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1
Cranz, Anna, Anja Greinacher, Ede Nagy, Hans-Christoph Friederich, Hugo A. Katus, Nicolas Geis, Sven T. Pleger, and Christoph Nikendei. "Broken Heartstrings—Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Psychological Burden after Acute Mitral Regurgitation Due to Chordae Tendineae Rupture." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9124048.
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Chordae tendineae rupture (CTR) is a potentially life-threatening cardiac event often resulting in Acute mitral regurgitation (AMR). We assessed Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms in n=21 CTR patients with AMR (age 82.3 ± 4.2 years; 66.7% men) and compared them to n=23 CTR patients with Chronic mitral regurgitation (CMR) and n=35 Myocardial infraction (MI) patients. Regression analyses revealed that PTSD scores were significantly higher in CTR patients with AMR than in CTR patients with CMR or MI patients. CTR patients with CMR had the lowest levels of PTSD-symptoms. Depression and anxiety scores were elevated across all three groups. Our results suggest that psychosocial factors need to be considered in CTR patients’ care.
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Zhang, Gang, Fuxin Du, Shaowei Xue, Hao Cheng, Xingyao Zhang, Rui Song, and Yibin Li. "Design and Modeling of a Bio-Inspired Compound Continuum Robot for Minimally Invasive Surgery." Machines 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10060468.
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The continuum robot is a new type of bionic robot which is widely used in the medical field. However, the current structure of the continuum robot limits its application in the field of minimally invasive surgery. In this paper, a bio-inspired compound continuum robot (CCR) combining the concentric tube continuum robot (CTR) and the notched continuum robot is proposed to design a high-dexterity minimally invasive surgical instrument. Then, a kinematic model, considering the stability of the CTR part, was established. The unstable operation of the CCR is avoided. The simulation of the workspace shows that the introduction of the notched continuum robot expands the workspace of CTR. The dexterity indexes of the robots are proposed. The simulation shows that the dexterity of the CCR is 1.472 times that of the CTR. At last, the length distribution of the CCR is optimized based on the dexterity index by using a fruit fly optimization algorithm. The simulations show that the optimized CCR is more dexterous than before. The dexterity of the CCR is increased by 1.069 times. This paper is critical for the development of high-dexterity minimally invasive surgical instruments such as those for the brain, blood vessels, heart and lungs.
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Hossain, Tarik, Md Miraz Khalifa, and Raju Ahmmed. "Determinants of the dividend payout policy of multinational companies in Bangladesh: Evidence from Dhaka stock exchange." Financial Risk and Management Reviews 9, no. 1 (August 30, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/89.v9i1.3454.
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This study tries to establish the important factors influencing the dividend payout policy of the Multinational Companies (MNCs) in Bangladesh in order to assist investors in making the best possible investment decisions. Data for this study was collected from several MNCs listed on the DSE from 2015 to 2021. The relationship between the dependent variable, Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) and selected independent variables such as Return on Equity (ROE), Liquidity Ratio (LEQR), Leverage Ratio (LEVR), Firm Size (FS), Dividend Payout Ratio of Previous Year (PDPR), Corporate Tax Ratio (CTR) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is evaluated using Pearson's correlation and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The regression analysis results showed a mixed result. The ROE and CTR are significantly related to DPR. Higher ROE and CTR emphasis a higher dividend for stock holders. The FS is significantly negatively related to DPR. Due to the costs associated with paying for the profits of substantial assets, large firms pay lower dividends. Other variables such as LEQR, LEVR, PDPR, CTR and CAR have no significant impact on the DPR. The investors and the concerned authorities can consider ROE, CTR and FS to forecast the future dividend for the MNCs in Bangladesh.
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Matusik, Patrycja S., Amira Bryll, Agnieszka Pac, Tadeusz J. Popiela, and Paweł T. Matusik. "Clinical Data, Chest Radiograph and Electrocardiography in the Screening for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The CAR2E2 Score." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 3585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133585.
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Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and implicates clinical decision-making. The aim of our study was to assess the importance of different approaches in the screening for LVH. We included patients who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and had available chest radiograph in medical documentation. Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), transverse cardiac diameter (TCD), clinical and selected electrocardiographic (ECG)-LVH data, including the Peguero-Lo Presti criterion, were assessed. CMR–LVH was defined based on indexed left ventricular mass-to-body surface area. Receiver operating characteristics analyses showed that both the CTR and TCD (CTR: area under the curve: [AUC] = 0.857, p < 0.001; TCD: AUC = 0.788, p = 0.001) were predictors for CMR–LVH. However, analyses have shown that diagnoses made with TCD, but not CTR, were consistent with CMR–LVH. From the analyzed ECG–LVH criteria, the Peguero-Lo Presti criterion was the best predictor of LVH. The best sensitivity for screening for LVH was observed when the presence of heart failure, ≥40 years in age (each is assigned 1 point), increased TCD and positive Peguero-Lo Presti criterion (each is assigned 2 points) were combined (CAR2E2 score ≥ 3 points). CAR2E2 score may improve prediction of LVH compared to other approaches. Therefore, it may be useful in the screening for LVH in everyday clinical practice in patients with prevalent cardiovascular diseases.
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Huang, Tianjiao, Jiancheng Su, Xinglong Wang, Ningkun Shi, Xiao Zhang, Jiliang He, Juan Li, Jiannan Zhang, and Yajun Wang. "Functional Analysis and Tissue-Specific Expression of Calcitonin and CGRP with RAMP-Modulated Receptors CTR and CLR in Chickens." Animals 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2024): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14071058.
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Calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are critical regulators of calcium balance and have extensive implications for vertebrate physiological processes. This study explores the CT and CGRP signaling systems in chickens through cloning and characterization of the chicken calcitonin receptor (CTR) and calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), together with three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). We illuminated the functional roles for chickens between the receptors examined alone and in RAMP-associated complexes using luciferase reporter assays. Chicken CTRs and CLRs stimulated the cAMP/PKA and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, signifying their functional receptor status, with CT showing appreciable ligand activity at nanomolar concentrations across receptor combinations. Notably, it is revealed that chicken CLR can act as a functional receptor for CT without or with RAMPs. Furthermore, we uncovered a tissue-specific expression profile for CT, CGRP, CTR, CLR, and RAMPs in chickens, indicating the different physiological roles across various tissues. In conclusion, our data establish a clear molecular basis to reveal information on CT, CGRP, CTR, CLR, and RAMPs in chickens and contribute to understanding the conserved or divergent functions of this family in vertebrates.
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Tang, Haodong. "Analysis of Chongqing's Tourism and Economic Growth under the Impact of the Pandemic." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 35 (June 16, 2024): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ze2sgm23.
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Tourism is the backbone of any country's economic development. Domestic and offshore tourism was the most affected by the COVID-19 crisis, and more than any other sector globally in China. China's once flourishing tourism industry has endured a significant impact due to travel restrictions, regional isolation, and quarantine measures. This study focusses on historical tourist economic data from the micro to the macro level in order to assess the impact of tourism on Chongqing's and China's economy both before and after the pandemic crisis. The study used the vector error correction model (VECM) to quantitatively analyze data on Chongqing Gross Domestic Product (GDP), China tourism revenue (CTR) and Chongqing tourism revenue (CQTR) for the period from 2004 to 2023. The results show that COVID-19 leads to a significant decline in tourism-related income. In terms of the relationship between the two, after quantitative analysis of variance the effect of CQTR on Chongqing GDP is unidirectional rather than the main cause of Chongqing GDP, and the relationship between CQTR and CTR is bidirectional and interacts with it. This also explains why the CQTR dramatically drops in 2021–2023 while Chongqing GDP grows continuously and shows the reason why CQTR and CTR go up or down in the same trend.
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Filimoniuk, Aleksandra, Agnieszka Blachnio-Zabielska, Monika Imierska, Dariusz Marek Lebensztejn, and Urszula Daniluk. "Sphingolipid Analysis Indicate Lactosylceramide as a Potential Biomarker of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children." Biomolecules 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10071083.
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An altered ceramide composition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of sphingolipids in the serum of treatment-naive children with newly diagnosed IBD and to determine the diagnostic value of the tested lipids in pediatric IBD. The concentrations of sphingolipids in serum samples were evaluated using a quantitative method, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in children with Crohn’s disease (CD) (n=34), ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 39), and controls (Ctr) (n = 24). Among the study groups, the most significant differences in concentrations were noted for C16:0-LacCer, especially in children with CD compared to Ctr or even to UC. Additionally, the relevant increase in C20:0-Cer and C18:1-Cer concentrations were detected in both IBD groups compared to Ctr. The enhanced C24:0-Cer level was observed only in UC, while C18:0-Cer only in the CD group. The highest area under the curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity were determined for C16:0-LacCer in CD diagnosis. Our results suggest that the serum LacC16-Cer may be a potential biomarker that distinguishes children with IBD from healthy controls and differentiates IBD subtypes. In addition, C20:0-Cer and C18:0-Cer levels also seem to be closely connected with IBD.
