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Journal articles on the topic "CtpG"

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Yuan, Pengfei, Changshuang Fu, Yi Yang, Aipire Adila, Fangfang Zhou, Xianxian Wei, Weilan Wang, et al. "Cistanche tubulosa Phenylethanoid Glycosides Induce Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Mitochondria-Dependent and MAPK Pathways and Enhance Antitumor Effect through Combination with Cisplatin." Integrative Cancer Therapies 20 (January 2021): 153473542110130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15347354211013085.

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Cistanche tubulosa is a type of Chinese herbal medicine and exerts various biological functions. Previous studies have been demonstrated that Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides (CTPG) exhibit antitumor effects on a variety of tumor cells. However, the antitumor effects of CTPG on HepG2 and BEL-7404 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are still elusive. Our study showed that CTPG significantly inhibited the growth of HepG2 and BEL-7404 cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which was associated with the activation of MAPK pathways characterized by the up-regulated phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 and mitochondria-dependent pathway characterized by the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. The release of cytochrome c and the cleavage of caspase-3, -7, -9, and PARP were subsequently increased by CTPG treatment. Moreover, CTPG significantly suppressed the migration of HepG2 through reducing the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Interestingly, CTPG not only enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes but also reduced the apoptosis of splenocytes induced by cisplatin. In H22 tumor mouse model, CTPG combined with cisplatin further inhibited the growth of H22 cells and reduced the side effects of cisplatin. Taken together, CTPG inhibited the growth of HCC through direct antitumor effect and indirect immunoenhancement effect, and improved the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin.
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Horsfield, Mark A., Simon A. Clark, and Timothy J. Norwood. "Estimation of the Characteristic Length Scales forB0Variation Using the OE-CTPG Pulse Sequence." Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A 122, no. 2 (October 1996): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmra.1996.0198.

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López, Marcela, Laudy-Viviana Quitian, Martha-Nancy Calderón, and Carlos-Y. Soto. "The P-type ATPase CtpG preferentially transports Cd2+ across the Mycobacterium tuberculosis plasma membrane." Archives of Microbiology 200, no. 3 (December 2, 2017): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-017-1465-z.

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Wu, Hong, Junichi Kato, Akio Kuroda, Tsukasa Ikeda, Noboru Takiguchi, and Hisao Ohtake. "Identification and Characterization of Two Chemotactic Transducers for Inorganic Phosphate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 12 (June 15, 2000): 3400–3404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.12.3400-3404.2000.

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ABSTRACT Two chemotactic transducers for inorganic phosphate (Pi), designated CtpH and CtpL, have been identified inPseudomonas aeruginosa. The corresponding genes (ctpH and ctpL) were inactivated by inserting kanamycin and tetracycline resistance gene cassettes into the wild-type genes in the P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome. Computer-assisted capillary assays showed that the ctpH single mutant failed to exhibit Pi taxis when the concentration of Pi in the capillary was higher than 5 mM. Conversely, thectpL single mutant could not respond to Pi at the concentration of 0.01 mM. The ctpH ctpL double mutant was defective in Pi taxis at any concentration ranging from 0.01 to 10 mM. To investigate regulation of Pi taxis, thectpH and ctpL genes were also disrupted individually in the P. aeruginosa phoU and phoBsingle mutants. The ctpH phoU and ctpH phoBdouble mutants were defective in Pi taxis, regardless of whether the cells were starved for Pi. The ctpL phoU double mutant was constitutive for Pi taxis, whereas the ctpL phoB double mutant was induced by Pi limitation for Pi taxis. The region upstream of ctpL, but not ctpH, contained a putativepho box sequence. Expression ofctpL::lacZ was induced by Pi limitation in PAO1, while it was constitutive in thephoU mutant. In contrast, the phoB mutant showed only background levels ofctpL::lacZ expression. These results showed that ctpL is involved in the pho regulon genes in P. aeruginosa. The ctpH phoU mutant, which failed to exhibit Pi taxis, was constitutive forctpL::lacZ expression, suggesting that the Pi detection by CtpL requires PhoU. Like PAO1, thephoB and phoU single mutants were constitutive for expression of ctpH::lacZ. Thus, the evidence that the ctpL phoU mutant, but not thectpL phoB mutant and PAO1, was constitutive for Pi taxis raised the possibility that PhoU exerts a negative control on Pi detection by CtpH at the posttranscriptional level.
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Lunn, Faylene A., Travis J. MacLeod, and Stephen L. Bearne. "Mutational analysis of conserved glycine residues 142, 143 and 146 reveals Gly142 is critical for tetramerization of CTP synthase from Escherichia coli." Biochemical Journal 412, no. 1 (April 25, 2008): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20071163.

