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Liang, Shuang, Xue Bai, and Yu Gu. "Improving Circulating Tumor Cell Detection Using Image Synthesis and Transformer Models in Cancer Diagnostics." Sensors 24, no. 23 (2024): 7822. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237822.

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death, significantly threatening human health. Effective treatment options are often lacking in advanced stages, making early diagnosis crucial for reducing mortality rates. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a promising biomarker for early detection; however, their automatic detection is challenging due to their heterogeneous size and shape, as well as their scarcity in blood. This study proposes a data generation method using the Segment Anything Model (SAM) combined with a copy–paste strategy. We develop a detection network based on the Swin Transformer

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Wang, Yipeng, Stephanie Greene, Angel Rodriguez, et al. "The use of whole genome copy number variation (CNV) to measure genomic instability in mCRPC CTCs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (2016): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.307.

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307 Background: AR targeted therapies in combination with PARP inhibitors have recently shown efficacy in mCRPC patients with specific DNA repair gene mutations in metastatic tissue biopsies. Homologous recombination DNA repair deficiencies (HRD), associated with response to PARP inhibitors, can also be assessed by genomic instability/scarring. Accurate genomic scarring measurement in tumors can be confounded by intra-tumor heterogeneity and/or non-tumor genome contamination. To better identify PARPi sensitivity in mCRPC patients, we developed a genomic instability and scarring assay starting

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Xu, KaiYan, Josephine Mun-yee KO, Valen Zhuo you Yu, and Maria Li LUNG. "Abstract 3005: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) depletion promotes tumorigenicity by modulating fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-3005.

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Abstract Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is widespread worldwide with a poor survival rate. Tumor cells shedding from tumor tissues traveling to other organs through the blood circulatory system are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The CTCs in the blood of ESCC patients were enriched and then subjected to CTC mutational profiling by target sequencing. Our results suggested that CTC mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) may have a potential prognostic role for ESCC. LRP1B belongs to the low-density receptor (LDLR) family with divers

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Tung, Chun-Liang, Ching-Hsin Wang, and Bo-Syuan Peng. "A Deep Learning Model of Dual-Stage License Plate Recognition Applicable to the Data Processing Industry." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 11, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3723715.

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Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is a widely used technology. However, due to the influence of complex environmental factors, recognition accuracy and speed of license plate recognition have been challenged and expected. Aiming to construct a sufficiently robust license plate recognition model, this study adopted multitask learning in the license plate detection stage, used the convolutional neural networks of single-stage detection, RetinaFace, and MobileNet, as approaches to license plate location, and completed the license plate sampling through the calculation of license plate sk

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Tan, Zhen, Josephine Mun-Yee Ko, Valen Zhuoyou Yu, Hoi Yan Ng, Simon Law, and Maria Li Lung. "Abstract 6705: Molecular detection of circulating cancer cells with cancer stem cell or mesenchymal characteristics in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 6705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6705.

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Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a clinically challenging disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach. Unfortunately, the scarcity of ESCC genomic data hinders the understanding of ESCC biology, disease progression and rational therapy design. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are shed from the primary and metastatic tumors and then circulate within the peripheral vasculature, reflect the existing tumor heterogeneity. Here, we utilized the non-biased size-based CTC enrichment strategy in combination with the real-time RT-PCR to molecularly characterize the CTCs

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Stošić, Biljana P., and Vlastimir D. Pavlović. "Using Cascaded Non-Identical CIC Sections to Improve Insertion Loss." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 06 (2015): 1550092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500929.

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A novel class of cascaded-integrator-comb (CIC) filter functions, which preserve the CIC filter simplicity avoiding the multipliers, is proposed in this paper. The proposed class is designed using several cascaded non-identical CIC sections. The paper provides its non-recursive and recursive forms, as well as frequency response. Compared with classical CIC finite impulse response (FIR) filters designed novel class shows excellent performances in term of insertion loss in stopband and selectivity. To verify the behavior of the proposed novel class of CIC FIR filter functions, several illustrati

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Liu, Xing, Fupeng Wei, Wei Jiang, et al. "MTR-SAM: Visual Multimodal Text Recognition and Sentiment Analysis in Public Opinion Analysis on the Internet." Applied Sciences 13, no. 12 (2023): 7307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13127307.