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Khan, Ibrahim. "CTR MEETS REALITY." Journal of Neurology and Neuromedicine 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2572.942x/2017/1.1165.
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Hayashi, Toshihiko. "JSCTR-CTR Commentary." Connective Tissue Research 50, no. 6 (November 12, 2009): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03008200903320606.
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Hayashi, Toshihiko. "JSCTR-CTR Commentary." Connective Tissue Research 51, no. 1 (January 12, 2010): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03008200903471776.
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Xu, W., Y. H. Li, Z. W. Pan, J. D. Liu, H. J. Zhang, and B. J. Ye. "Optimization study of a new β +-γ coincidence positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer using Geant4." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 06 (June 1, 2024): P06044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06044.
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Abstract Positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy is a unique method for characterizing atomic-scale defects and ultramicropores in materials. The conventional PAL spectrometer adopts the γ-γ coincidence principle, and its performance, especially the coincidence counting rate (CCR), can hardly be further increased. Another coincidence principle, β +-γ coincidence, has the potential to simultaneously improve the CCR and coincidence time resolution (CTR) of PAL spectrometers. However, early β +-γ coincidence PAL spectrometers have not been widely applied due to the considerable room for improvement in their performance. In this work, we proposed a new β +-γ coincidence PAL spectrometer utilizing silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array as the positron detector and conducted a comprehensive optimization of its structure with the aim of achieving a breakthrough in performance. The effects of start signal threshold and structure parameters on its CTR, CCR, and proportion of source contribution (P SC) were studied using Geant4. The simulation results show that, with a 68Ge positron source of 30 μCi, the optimized β +-γ coincidence PAL spectrometer can achieve an extremely high CCR exceeding 10000 counts per second (cps) and an outstanding CTR below 160 picoseconds (ps) while maintaining a low P SC below 12%. This study provides valuable guidance for constructing high-performance β +-γ coincidence PAL spectrometers.
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Jung, Ji Han, Hyung Jin Kim, Ho Jung An, Sung Whan Kim, Hyun Min Cho, and Byoungyong Shim. "Tumor necrosis as prognostic values in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.722.
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722 Background: Association between treatment response on the basis of pathologic stage evaluated after radical tumor resection and patient prognosis was well established. The object of this study is that tumor necrosis factor after CRT is also important as treatment response. Methods: A total of 243 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer that underwent neoadjuvant CRT was included. Three treatment response groups were classified by their pathologic stage results: complete treatment response (CTR), intermediate treatment response (ITR), and poor treatment response (PTR). Three tissue necrosis groups were classified by tissue pathologic results: complete necrosis response (CNR), intermediate necrosis response (INR), and poor necrosis response (PNR). Results: Overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) rate at 3 years were 74.5% and 61.3%, respectively. The 3-year OS rates of the CTR, ITR, and PTR were 83.7%, 75.9%, and 69.7%, respectively (p<0.001); the 3-year RFS rates were 76.7%, 69.0%, and 52.1%, respectively (p<0.001). The 3-year OS rates of the CNR, INR, and PNR were 83.7%, 80.6%, and 61.8%, respectively (p<0.001); the 3-year RFS rates were 76.7%, 68.9%, and 44.3%, respectively (p<0.001). When compared to CTR / CNR, PTR / PNR was strongly related to an increased risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, 5.53; 95% CI, 2.01 to 15.23 / 6.37; 95% CI, 2.29 to 17.74) respectively in the univariate Cox regression. Therefore in the two models using multivariate Cox regression, both PTR and PNR were strongly associated to RFS and OS compared with CTR and CNR. Conclusions: The tissue response factor to neoadjuvant CRT is one surrogate marker for recurrence and oncologic outcomes and almost as important as the treatment response factor in rectal cancer patients treated with neo-adjuvant CRT.
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Adelson, Kerin B., Maureen Canavan, Sophia Mun, Cary Philip Gross, Naralys Sinanis, and Amy J. Davidoff. "The association between clinical trial (CT) participation, pharmaceutical costs, and savings performance in the Oncology Care Model (OCM)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.2.
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2 Background: The OCM is a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) alternative payment model, which seeks to curb costs while improving care for patients receiving systemic cancer therapy. CMS models the expected spending target for each 6-month episode using historical, geographic and clinical factors, including CTr participation. We evaluated the relationship between CTr participation, drug costs and performance in the OCM. Methods: We used claims for OCM episodes attributed to the Yale Cancer Center between July 2016 and July 2018. We stratified episodes by CTr participation and used t-tests and chi-square tests to compare total cost, drug costs (Part B, Part D and novel cancer therapies) and whether observed episode costs were above or below CMS targets. Analyses were conducted for the total sample and among the most common cancer types. Results: Among 9,387 OCM episodes (5,270 unique patients), 815 (8.7%) episodes involved a CTr. Among non-CTr patients, the mean Medicare cost per episode ($32,909) was modestly higher than the mean episode spending target ($31,746; p < 0.001), while in the CTr group, the mean Medicare cost per episode ($36,590) was substantially lower than the mean episode spending target ($48,124 p < 0.001). CTr episode costs were more likely to be under spending targets than non-CTr episodes (66% vs 56%, p < 0.001) overall and in breast, lung, and myeloma cancers, although only statistically significant for lung cancer (76% CTr vs 48% non-CTr, p < .001). Overall, non-CTr had significantly higher mean Part D drug costs per episode ($8,441 vs $3,893, p < 0.001), which was also noted among patients with lung cancer, ovarian cancer and lymphoma. Non-CTr episodes were also associated with higher mean novel therapies cost ($5,736) compared with CTr patient episodes ($4,346, p = 0.013). When comparing the sum of all other expenditures, CTr episodes were significantly associated with higher non-pharmaceutical expenditures than non-CTr episodes ($20,940 vs. $13,323, p < 0.001) overall. Conclusions: Episodes with CTr participation out-performed non-CTr episodes in achieving savings relative to CMS spending targets. Savings were driven by lower drug costs for the CTr episodes, particularly in the categories of Part D and novel cancer therapies. This suggests that CTr enrollment shifts costs for expensive pharmaceuticals away from CMS and toward the CTr study sponsor. Further research should explore whether this finding is generalizable to other cancer centers and payment models.
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García, Rubén G., Margarita Irizarry-Ramírez, Efraín F. Rivera, Carlamarie Noboa, José Moscoso-Álvarez, María E. González-Méndez, and Mildred I. R. Vázquez. "2140 Clinical and translational research (CTR) platform for undergraduate health sciences programs (UHSP) at University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus (UPR-MSC) and Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC): Pipeline for students and faculty." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.199.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus and Universidad Central del Caribe, through the Title V Cooperative Project, devised a clinical and translational research (CTR) platform to pipeline students/faculty of undergraduate health sciences programs into CTR. Educational interventions in CTR—introductory intervention (II) and Annual Symposium (AS)—were designed to promote awareness, stimulate interest of students and faculty in CTR. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In the II the participants (n=159) were surveyed before and after a presentation and panel discussion about CTR. In addition, after the sessions—plenary, panel, and workshop—about CTR, the participants of AS (n=42) were surveyed for satisfaction and learning experience in CTR. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Most participants of the II, 134 (84.3%) were students. In total, 58 (58, 36.5%) completed the post II survey. Of these, 53.4% satisfactorily defined the CTR concept Versus only 31.0% that could define CTR in the pre survey, 47 (81.7%) were unable to identify a CTR researcher and 45 (78.3 %) expressed interest in learning about CTR. In total, 28 (28, 66.7%) participants of the AS completed the satisfaction survey, out of which 17 (60.6%) were students. One hundred percent (100%) agreed that the AS served as a vehicle to increase their knowledge in CTR. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The educational interventions demonstrated to be an effective strategy to promote awareness and stimulate interest of students and faculty in CTR. In addition, the results obtained, provided valuable baseline information for the planning—development of training cycles in CTR.
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Adelson, Kerin B., Maureen Canavan, Sophia Mun, Cary Philip Gross, Naralys Sinanis, and Amy J. Davidoff. "The impact of clinical trial (CTr) participation on savings performance in the oncology care model (OCM)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19367-e19367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19367.