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CTPS (cytidine 5′-triphosphate synthase) catalyses the ATP-dependent formation of CTP from UTP using either ammonia or L-glutamine as the nitrogen source. Binding of the substrates ATP and UTP, or the product CTP, promotes oligomerization of CTPS from inactive dimers to active tetramers. In the present study, site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace the fully conserved glycine residues 142 and 143 within the UTP-binding site and 146 within the CTP-binding site of Escherchia coli CTPS. CD spectral analyses of wild-type CTPS and the glycine mutants showed a slight reduction of ∼15% in α-helical content for G142A and G143A relative to G146A and wild-type CTPS, suggesting some local alterations in structure. Relative to wild-type CTPS, the values of kcat/Km for ammonia-dependent and glutamine-dependent CTP formation catalysed by G143A were reduced 22- and 16-fold respectively, whereas the corresponding values for G146A were reduced only 1.4- and 1.8-fold respectively. The glutaminase activity (kcat) of G146A was similar to that exhibited by the wild-type enzyme, whereas that of G143A was reduced 7.5-fold. G146A exhibited substrate inhibition at high concentrations of ammonia and a partial uncoupling of glutamine hydrolysis from CTP production. Although the apparent affinity (1/[S]0.5) of G143A and G146A for UTP was reduced ∼4-fold, G146A exhibited increased co-operativity with respect to UTP. Thus mutations in the CTP-binding site can affect UTP-dependent activity. Surprisingly, G142A was inactive with both ammonia and glutamine as substrates. Gel-filtration HPLC experiments revealed that both G143A and G146A were able to form active tetramers in the presence of ATP and UTP; however, nucleotide-dependent tetramerization of G142A was significantly impaired. Our observations highlight the sensitivity of the structure of CTPS to mutations in the UTP- and CTP-binding sites, with Gly142 being critical for nucleotide-dependent oligomerization of CTPS to active tetramers. This ‘structural sensitivity’ may limit the number and/or types of mutations that could be selected for during the development of resistance to cytotoxic pyrimidine nucleotide analogues.
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Yin, Bangsheng, Qilong Min, Emily Morgan, Yuekui Yang, Alexander Marshak, and Anthony B. Davis. "Cloud-top pressure retrieval with DSCOVR EPIC oxygen A- and B-band observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 5259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5259-2020.

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Abstract. An analytic transfer inverse model for Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) observations is proposed to retrieve the cloud-top pressure (CTP) with the consideration of in-cloud photon penetration. In this model, an analytic equation was developed to represent the reflection at the top of the atmosphere from above cloud, in cloud, and below cloud. The coefficients of this analytic equation can be derived from a series of EPIC simulations under different atmospheric conditions using a nonlinear regression algorithm. With estimated cloud pressure thickness, the CTP can be retrieved from EPIC observation data by solving the analytic equation. To simulate the EPIC measurements, a program package using the double-k approach was developed. Compared to line-by-line calculation, this approach can calculate high-accuracy results with a 100-fold computation time reduction. During the retrieval processes, two kinds of retrieval results, i.e., baseline CTP and retrieved CTP, are provided. The baseline CTP is derived without considering in-cloud photon penetration, and the retrieved CTP is derived by solving the analytic equation, taking into consideration in-cloud and below-cloud interactions. The retrieved CTPs for the oxygen A and B bands are smaller than their related baseline CTP. At the same time, both baseline CTP and retrieved CTP at the oxygen B band are larger than those at the oxygen A band. Compared to the difference in baseline CTP between the B band and A band, the difference in retrieved CTP between these two bands is generally reduced. Out of around 10 000 cases, in retrieved CTP between the A and B bands we found an average bias of 93 mb with a standard deviation of 81 mb. The cloud layer top pressure from Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) measurements is used for validation. Under single-layer cloud situations, the retrieved CTPs for the oxygen A band agree well with the CTPs from CALIPSO, the mean difference of which within 5 mb in the case study. Under multiple-layer cloud situations, the CTPs derived from EPIC measurements may be larger than the CTPs of high-level thin clouds due to the effect of photon penetration.
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van Dam, Lisette F., Lucia J. M. Kroft, Menno V. Huisman, Maarten K. Ninaber, and Frederikus A. Klok. "Computed Tomography Pulmonary Perfusion for Prediction of Short-Term Clinical Outcome in Acute Pulmonary Embolism." TH Open 05, no. 01 (January 2021): e66-e72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723782.

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Abstract Background Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). With computed tomography pulmonary perfusion (CTPP) additional information on lung perfusion can be assessed, but its value in PE risk stratification is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between CTPP-assessed perfusion defect score (PDS) and clinical presentation and its predictive value for adverse short-term outcome of acute PE. Patients and Methods This was an exploratory, observational study in 100 hemodynamically stable patients with CTPA-confirmed acute PE in whom CTPP was performed as part of routine clinical practice. We calculated the difference between the mean PDS in patients with versus without chest pain, dyspnea, and hemoptysis and 7-day adverse outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and likelihood-ratio test were used to assess the added predictive value of PDS to CTPA parameters of right ventricle dysfunction and total thrombus load, for intensive care unit admission, reperfusion therapy and PE-related death. Results We found no correlation between PDS and clinical symptoms. PDS was correlated to reperfusion therapy (n = 4 with 16% higher PDS, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5–28%) and PE-related mortality (n = 2 with 22% higher PDS, 95% CI: 4.9–38). Moreover, PDS had an added predictive value to CTPA assessment for PE-related mortality (from Chi-square 14 to 19, p = 0.02). Conclusion CTPP-assessed PDS was not correlated to clinical presentation of acute PE. However, PDS was correlated to reperfusion therapy and PE-related mortality and had an added predictive value to CTPA-reading for PE-related mortality; this added value needs to be demonstrated in larger studies.
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Bryar, Julie M., Carole Kathleen Dalby, Susan Anastas, Lauren Brady, Michael J. Hassett, Lawrence N. Shulman, and Joseph O. Jacobson. "Implementation of chemotherapy treatment plans (CTP) in a large comprehensive cancer center (CCC): The key roles of infrastructure and data sharing." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2013): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.20.

