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Journal articles on the topic 'CTIPe model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Vaishnav, Rajesh, Erik Schmölter, Christoph Jacobi, Jens Berdermann, and Mihail Codrescu. "Ionospheric response to solar extreme ultraviolet radiation variations: comparison based on CTIPe model simulations and satellite measurements." Annales Geophysicae 39, no. 2 (2021): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-341-2021.

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Abstract. The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS) and the TEC simulated by the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) model have been used to investigate the delayed ionospheric response against solar flux and its trend during the years 2011 to 2013. The analysis of the distinct low-latitude and midlatitude TEC response over 15∘ E shows a better correlation of observed TEC and the solar radio flux index F10.7 in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, a significant hemispheric asymmet

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2

Bruinsma, Sean, Claude Boniface, Eric K. Sutton, and Mariangel Fedrizzi. "Thermosphere modeling capabilities assessment: geomagnetic storms." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 11 (2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2021002.

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The specification and prediction of density fluctuations in the thermosphere, especially during geomagnetic storms, is a key challenge for space weather observations and modeling. It is of great operational importance for tracking objects orbiting in near-Earth space. For low-Earth orbit, variations in neutral density represent the most important uncertainty for propagation and prediction of satellite orbits. An international conference in 2018 conducted under the auspices of the NASA Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) included a workshop on neutral density modeling, using both empir

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3

Codrescu, Mihail V., Cătălin Negrea, Mariangel Fedrizzi, et al. "A real-time run of the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) model." Space Weather 10, no. 2 (2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011sw000736.

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Vaishnav, Rajesh, Christoph Jacobi, Jens Berdermann, Mihail Codrescu, and Erik Schmölter. "Role of eddy diffusion in the delayed ionospheric response to solar flux changes." Annales Geophysicae 39, no. 4 (2021): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-641-2021.

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Abstract. Simulations of the ionospheric response to solar flux changes driven by the 27 d solar rotation have been performed using the global 3-D Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere electrodynamics (CTIPe) physics-based numerical model. Using the F10.7 index as a proxy for solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) variations in the model, the ionospheric delay at the solar rotation period is well reproduced and amounts to about 1 d, which is consistent with satellite and in situ measurements. From mechanistic CTIPe studies with reduced and increased eddy diffusion, we conclude that the eddy di

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Codrescu, M. V., T. J. Fuller-Rowell, Vlad Munteanu, C. F. Minter, and G. H. Millward. "Validation of the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics model: CTIPE-Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter temperature comparison." Space Weather 6, no. 9 (2008): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007sw000364.

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6

Vaishnav, Rajesh, Christoph Jacobi, Jens Berdermann, Erik Schmölter, and Mihail Codrescu. "Ionospheric response to solar EUV variations: Preliminary results." Advances in Radio Science 16 (September 4, 2018): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-157-2018.

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Abstract. We investigate the ionospheric response to solar Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) variations using different proxies, based on solar EUV spectra observed from the Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Experiment (SEE) onboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite, the F10.7 index (solar irradiance at 10.7 cm), and the Bremen composite Mg-II index during January 2003 to December 2016. The daily mean solar proxies are compared with global mean Total Electron Content (GTEC) values calculated from global IGS TEC maps. The preliminary analysis shows a significant c

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Fong, Weichun, Xinzhao Chu, Xian Lu, et al. "Lidar and CTIPe model studies of the fast amplitude growth with altitude of the diurnal temperature “tides” in the Antarctic winter lower thermosphere and dependence on geomagnetic activity." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 3 (2015): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062784.

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8

Rishbeth, H., R. A. Heelis, and I. C. F. Müller-Wodarg. "Variations of thermospheric composition according to AE-C data and CTIP modelling." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 2 (2004): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-441-2004.