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e19367 Background: The OCM is a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) alternative payment model, which seeks to curb costs while improving care for patients receiving systemic cancer therapy. CMS models the expected total cost (spending target) for each 6-month episode using historical, geographic and clinical factors including CTr participation. We evaluated the relationship between CTr participation, actual cost of care and performance in the OCM. Methods: We used claims for OCM episodes attributed to the Yale Cancer Center between July 2016 and July 2018. We stratified episodes by CTr participation and used t-tests and chi-square tests to compare total cost, drug costs (Part B and D) and whether actual episode costs were above or below CMS targets. Analyses were conducted for the total sample, and among the most common cancer types. Results: Among 9,387 OCM episodes (5,270 unique patients), 815 (8.7%) episodes involved a CTr. Among non-CTr patients, the mean Medicare cost per episode ($32,909) was modestly higher than the mean episode spending target ($31,746; p < 0.001), while in the CTr group, the mean Medicare cost per episode ($36,590) was substantially lower than the mean episode spending target ($48,124 p < 0.001). Mean drug cost was lower with CTr vs without ($15,650 vs $19,587, p < 0.001). Drug costs also accounted for a lower percentage of total costs for episodes with CTr vs not (41% vs 57%). CTr episodes were more likely to meet spending targets than non-CTr episodes (66% vs 56%, p < 0.001) overall and in breast, lung, and myeloma cancers, although only statistically significant for lung cancer (76% CTr vs 48% non-CTr, p < 0.001). Mean difference between target and actual costs was greater for episodes with CTr (- $11,534) than for episodes without CTr (+ $1,163) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: On average, episodes with CTr participation had substantially lower costs compared with their spending targets, while non-CTr episodes had slightly higher costs compared with their spending targets. While total cost of care was higher for episodes with CTr (as the CMS model predicts), drug costs were significantly lower. As drugs comprise a large proportion of total cost, lower drug costs in CTr episodes likely contribute to savings. Additional research should explore whether other OCM centers with higher rates of CTr participation are more likely to meet spending targets in value-based payment models.
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Ørnsrud, R., E. J. Lock, C. N. Glover, and G. Flik. "Retinoic acid cross-talk with calcitriol activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Journal of Endocrinology 202, no. 3 (June 16, 2009): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0199.
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Vitamins A (VA) and D (VD) are metabolised by vertebrates to bioactive retinoic acid (RA) and calcitriol (CTR). RA and CTR involvement in bone metabolism requires fine-tuned regulation of their synthesis and breakdown. In mammals antagonism of VA and VD is observed, but the mechanism of interaction is unknown. We investigated VA–VD interactions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) following i.p. injection of RA and/or CTR. VA metabolites, CTR, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) were determined in plasma. Expression of bone matrix Gla protein (mgp), collagen 1 alpha2 chain (col1a2) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) mRNA was quantified to reflect osteogenesis. Branchial epithelial Ca channel (ecac listed as trpv6 in ZFIN Database) mRNA levels and intestinal Ca and P influx were determined to study Ca/P handling targets of RA and CTR. RA-injection (with or without CTR) decreased plasma CTR-levels three- to sixfold. CTR injection did not affect RA metabolites, but lowered CTR in plasma 3 and 5 days after injection. Lowered plasma CTR correlated with decreased mgp and col1a2 expression in all groups and with decreased alp in CTR-injected fish. RA-treated salmon had enhanced alp expression, irrespective of reduced plasma CTR. Expression of ecac and unidirectional intestinal influx of Ca were stimulated following RA–CTR treatment. Plasma Ca, Mg and P were not affected by any treatment. The results suggest cross-talk of RA with the VD endocrine system in Atlantic salmon. Enhanced Ca flux and osteogenesis (alp transcription) in RA-treated fish and inhibition of mgp expression revealed unprecedented disturbance of Ca physiology in hypervitaminosis A.
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Aldahish, Afaf, Ajay Kale, Ahmed Aljameeli, and Girish V. Shah. "Calcitonin induces stem cell-like phenotype in prostate cancer cells." Endocrine-Related Cancer 26, no. 11 (November 2019): 815–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-19-0333.
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Stem cell-like-cancer cells are key drivers of tumor growth, metastasis, and relapse of cancer following remission. Prostate stem cell-like cancer cells isolated from human prostate cancer (PC) biopsies express CD44+/α2β1 hi/CD133+ cell surface markers and can self-renew in vitro. Expression of calcitonin (CT) and its receptor (CTR) is frequently elevated in PCs and activation of CT-CTR axis in non-invasive PC cells induces an invasive phenotype. We investigated whether CT-CTR autocrine axis induces stem cell-like phenotype in two PC cell lines. CT-CTR axis in these cell lines was activated by enforced expression of CTR. The cells were then examined for the changes in the expression of CD44 and CD133, collagen adherence, tumorigenic, metastatic and repopulating characteristics. The activation of CT-CTR axis led to a large increase in adherence to collagen and a remarkable increase of CD44 and CD133 in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. This was accompanied by a strong increase in tumorigenic, metastatic and repopulation properties of PC cells. However, the mutation of CTR-C PDZ-binding site in CTR almost abolished CTR-mediated increases in stem cell-like characteristics of PC cells. These results support an important role for CT-CTR axis in the progression of PC from localized cancer to an aggressive form, and a majority of proinvasive CTR actions may be mediated through its interaction with its partner protein at the PDZ-binding site. These results suggest that CT/CTR can serve as a valuable target to prevent the generation of stem-like PC cells.
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Kwon, Hyeokdong, Young Beom Kim, Seog Chung Seo, and Hwajeong Seo. "High-Speed Implementation of PRESENT on AVR Microcontroller." Mathematics 9, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9040374.
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We propose the compact PRESENT on embedded processors. To obtain high-performance, PRESENT operations, including an add-round-key, a substitute layer and permutation layer operations are efficiently implemented on target embedded processors. Novel PRESENT implementations support the Electronic Code Book (ECB) and Counter (CTR). The implementation of CTR is improved by using the pre-computation for one substitute layer, two diffusion layer, and two add-round-key operations. Finally, compact PRESENT on target microcontrollers achieved 504.2, 488.2, 488.7, and 491.6 clock cycles per byte for PRESENT-ECB, 16-bit PRESENT-CTR (RAM-based implementation), 16-bit PRESENT-CTR (ROM-based implementation), and 32-bit PRESENT-CTR (ROM-based implementation) modes of operation, respectively. Compared with former implementation, the execution timing is improved by 62.6%, 63.8%, 63.7%, and 63.5% for PRESENT-ECB, 16-bit PRESENT-CTR (RAM based implementation), 16-bit PRESENT-CTR (ROM-based implementation), and 32-bit PRESENT-CTR (ROM-based implementation) modes of operation, respectively.
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Ou, Shih-Hsiang, Yi-Hsueh Liu, Tung-Ling Chung, Jiun-Chi Huang, Pei-Yu Wu, Ho-Ming Su, and Szu-Chia Chen. "Aortic Arch Calcification and Cardiomegaly Are Associated with Overall and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11070657.
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Patients with end-stage renal disease have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this study, we investigated the predictive ability of a combination of cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and aortic arch calcification (AoAC) for overall and cardiovascular mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis. We also evaluated the predictive power of AoAC and CTR for clinical outcomes. A total of 365 maintenance hemodialysis patients were included, and AoAC and CTR were measured using chest radiography at enrollment. We stratified the patients into four groups according to a median AoAC score of three and CTR of 50%. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify the risk factors of mortality. The predictive performance of the model for clinical outcomes was assessed using the χ2 test. Multivariable analysis showed that, compared to the AoAC < 3 and CTR < 50% group, the AoAC ≥ 3 and CTR < 50% group (hazard ratio [HR], 4.576; p < 0.001), and AoAC ≥ 3 and CTR ≥ 50% group (HR, 5.912; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased overall mortality. In addition, the AoAC < 3 and CTR ≥ 50% (HR, 3.806; p = 0.017), AoAC ≥ 3 and CTR < 50% (HR, 4.993; p = 0.002), and AoAC ≥ 3 and CTR ≥ 50% (HR, 8.614; p < 0.001) groups were significantly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Furthermore, adding AoAC and CTR to the basic model improved the predictive ability for overall and cardiovascular mortality. The patients who had a high AoAC score and cardiomegaly had the highest overall and cardiovascular mortality among the four groups. Furthermore, adding AoAC and CTR improved the predictive ability for overall and cardiovascular mortality in the hemodialysis patients.
