Journal articles: 'CU 3000'

1

Hook, Michael David, Michael Mayer, and Stevan Hunter. "High Temperature Storage Reliability of Bond Resistance of Palladium-Coated Copper Ball Bonds." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 000432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-wp42_135.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Reliability of wire bonds made with palladium-coated copper (PCC) wire of 25 μm diameter is studied by measuring the wire bond resistance increase over time in high temperature storage at 225 °C. Ball bonds are made on two bond pad thicknesses and tested with and without mold compound encapsulation. Bond pads are aluminum copper (Al-0.5%Cu), 800 nm and 3000 nm thick. The wirebonding pattern is arranged to facilitate 4-wire resistance measurements of 12 bond pairs in each 28-pin ceramic test package. The ball bonding recipe is optimized to minimize splash on 3000 nm Al-0.5%Cu with shear strength at least 120 MPa. Ball bond diameter is 61 μm and height is 14 μm. Measurements include bond shear test data and in-situ resistance before and during high temperature storage. Bonds on 3000 nm pads are found to be significantly more reliable than bonds on 800 nm pads within 140 h of aging.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Wagener, Karolin, Dennis Renisch, Meike Schinnerer, Matthias Worm, Yvonne Jakob, Klaus Eberhardt, and Frank Rösch. "Copper-catalyzed click reactions: quantification of retained copper using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I), exemplified for CuAAC reactions on liposomes." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 7 (July 26, 2019): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-3000.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a powerful, highly reliable and selective reaction which allows for a rapid synthesis in high yields and under mild conditions (pH, temperature). However, the cytotoxicity of copper requires its complete removal prior to an application in vivo. This is an issue especially when it comes to CuAAC reactions on macromolecular structures or drug delivery systems, as copper might be retained by these systems. Thus, a quantification of the final copper content of these systems is inevitable, which we exemplified for a CuAAC reaction on liposomes using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I). In this respect, a Cu(II) nitrate solution was irradiated at the TRIGA Mark II research reactor Mainz to obtain c.a. [64Cu]Cu(II). The irradiated solution was directly used for a CuAAC on liposomes. After purification, their copper content was calculated utilizing γ-ray spectrometry. Only 0.018% of the added 64Cu-activity was still present in the liposome containing fractions after purification. This refers to a total amount of copper of 0.17 ng. The amount of retained copper is so low, that an in vivo application of the liposomes is absolutely reasonable. Besides this particular study, the experimental methodology may be applied to study many other CuAAC reactions, used for the synthesis of radiolabeled or non-radioactive species, which are intended for human applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Saefuloh, Iman, Agus Pramono, Muhamad Latief, and Hesti Istiqlaliyah. "Pengaruh Variasi Putaran Terhadap Nilai Kekerasan, Kekuatan Tarik dan Struktur Mikro Alumunium Matrix Composite (AMC) Hasil Stir Casting Dengan Paduan Mg dan SiC yang Berlebih." Jurnal Mesin Nusantara 2, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/jmn.v2i2.13986.

Full text

Abstract:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh perubahan parameter proses terhadap kekerasan, kuat tarik, dan struktur mikro alumunium matrix composite (AMC) dengan komposisi Al5%Cu-12%Mg-15%SiC setelah melalui proses perubahan varian kecepatan putar, dimana kecepatan stir casting adalah 1000, 2000 dan 3000 rpm. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan nilai kekerasan tertinggi dicapai pada kecepatan putar 3000 rpm yaitu 105,6 BH dan nilai kuat tarik tertinggi dicapai pada putaran 2000 rpm yaitu 72,7 N/mm2, dan hasil pengamatan struktur mikro menunjukan penguat unsur C, Mg dan SiC lebih merata pada kecepatan putar 2000 dan 3000 rpm. Dari perbedaan perubahan nilai kekerasan, kuat tarik dan struktur mikro tersebut membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh parameter proses perubahan kecepatan putar stir casting terhadap nilai kekerasan, kuat tarik dan struktur mikro AMC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Steinhoff, Patrick, Melanie Paul, Julian P. Schroers, and Michael E. Tauchert. "Highly efficient palladium-catalysed carbon dioxide hydrosilylation employing PMP ligands." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 3 (2019): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt03777a.

Full text

Abstract:

A series of zero-valent Pd complexes featuring PMP ligands (M = Li^I, Cu^I, Zn^II) is reported. An excellent activity in chemoselective CO₂ hydrosilylation producing silyl formate is observed (TOF_1/2 = 3000 h⁻¹).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Cao, Qi-Long, Pan-Pan Wang, and Duo-Hui Huang. "Revisiting the Stokes–Einstein relation for glass-forming melts." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 4 (2020): 2557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04984c.