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Abstract. Data from the Atmospheric Explorer C satellite, taken at middle and low latitudes in 1975-1978, are used to study latitudinal and month-by-month variations of thermospheric composition. The parameter used is the "compositional Ρ-parameter", related to the neutral atomic oxygen/molecular nitrogen concentration ratio. The midlatitude data show strong winter maxima of the atomic/molecular ratio, which account for the "seasonal anomaly" of the ionospheric F2-layer. When the AE-C data are compared with the empirical MSIS model and the computational CTIP ionosphere-thermosphere model, broa

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9

Morton, C. R., N. J. Rzechorzek, J. D. Maman, et al. "Structural basis for the coiled-coil architecture of human CtIP." Open Biology 11, no. 6 (2021): 210060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210060.

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The DNA repair factor CtIP has a critical function in double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination, promoting the assembly of the repair apparatus at DNA ends and participating in DNA-end resection. However, the molecular mechanisms of CtIP function in DSB repair remain unclear. Here, we present an atomic model for the three-dimensional architecture of human CtIP, derived from a multi-disciplinary approach that includes X-ray crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT). Our data show that CtIP adopts an extended dimer-of-dimers struc

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10

Polato, Federica, Elsa Callen, Nancy Wong, et al. "CtIP-mediated resection is essential for viability and can operate independently of BRCA1." Journal of Experimental Medicine 211, no. 6 (2014): 1027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20131939.

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Homologous recombination (HR) is initiated by DNA end resection, a process in which stretches of single-strand DNA (ssDNA) are generated and used for homology search. Factors implicated in resection include nucleases MRE11, EXO1, and DNA2, which process DNA ends into 3′ ssDNA overhangs; helicases such as BLM, which unwind DNA; and other proteins such as BRCA1 and CtIP whose functions remain unclear. CDK-mediated phosphorylation of CtIP on T847 is required to promote resection, whereas CDK-dependent phosphorylation of CtIP-S327 is required for interaction with BRCA1. Here, we provide evidence t

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11

Pryse, S. E., K. L. Dewis, R. L. Balthazor, H. R. Middleton, and M. H. Denton. "The dayside high-latitude trough under quiet geomagnetic conditions: Radio tomography and the CTIP model." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 4 (2005): 1199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-1199-2005.

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Abstract. The dayside high-latitude trough is a persistent feature of the post-noon wintertime auroral ionosphere. Radio tomography observations have been used to map its location and latitudinal structure under quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp≤2) near winter solstice. The trough is also a clear feature in the ion density distribution of the Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Plasmasphere model (CTIP) under similar geophysical conditions. Comparisons of the measured and modelled distributions show that the plasma production equatorward of the trough is mainly controlled by solar radiation, but th

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12

Wilford, Christopher R., R. J. Moffett, Julia M. Rees, and Roderick A. Heelis. "A modified CTIP model and comparisons with DMSP satellite data." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 361, no. 1802 (2002): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2002.1116.

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13

Jiang, Yuning, Jason C. Yam, Clement C. Tham, Chi Pui Pang, and Wai Kit Chu. "RB Regulates DNA Double Strand Break Repair Pathway Choice by Mediating CtIP Dependent End Resection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (2020): 9176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239176.

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Inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB1) leads to genome instability, and can be detected in retinoblastoma and other cancers. One damaging effect is causing DNA double strand breaks (DSB), which, however, can be repaired by homologous recombination (HR), classical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ), and micro-homology mediated end joining (MMEJ). We aimed to study the mechanistic roles of RB in regulating multiple DSB repair pathways. Here we show that HR and C-NHEJ are decreased, but MMEJ is elevated in RB-depleted cells. After inducing DSB by camptothecin, RB co-local

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14

Moffett, R. J., G. H. Millward, S. Quegan, A. D. Aylward, and T. J. Fuller-Rowell. "Results from a coupled model of the thermosphere, ionosphere and plasmasphere (CTIPM)." Advances in Space Research 18, no. 3 (1996): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00833-z.