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Ferrin, Peter C., Bergen K. Sather, Kelsi Krakauer, Timothy P. Schweitzer, Angelo B. Lipira, and Ravi F. Sood. "Revision Carpal Tunnel Release Following Endoscopic Compared With Open Decompression." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2024): e2352660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52660.
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ImportanceCarpal tunnel release (CTR) technique may influence the likelihood of revision surgery. Prior studies of revision CTR following endoscopic CTR (ECTR) compared with open CTR (OCTR) have been limited by sample size and duration of follow-up.ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of revision CTR following ECTR compared with OCTR in a national cohort.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the US Veterans Health Administration. Participants included all adults (age ≥18 years) undergoing at least 1 outpatient CTR from October 1, 1999, to May 20, 2021. Data were analyzed from May 21, 2021, to November 27, 2023.ExposureIndex CTR technique.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was time to revision CTR, defined as repeat ipsilateral CTR during the study period. Secondary outcomes were indications for revision, findings during revision, and additional procedures performed during revision.ResultsAmong 134 851 wrists from 103 455 patients (92 510 [89.4%] male; median [IQR] age, 62 [53-70] years) undergoing at least 1 CTR, 1809 wrists underwent at least 1 revision at a median (IQR) of 2.5 (1.0-3.8) years. In competing-risks analysis, the cumulative incidence of revision was 1.06% (95% CI, 0.99%-1.12%) at 5 years and 1.59% (95% CI, 1.51%-1.67%) at 10 years. ECTR was associated with increased hazard of revision CTR compared with OCTR (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.34-1.81; P &lt; .001). The risk difference for revision CTR associated with ECTR compared with OCTR was 0.57% (95% CI, 0.31%-0.84%) at 5 years (number needed to harm, 176) and 0.72% (95% CI, 0.36%-1.07%) at 10 years (number needed to harm, 139). Regardless of index CTR technique, the most common indication for revision was symptom recurrence (1062 wrists [58.7%]). A reconstituted transverse carpal ligament (TCL) was more common after ECTR compared with OCTR, whereas scarring of the overlying tissues and of the median nerve itself were more common following OCTR. Incomplete transverse-carpal-ligament release was observed in 251 of the wrists undergoing revision CTR (13.94%) and was more common among revisions following ECTR (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.11-2.37; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of revision CTR in the Veterans Health Administration, ECTR was associated with increased risk of revision compared with OCTR, but the absolute risk was low regardless of technique. Intraoperative findings at revision varied significantly according to index CTR technique.
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Bower, Rebekah L., Sajedeh Eftekhari, Henry J. Waldvogel, Richard L. M. Faull, János Tajti, Lars Edvinsson, Debbie L. Hay, and Christopher S. Walker. "Mapping the calcitonin receptor in human brain stem." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 310, no. 9 (May 1, 2016): R788—R793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00539.2015.
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The calcitonin receptor (CTR) is relevant to three hormonal systems: amylin, calcitonin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Receptors for amylin and calcitonin are targets for treating obesity, diabetes, and bone disorders. CGRP receptors represent a target for pain and migraine. Amylin receptors (AMY) are a heterodimer formed by the coexpression of CTR with receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). CTR with RAMP1 responds potently to both amylin and CGRP. The brain stem is a major site of action for circulating amylin and is a rich site of CGRP binding. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of these hormone systems by mapping CTR expression in the human brain stem, specifically the medulla oblongata. Widespread CTR-like immunoreactivity was observed throughout the medulla. Dense CTR staining was noted in several discrete nuclei, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, the hypoglossal nucleus, the cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, the gracile nucleus, and the inferior olivary nucleus. CTR staining was also observed in the area postrema, the lateral reticular nucleus, and the pyramidal tract. The extensive expression of CTR in the medulla suggests that CTR may be involved in a wider range of functions than currently appreciated.
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Peo, Hyungsun, Jun Gyu Lee, Yoonhee Kim, Don-Kyu Kim, Hyun Iee Shin, and Du Hwan Kim. "Analysis of Electrodiagnostic Recovery after Carpal Tunnel Release: A Retrospective Study." Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases 24, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18214/jend.2022.00080.
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Objective: We investigated the factors affecting electrodiagnostic (EDX) parameters after carpal tunnel release (CTR).Methods: Thirty-nine cases with clinically diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome who received CTR and EDX studies before and after CTR were enrolled in this study. We analyzed EDX parameters such as distal onset latency and the amplitude of median compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs).Results: Among 39 cases, 24 (61.5%) showed improvement of at least 1 grade, based on Bland’s scale, after CTR. Follow-up EDX studies were performed 6 to 36 months after CTR. Improvement on Bland’s scale was shown in 50% of patients who received follow-up EDX studies at 6 and 12 months after CTR and in all patients who received follow-up at 24 and 36 months. The EDX parameters showed significant recovery. Younger patients showed greater recovery of SNAP amplitude (p = 0.021, r = -0.369) after CTR. The preoperative severe group showed greater recovery of CMAP (both amplitude and latency) than the non-severe group (p = 0.011 and p = 0.038, respectively).Conclusion: We confirmed the effectiveness of CTR through EDX studies. Age and preoperative EDX severity can affect the recovery of EDX parameters after CTR.
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Fine, Howard I., Richard S. Hoffman, and Mark Packer. "Timing of CTR implantation." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 32, no. 7 (July 2006): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.01.109.
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Ahmed, Iqbal Ike K., and Amir Abadir. "Spontaneous IOL–CTR dislocation." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 33, no. 2 (February 2007): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.09.042.
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De Feo, Christopher J., Stephen G. Aller, Yariv Barkan, Maya Shcushan, Gnana Siluvai, Nir Ben-Tal, Ninian J. Blackburn, and Vinzenz M. Unger. "CTR Structure and Mechanism." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (February 2009): 2a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.004.
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Matthews, James, and R. Giles Harrison. "CTR Wilson Meeting 2016." Weather 73, no. 6 (April 30, 2018): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wea.3223.
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Chang, Hsu-Tung, Su-Feng Kuo, Shu-Hui Chen, Jen-Shiou Lin, Shu-Hui Lin, Chin-Fu Chang, Chih-Wen Twu, et al. "Critical Test Result Recall Supporting System (CTR RSS) Improves Follow-Up among Patients in the Community." Diagnostics 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051252.
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Follow-up care of patients in the community is an important topic for improving patient outcomes, especially when medical personnel receives a notification of the critical test result (CTR) when the CTR becomes available after patients have been out of hospital; how to recall the patient back to the hospital and follow-up treatment is essential for preventing the healthcare risk of neglecting or delayed intervention with respect to the patient’s CTR. We are concerned that the follow-up of CTR and timely recall of our patients in the community improves and facilitates patient safety. We built the CTR Recall Supporting System (RSS) to follow up and recall our patients in the community. Measures were introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of CTR RSS; the rate of return of patients within 7 days increased from 58.5% to 88.8%, an increase of 30.3%, the patients in the community’s return follow-up interval days decreased from 10.9 days to 6.2 days, reduced by 4.7 days (p < 0.001), and the mortality rate of the patients in the community within 48 h decreased from 8.0% to 1.9%, a decrease of 6.1%, p < 0.001. The implementation of the CTR RSS significantly increases the discharged patient in he community’s CTR return follow-up within 7 days rate, decreases CTR return follow-up interval days, and reduces the CTR mortality rate within 48 h. This effectively improves the effects of CTR on return follow-up visits and provides a prototype system for hospitals that intend to improve this issue.
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Tanomaru-Filho, Mario, Camila Almeida Nascimento, Norberto Batista Faria-Junior, Gisele Faria, and Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru. "Antimicrobial Activity of Root Canal Irrigants associated with Cetrimide against Biofilm and Planktonic Enterococcus faecalis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 5 (2014): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1586.
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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) alone or associated with cetrimide (CTR), and QMiX against biofilm and planktonic Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) [American type culture collection (ATCC) 29212]. Materials and methods The solutions 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% CTR, 2% CHX, 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR, 0.2% CTR, and QMiX were evaluated. E. faecalis biofilms were induced for 14 days on bovine dentin blocks. The irrigants were evaluated after contact with E. faecalis suspension and biofilm for 1 and 3 minutes. After that, serial decimal dilutions were made and plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium. Plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and the colony-forming unit (CFU) 1 ml was determined. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance. Results All microorganisms were eliminated by direct contact of the irrigants with planktonic cells. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR were able to completely eliminate the microorganisms by direct contact with E. faecalis biofilm. CHX presented effectiveness similar to CHX + CTR CTR, and QMiX after 1 minute of contact and similar to NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR after 3 minutes (p > 0.05), but was unable to completely eliminate the microorganisms. CTR and QMiX did not differ from each other. Conclusion CTR addition to CHX and NaOCl solutions did not improve the antimicrobial activity against biofilm. All evaluated irrigants and associations presented activity against planktonic E. faecalis. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR eliminated biofilm after 1 and 3 minutes of direct contact. Clinical relevance Addition of CTR does not modify the antibiofilm effectiveness of CHX and NaOCl. How to cite this article Nascimento CA, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria-Junior NB, Faria G, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Antimicrobial Activity of Root Canal Irrigants associated with Cetrimide against Biofilm and Planktonic Enterococcus Faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):603-607.