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Existing methods for monitoring internet public opinion rely primarily on regular crawling of textual information on web pages but cannot quickly and accurately acquire and identify textual information in images and videos and discriminate sentiment. The problems make this a challenging research point for multimodal information detection in an internet public opinion scenario. In this paper, we look at how to dynamically monitor the internet opinion information (mostly images and videos) that different websites post. Based on the most recent advancements in text recognition, this paper propose

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Ameen Hafeez, Rohith M K, Sakshi Prashant, Sinchana Hegde, and Prof. Shwetha K S. "Survey on Silentinterpreter : Analysis of Lip Movement and Extracting Speech using Deep Learning." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 11, no. 2 (2024): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset2411219.

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Lip reading is a complex but interesting path for the growth of speech recognition algorithms. It is the ability of deciphering spoken words by evaluating visual cues from lip movements. In this study, we suggest a unique method for lip reading that converts lip motions into textual representations by using deep neural networks. Convolutional neural networks are used in the methodology to extract visual features, recurrent neural networks are used to simulate temporal context, and the Connectionist Temporal Classification loss function is used to align lip features with corresponding phonemes.

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Chandran, Elias, Nicholas I. Simon, Scot Anthony Niglio, et al. "A phase II study of olaparib (AZD2281) in patients (Pts) with metastatic/advanced urothelial carcinoma and other genitourinary (GU) tumors with DNA-repair defects." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (2023): TPS4607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.tps4607.

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TPS4607 Background: Olaparib is a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that induces synthetic lethality in tumor cells with dysfunctional DNA damage repair (DDR) from loss of function of BRCA or other DDR genes. It improves survival in advanced ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and breast carcinoma with DDR gene alterations and is FDA approved for these indications. PARP inhibitors still have an undefined role in non-prostate GU tumors. We hypothesize that PARP inhibitors will have activity in DDR deficient tumors, regardless of histology. We are conducting a phase 2 trial of olaparib in no

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Sjoquist, Katrin Marie, Alexander Dobrovic, Kristy Robledo, et al. "Olaparib in HR-deficient (HRD), metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and relapsed ovarian cancer (ROC) without germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: Phase 2 EMBRACE trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (2023): e15079-e15079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e15079.

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e15079 Background: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) caused by germline BRCA1/2 mutations (gBRCAm) sensitize high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) and TNBC to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) such as olaparib. Loss of function of BRCA1 or RAD51C, due to promoter methylation or mutation of non-BRCA HR genes may also confer sensitivity to PARPi. This investigator-initiated, proof-of-concept trial evaluated olaparib in platinum(Pt)-sensitive, relapsed HGSOC and metastatic TNBC, with HRD due to mechanisms other than gBRCAm. EMBRACE is the first trial evaluating PARPi in loss of function of BRCA

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Abida, Wassim, Elkhan Sanay, Natalia Lukashchuk, et al. "PLANETTE: A modular phase IIa multicenter open-label study evaluating the ATR inhibitor ceralasertib (AZD6738) in ATM mutant advanced solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 6_suppl (2021): TPS189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.tps189.

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TPS189 Background: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) are kinases that orchestrate cellular responses to DNA damage. ATM is primarily activated by DNA double strand breaks, and ATR is recruited to regions of single stranded DNA that arise due to collapsed or stalled replication forks. Although ATM and ATR are activated by distinct pathways, their downstream targets and effects partially overlap to activate cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair. Ceralasertib is a potent, oral, selective inhibitor of ATR. Pre-clinical studies have consiste

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Zhang, Ziyin, Ning Lu, Minghui Liao, et al. "Self-Distillation Regularized Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss for Text Recognition: A Simple Yet Effective Approach." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 7 (2024): 7441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i7.28575.