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15

Zou, L., H. Rishbeth, I. C. F. Müller-Wodarg, et al. "Annual and semiannual variations in the ionospheric F2-layer. I. Modelling." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 8 (2000): 927–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0927-8.

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Abstract. Annual, seasonal and semiannual variations of F2-layer electron density (NmF2) and height (hmF2) have been compared with the coupled thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere computational model (CTIP), for geomagnetically quiet conditions. Compared with results from ionosonde data from midlatitudes, CTIP reproduces quite well many observed features of NmF2, such as the dominant winter maxima at high midlatitudes in longitude sectors near the magnetic poles, the equinox maxima in sectors remote from the magnetic poles and at lower latitudes generally, and the form of the month-to-month va

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16

Fedorova, I., M. Prokof'ev, and N. Shteinberg. "Russian and foreign pra ctice of financing models of health servi ces." MIR [World] (Modernization Innovation Research) 6, no. 4-2 (2015): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2015.6.4.386.390.

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17

Ahmed, Ishrat, Juan I. Sbodio, Maged M. Harraz, et al. "Huntington’s disease: Neural dysfunction linked to inositol polyphosphate multikinase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 31 (2015): 9751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511810112.

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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by a glutamine repeat expansion in mutant huntingtin (mHtt). Despite the known genetic cause of HD, the pathophysiology of this disease remains to be elucidated. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) is an enzyme that displays soluble inositol phosphate kinase activity, lipid kinase activity, and various noncatalytic interactions. We report a severe loss of IPMK in the striatum of HD patients and in several cellular and animal models of the disease. This depletion reflects mHtt-induced impairment of COUP-TF-interac

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18

Idenden, D. W., R. J. Moffett, S. Quegan, and T. J. Fuller-Rowell. "Time-dependent convection at high latitudes." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 11 (1996): 1159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-1159-3.

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Abstract. A fully time-dependent ionospheric convection model, in which electric potentials are derived by an analytic solution of Laplace's equation, is described. This model has been developed to replace the empirically derived average convection patterns currently used routinely in the Sheffield/SEL/UCL coupled thermosphere/ionosphere/plasmasphere model (CTIP) for modelling disturbed periods. Illustrative studies of such periods indicate that, for the electric field pulsation periods imposed, long-term averages of parameters such as Joule heating and plasma density have significantly differ

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19

Anderson, C., M. Conde, P. Dyson, T. Davies, and M. J. Kosch. "Thermospheric winds and temperatures above Mawson, Antarctica, observed with an all-sky imaging, Fabry-Perot spectrometer." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 5 (2009): 2225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2225-2009.

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Abstract. A new all-sky imaging Fabry-Perot spectrometer has been installed at Mawson station (67°36' S, 62°52' E), Antarctica. This instrument is capable of recording independent spectra from many tens of locations across the sky simultaneously. Useful operation began in March 2007, with spectra recorded on a total of 186 nights. Initial analysis has focused on the large-scale daily and average behavior of winds and temperatures derived from observations of the 630.0 nm airglow line of atomic oxygen, originating from a broad layer centered around 240 km altitude, in the ionospheric F-region.

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20

Duan, Shuyin, Huijie Yuan, Songcheng Yu, et al. "Epigenetic-Based Biomarkers in the Malignant Transformation of BEAS-2B Cells Induced by Coal Tar Pitch Extract." Medicina 57, no. 1 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010024.

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Background and objectives: The carcinogenicity of coal tar pitch (CTP) to occupational workers has been confirmed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, especially for lung cancer. Herein, we explored the dynamic changes of epigenetic modifications in the malignant transformation process of CTP-induced BEAS-2B cells and also provided clues for screening early biomarkers of CTP-associated occupational lung cancer. Methods: BEAS-2B cells treated with 3.0 μg/mL CTP extract (CTPE) were cultured to the 30th passage to set up a malignant transformation model, which was confirmed by plat

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21

Pryse, S. E., E. L. Whittick, A. D. Aylward, et al. "Modelling the tongue-of-ionisation using CTIP with SuperDARN electric potential input: verification by radiotomography." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 3 (2009): 1139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1139-2009.