Full text

Abstract:

Molecular dynamics simulations of Ni₃₆Zr₆₄, Cu₆₅Zr₃₅ and Ni₈₀Al₂₀ were carried out over a broad range of temperature (900–3000 K) to investigate the Stokes–Einstein (SE) relation for glass-forming melts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Folkerts, T. J., M. J. Kramer, K. W. Dennis, and R. W. McCallum. "Melt-spin processing of YBa2Cu3O7−x." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 10 (October 1991): 2035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2035.

Full text

Abstract:

We introduce a novel containerless melt-spin processing technique for YBa2Cu3O7−x using prereacted oxide powders that are rapidly melted and subsequentially quenched in a controlled atmosphere. This results in flakes with typical dimensions of 3000 × 150 × 15 μm3. Powder XRD indicates that all samples contain Y2O3, but that the Ba–Cu–O phases present depend on the processing parameters. SEM and TEM studies show these phases are finely dispersed: the typical grain size for Y2O3 is 1–2 μm, and for the Ba–Cu–O phases it is <0.5 μm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

MATSUO, J., M. AKIZUKI, J. NORTHBY, G. H. TAKAOKA, and I. YAMADA. "SPUTTERING WITH GAS CLUSTER-ION BEAMS." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (February 1996): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96001820.

Full text

Abstract:

A high-current (~100 nA) cluster-ion-beam equipment with a new mass filter has been developed to study the energetic cluster-bombardment effects on solid surfaces. A dramatic reduction of Cu concentration on silicon surfaces has been achieved by 20-keV Ar cluster (N~3000) ion bombardment. The removal rate of Cu with cluster ions is two orders of magnitude higher than that with monomer ions. A significantly higher sputtering yield is expected for cluster-ion irradiation. An energetic cluster-ion beam is quite suitable for removal of metal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Chen, Zhi Lin, Xiang Bing Liu, Yi Chu Wu, Rong Shan Wang, Fei Xue, Ping Huang, Chao Liang Xu, and Wang Jie Qian. "Positron Annihilation and TEM Characterization of Cu-Enriched Clusters in the Ferritic Steels Containing Copper." Defect and Diffusion Forum 373 (March 2017): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.373.150.

Full text

Abstract:

Nanosized Cu-enriched clusters formed in Cu-containing reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels during service have a deleterious effect on mechanical properties, which can result in RPV embrittlement and limit reactor operation life. To understand the effect of Cu-enriched clusters (CECs) behavior on mechanical properties, thermal aging at 370°C for times up to 13200 h was performed on the high-copper ferritic steels. The microstructure evolution of CECs was investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the CECs formed after aging times up to 3000 h, which composition is composed of Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Si, are 9R structures. The CECs lead to precipitation hardening/embrittlement effects. The changes of hardness have a linear relationship with transition temperature shifts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Tanimoto, Satoshi, Kohei Matsui, Yusuke Zushi, Shinji Sato, Yoshinori Murakami, Masato Takamori, and Takashi Iseki. "Eutectic Zn-Al Die Attachment for Higher Tj SiC Power Applications: Fabrication Method and Die Shear Strength Reliability." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, HITEC (January 1, 2012): 000110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-2012-tp22.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper comprehensively describes the fabrication method and shear strength reliability of a eutectic Zn-Al (m.p. = 382°C) attachment system, built by soldering SiC dies (2×2 mm2) onto Cu foil active-metal-brazed with a SiN ceramic plate. Four essential soldering conditions are presented and discussed for the formation of a strong and reproducible attachment. Die shear strength reliability data at Tj = 250°C are reported here for the first time. Storage tests at 250°C revealed that, after an initial slight decline, die shear strength stayed virtually constant at a sufficient level (∼110 MPa) for at least 3000 hours. Thermal cycle test results indicated that the attachments can withstand thermal cycle stress for 3000 cycles between −40°C and 250°C. The average die shear strength after 3000 cycles was 18.5 MPa, a value that is three times higher than the IEC standard of 6.2 MPa specified in Document 60749-19.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Burton, Edward D., Ian R. Phillips, Darryl W. Hawker, and Dane T. Lamb. "Copper behaviour in a Podosol. 1. pH-dependent sorption - desorption, sorption isotherm analysis, and aqueous speciation modelling." Soil Research 43, no. 4 (2005): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04117.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of pH and Cu loading on the solid/solution partitioning of Cu in a Podosol from south-east Queensland, Australia was examined. Sorption–desorption of Cu exhibited maximum linear distribution coefficients (KD) at approximately pH 5. Observed decrease in KD values at pH >5 was attributed to increased solubility of native dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at higher pH and subsequent formation of non-sorbing Cu–DOC complexes. Speciation modelling with the MINTEQA2 code indicated that >90% of aqueous Cu was present as Cu–DOC complexes at pH >5.5. The effect of Cu loading was examined with sorption isotherm analysis at pH 5 using solid : solution ratio approaches that were both constant (1 : 2 and 1 : 10) and variable. As the solid : solution ratio increased, the proportion of Cu sorbed decreased due to the formation of Cu-DOC complexes. However, this effect was negligible once these Cu–DOC complexes were accounted for via free Cu2+ sorption isotherms. This indicated that Cu2+ sorption at concentrations <0.08 mg/L was described by a KD value of approximately 3000 L/kg. Despite this relatively high KD value for Cu2+ sorption, the results indicate that Cu–DOC complexes significantly enhance Cu solubility in soils high in DOC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Liu, Kai, Ya Feng Cao, Yuan Li, Zhao Li Liu, and Feng Zhi Tan. "R-ATRP of Acrylamide under the Action of Copper Complex System in Aqueous Two-Phase." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.430.