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Text recognition methods are gaining rapid development. Some advanced techniques, e.g., powerful modules, language models, and un- and semi-supervised learning schemes, consecutively push the performance on public benchmarks forward. However, the problem of how to better optimize a text recognition model from the perspective of loss functions is largely overlooked. CTC-based methods, widely used in practice due to their good balance between performance and inference speed, still grapple with accuracy degradation. This is because CTC loss emphasizes the optimization of the entire sequence targe

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Li, Juan, and Lijin Zeng. "The Clinical Study of Combination of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 5217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.5217.5217.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: To study retrospectively the response and side effects in two groups of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) receiving bortezomib and dexamethasone regimen (VD) and vincristine combined with pirarubicin and dexamethasone and melphalan regimen (VADM). METHODS: Nineteen patients were enrolled in a group of VD, receiving bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 on days 1,4,8,11 and dexamethasone 20mg on days 1–4 in a 21-day cycle. Blade Standard was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and NCI-CTC was used to assess the adverse effect. Thirty-one matched patients with newly diagn

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Erhad David Bilaro, Mbwana Mohamed Jongo, Jackson Alois Mgaliwa, and Alhaji Issa Maya. "Clinical and demographic characteristics of clients attending a care and treatment clinic in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 15, no. 3 (2025): 1690–96. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.15.3.1862.

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Introduction: HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa, where it disproportionately affects adults in their productive years. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly improved the lives of people living with HIV (PLWH), long-term ART use and disease progression can lead to various clinical manifestations and a significant symptom burden. Understanding symptom burden and key laboratory parameters is crucial for effective patient management and improved quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and selected laboratory features of HIV-posi

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Fong, P. C., J. Spicer, S. Reade, et al. "Phase I pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluation of a small molecule inhibitor of Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP), KU-0059436 (Ku) in patients (p) with advanced tumours." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3022.

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3022 Background: PARP is a DNA strand break and base damage repair enzyme. Ku inhibits PARP-1 and 2 with a mean IC50 of 2nM. Inhibition of PARP leads to defective DNA repair and induces selective cytotoxicity in cells with defective homologous recombination repair through, for example, loss of BRCA 1/2 function (Farmer et al, Nature 2005 Apr 14;434(7035):917–21). This is a first in man Phase I trial of Ku. PD studies included functional evaluation of PARP-1 activity in surrogate and tumor tissue. Methods: Ku was administered once a day for 14 of every 21 days to p with advanced solid tumors re

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Chen, Junqing. "Abstract P6-14-15: PD-L1 expression regulated by JAK/STAT signaling pathway contributes to cell migration and invasion in breast cancer." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (2023): P6–14–15—P6–14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p6-14-15.

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Abstract Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) implicated in tumor immune evasion and predictive biomarker in immunotherapy is widely recognized, however, the role of PD-L1 in modulating tumor invasion remains largely unexplored. PD-L1 expression on tumor tissue is usually limited by the invasiveness, tumor heterogeneity as well as insufficient tumor tissue samples, while PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) might overcome the limitation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of PD-L1 in regulating the migration and invasion of breast cancer

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Palmer, R. E., E. Hogan, and D. Koshland. "Mitotic transmission of artificial chromosomes in cdc mutants of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 125, no. 4 (1990): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/125.4.763.

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Abstract In the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cell division cycle (CDC) genes have been identified whose products are required for the execution of different steps in the cell cycle. In this study, the fidelity of transmission of a 14-kb circular minichromosome and a 155-kb linear chromosome fragment was examined in cell divisions where specific CDC products were temporarily inactivated with either inhibitors, or temperature sensitive mutations in the appropriate CDC gene. All of the cdc mutants previously shown to induce loss of endogenous linear chromosomes also induced loss of a circular

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Durán, Mónica, Carla Burballa, Gerard Cantero-Recasens, et al. "Novel Dent disease 1 cellular models reveal biological processes underlying ClC-5 loss-of-function." Human Molecular Genetics 30, no. 15 (2021): 1413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab131.