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Abstract. Electric potential patterns obtained by the SuperDARN radar network are used as input to the Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Plasmasphere model, in an attempt to improve the modelling of the spatial distribution of the ionospheric plasma at high latitudes. Two case studies are considered, one under conditions of stable IMF Bz negative and the other under stable IMF Bz positive. The modelled plasma distributions are compared with sets of well-established tomographic reconstructions, which have been interpreted previously in multi-instrument studies. For IMF Bz negative both the model

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Deshpande, Rajashree A., Logan R. Myler, Michael M. Soniat, et al. "DNA-dependent protein kinase promotes DNA end processing by MRN and CtIP." Science Advances 6, no. 2 (2020): eaay0922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay0922.

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The repair of DNA double-strand breaks occurs through nonhomologous end joining or homologous recombination in vertebrate cells—a choice that is thought to be decided by a competition between DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex but is not well understood. Using ensemble biochemistry and single-molecule approaches, here, we show that the MRN complex is dependent on DNA-PK and phosphorylated CtIP to perform efficient processing and resection of DNA ends in physiological conditions, thus eliminating the competition model. Endonucleolytic removal of DNA-PK–

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Ren, Jianping, Yan Wu, Ya Wang, et al. "CtIP suppresses primary microRNA maturation and promotes metastasis of colon cancer cells in a xenograft mouse model." Journal of Biological Chemistry 296 (January 2021): 100707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100707.

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Whittick, E. L., S. E. Pryse, H. R. Middleton, A. R. Lotinga, and A. D. Aylward. "The CTIP Model with SuperDARN Electric Potential Patterns as Input: First Comparison of Modelled Ion Densities with Radio Tomography Observations." Earth, Moon, and Planets 104, no. 1-4 (2008): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11038-008-9264-9.

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Faedo, Andrea, Angela Laporta, Alice Segnali, et al. "Differentiation of human telencephalic progenitor cells into MSNs by inducible expression of Gsx2 and Ebf1." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 7 (2017): E1234—E1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611473114.

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Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are a key population in the basal ganglia network, and their degeneration causes a severe neurodegenerative disorder, Huntington's disease. Understanding how ventral neuroepithelial progenitors differentiate into MSNs is critical for regenerative medicine to develop specific differentiation protocols using human pluripotent stem cells. Studies performed in murine models have identified some transcriptional determinants, including GS Homeobox 2 (Gsx2) and Early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1). Here, we have generated human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines inducible for these t

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Rishbeth, H., and I. C. F. Müller-Wodarg. "Why is there more ionosphere in January than in July? The annual asymmetry in the F2-layer." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 12 (2006): 3293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-3293-2006.

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Abstract. Adding together the northern and southern hemisphere values for pairs of stations, the combined peak electron density NmF2 is greater in December-January than in June–July. The same applies to the total height-integrated electron content. This "F2-layer annual asymmetry" between northern and southern solstices is typically 30%, and thus greatly exceeds the 7% asymmetry in ion production due to the annual variation of Sun-Earth distance. Though it was noticed in ionospheric data almost seventy years ago, the asymmetry is still unexplained. Using ionosonde data and also values derived

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Rishbeth, H., K. J. F. Sedgemore-Schulthess, and T. Ulich. "Semiannual and annual variations in the height of the ionospheric F2-peak." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 3 (2000): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0285-6.

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Abstract. Ionosonde data from sixteen stations are used to study the semiannual and annual variations in the height of the ionospheric F2-peak, hmF2. The semiannual variation, which peaks shortly after equinox, has an amplitude of about 8 km at an average level of solar activity (10.7 cm flux = 140 units), both at noon and midnight. The annual variation has an amplitude of about 11 km at northern midlatitudes, peaking in early summer; and is larger at southern stations, where it peaks in late summer. Both annual and semiannual amplitudes increase with increasing solar activity by day, but not

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Dubuissez, Marion, Ingrid Loison, Sonia Paget, et al. "Protein Kinase C-Mediated Phosphorylation of BCL11B at Serine 2 Negatively Regulates Its Interaction with NuRD Complexes during CD4+T-Cell Activation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 36, no. 13 (2016): 1881–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00062-16.