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He, Shan. "Development and Mode Innovation of Cultural Tourism Resource based on Industrial Integration." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 25, no. 4 (June 16, 2024): 2809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v25i4.2823.
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The cultural tourism industry contributes to the growth of both cultural and tourism industries. Cultural Tourism Resource (CTR) is the prerequisite for the integrated development of the cultural tourism industry. Developing potential CTR can promote the new transformation and upgrading of the urban cultural tourism industry. Luoyang has the advantages of location and resources in the development of CTR, but its tourism industry develops slowly. Therefore, Luoyang City was taken as the research object and the relevant evaluation index system was established. The entropy method and grey correlation model were used to analyze the development trend and influencing factors of the city’s CTR. The entropy values of the eight indicators of the evaluation system of CTR established in the study were all above 0.96, indicating that the evaluation system was relatively stable. The grey correlation degree of CTR of historical culture and folk customs was high, which was 0.668 and 0.642, respectively. The grey correlation degree of religious culture and calligraphy and painting CTR was low, which was 0.625 and 0.617, respectively. The CTR of historical culture and folk customs have developed well, but the resources of religious culture, calligraphy, and painting need to be improved. The knowledge of cultural tourism location theory and regional economic growth theory are applied. According to the evaluation results and problems of the development of CTR in Luoyang, this paper puts forward targeted strategies for CTR.
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Kwon, Jung-Taek, Mimi Lee, Gun-Baek Seo, Hyun-Mi Kim, Ilseob Shim, Doo-Hee Lee, Taksoo Kim, Jung Kwan Seo, Pilje Kim, and Kyunghee Choi. "Cytotoxic Effects of Air Freshener Biocides in Lung Epithelial Cells." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 9 (September 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800929.
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This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of mixtures of citral (CTR) and either benzisothiazolinone (BIT, Mix-CTR-BIT) or triclosan (TCS, Mix-CTR-TCS) in human A549 lung epithelial cells. We investigated the effects of various mix ratios of these common air freshener ingredients on cell viability, cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and DNA damage. Mix-CTR-BIT and Mix-CTR-TCS significantly decreased the viability of lung epithelial cells and inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, both mixtures increased ROS generation, compared to that observed in control cells. In particular, cell viability, growth, and morphology were affected upon increase in the proportion of BIT or TCS in the mixture. However, comet analysis showed that treatment of cells with Mix-CTR-BIT or Mix-CTR-TCS did not increase DNA damage. Taken together, these data suggested that increasing the content of biocides in air fresheners might induce cytotoxicity, and that screening these compounds using lung epithelial cells may contribute to hazard assessment.
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Weiskittel, Aaron R., Laura S. Kenefic, Rongxia Li, and John Brissette. "Stand Structure and Composition 32 Years after Precommercial Thinning Treatments in a Mixed Northern Conifer Stand in Central Maine." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/28.2.92.
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Abstract The effects of four precommercial thinning (PCT) treatments on an even-aged northern conifer stand in Maine were investigated by examining stand structure and composition 32 years after treatment. Replicated treatments applied in 1976 included: (1) control (no PCT), (2) row thinning (rowthin; 5-ft-wide row removal with 3-ft-wide residual strips), (3) row thinning with crop tree release (rowthin+CTR; 5-ft-wide row removal with crop tree release at 8-ft intervals in 3-ft-wide residual strips), and (4) crop tree release (CTR; release of selected crop trees at 8×8-ft intervals). PCT plots had more large trees and fewer small trees than the control in 2008. There were no other significant differences between the rowthin and control. The rowthin+CTR and CTR treatments had lower total and hardwood basal area (BA) and higher merchantable conifer BA than the control. CTR also resulted in more red spruce (Picea rubens [Sarg.]) and less balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.]) than the other treatments. Although stand structures for rowthin+CTR and CTR were similar, the percentage of spruce in CTR was greater. Although the less-intensive rowthin+CTR treatment may provide many of the same benefits as CTR, the latter would be the preferred treatment if increasing the spruce component of a stand is an objective. Overall, early thinning treatments were found to have long-term effects on key stand attributes, even more than 30 years after treatment in areas with mixed species composition and moderate site potential.
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Park, Sun Young, Zhengwei Cui, Beomjin Kim, Geuntae Park, and Young-Whan Choi. "Treatment with Gold Nanoparticles Using Cudrania tricuspidata Root Extract Induced Downregulation of MMP-2/-9 and PLD1 and Inhibited the Invasiveness of Human U87 Glioblastoma Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041282.
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In this study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-invasive effects of Cudrania tricuspidata root-gold nanoparticles (CTR-GNPs) using glioblastoma cells. We demonstrated the rapid synthesis of CTR-GNPs using UV-vis spectra. The surface morphology, crystallinity, reduction, capsulation, and stabilization of CTR-GNPs were analyzed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, CTR-GNPs displayed excellent photocatalytic activity as shown by the photo-degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B. Cell migration and invasion assays with human glioblastoma cells were performed to investigate the anti-invasive effect of CTR-GNPs on U87 cells that were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The results show that CTR-GNPs can significantly inhibit both basal and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced migration and invasion ability. Importantly, treatment with CTR-GNPs significantly decreased the levels of metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 and phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and protein but not PLD2, which is involved in the modulation of migration and the invasion of glioblastoma cells. These results present a novel mechanism showing that CTR-GNPs can attenuate the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells induced by PMA through transcriptional and translational regulation of MMP-2/-9 and PLD1. Taken together, our results suggest that CTR-GNPs might be an excellent therapeutic alternative for wide range of glioblastomas.
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Foster, Brock D., Lakshmanan Sivasundaram, Nathanael Heckmann, Jeremiah R. Cohen, William C. Pannell, Jeffrey C. Wang, and Alidad Ghiassi. "Surgical Approach and Anesthetic Modality for Carpal Tunnel Release." HAND 12, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944716643276.
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Background: Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is commonly performed for carpal tunnel syndrome once conservative treatment has failed. Operative technique and anesthetic modality vary by surgeon preference and patient factors. However, CTR practices and anesthetic trends have, to date, not been described on a nationwide scale in the United States. Methods: The PearlDiver Patient Records Database was used to search Current Procedural Terminology codes for elective CTR from 2007 to 2011. Anesthetic modality (eg, general and regional anesthesia vs local anesthesia) and surgical approach (eg, endoscopic vs open) were recorded for this patient population. Cost analysis, patient demographics, regional variation, and annual changes in CTR surgery were evaluated. Results: We identified 86 687 patients who underwent carpal tunnel surgery during this 5-year time period. In this patient sample, 80.5% of CTR procedures were performed using general or regional anesthesia, compared with 19.5% of procedures performed using local anesthesia; 83.9% of all CTR were performed in an open fashion, and 16.1% were performed using an endoscopic technique. Endoscopic surgery was on average $794 more expensive than open surgery, and general or regional anesthesia was $654 more costly than local anesthesia. Conclusions: In the United States, open CTR under local anesthesia is the most cost-effective way to perform a CTR. However, only a small fraction of elective CTR procedures are performed with this technique, representing a potential area for significant health care cost savings. In addition, regional and age variations exist in procedure and anesthetic type utilized.
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Eberlin, Kyle R., Benjamin P. Amis, Thomas P. Berkbigler, Christopher J. Dy, Mark D. Fischer, James L. Gluck, F. Thomas D. Kaplan, et al. "Final 1-Year Results of the TUTOR Randomized Trial Comparing Carpal Tunnel Release with Ultrasound Guidance to Mini-open Technique." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 3 (March 2024): e5665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005665.