Full text

Abstract:

Polyacrylamide (PAM) was synthesized by combining reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (R-ATRP) with aqueous two-phase polymerization. In aqueous two-phase system, polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG20000) is used as dispersing agent, potassium persulfate (KPS) and Cu(en)2+are used as initiator and control agent, respectively. In this paper the effect of monomer concentration, the amount of Cu(en)2+, reaction temperature, the ratio of Cu(Ⅱ), and ethylenediamine (en) were investigated. The experimental result shows the optimum conditions are as follows: m(AM)∶m(PEG)=1∶1, the monomer concentration is 10%, n(AM)∶n(CuCl2•2H2O)∶n(en)∶n(KPS)=3000∶10∶20∶1, polymerization time is 6 h, and polymerization temperature is 45°C. Under these conditions, the monomer conversion is 91.5%，the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9911.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Lin, Jia-Horng, Ting An Lin, Ting Ru Lin, Jia-Ci Jhang, and Ching-Wen Lou. "Processing techniques and properties of metal/polyester composite plain material: Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and far-infrared emissivity." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 3 (June 17, 2018): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718783315.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, a composite plain material is composed of woven fabrics containing metal wire with shielding ability and polyester filament that can provide flexibility and far-infrared emissivity. Furthermore, a wrapping process is used to form metal/far-infrared–polyester wrapped yarns, which are then made into metal/far-infrared–polyester woven fabrics. The effects of using stainless steel wire, Cu (copper) wire, or Ni–Cu (nickel-coated copper) wire on the wrapped yarns and woven fabrics are examined in terms of tensile properties, electrical properties, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Moreover, SS+Cu+Ni-Cu woven fabrics have maximum tensile strength, while SS+Ni-Cu woven fabrics have the maximum elongation and SS+Cu+Ni-Cu woven fabrics have the lowest surface resistivity. Stainless steel composite woven fabrics have far-infrared emissivity of 0.89 when they are composed of double layers. electromagnetic shielding effectiveness test results indicate that changing the number of lamination layers and lamination angle has a positive influence on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of woven fabrics. In particular, SS+Cu+Ni-Cu woven fabrics exhibit electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of −50 dB at a frequency of 2000–3000 MHz when they are laminated with three layers at 90°.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Cheng, Shou Chang, and Kwang Lung Lin. "Interfacial evolution between Cu and Pb–free Sn–Zn–Ag–Al solders upon aging at 150 °C." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 8 (August 2003): 1795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0249.