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The transcription factor BCL11B/CTIP2 is a major regulatory protein implicated in various aspects of development, function and survival of T cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated phosphorylation and SUMOylation modulate BCL11B transcriptional activity, switching it from a repressor in naive murine thymocytes to a transcriptional activator in activated thymocytes. Here, we show that BCL11B interacts via its conserved N-terminal MSRRKQ motif with endogenous MTA1 and MTA3 proteins to recruit various NuRD complexes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated

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Bailey, G. J., Y. Z. Su, and K. I. Oyama. "Yearly variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 7 (2000): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0789-0.

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Abstract. Observations made by the Hinotori satellite have been analysed to determine the yearly variations of the electron density and electron temperature in the low-latitude topside ionosphere. The observations reveal the existence of an equinoctial asymmetry in the topside electron density at low latitudes, i.e. the density is higher at one equinox than at the other. The asymmetry is hemisphere-dependent with the higher electron density occurring at the March equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and at the September equinox in the Southern Hemisphere. The asymmetry becomes stronger with incr

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Rishbeth, H., and I. C. F. Müller-Wodarg. "Vertical circulation and thermospheric composition: a modelling study." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 6 (1999): 794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0794-x.

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Abstract. The coupled thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere model CTIP is used to study the global three-dimensional circulation and its effect on neutral composition in the midlatitude F-layer. At equinox, the vertical air motion is basically up by day, down by night, and the atomic oxygen/molecular nitrogen [O/N2] concentration ratio is symmetrical about the equator. At solstice there is a summer-to-winter flow of air, with downwelling at subauroral latitudes in winter that produces regions of large [O/N2] ratio. Because the thermospheric circulation is influenced by the high-latitude energy

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Wells, G. D., A. S. Rodger, R. J. Moffett, G. J. Bailey, and T. J. Fuller-Rowell. "The effects of nitric oxide cooling and the photodissociation of molecular oxygen on the thermosphere/ionosphere system over the Argentine Islands." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 3 (1997): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0355-0.

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Abstract. In the past the global, fully coupled, time-dependent mathematical model of the Earth's thermosphere/ionosphere/plasmasphere (CTIP) has been unable to reproduce accurately observed values of the maximum plasma frequency, foF2, at extreme geophysical locations such as the Argentine Islands during the summer solstice where the ionosphere remains in sunlight throughout the day. This is probably because the seasonal dependence of thermospheric cooling by 5.3 µm nitric oxide has been neglected and the photodissociation of O2 and heating rate calculations have been over-simplified. Now we

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Vilar Sanchez, E., A. Chow, L. Raskin, M. D. Iniesta, B. Mukherjee, and S. B. Gruber. "Preclinical testing of the PARP inhibitor ABT-888 in microsatellite instable colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 11028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.11028.

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11028 Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) represents approximately 15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. MSI due to hypermethylation or mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes leads to genetic instability and a mutator phenotype. Genetic instability is particularly high at repetitive sequences such as those located in MRE11, RAD50, CtIP and MBC. Each of these genes are implicated in the double strand break (DSB) repair pathway. PARP inhibitors induce single strand breaks that remain unrepaired and then will be converted to DSB during DNA replication. Our objective was to assess the prec

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Yu, Lulu, Vladimir Majerciak, Xiang-Yang Xue, et al. "Mouse papillomavirus type 1 (MmuPV1) DNA is frequently integrated in benign tumors by microhomology-mediated end-joining." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 8 (2021): e1009812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009812.