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Background: Studies comparing carpal tunnel release with ultrasound guidance (CTR-US) to mini-open CTR (mOCTR) are limited. This randomized trial compared the efficacy and safety of these techniques. Methods: In this multicenter randomized trial, patients were randomized (2:1) to unilateral CTR-US or mOCTR. Outcomes included Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Symptom Severity Scale (BCTQ-SSS) and Functional Status Scale (BCTQ-FSS), numeric pain scale (0–10), EuroQoL-5 Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), scar outcomes, and complications over 1 year. Results: Patients received CTR-US (n = 94) via wrist incision (mean 6 mm) or mOCTR (n = 28) via palmar incision (mean 22 mm). Comparing CTR-US with mOCTR, the mean changes in BCTQ-SSS (−1.8 versus -1.8; P = 0.96), BCTQ-FSS (−1.0 versus −1.0; P = 0.75), numeric pain scale (−3.9 versus −3.8; P = 0.74), and EQ-5D-5L (0.13 versus 0.12; P = 0.79) over 1 year were comparable between groups. Freedom from scar sensitivity or pain favored CTR-US (95% versus 74%; P = 0.005). Complications occurred in 2.1% versus 3.6% of patients (P = 0.55), all within 3 weeks postprocedure. There was one revision surgery in the CTR-US group, and no revisions for persistent or recurrent symptoms in either group. Conclusions: CTR-US and mOCTR demonstrated similar improvement in carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms and quality of life with comparable low complication rates over 1 year of follow-up. CTR-US was performed with a smaller incision and associated with less scar discomfort.
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Klysik, Anna, Katarzyna Kaszuba-Bartkowiak, and Piotr Jurowski. "Axial Length of the Eyeball Is Important in Secondary Dislocation of the Intraocular Lens, Capsular Bag, and Capsular Tension Ring Complex." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6431438.
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Purpose. To analyze the patients with secondary dislocation of CTR and IOL within 5 years from cataract surgery, to determine predisposing factors.Methods. 16 eyes of 15 patients aged66.2±6.7(from 49 to 82) with CTR/IOL complex dislocation within 5 years from cataract surgery were compared with 26 patients aged67.1±7.2(from 53 to 85), implanted with CTR during cataract surgery to manage zonule dehiscence and did not dislocate for at least 5 years, in respect of cause, axial length and IOL power, refraction, coexistent pathology, and trauma.Results. Axial length of the eyeball was23.8±1.3(from 21 to 29) in the group of patients with CTR/IOL dislocation and20.7±1.2(from 19 to 24) in patients with no dislocation present (p=0.008). Crystalline lens dislocation was diagnosed before surgery in 13 of 16 patients with CTR/IOL complex dislocation as opposed to 7 of 26 eyes in the control group (p=0.01). Pseudoexfoliation was present in 50% and 58% in both groups, respectively. Traumatic dislocation was present in 8 patients, none of them with CTR/IOL dislocation (p=0.04).Conclusion. Longer axial length may contribute to the failure of the CTR to prevent in-the-bag IOL dislocation. Traumatic dislocation appears to be well fixed with the CTR.
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Watts, Allan. "Judith Thompson Casebook." Canadian Theatre Review 89 (December 1996): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.89.fm.
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In CTR 71 (Interrogating Theatrical Practice), I Richard Paul Knowles called for an ongoing dialogue about the material conditions which inform the process, performance and perception of theatre. Several subsequent issues, notably CTR 78 (Acting Training), CTR 82 (Creative Economies), CTR 84 (Canadian Theatre Artists Speak), and CTR 87 (Practising Canadian Dramaturgy), have focused on the practice of artists in our theatre. This issue, the first in CTR’s history devoted to the work of one playwright, continues this exploration with a casebook on Judith Thompson, featuring an inside look at the writer’s process and collaboration with actors in the workshop of Sled, her latest play.
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Kagimoto, Atsushi, Yasuhiro Tsutani, Takahiro Mimae, Yoshihiro Miyata, and Morihito Okada. "Segmentectomy versus lobectomy for solid predominant cN0 lung cancer: analysis using visual evaluation of positron emission tomography." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 61, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezab434.
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Abstract OBJECTIVES Prognosis after segmentectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a high consolidation tumour ratio (CTR) and [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) accumulation on positron emission tomography/computed tomography is unclear. METHODS Participants of this study were 465 patients who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy for clinical N0 NSCLC presenting solid component predominant tumour (CTR >50%) with a whole size ≤3 cm. Accumulations of FDG on positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans were scored according to the Deauville criteria, a 5-point visual evaluating method (Deauville score). The correlations between Deauville score, prognosis, and procedures were analysed. RESULTS Characteristics of pathological invasiveness, such as lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001) and pleural invasion (P < 0.001), and non-adenocarcinoma histologies (P < 0.001) were more common in patients with Deauville scores of 3–5. The cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) was higher in patients with Deauville scores of 3–5 (P < 0.001). The CIR after lobectomy and segmentectomy did not differ significantly among patients with Deauville scores of 1 or 2 (P = 0.598) or those with Deauville scores of 3–5 (P = 0.322). In the analysis of propensity score matched cohort, the CIR after lobectomy and segmentectomy did not differ significantly between patients with Deauville scores of 1 or 2 and Deauville scores of 3–5. CONCLUSIONS Segmentectomy may be feasible for NSCLC with high CTR (>50%) and accumulation of FDG. This finding should be confirmed in larger prospective studies.
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Irizarry-Ramírez, Margarita, Rubén García García, Edgardo Rosado Santiago, Lizbelle De Jesus-Ojeda, Efrain Flores Rivera, Juan C. Soto Santiago, and Maribel Campos n Rivera. "32097 Title V Medical Sciences Campus Project (TVMSC) : Clinical and Translational Research (CTR) with an Interdisciplinary/Entrepreneurship (IE) approach for Students and Faculty (UgS, UgF) from Undergraduate Programs (UgP) in Puerto Rico: an initiative for an early jumpstart in CTR and Scientific Entrepreneurship (SE) in a virtual scenario 2020-25." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.554.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: This presentation highlights an integrated curriculum in CTR and a scientific entrepreneurship approach to entice and support students and faculty in HP programs into CTR and SE thus expanding the pool of new minority CTR researchers. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To present the TVMSC as a hub for trainings, mentoring programs, courses, entrepreneurship and support activities for health professionals(HP) and HP students :graduate (GS) and UgS and UgF. Responding to the need for CTR minority researchers, in a virtual setting due to COVID-19 crisis. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: TVMSC will offer an educational program based in the Center for Research,Entrepreneurship and Scientific Collaboration (CRESCO) with on line courses and workshops in CTR and SE, for HP and students and a continued education curriculum for HP and clinician scientists toward a certification in CTR. Two hands-on experiences: a) a Pilot project program(PiP) with teams composed of an F, that previously completed training cycles and a research experience from a previous project in CTR as PI, with a research mentor and students or an established researcher as a PI with UgS and UgF, and b) participation in a SE team which will engage in training and submission of an SE project proposal. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: By the end of the five-year period the project will have had 200 UgS, 200 GS and 200 F that received online assistance in CTR skills, statistics and SE; 48 UgS and 48 GS with the skills in SEFL. In curricular development the project expects to have 6 online tutorials created, one FLSE online course and 18 modules in CTR content areas available for continued education of HP. Certifications in CTR will be completed by 160F/HPs. The expected participation in CTR on-hands experiences is 32 F, 64 students and 32 established researchers. PiP teams will publish at least 8 scientific papers and SEFL teams will submit at least 5 SE project proposals and 100% increase in CRESCO web based resources DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This Project and its expected results will provide students and faculty members island-wide with the knowledge, skills and experiences in CTR with IE approach to foster the expansion of a cadre of Hispanic minority CTR researchers in direct benefit of the health of the people of Puerto Rico.
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Chung, Tung-Ling, Yi-Hsueh Liu, Jiun-Chi Huang, Pei-Yu Wu, Hung-Pin Tu, Szu-Chia Chen, and Jer-Ming Chang. "Prognostic Implication of Longitudinal Changes in Cardiothoracic Ratio and Aortic Arch Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080788.
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Patients with end-stage renal disease have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Chest radiography can be used to assess cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and aortic arch calcification (AoAC). The aims of this longitudinal follow-up study were to investigate factors associated with changes in CTR and AoAC and understand whether these changes are associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We enrolled 260 patients undergoing HD who had at least two available chest X-rays from 2008 to 2015. CTR and AoAC were assessed in each patient using measurements from baseline and annual chest X-rays. The CTR increased from 49.05% to 51.86% and the AoAC score increased from 3.84 to 9.73 over 7 years. The estimated slopes were 0.24 (p < 0.0001) for CTR and 0.08 (p = 0.0441) for AoAC. Increased AoAC, older age, female sex, coronary artery disease, and decreased albumin were associated with an increase in CTR, and older age, cerebrovascular disease, decreased albumin, increased Kt/V, and the use of antiplatelet agents were associated with an increase in AoAC. During follow-up, 136 of the 260 (52.3%) patients died, of whom 72 died due to cardiovascular causes. The change in CTR was greater in those who died (p = 0.0125) than in those who survived. The AoAC score was also higher in those who died than in those who survived, although there was no significant difference in the change in AoAC between the two groups (p = 0.8035). CTR and AoAC increased significantly over time in the HD patients in this longitudinal follow-up study, and the change in CTR was greater in those who died than in those who survived. Chest radiography is a simple and useful tool to assess the progression of CTR and AoAC as a prognostic marker.