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20 Background: ASCO recommends that prior to initiating chemotherapy, a synoptic CTP should be created. At a large CCC, there was no tool to consistently or clearly communicate chemotherapy plans within the electronic health record (EHR). Methods: In 2011, a structured tool was created in the EHR to document patient diagnosis, tumor characteristics, planned regimen, side effects, performance status, and other elements when starting a new chemotherapy. Completion of a CTP generates a synoptic note in the EHR, pre-populates a chemotherapy consent form and computerized chemotherapy ordering template, helping to integrate CTPs into normal workflow and removing steps for possible errors. Completed CTPs can be accessed by care team members and sent to external referring providers. Implementation strategy included education on the importance of and how to complete CTPs and sending monthly compliance reports to disease centers (DC) and regional sites (RS). Compliance was defined as number completed CTPs / number new chemotherapy starts. Results: The CTP tool was introduced in a staggered rollout in mid-2011 (compliance reporting began in 2012). Six DC and 3 RS presently complete and use CTPs. 3,569 CTPs were completed since 2012. The table shows compliance by quarter, demonstrating significant variation among DC and RS. We attribute increased compliance to introduction of formal feedback reports that allow for identification of high-volume providers not completing CTPs, triggering individual interventions, especially targeted re-education. We also suspect shared reporting led to competition among providers, further improving performance. No incentives were provided for CTP completion. Conclusions: By creating a tool within the existing workflow and providing formal feedback, CTPs have been implemented as a communication tool at a CCC. [Table: see text]
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Zhang, Shanshan, Han-Chao Feng, and Ji-Long Liu. "ASNS disruption shortens CTPS cytoophidia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaa060.

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Abstract Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and CTP synthase (CTPS) are two metabolic enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis of asparagine and CTP, respectively. Both CTPS and ASNS have been identified to form cytoophidia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutamine is a common substrate for both these enzymes, and they play an important role in glutamine homeostasis. Here, we find that the ASNS cytoophidia are shorter than the CTPS cytoophidia, and that disruption of ASNS shortens the length of CTPS cytoophidia. However, the deletion of CTPS has no effect on the formation and length of ASNS cytoophidia, or on the ASNS protein level. We also find that Asn1 overexpression induces the formation of a multi-dot structure in diauxic phase which suggests that the increased protein level may trigger cytoophidia formation. Collectively, our results reveal a connection between ASNS cytoophidia and CTPS cytoophidia.
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Zhou, Xian, Chen-Jun Guo, Chia-Chun Chang, Jiale Zhong, Huan-Huan Hu, Guang-Ming Lu, and Ji-Long Liu. "Structural basis for ligand binding modes of CTP synthase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 30 (July 23, 2021): e2026621118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026621118.

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Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS), which comprises an ammonia ligase domain and a glutamine amidotransferase domain, catalyzes the final step of de novo CTP biosynthesis. The activity of CTPS is regulated by the binding of four nucleotides and glutamine. While glutamine serves as an ammonia donor for the ATP-dependent conversion of UTP to CTP, the fourth nucleotide GTP acts as an allosteric activator. Models have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of action at the active site of the ammonia ligase domain and the conformational changes derived by GTP binding. However, actual GTP/ATP/UTP binding modes and relevant conformational changes have not been revealed fully. Here, we report the discovery of binding modes of four nucleotides and a glutamine analog 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine in Drosophila CTPS by cryo–electron microscopy with near-atomic resolution. Interactions between GTP and surrounding residues indicate that GTP acts to coordinate reactions at both domains by directly blocking ammonia leakage and stabilizing the ammonia tunnel. Additionally, we observe the ATP-dependent UTP phosphorylation intermediate and determine interacting residues at the ammonia ligase. A noncanonical CTP binding at the ATP binding site suggests another layer of feedback inhibition. Our findings not only delineate the structure of CTPS in the presence of all substrates but also complete our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the allosteric regulation and CTP synthesis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CtpG"

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Ananthakrishnan, Shilpa. "P-type ATPases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Digital WPI, 2009. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1200.