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MmuPV1 is a useful model for studying papillomavirus-induced tumorigenesis. We used RNA-seq to look for chimeric RNAs that map to both MmuPV1 and host genomes. In tumor tissues, a higher proportion of total viral reads were virus-host chimeric junction reads (CJRs) (1.9‰ - 7‰) than in tumor-free tissues (0.6‰ - 1.3‰): most CJRs mapped to the viral E2/E4 region. Although most of the MmuPV1 integration sites were mapped to intergenic regions and introns throughout the mouse genome, integrations were seen more than once in several genes: Malat1, Krt1, Krt10, Fabp5, Pard3, and Grip1; these data we

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Liedtke, Victoria, Christian Schröder, Dirk Roggenbuck, et al. "LEDGF/p75 Is Required for an Efficient DNA Damage Response." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 5866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115866.

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Lens epithelium-derived growth factor splice variant of 75 kDa (LEDGF/p75) plays an important role in cancer, but its DNA-damage repair (DDR)-related implications are still not completely understood. Different LEDGF model cell lines were generated: a complete knock-out of LEDGF (KO) and re-expression of LEDGF/p75 or LEDGF/p52 using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Their proliferation and migration capacity as well as their chemosensitivity were determined, which was followed by investigation of the DDR signaling pathways by Western blot and immunofluorescence. LEDGF-deficient cells exhibited a decrease

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Parish, H. F., and L. R. Lyons. "Sensitivity studies of the E region neutral response to the postmidnight diffuse aurora." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 6 (2006): 1551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1551-2006.

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Abstract. Measurements of the neutral thermosphere within the postmidnight substorm recovery phase diffuse aurora show very large horizontal winds, and strong vertical structure. Rocket, satellite, and ground based observations during the ARIA (Atmospheric Response in Aurora) campaigns, and earlier dawn side rocket observations, indicate neutral winds of up to 200 m/s, and a characteristic jet-like wind maximum around 110 to 120-km altitude, with strong shears above and below. The observed wind magnitudes are found to have a dependence on geomagnetic activity level, but recent modeling studies

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Girard, Chloe, Baptiste Roelens, Karl A. Zawadzki, and Anne M. Villeneuve. "Interdependent and separable functions of Caenorhabditis elegans MRN-C complex members couple formation and repair of meiotic DSBs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 19 (2018): E4443—E4452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719029115.

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Faithful inheritance of genetic information through sexual reproduction relies on the formation of crossovers between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which, in turn, relies on the formation and repair of numerous double-strand breaks (DSBs). As DSBs pose a potential threat to the genome, mechanisms that ensure timely and error-free DSB repair are crucial for successful meiosis. Here, we identify NBS-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the NBS1 (mutated in Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome) subunit of the conserved MRE11-RAD50-NBS1/Xrs2 (MRN) complex, as a key mediator of DSB repair via h

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Rishbeth, H., I. C. F. Müller-Wodarg, L. Zou, et al. "Annual and semiannual variations in the ionospheric F2-layer: II. Physical discussion." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 8 (2000): 945–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0945-6.

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Abstract. The companion paper by Zou et al. shows that the annual and semiannual variations in the peak F2-layer electron density (NmF2) at midlatitudes can be reproduced by a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere computational model (CTIP), without recourse to external influences such as the solar wind, or waves and tides originating in the lower atmosphere. The present work discusses the physics in greater detail. It shows that noon NmF2 is closely related to the ambient atomic/molecular concentration ratio, and suggests that the variations of NmF2 with geographic and magnetic longitude are largel

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Zhang, Pu, Lindsey Brinton, James S. Blachly, John C. Byrd, and Rosa Lapalombella. "Identification of Novel Synthetic Lethal Partners of NAMPT Inhibitor By CRISPR-Cas9 Screens in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129036.