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Abstract Dent disease 1 (DD1) is a rare X-linked renal proximal tubulopathy characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria and variable degree of hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and/or nephrolithiasis, progressing to chronic kidney disease. Although mutations in the electrogenic Cl−/H+ antiporter ClC-5, which impair endocytic uptake in proximal tubule cells, cause the disease, there is poor genotype–phenotype correlation and their contribution to proximal tubule dysfunction remains unclear. To further discover the mechanisms linking ClC-5 loss-of-function to proximal tubule dysfunction, we

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Takemon, Yuka, Véronique G. LeBlanc, Jungeun Song, et al. "Multi-Omic Analysis of CIC’s Functional Networks Reveals Novel Interaction Partners and a Potential Role in Mitotic Fidelity." Cancers 15, no. 10 (2023): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15102805.

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CIC encodes a transcriptional repressor and MAPK signalling effector that is inactivated by loss-of-function mutations in several cancer types, consistent with a role as a tumour suppressor. Here, we used bioinformatic, genomic, and proteomic approaches to investigate CIC’s interaction networks. We observed both previously identified and novel candidate interactions between CIC and SWI/SNF complex members, as well as novel interactions between CIC and cell cycle regulators and RNA processing factors. We found that CIC loss is associated with an increased frequency of mitotic defects in human c

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Uchida, Shinichi. "In vivo role of CLC chloride channels in the kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 279, no. 5 (2000): F802—F808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2000.279.5.f802.

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Chloride channels in the kidney are involved in important physiological functions such as cell volume regulation, acidification of intracellular vesicles, and transepithelial chloride transport. Among eight mammalian CLC chloride channels expressed in the kidney, three (CLC-K1, CLC-K2, and CLC-5) were identified to be related to kidney diseases in humans or mice. CLC-K1 mediates a transepithelial chloride transport in the thin ascending limb of Henle's loop and is essential for urinary concentrating mechanisms. CLC-K2 is a basolateral chloride channel in distal nephron segments and is necessar

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Gwak, Hogyeong, Junmoo Kim, Leila Kashefi-Kheyrabadi, Bongseop Kwak, Kyung-A. Hyun, and Hyo-Il Jung. "Progress in Circulating Tumor Cell Research Using Microfluidic Devices." Micromachines 9, no. 7 (2018): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9070353.

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Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a popular topic in cancer research because they can be obtained by liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive procedure with more sample accessibility than tissue biopsy, to monitor a patient’s condition. Over the past decades, CTC research has covered a wide variety of topics such as enumeration, profiling, and correlation between CTC number and patient overall survival. It is important to isolate and enrich CTCs before performing CTC analysis because CTCs in the blood stream are very rare (0–10 CTCs/mL of blood). Among the various approaches to separating CTCs, he

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Stauber, Tobias, Stefanie Weinert, and Thomas J. Jentsch. "Cell Biology and Physiology of CLC Chloride Channels and Transporters." Comprehensive Physiology 2, no. 3 (2012): 1701–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2012.tb00448.x.

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AbstractProteins of the CLC gene family assemble to homo‐ or sometimes heterodimers and either function as Cl– channels or as Cl–/H+‐exchangers. CLC proteins are present in all phyla. Detailed structural information is available from crystal structures of bacterial and algal CLCs. Mammals express nine CLC genes, four of which encode Cl– channels and five 2Cl–/H+‐exchangers. Two accessory β‐subunits are known: (1) barttin and (2) Ostm1. ClC‐Ka and ClC‐Kb Cl– channels need barttin, whereas Ostm1 is required for the function of the lysosomal ClC‐7 2Cl–/H+‐exchanger. ClC‐1, ‐2, ‐Ka and ‐Kb Cl– cha

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F. Yassen, Mansour. "Multilevel Modelling for Surgical Tool Calibration Using LINEX Loss Function." Computers, Materials & Continua 73, no. 1 (2022): 1691–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.029701.

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De Luca, Giovanni, Giampiero M. Gallo, and Danilo Carità. "Evaluating Combined Forecasts for Realized Volatility Using Asymmetric Loss Functions." Econometric Research in Finance 2, no. 2 (2018): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/erfin.2017.2.2.3.