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"Tuberculosis is a deadly disease caused by bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium. One-third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Two million these deaths occur each year in immunocompromised AIDS patients. M. tuberculosis has co-evolved with humans for many thousands of years. The bacillus has developed tactics to overcome the immune defense system and multiply in the macrophage. At the interface of the host and pathogen interactions, there is an interchange of metals and electrolytes. The host on one hand reduces the availability of metals essential for pathogen survival, like manganese and iron, in the macrophage and increases potassium ions which reduces pH in the phagolysosome. The host also generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), to create toxic affects through interactions with metals and metalloproteins. M. tuberculosis copes with the hostile environment in the macrophage by preventing the acidification of the phagolysosome, secreting antioxidant enzymes such as alkylhydroperoxidase (AhpF) and peroxiredoxin (AhpC), superoxide dismutase, SodA and SodC, and catalase KatG through the SecA system. M. tuberculosis contains 28 metal transporters, among them there are 12 unique P-type ATPases. This is an unusually high number of P-type ATPases in an organism. These ATPases transport several monovalent and divalent metals (Cu+, Cu2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Co2+) across biological membranes, using energy from ATP hydrolysis. Our analysis has revealed that these P-type ATPases have homologs in other intracellular symbiotic/pathogenic bacteria and certain chemolithotrophic archaea and bacteria. A corelation can hence be drawn among these pumps and the capability of surviving in noxious environments and coping with adverse redox conditions. Possible substrates were identified by determining the consensus sequences in different helices of these ATPases. However, out of the 12 P-type ATPases confirmed, transported substrate could be postulated for four of these proteins; CtpA, CtpB, CtpV and KdpB. Using bioinformatic approaches we have characterized the possible genetic environment of these genes. The transmembrane regions were analyzed for consensus sequences and the N-terminals and C-terminals were scrutinized for metal binding domains, and we were able to categorize these ATPases into P1 type and P2 type ATPases. In an attempt to determine the substrate specificity, two of these ATPases (CtpC and ctpG) were cloned and transformed into Escherichia coli cells. Cells expressing CtpC were grown in different concentrations of metals and pHs. In these experiments CtpC was found to show an interaction with copper and cadmium. Pure protein was obtained by His-tag purification and para-Nitro Phenol Phosphatase (pNPPase) assay was performed with different metals, it was found that copper and zinc activated the phosphatase activity of the enzyme; and cobalt and manganese were inhibitory. Inhibition of the pNPP assay could mean that there would be activation in the ATPase assay, meaning that cobalt and manganese could be possible substrates to this enzyme. "
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Kocabas, Evren. "Atypical P-type ATPases, CtpE and CtpF from Mycobacteria tuberculosis." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/910.

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"Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, one of the most life-threatening diseases of all time. It infects the host macrophages and survives in its phagosome. The host phagosome is a very hostile environment where M. tuberculosis copes with high concentration of transition metals (Zn2+, Cu2+), low levels of others (Mn2+, Fe2+) and acidic pH. P-ATPases are membrane proteins that transport various ions against their electrochemical gradients utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis. Based on their primary sequences; seven of the twelve mycobacterial ATPases are classified as putative heavy metal transporters and a K+-ATPase, while the substrate of four (CtpE, CtpF, CtpH and CtpI) remains unknown. Consistent with their membrane topology and conserved amino acids, CtpE and CtpF are possibly P2 or P3-ATPases that transport alkali metals or protons. We examined the cellular roles of orthologous CtpE and CtpF in M. smegmatis, a non-pathogenic model organism. We hypothesized that these novel P- ATPases play an important role in transporting alkali metals and/or protons. We analyzed growth fitness of strains carrying mutations of the coding gens of these enzymes, in presence of various metals and different pHs, as well as the gene expression levels under different stress conditions. We observed that the M. smegmatis mutant strains, lacking of CtpF or CtpE, are sensitive to high concentrations (mM) of Mn2+. Furthermore, CtpE mutant is sensitive to alkali pH. Our results indicate that CtpE and CtpF might be an Mn2+ or H+-ATPase that are required for cell’s homeostasis sustainability."
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Mäkivierikko, Aram. "CTG Carbon Calculator." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-101181.

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A carbon dioxide emission calculator for buildings created by the U.S.-based company CTG Energetics, Inc. and based on a Excel file has been converted to a ASP.NET / SQL Server web application. Carbon dioxide emissions are calculated using data given by the user (i.e. floor area, workdays per year) in combination with statistical data used in user-selectable presets (i.e. building type, climate zone, type of water-using fixtures). In most cases a custom value can be inserted instead of using a preset. Emissions attributable both directly and indirectly to the building such as building energy use, domestic water use, landscape/irrigation, transportation, materials used for the building/parking lot and the disposal of solid waste are calculated. The emissions can be compared with a national average and/or emissions from alternate scenarios created for the same building. The web application contains some upgrades and extra functionality that would not have been possible in Excel such as user handling.

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Hunt, Alan Nigel. "CTP (choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase) in human lung." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361174/.