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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic neoplasm arising from the clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors resulting in bone marrow failure. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a rate‐limiting enzyme which regulates the generation of the metabolic enzyme substrate NAD+. NAD+ is key in several survival pathways in AML such as DNA repair and metabolic pathways. AML subtypes differ vastly in their inherent DNA repair and metabolic capacities. Since NAMPT is essential in single and double strand DNA repair, NAMPT inhibitors (NAMPTis) were used to block DNA repair as single age

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Lejosne, Solène, Mariangel Fedrizzi, Naomi Maruyama, and Richard S. Selesnick. "Thermospheric Neutral Winds as the Cause of Drift Shell Distortion in Earth’s Inner Radiation Belt." Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 8 (September 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2021.725800.

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Recent analysis of energetic electron measurements from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer instruments onboard the Van Allen Probes showed a local time variation of the equatorial electron intensity in the Earth’s inner radiation belt. The local time asymmetry was interpreted as evidence of drift shell distortion by a large-scale electric field. It was also demonstrated that the inclusion of a simple dawn-to-dusk electric field model improved the agreement between observations and theoretical expectations. Yet, exactly what drives this electric field was left unexplained. We combine in-sit

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Forouzanfar, F., S. Ali, C. Wallet, et al. "HIV-1 Vpr mediates the depletion of the cellular repressor CTIP2 to counteract viral gene silencing." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48689-x.

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Abstract Mammals have evolved many antiviral factors impacting different steps of the viral life cycle. Associated with chromatin-modifying enzymes, the cellular cofactor CTIP2 contributes to HIV-1 gene silencing in latently infected reservoirs that constitute the major block toward an HIV cure. We report, for the first time, that the virus has developed a strategy to overcome this major transcriptional block. Productive HIV-1 infection results in a Vpr-mediated depletion of CTIP2 in microglial cells and CD4+ T cells, two of the major viral reservoirs. Associated to the Cul4A-DDB1-DCAF1 ubiqui

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Yin, Pai-Ling, and Benjamin Rostoker. "CTIP: diversity in medtech." Case For Women, June 15, 2021, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfw.2020.000004.

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Study level/applicability MBA, advanced undergrad, entrepreneurship and technology commercialization classes. Subject area Entrepreneurial diversity, equity and inclusion, medical device innovation, and models of business accelerators. Case overview The first half of the case explores Kathryne Cooper’s professional and personal journey and the ways her life experiences inform the goals she helps set for The West Coast Consortium for Technology & Innovation in Pediatrics (CTIP). As an African-American woman codirector of a medical device accelerator focused on the pediatric market, Cooper w

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Etxeberria-Rekalde, Estibaliz, Saioa Alzola-Aldamizetxebarria, Stefanie Flunkert, et al. "Quantification of Huntington’s Disease Related Markers in the R6/2 Mouse Model." Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 13 (January 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2020.617229.

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Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of CAG triplets in the huntingtin gene, leading to severe neuropathological changes that result in a devasting and lethal phenotype. Neurodegeneration in HD begins in the striatum and spreads to other brain regions such as cortex and hippocampus, causing motor and cognitive dysfunctions. To understand the signaling pathways involved in HD, animal models that mimic the human pathology are used. The R6/2 mouse as model of HD was already shown to present major neuropathological changes in the caudate putamen and other brain regions, but recently

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Barasch, Eddy, John S. Gottdiener, Gerard Aurigemma, DW Kitzman, Jing Han, and Russel Tracy. "Abstract 2799: Procollagen Type III Amino-terminal and Carboxyl-terminal Telopeptide of Collagen type I but not Carboxyl-terminal Propeptide Type I are Associated with Heart Failure in the Elderly; The Cardiovascular Health Study." Circulation 116, suppl_16 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_622-a.