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Zhang, Sen, Qiang Fu, and Wendong Xiao. "Advertisement Click-Through Rate Prediction Based on the Weighted-ELM and Adaboost Algorithm." Scientific Programming 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2938369.
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Accurate click-through rate (CTR) prediction can not only improve the advertisement company’s reputation and revenue, but also help the advertisers to optimize the advertising performance. There are two main unsolved problems of the CTR prediction: low prediction accuracy due to the imbalanced distribution of the advertising data and the lack of the real-time advertisement bidding implementation. In this paper, we will develop a novel online CTR prediction approach by incorporating the real-time bidding (RTB) advertising by the following strategies: user profile system is constructed from the historical data of the RTB advertising to describe the user features, the historical CTR features, the ID features, and the other numerical features. A novel CTR prediction approach is presented to address the imbalanced learning sample distribution by integrating the Weighted-ELM (WELM) and the Adaboost algorithm. Compared to the commonly used algorithms, the proposed approach can improve the CTR significantly.
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Paushter, Aaron M., Devon W. Hague, Kari D. Foss, and William E. Sander. "Assessment of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex in neurologically abnormal cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 12 (May 28, 2020): 1200–1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x20917810.
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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the cutaneous trunci reflex (CTR) in a population of neurologically abnormal cats in regard to age, body condition score (BCS), sex, breed, evidence of traumatic injury, pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization and diagnostic classification. Methods A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify cats with a history of neurologic disease undergoing a complete neurologic assessment between 24 September 2012 and 20 March 2019. CTR outcome (present, absent), signalment, evidence of traumatic injury, pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization and diagnostic classification were recorded. Results A total of 182 cats were identified. The CTR was present in 118 cats (64.8%) and absent in 64 cats (35.2%). Statistical analysis revealed no association between CTR outcome and age, BCS, sex, breed, evidence of traumatic injury, non-spinal pain, known metabolic disease, mentation, neurolocalization or diagnostic classification. A significant association was found between spinal pain and CTR outcome ( P = 0.037). Conclusions and relevance These findings suggest that elicitation of the CTR in the cat can be unreliable. Further prospective controlled studies are warranted to determine whether continued inclusion of the CTR in feline neurologic examinations is justified. Consideration of the reliability of the CTR is indicated, particularly in the context of fractious or anxious patients for which only a limited window for examination may be present.
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Yamamoto, Michiro, James Curley, and Hitoshi Hirata. "Trends in Open vs. Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release: A Comprehensive Survey in Japan." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 4966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11174966.
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We analyzed trends in open and endoscopic carpal tunnel release (CTR) from 2014 to 2019 using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups in Japan (NDB). Japan has a universal health insurance system and more than 95% of all claims are searchable in the NDB open data repository. The results revealed that nearly 40,000 CTRs were performed annually in Japan, and open CTR was performed almost 4 times more often than endoscopic CTR. The crude annual incidence of CTR in the general population among people 20 years of age or older was 32.2 per 100,000. The incidence of open CTR peaked in the 80–84 age range for both males and females. The incidence of endoscopic CTR peaked at 80–84 years in females and at 75–79 years in males. There was a mild correlation coefficient between the endoscopic CTRs and the number of hand surgery specialists by prefecture per population (r = 0.32, p = 0.04). However, the number of hand surgeons per capita by region and open CTR per capita was not correlated (r = 0.06, p = 0.67). There were about twice as many outpatient as inpatient surgeries, reflecting a trend toward ambulatory treatment.
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Fischer, J. A., R. Muff, and W. Born. "Functional relevance of G-protein-coupled-receptor-associated proteins, exemplified by receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs)." Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0300455.
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The calcitonin (CT) receptor (CTR) and the CTR-like receptor (CRLR) are close relatives within the type II family of G-protein-coupled receptors, demonstrating sequence identity of 50%. Unlike the interaction between CT and CTR, receptors for the related hormones and neuropeptides amylin, CT-gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM) require one of three accessory receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) for ligand recognition. An amylin/CGRP receptor is revealed when CTR is co-expressed with RAMP1. When complexed with RAMP3, CTR interacts with amylin alone. CRLR, initially classed as an orphan receptor, is a CGRP receptor when co-expressed with RAMP1. The same receptor is specific for AM in the presence of RAMP2. Together with human RAMP3, CRLR defines an AM receptor, and with mouse RAMP3 it is a low-affinity CGRP/AM receptor. CTR-RAMP1, antagonized preferentially by salmon CT-(8–32) and not by CGRP-(8–37), and CRLR-RAMP1, antagonized by CGRP-(8–37), are two CGRP receptor isotypes. Thus amylin and CGRP interact specifically with heterodimeric complexes between CTR and RAMP1 or RAMP3, and CGRP and AM interact with complexes between CRLR and RAMP1, RAMP2 or RAMP3.
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Vidyapati Mangunkusumo, Denny Agustiningsih, Suhardjo SU, Wasisdi Gunawan, Tjahjono D Gondhowiardjo, and Wahyu Srigutomo. "Refraction Outcome after Phacoemulsification in High Myopia with and without a Capsular Tension Ring." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 12, no. 4 (July 19, 2021): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v12i4.16575.
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Purpose: To compare the refraction outcomes after phacoemulsification in high myopia implanted withand without a capsular tension ring. Material and methods: This retrospective study reviewed all patientswith an axial length of 26 mm or more and had phacoemulsification with an intraocular lens (IOL) betweenJanuary to December 2019. Pre-surgery biometric measurement and IOL power calculation were performedby the Barret Universal II formula. The chosen IOL power to be implanted with the predictive refractiveoutcome (PRO) was recorded. One month post-surgery, auto-refractive objective refraction in SphericalEquivalent (SE) was measured and compared to the PRO. Results: Fifty four eyes from 38 patients hada mean age of 57.15 + 9.73 (SD). In the non-CTR group, significant statistical difference between the preto post-surgery outcomes of objective refraction was observed (p = 0.007), while in the CTR group therewas no significant statistical difference (p = 0.830). The CTR achieved an accuracy of 0.01 D + 0.32 (p= 0.010) against -0.36 D + 0.55 in the non-CTR group. The CTR group, also reached 88.5% PRO for farvision compared to 53.6% in non-CTR group (p=0.005). Conclusion: Phacoemulsification with CTR inhigh myopia resulted in better predictive outcomes.
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Corley, Robin P., Chandra A. Reynolds, Sally J. Wadsworth, Sally-Ann Rhea, and John K. Hewitt. "The Colorado Twin Registry: 2019 Update." Twin Research and Human Genetics 22, no. 6 (November 11, 2019): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2019.50.
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AbstractThe Colorado Twin Registry (CTR) is a population-based registry formed from birth and school records including twins born between 1968 and the present. Two previous reports on the CTR [Rhea et al., (2006). Twin Research and Human Genetics, 9, 941–949; Rhea et al., (2013).Twin Research and Human Genetics, 16, 351–357] covered developments in the CTR through 2012. This report briefly summarizes previously presented material on ascertainment and recruitment and the relationships between samples and studies, discusses developments since 2012 for four previously described twin samples, describes two new samples and their complementary studies and expands on two subjects briefly mentioned in the last report: a history of genotyping efforts involving CTR samples, and a survey of collaborations and consortia in which CTR twins have been included. The CTR remains an active resource for both ongoing, longitudinal research and the recruitment of new twin samples for newly identified research opportunities.
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Alotaibi, Nasser H., Muhammad Usman Munir, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Khalid Saad Alharbi, Ayesha Ihsan, Alanood S. Almurshedi, Ikram Ullah Khan, Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari, Mubashar Rehman, and Naveed Ahmad. "Synthesis and Characterization of Antibiotic–Loaded Biodegradable Citrate Functionalized Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite Nanocarriers as an Alternative Treatment for Bone Infections." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050975.