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Human lung cytidylyltransferase was found associated with both 'soluble' (S100) and membrane-rich particulate (P100) fractions of Tris-buffered saline homogenates. S100 enzyme activities in 15 - 16 week fetal and adult human lungs represented a constant proportion of overall recovery, (66.8 4.8% vs 66.1 7.5%, means standard error). A lack of support for the regulatory translocation of human lung cytidylyltransferase at these extremes of development was unable to rule out a transient change in distribution near term. Rat lung P100 enzyme increased from 31% to 40% between d18 gestation and term, d22, but a concomitant increase in total. S100 cytidylyltransferase, measured in the presence of the lipid activator PG, questioned the physiological significance of the apparent translocation. Cytidylyltransferase from human and rat lung S100 were resolved into a high molecular weight H form (> 106 daltons) and a lower molecular weight L form (~200,000 daltons). Incubation of S100 at 37oC for 2 hours yielded insoluble, protein-rich aggregates which were strongly associated with rat H form cytidylyltransferase, while less strongly with the human H form. The principal 43,000 dalton, protein in these aggregates was identified as a cytoplasmic actin on the basis of its properties, amino acid composition and western blot analysis. The association of H form cytidylyltransferase with cytoskeletal F-actin containing fractions in vitro was disrupted by the detergent CHAPS, which was also able to release a portion of P100 enzyme. Separation of human S100 H and L form enzyme, by gel filtration or ultracentrifugation, revealed the presence of latent cytidylyltransferase, often as high as 3 fold, which questioned activity determinations in fresh S100. Within the framework of an emerging concept of a highly ordered aqueous cytoplasm, the incorporation of these results suggested that a portion of human lung cytidylyltransferase might by cytoskeletally bound in vivo, as has been described for many enzymes or enzyme systems. The use of conventional purification techniques, including affinity chromatography, with a view to testing these ideas in defined systems, met with little success. Low yields or highly unstable enzyme characterised many individual steps, especially where cytidylyltransferase was separated from F-actin enriched fractions. A number of triazine dyes screened as pseudoaffinity ligands revealed a rapid inhibition with Procion Green H-4G and a partial protection with MgCTP. Sepharose CL4B-immobilised Green H-4G bound cytidylyltransferase, but MgCTP was unable to effect elution. Increasing ionic strength eluted some activity but also inhibited enzyme irreversibly, while CHAPS at 1% released a maximum of only 18% bound enzyme and SDS PAGE revealed a relatively non-specific binding. The use of dye-affinity matrix offered the potential of a useful purification step with partially purified enzyme if suitable elution conditions could be devised.
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Schmidt, Kristina H. "CTG trinucleotide repeat instability in Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14353.

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In order to identify cellular factors that affect trinucleotide repeat stability, changes in the length of a (CTG)43 repeat were studied over 140 generations in wild-type Escherichia coli and in strains that are deficient in post-replicative mismatch repair, secondary structure repair and homologous recombination. It is shown that (CTG)43 inserted into pUC18 expands and contracts in wild-type E. coli in an orientation-dependent manner that is unaffected by transcription. In cells deficient in post-replicative mismatch repair (CTG)43 repeat instability is greater than in wild-type cells but orientation-independent. The observation of single trinucleotide insertions and deletions in these mutator mutants indicates that replication slippages of 3 bp occur in vivo leading to repeat expansion and contraction if left unrepaired. Compared to wild-type cells large deletions are reduced in these mutator mutants, but only if the CTG sequence serves as the lagging strand. Based on the opposing effects of mismatch repair a model is proposed in which orientation-dependent CTG repeat instability in mismatch repair proficient cells is caused by the repair of 3-bp slippages. This leads to the creation of larger deletions during repair synthesis due to the formation of unusual secondary structures by the CTG sequence on the lagging strand. Mutations in the recA and sbcCD genes do not affect the stability of plasmid-borne CTG repeats. Similarly the viability of recA-deficient strains carrying chromosomal insertions of (CTG)25 and (CTG)43 suggests that, unlike long palindromes, these trinucleotide repeats are not substrates for the structure-directed nuclease complex SbcCD or, alternatively, they do not form secondary structures frequently enough to cause lethality in recA-deficient hosts. In contrast, a mutation in the recG gene, also involved in homologous recombination, severely destabilises the (CTG)43 repeat in a strongly orientation-dependent manner that exceeds all other tested mutants. Possible explanations for this observation are discussed.
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Erlandsson, Diana, and Linda Håkansson. "Barnmorskors och läkares dokumentation av CTG : Ett kvalitetsarbete på förlossningen i Karlskrona." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26204.