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Background: The presence of excess myocardial matrix fibrosis (MF) contributes to alteration in the left ventricular (LV) diastolic and eventually, systolic performance. The increased collagen-derived serum peptides associated with collagen synthesis (procollagen type III aminoterminal peptide-PIIINP-, carboxyl-terminal propeptide type I -PIP-) and degradation (carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I -CTIP-) have been shown in a number of small studies to correlate with histologic assessment of MF. While the prevalence of heart failure (HF), especially diastolic (D)HF increases with a

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Kim, Kyungmin, Thomas W. Kirby, Lalith Perera, and Robert E. London. "Phosphopeptide interactions of the Nbs1 N-terminal FHA-BRCT1/2 domains." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88400-7.

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AbstractHuman Nbs1, a component of the MRN complex involved in DNA double strand break repair, contains a concatenated N-terminal FHA-BRCT1/2 sequence that supports interaction with multiple phosphopeptide binding partners. MDC1 binding localizes Nbs1 to the damage site, while binding of CDK-phosphorylated CtIP activates additional ATM-dependent CtIP phosphorylation, modulating substrate-dependent resection. We have investigated the phosphopeptide binding characteristics of Nbs1 BRCT1/2 based on a molecular modeling approach that revealed structural homology with the tandem TopBP1 BRCT7/8 doma

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Ait-Ammar, Amina, Maxime Bellefroid, Fadoua Daouad, et al. "Inhibition of HIV-1 gene transcription by KAP1 in myeloid lineage." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82164-w.

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AbstractHIV-1 latency generates reservoirs that prevent viral eradication by the current therapies. To find strategies toward an HIV cure, detailed understandings of the molecular mechanisms underlying establishment and persistence of the reservoirs are needed. The cellular transcription factor KAP1 is known as a potent repressor of gene transcription. Here we report that KAP1 represses HIV-1 gene expression in myeloid cells including microglial cells, the major reservoir of the central nervous system. Mechanistically, KAP1 interacts and colocalizes with the viral transactivator Tat to promote

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Wilford, C. R. "Comparison of the He+layer observed over Arecibo during solar maximum and solar minimum with CTIP model results." Journal of Geophysical Research 108, A12 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003ja009940.

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Gomes, Ana Rita, Tiago G. Fernandes, Sandra H. Vaz, et al. "Modeling Rett Syndrome With Human Patient-Specific Forebrain Organoids." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 8 (December 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.610427.

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Engineering brain organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a powerful tool for modeling brain development and neurological disorders. Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, can greatly benefit from this technology, since it affects multiple neuronal subtypes in forebrain sub-regions. We have established dorsal and ventral forebrain organoids from control and RTT patient-specific hiPSCs recapitulating 3D organization and functional network complexity. Our data revealed a premature development of the deep-cortical layer, associated to the formation of TBR

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Panagiotakos, Georgia, Christos Haveles, Arpana Arjun, et al. "Aberrant calcium channel splicing drives defects in cortical differentiation in Timothy syndrome." eLife 8 (December 23, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.51037.

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The syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Timothy syndrome (TS) is caused by a point mutation in the alternatively spliced exon 8A of the calcium channel Cav1.2. Using mouse brain and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we provide evidence that the TS mutation prevents a normal developmental switch in Cav1.2 exon utilization, resulting in persistent expression of gain-of-function mutant channels during neuronal differentiation. In iPSC models, the TS mutation reduces the abundance of SATB2-expressing cortical projection neurons, leading to excess CTIP2+ neurons. We show that expre

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Liu, Yong, Tobias Bergmann, Yuki Mori, et al. "Development of the Entorhinal Cortex Occurs via Parallel Lamination During Neurogenesis." Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 15 (May 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2021.663667.

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The entorhinal cortex (EC) is the spatial processing center of the brain and structurally is an interface between the three layered paleocortex and six layered neocortex, known as the periarchicortex. Limited studies indicate peculiarities in the formation of the EC such as early emergence of cells in layers (L) II and late deposition of LIII, as well as divergence in the timing of maturation of cell types in the superficial layers. In this study, we examine developmental events in the entorhinal cortex using an understudied model in neuroanatomy and development, the pig and supplement the res

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