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The continuing growth of bacterial resistance makes the top challenge for the healthcare system especially in bone-infections treatment. Current estimates reveal that in 2050 the death ratio caused by bacterial infections can be higher than cancer. The aim of this study is to provide an alternative to currently available bone-infection treatments. Here we designed mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanocarriers functionalized with citrate (Ctr–mpHANCs). Amoxicillin (AMX) is used as a model drug to load in Ctr–mpHANCs, and the drug loading was more than 90% due to the porous nature of nanocarriers. Scanning electron microscopy shows the roughly spherical morphology of nanocarriers, and the DLS study showed the approximate size of 92 nm. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and pore diameter was found to be about 182.35 m2/g and 4.2 nm, respectively. We noticed that almost 100% of the drug is released from the AMX loaded Ctr–mpHANCs (AMX@Ctr–mpHANCs) in a pH-dependent manner within 3 d and 5 d at pH 2.0 and 4.5, respectively. The sustained drug release behaviour was observed for 15 d at pH 7.4 and no RBCs hemolysis by AMX@Ctr–mpHANCs. The broth dilution and colony forming unit (CFU) assays were used to determine the antimicrobial potential of AMX@Ctr–mpHANCs. It was observed in both studies that AMX@Ctr–mpHANCs showed a significant reduction in the bacterial growth of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa as compared to Ctr–mpHANCs with no bacteria-killing. Thus, we proposed that Ctr–mpHANCs can be used as a drug carrier and a treatment option for bone infections caused by bacteria.
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Amen, Troy B., Kaveh A. Torabian, Tejas Subramanian, Brian W. Yang, Adriana Liimakka, and Duretti Fufa. "Quality of ChatGPT Responses to Frequently Asked Questions in Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 5 (May 2024): e5822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005822.
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Background: Although demonstrating remarkable promise in other fields, the impact of artificial intelligence (including ChatGPT in hand surgery and medical practice) remains largely undetermined. In this study, we asked ChatGPT frequently asked patient-focused questions surgeons may receive in clinic from patients who have carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) and evaluated the quality of its output. Methods: Using ChatGPT, we asked 10 frequently asked questions that hand surgeons may receive in the clinic before carpel tunnel release (CTR) surgery. Included questions were generated from the authors’ own experiences regarding conservative and operative treatment of CTS. Results: Responses from the following 10 questions were included: (1) What is CTS and what are its signs and symptoms? (2) What are the nonsurgical options for CTS? (3) Should I get surgery for CTS? (4) What is a CTR and how is it preformed? (5) What are the differences between open and endoscopic CTR? (6) What are the risks associated with CTR and how frequently do they occur? (7) Does CTR cure CTS? (8) How much improvement in my symptoms can I expect after CTR? (9) How long is the recovery after CTR? (10) Can CTS recur after surgery? Conclusions: Overall, the chatbot provided accurate and comprehensive information in response to most common and nuanced questions regarding CTS and CTR surgery, all in a way that would be easily understood by many patients. Importantly, the chatbot did not provide patient-specific advice and consistently advocated for consultation with a healthcare provider.
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Watanabe-Galloway, Shinobu, Paul Estabrooks, David Palm, Sean Navarrette, Heidi Keeler, Keyonna King, and Emily Frankel. "91756 A participatory approach to develop regional health priorities for clinical and translational research." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.749.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Regional health issues can be best addressed at the population-level and input from the communities is vital for prioritization of health issues. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Great Plains IDeA-CTR (GP IDeA-CTR) was developed to increase clinical and translational research (CTR) that can address regional health priorities. Here we describe a collaborative process used to identify regional health priorities using existing surveillance data and community input. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We used a participatory approach that included a partnership between the GP IDeA CTR Community-Engagement and Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Cores to ensure priorities were data driven and also aligned with community-based perceptions of need. First, aggregated surveillance data across Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota was presented to the GP IDeA CTR Community Advisory Board (CAB). Second, CAB members formed small groups and considered the information and generated priority health area lists. Third, small group lists were considered and discussed by the full CAB to finalize priority areas. Finally, the CAB reviewed the priorities annually thereafter. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We identified priority areas for CTR that included (1) behavioral health, (2) injury prevention, (3) obesity, (4) technology to improve health care access, (5) connecting clinical/community services, and (5) addressing health disparities. These priorities align with population-based surveillance data that show lack of mental health care access, high prevalence of obesity, higher incidence of accidents, and existing racial, ethnic, and geographic health disparities. The CAB highlighted that research was also needed to improve how people can access the health innovations developed through CTR to address the other priority health issues with a goal to have an impact on population health. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: By integrating data- and community-driven approaches we identified regional health priority areas that if addressed, can have significant impact in the GP IDeA CTR region. The priorities are listed on all GP IDeA-CTR funding announcements to encourage CTR in these areas.
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Wu, Junyu, Bin Wang, Bingxing Wang, R. D. K. Misra, and Zhaodong Wang. "Influence of Inter-Pass Cooling on Microstructural Evolution and Plastic Deformation of Heavy EH47 Plates." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101686.
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Herein, the influence of inter-pass cooling (IC) and conventional two-stage rolling (CTR), on microstructural evolution and plastic deformation behavior of ultra-heavy EH47 plates, is demonstrated. It is reported that the deformation amount and deformation rate, in every deformation pass during rough rolling, at 1/4- and 1/2-thickness of IC steel were higher than the CTR steel. The volume fraction of ferrite and acicular ferrite was 45% and 18%, at 1/4-thickness, and 35% and 50% at 1/2-thickness of IC steel, respectively, whereas the sum of both ferrite phases was smaller than 25% in the CTR steel. The austenite grain boundary area and high-angle grain boundary fraction in the IC steel were higher than the CTR steel. The high density of fine and shapeless pearlite has been observed in IC steel, whereas large-size carbides, with hexagonal structure, have been observed in CTR steel. Compared to the CTR steel, the density of precipitates was apparently lower in IC steel. Two kinds of Nb containing precipitates, such as (Ti, Nb)(C, N) and (Nb, Ti)C, were observed in the tested steels. Total ductility and uniform elongation of the IC steel were higher than the CTR steel. During the tensile process, the crack initiation energy and crack propagation energy of the IC steel were higher than the CTR steel. Moreover, the volume fraction of retained austenite (FCC) was reduced from 7.71% to 0.42% near the tensile fracture in IC steel at 1/4-thickness. In additon, the strain of synergetic plastic deformation of the IC steel was higher than the CTR steel. Meanwhile, compared to the CTR steel, the synergetic plastic deformation of the IC steel occurred at low stress after the yield point, which can be ascribed to the presence of fewer microcracks in the IC steel. Hence, a delayed fracture has been observed in the IC steel plate.
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Chia, Msuega Daniel, Hameed Mohammad, Terkimbi Isaac Annongu, Okwunu Rose Abah, Ramatu Abdallah, Aliyu Abdullahi, Aondoaseer Alexis Ugande, and Kator Paul Iorpagher. "Radiographic assessment of the cardiothoracic ratio in the pediatric age group at a tertiary institution in North-Central Nigeria." Calabar Journal of Health Sciences 6 (November 26, 2022): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_6_2022.
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Objectives: The most common method for detecting cardiomegaly and calculating the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is through the use of chest radiography. Since 1919, when the CTR was first described, there has been an interest in its utility as a predicator of heart size, leading to a lot of research, notably in the adult Caucasian population. However, in the African pediatric age group, there is paucity of data on this subject. We aim to establish normative data on CTR and its determinants in Nigerian children aged 1–15 years, using chest radiographs. Material and Methods: This was a 7-month observational analytical study assessing chest radiographs of healthy children aged 1–15 years at the Radiology Department of Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, from May to November 2021. The respondents’ biometrics and chest radiographs were obtained after the protocol was authorized by the institutional Health Research Ethics Committee. The CTR was calculated using measurements of the maximum transverse cardiac diameter (MTCD) and the maximum internal thoracic width (MITW). The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26, and Microsoft Excel 2017. The statistical significance level was selected at P ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 150 pediatric chest radiographs were evaluated, with a male: female ratio of 1.4:1. The study population’s mean age was 6.9 ± 4.8 years. There was a steady decrease in CTR with increasing age across the sexes. The mean CTR of the general population was 49.3%. Weight, height, age, and MITW correlated negatively but statistically significantly with CTR (P = 0.000), while the correlation of CTR with race, MTCD, and sex was not statistically significant (P = 0.657, 0.688, and 0.692, consecutively). Conclusion: The result of the study has established 49.3% as the mean CTR value of the pediatric age group in our environment. We also found out that CTR was significantly influenced by weight, height, age, and thoracic size (MITW).