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Bakgrund: SFOG har tillsammans med SBF, SNS och LÖF upprättat riktlinjer för förlossningsvården som bland annat berör dokumentation av CTG. Dessa har tagits fram genom ”Projekt säker förlossningsvård” och antagits av Blekingesjukhuset Karlskrona år 2008. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka barnmorskors och läkares följsamhet av CTG-dokumentation, vid aktivt förlossningsförlopp, i förhållande till lokala PM, aktuella riktlinjer och nationella styrdokument på förlossningsavdelningen, Karlskrona. Metod: Retrospektiv journalgranskningmed deskriptiv design har använts.  Datainsamling omfattar tidsperioden 2011-07-01 t.o.m. 2012-03-04. Totalt ingick 748 journaler och 1547 dokumentationer i studien. Dataanalys har skett med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat: Av journalerna hade 22% ingen dokumentation om CTG och 46% av dokumentationerna innehöll en klassifikation. Åtgärd har dokumenterats i 80% och dokumentationerna var skriven utan förkortning i 45%. Följsamheten av klassificering och åtgärd tillsammans var totalt 44%medan barnmorskors var 38% och läkares 8%. Konklusion: Följsamheten av CTG-dokumentationbehöver förbättras på förlossningsavdelningen i Karlskrona. Majoriteten av vad som dokumenteras följer inte PM, riktlinjer och nationella styrdokument.
Background: SFOG, SBF, SNS and LÖF have conducted guidelines for obstetric care including documentation of CTG. These have been developed during “Projekt säker förlossningsvård” and adopted 2008 by the hospital in Blekinge, Karlskrona. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the compliance of CTG documentation by midwives and physician, during active labor, in relation to local PM, current guidelines and national policy at the labor ward Karlskrona. Method: Retrospective study using descriptive design was used. Data collection covers the time period 2011-07-01 to 2012-03-04. Totally 748 records and 1547 documentations were reviewed. Data analysis was progressed in SPSS. Result: Of the total records, 22% did not have any documentation about CTG and 46% of the collected documentations had a classification. Action was documented in 80%, and the documentations were written without an abbreviation in 45%. Compliance of classification and action together was 44%, midwives had  38% and physicians 8%. Conclusion: The compliance of CTG documentation needs improvement in the labor ward in Karlskrona. The majority of documents are not followed by PM, guidelines and national policy documents.
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Laoniphon, Patriya, and Wenyi Yu. "Capability to Promise (CTP) Handling Strategy in SAP." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12906.

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Nowadays, many companies attempt to adapt their production planning and strategy to make order fulfillment more flexible. In manufacturing, the capacity and capability constraints are key factors which need efficient production planning for controlling service level and minimizing inventory cost. This thesis focuses on looking for the economic and efficient strategies for Capability to Promise or CTP handling. This strategy is proposed to work for Low Volume/High Mixed product manufacturing. Moreover, SAP is used as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system for steering the CTP handling strategies in order to increase automated order handling regarding cost efficiency. The results of this research are both concepts and implementations on how to set CTP handling by using SAP, regarding the demand uncertainty environment in Make to Order (MTO) fulfillment.
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Miller, Jeffrey D. "CTP synthase and transporter function in Coxiella burnetii." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3536.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 157 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ding, Ziwei. "Domain functions and domain interactions of CTP, phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0023/MQ51332.pdf.

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Chan, Nelson Lap Shun. "IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN CAG/CTG REPEAT INSTABILITY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/832.

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CAG/CTG repeat instability is associated with at least 14 neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease and Myotonic dystrophy type 1. In vitro and in vivo studies have showed that CAG/CTG repeats form a stable hairpin that is believed to be the intermediate for repeat expansion and contraction. Addition of extra DNA is essential for repeat expansion, so DNA synthesis is one of the keys for repeat expansion. In vivo studies reveal that 3’ CTG slippage with subsequent hairpin formation (henceforth called the 3’ CTG slippage hairpin) occurs during DNA synthesis. It is proposed that hairpin tolerance machinery is activated because prolonged stalling of DNA polymerase triggers severe DNA damage. As a means toward studying the hairpin-mediated expansion, we created a special hairpin substrate, mimicking the 3’ CTG slippage hairpin, to determine which polymerase promotes hairpin bypass. Our studies reveal polymerase β (pol β) is involved in the initial hairpin synthesis while polymerase δ (pol δ) is responsible for the resumption of DNA synthesis beyond the hairpin (extension step). Surprisingly, we also found that the pol δ can remove the short CTG hairpin by excision of the hairpin with its 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity. Besides repairing the hairpin directly, resolving the hairpin is an alternative pathway to maintain CAG/CTG repeat stability. With limited understanding of which human helicase is responsible for resolving CAG/CTG hairpins, we conducted a screening approach to identify the human helicase involved. Werner Syndrome Protein (WRN) induces the hairpin repair activity when (CTG)35 hairpin is formed on the template strand. Primer extension assay reveals that WRN stimulates pol δ synthesis on (CAG)35/(CTG)35 template and such induction was still found in the presence of accessory factors. Helicase assay confirms that WRN unwinds CTG hairpin structures. Our studies provide a better understanding of how polymerases and helicases play a role in CAG/CTG repeat instability. Considering CAG/CTG repeat instability associated disorders are still incurable, our studies can provide several potential therapeutic targets for treating and/or preventing CAG/CTG repeat associated disorders.
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Books on the topic "CtpG"

1

Steer, Philip J. Fetal CTG monitoring. Redditch: Surgicraft Ltd., 1987.

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Christine, Henderson, ed. CTG made easy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1992.

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Balen, Adam H. The CTG in practice. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1992.