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In this work we provide the findings of a forecast combination analysis carried out on the realized volatility series of three market indexes (DAX, CAC, and AEX). Two volatility types (5 minutes, kernel) have been considered. Different loss functions suggest that forecasts computed through combining models are generally more accurate than those provided by single models. However, the choice of the latter can significantly affect the goodness of the results.

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Bourque, Jessica, Courtney Iberg, Ian Fallahee та Daniel Hawiger. "TNF-α orchestrates the specific loss of tolerogenic dendritic cells during an acute maturation process in vivo". Journal of Immunology 208, № 1_Supplement (2022): 54.02. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.54.02.

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Abstract The recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through the corresponding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces activation of individual conventional dendritic cells (cDC) in a process often referred to as maturation that results in a change from tolerogenic to immunogenic functions. In the absence of pro-inflammatory conditions (steady state), tolerogenic cDC that are present in systemic peripheral lymphoid organs promote tolerance that limits subsequent immune responses. However, the fate of such tolerogenic cDC in the presence of specific pro-inflammatory s

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VENTURA, DORA F., MARCELO T. V. COSTA, MARCELO F. COSTA, et al. "Multifocal and full-field electroretinogram changes associated with color-vision loss in mercury vapor exposure." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (2004): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804213372.

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We evaluated the color vision of mercury-contaminated patients and investigated possible retinal origins of losses using electroretinography. Participants were retired workers from a fluorescent lamp industry diagnosed with mercury contamination (n= 43) and age-matched controls (n= 21). Color discrimination was assessed with the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT). Retinal function was evaluated by using the ISCEV protocol for full-field electroretinography (full-field ERG), as well as by means of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Color-vision losses assessed by the CCT consisted of higher color

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Mendel, Lisa Lucks, William D. Mustain, and Jessica Magro. "Normative Data for the Maryland CNC Test." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 25, no. 08 (2014): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.25.8.7.

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Background: The Maryland consonant-vowel nucleus-consonant (CNC) Test is routinely used in Veterans Administration medical centers, yet there is a paucity of published normative data for this test. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide information on the means and distribution of word-recognition scores on the Maryland CNC Test as a function of degree of hearing loss for a veteran population. Research Design: A retrospective, descriptive design was conducted. Study Sample: The sample consisted of records from veterans who had Compensation and Pension (C&P) examinations at a Vet

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Yesi, Novaria Kunang, Nurmaini Siti, Stiawan Deris, and Yudho Suprapto Bhakti. "Deep learning with focal loss approach for attacks classification." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control) 19, no. 4 (2021): 1407–18. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i4.18772.

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The rapid development of deep learning improves the detection and classification of attacks on intrusion detection systems. However, the unbalanced data issue increases the complexity of the architecture model. This study proposes a novel deep learning model to overcome the problem of classifying multi-class attacks. The deep learning model consists of two stages. The pre-tuning stage uses automatic feature extraction with a deep autoencoder. The second stage is fine-tuning using deep neural network classifiers with fully connected layers. To reduce imbalanced class data, the feature extractio

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Bose, Shroddha, Cecilia de Heus, Mary E. Kennedy, et al. "Impaired Autophagic Clearance with a Gain-of-Function Variant of the Lysosomal Cl−/H+ Exchanger ClC-7." Biomolecules 13, no. 12 (2023): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13121799.

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ClC-7 is a ubiquitously expressed voltage-gated Cl−/H+ exchanger that critically contributes to lysosomal ion homeostasis. Together with its β-subunit Ostm1, ClC-7 localizes to lysosomes and to the ruffled border of osteoclasts, where it supports the acidification of the resorption lacuna. Loss of ClC-7 or Ostm1 leads to osteopetrosis accompanied by accumulation of storage material in lysosomes and neurodegeneration. Interestingly, not all osteopetrosis-causing CLCN7 mutations from patients are associated with a loss of ion transport. Some rather result in an acceleration of voltage-dependent

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