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Cooperación técnica entre países en desarrollo (CTPD). [Bogotá]: Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Programa de Relaciones Internacionales, 2009.

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Spears, Morton F. CTG, capacitance theory of gravity. [Norwood, MA]: M.F. Spears, 1991.

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CTP de değişmeli ama ne? Lefkoşa: Işık Kitabevi, 2009.

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Ferreira, Ciro Dutra. " 35 - CTG": O pioneiro movimento tradicionalista gaúcho - MTG. Porto Alegre: Martins Livreiro, 1987.

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Diamond, James. The future of printing: Digital printing vs offset litho with CtP. London: LCPDT, 1998.

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Smyth, Sean. The future of alternative imaging systems. Leatherhead: Pira International, 2003.

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Jong-Hoon, Oh, Kwon Chulan, Cho Sungzoon, Sŏul Taehakkyo. Chayŏn Kwahak Taehak. Pusŏl Iron Mullihak Yŏnʼguso., and Pʻohang Kongkwa Taehak (Korea). Kichʻo Kwahak Yŏnʼguso., eds. Neural networks: The statistical mechanics perspective : proceedings of the CTP-PBSRI Joint Workshop on Theoretical Physics, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea, 2-4 February 95. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "CtpG"

1

Cadet, Marcel, Chantal Sinnwell, Jan Fischer, and Nicole Stephan. "Kernelemente für die Zusammenarbeit von CTP-Entwicklung und CTPS-Planung." In Modellbasierter Entwicklungsprozess cybertronischer Systeme, 93–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55124-0_11.

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Weiss, Peter A. M. "CTG-Alterationen." In Sectio Caesarea und assoziierte Fragen, 59–66. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6633-8_7.

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Schneider, Achim, Günther Schlunck, and Viola Sieber. "Cardiotokographie (CTG)." In Geburtshilfefibel, 15–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97317-8_5.

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Talaulikar, Vikram, and Sabaratnam Arulkumaran. "CTG Interpretation." In Medicolegal Issues in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 133–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78683-4_25.

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"CTAG." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1242. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_100630.

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"CTPA." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1240. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_100863.

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"CTTG." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1241. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_100870.

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Robert-Ebadi, Helia, Grégoire Le Gal, and Marc Righini. "Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and evolving imaging modalities." In ESC CardioMed, 2761–66. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0659.

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Modern non-invasive diagnostic strategies for pulmonary embolism rely on the sequential use of clinical probability assessment, D-dimer measurement, and thoracic imaging tests. Planar ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy was the cornerstone test for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism for more than two decades and has now been replaced by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Diagnostic strategies using CTPA are very safe to rule out pulmonary embolism and have been well validated in large prospective management outcome studies. Venous compression ultrasonography is the cornerstone test to diagnose deep vein thrombosis but is not mandatory for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism when using multidetector CTPA.
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Robert-Ebadi, Helia, Grégoire Le Gal, and Marc Righini. "Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and evolving imaging modalities." In ESC CardioMed, 2761–66. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0659_update_001.

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Modern non-invasive diagnostic strategies for pulmonary embolism rely on the sequential use of clinical probability assessment, D-dimer measurement, and thoracic imaging tests. Planar ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy was the cornerstone test for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism for more than two decades and has now been replaced by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Diagnostic strategies using CTPA are very safe to rule out pulmonary embolism and have been well validated in large prospective management outcome studies. Venous compression ultrasonography is the cornerstone test to diagnose deep vein thrombosis but is not mandatory for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism when using multidetector CTPA.
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Kennedy, Charles. "CTP." In xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference, 1–4. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008055232-3.61523-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "CtpG"

1

Farrell, D. M., J. Parmar, and B. J. Robbins. "The Development of Ceramic-Based Thermocouples for Application in Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0514.

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A research and development project has recently been carried out to develop ceramic thermocouple probes (CTPs) capable of measuring temperatures up to 2000°C and rugged enough to withstand extended service in high-temperature gas turbine environments. Existing metallic thermocouple technology cannot withstand such conditions for sustainable periods of time. Following initial laboratory studies, CTP trials were carried out in power generation boilers (Farrell and Higginbottom, 1995). Prototype CTPs were subsequently developed for evaluation in gas turbine (GT) combustors (at atmospheric and elevated pressures) and in a Spey engine (Patent, 1996). The CTPs performed well under the harsh conditions imposed, demonstrating their mechanical integrity and consistency/sustainability of signal output. Initial studies have also been carried out with a view to applying ‘thin-layer’ ceramic thermocouples directly onto thermal barrier coatings to give surface temperatures on stator or other hot gas surfaces, and are briefly mentioned. Rowan Technologies and TÜV Energy Services are currently looking for companies interested in exploiting this new ceramic thermocouple technology.
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Calegari, Roberta, Mirco Musolesi, Franco Raimondi, and Cecilia Mascolo. "CTG." In the the 6th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1287624.1287684.

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Moore, Thomas, and Eric Rohrbaugh. "CTPB Propellants for Space Applications." In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3750.

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Tang, Xudong, and Chanwoo Park. "Vibration/Shock-Tolerant Capillary Two-Phase Loop Technology for Vehicle Thermal Control." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56349.

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Two-phase thermal management technologies are promising cooling solutions for the high performance electronics in the next generation military and commercial vehicles. However, vibrations (∼ 10Grms in commercial automobile engines and transmissions) and shocks (30G to 1,200G in military combat vehicles, caused by gun firing, ballistic launch and abrupt maneuvering) present a severe challenge to any capillary-driven (i.e., passive) two-phase devices. A low-cost, vibration/shock-tolerant Capillary Two-Phase Loop (CTPL) technology was developed as a cooling alternative for the future military vehicles. Unlike the traditional two-phase cooling loops such as Loop Heat Pipes (LHP) and Capillary Pumped Loops (CPL), the CTPL offers the following advantages: (1) lower manufacturing cost by sintering the evaporator wick in-situ; (2) improved tolerance to vibrations and shocks due to the improved mechanical strengths of the in-situ sintered wick; (3) improved heat flux performance because of the non-inverted meniscus wick. Small-scale proof-to-concept CTPL prototypes were successfully tested up to 120W of heat input and under multiple, consecutive shocks of up to 6.6G.
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Ilsen, Rebecca, Hermann Meissner, and Jan C. Aurich. "Virtual Test Field for Sustainability Assessment of Cybertronic Production Systems." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9232.

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Studying the goals, ideas and trends of the concept of cybertronic production systems (CTPS) leads to the hypothesis that CTPS supports a sustainable development. The paper proposes an approach for simulating and verifying this hypothesis. Cybertronic production systems are formed by the application of cybertronic systems (CTS) in production. To examine the behavior of cybertronic systems depending on their level of interconnection, intelligence and independence a multi-agent system of a production system is implemented. This simulation system can be used as virtual test field to evaluate impacts of changes in the production system on all level of detail (process, machine tool, factory level) by using sustainability indicators on factory level.
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Berrich, Emna, Fethi Aloui, and Jack Legrand. "Experimental Investigations of Couette-Taylor-Poiseuille Flows Using the Electro-Diffusional Technique." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7918.

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Couette-Taylor-Poiseuille flow CTPF consists on the superposition of Couette-Taylor flow to an axial flow. The CTPF flow hydrodynamics studies remain rather qualitative or numerical or are restricted to relatively low Taylor and/or axial Reynolds numbers. For more comprehensive and control of CTPF, especially for relatively high Taylor numbers and high axial Reynolds numbers, we investigated experimentally CTF with and without an axial flow, using the electro-diffusion ED method. This technique requires the use of Electro-Diffusion ED probe which allows the determination of the local mass transfer rate from the Limiting Diffusion current measurement delivered by the ED probe while it is polarized by a polarization voltage. From the local mass transfer (the Sherwood number), we determined the wall shear rate using different approaches. The results illustrate that low axial flow can generate a stabilizing effect on the CT flow. The time-evolutions of the local mass transfer and the wall shear rate are periodic. These evolutions characterize the waviness or the stretching of the vortices. However, Taylor Wavy Vortex Flow TWVF is destabilized under the effect of relatively important axial flow. The time-evolutions of wall shear rate are no longer periodic. Indeed, Taylor vortices are overlapped or completely destructed.
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Benedito, Marcelo, Lehilton Pedrosa, and Hugo Rosado. "A Constant-Factor Approximation for the Generalized Cable-Trench Problem." In IV Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2019.6399.

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In the Cable-Trench Problem (CTP), the objective is to find a rooted spanning tree of a weighted graph that minimizes the length of the tree, scaled by a non-negative factor , plus the sum of all shortest-path lengths from the root, scaled by another non-negative factor. This is an intermediate optimization problem between the Single-Destination Shortest Path Problem and the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem. In this extended abstract, we consider the Generalized CTP (GCTP), in which some vertices need not be connected to the root, but may serve as cost-saving merging points; this variant also generalizes the Steiner Tree Problem. We present an 8.599-approximation algorithm for GCTP. Before this paper, no constant approximation for the standard CTP was known.
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Lei Yin, Jin Zeng, Fangwang Liu, and Bo Li. "CTPV: A Cloud Testing Platform Based on Virtualization." In 2013 IEEE 7th International Symposium on Service Oriented System Engineering (SOSE 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sose.2013.77.

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Warrick, Philip A., and Emily F. Hamilton. "Mutual information estimates of CTG synchronization." In 2015 Computing in Cardiology Conference (CinC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cic.2015.7408605.

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Lihs, A., and L. Delle Chiaie. "Sinusoidales CTG Muster bei fetaler Gastroschisis." In 28. Deutscher Kongress für Perinatale Medizin. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607762.

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Reports on the topic "CtpG"

1

Bundy, Dave. Combat Trauma Patient Simulation (CTPS) Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400337.

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Rasche, Jeanette. Test and Evaluation of a Networked Patient Simulator System: Combat Trauma Patient Simulator (CTPS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399914.

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