Full text

Abstract:

The interfacial intermetallic formation at 150 °C between Cu and various solders, including Sn–9Zn, Sn–8.55Zn–1Ag, and Sn–8.55Zn–1Ag–XAl was investigated. The Al contents X of the quaternary solder alloys investigated were 0.01–0.45 wt.%. The compositions and the growth kinetics of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were investigated. The IMC consisted of three layers for Sn–9Zn/Cu, Sn–Zn–Ag/Cu, and Sn–Zn–Ag–XAl/Cu specimens after aging for 100–600 h. These three layers included the Cu3(Zn, Sn) phase adjacent to the solder, the Cu6(Sn, Zn)5 phase in the middle, and the Cu–rich phase near to Cu. For long–term aging time over 1000 h, the Cu6(Sn, Zn)5 phase grew, while the Cu3(Zn, Sn) phase diminished. Al segregation formed in the IMC for all of the Sn–Zn–Ag–XAl/Cu specimens after aging.Cracks formed, when aged for 1000 h, at the solder/IMC interface or within the IMC layer for the following solders: Sn–9Zn, Sn–8.55Zn–1Ag, Sn–8.55Zn–1Ag–0.1Al, Sn–8.55Zn–1Ag–0.25Al, and Sn–8.55Zn–1Ag–0.45Al. The crack was not detected up to 3000 h for the Sn–8.55Zn–1Ag–0.01Al/Cu couple, of which the IMC growth rate was the slowest among all solders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Mehditabar, Aref, Seyed E. Vahdat, and Gholam-Hossein Rahimi. "Investigation of fatigue behavior of centrifuged series 3000 Al with addition of 26 wt% Cu." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 10 (July 8, 2020): 1375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720939606.

Full text

Abstract:

More than 70% of mechanical parts in a wide range of engineering fields fail by fatigue. In addition, centrifugal casting is identified as the most effective casting technique for production of high performance cylindrical parts. In this regard, the present work aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of series 3000 Al with addition of 26 wt% Cu produced through horizontal centrifugal casting method. Microstructure characterizations are precisely studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with image analyzer software. Also, compressive behavior, hardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and wear rate ( Wr) are measured applying Zwick Z100, Vickers hardness, DIL 805A/D, and pin-on-disc machines, respectively. The results indicate that the main intermetallic compound is Al2Cu-based particle, and a volume fraction of 31 vol.% is obtained. Besides, the compressive strength of 460 MPa, elastic modulus of 10.986 GPa, hardness of 152 HV, coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.7 × 10−5 1/°C, and wear resistance of 3.3 × 10−6 g/mm2 are measured. Finally, the four-point bending fatigue test is performed and the fatigue ratio of 0.109 at about 106 cycles to failure is obtained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Wang, Ye, Maoliang Hu, Hongyu Xu, Zesheng Ji, Xuefeng Wen, and Xiaodong Liu. "Effect of isothermal process parameters on semi-solid microstructure of chip-based Al–Cu–Mn–Ti alloy prepared by SIMA method." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 33 (August 11, 2020): 2050385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920503856.

Full text

Abstract:

A typical Al–Cu–Mn–Ti aluminum alloy chip was adopted to prepare semi-solid billets by a Strain-Induced Melt Activation (SIMA) method, and the effects of isothermal process parameters on the semi-solid microstructure evolution of the alloy were investigated in this work. The result showed that semi-solid billets with highly spheroidal and homogeneous fine grains could be prepared from chips by the SIMA method. With the increase of isothermal temperature, the finer and near-spherical grains are obtained, the grains coarsen and became ellipse at 903 K because of the coarsening mechanisms of coalescence and Ostwald ripening. The relationship of isothermal holding time and grains size followed the LSW theory well, and more spherical microstructure can be brought by prolonging the holding time until 3000 s. Thus, the optimal isothermal treatment temperature is 893 K and holding time is 3000 s, the corresponding average size and roundness of grains are 137 [Formula: see text]m and 1.108, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Zeng, Yuan, Zhicheng Li, Caiyun Gao, Guoxiang Jiang, and Hong Zhang. "Electrical conductivity and temperature sensitivity of Cu/Mo co-modified YFeoO ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 15, no. 2 (2021): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2102195z.

Full text

Abstract:

To develop a new kind of thermistor with the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behaviour, the Cu/Mo co-doped YFeO3 based ceramics were prepared by wet-chemical synthesis and sintering at 1300?C. The orthorhombic perovskite structure was identified in all ceramics by XRD analysis. The possible valence states of Fe, Cu and Mo in the doped YFeO3 compounds were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By adjusting the concentration of Cu- and Mo-ions, the room temperature resistivity (?25) and temperature-sensitive constant (B25/85) can be modified from 1.13?103 to 3.09?105 ??cm and 3000 to 7000K, respectively. The complex impedances at various temperatures (from 25 to 150?C) are tested and analysed. The results show that both grain and grain boundary exhibit the NTC characteristics. The electrical conduction mechanisms composing of polaron hopping conduction and band conduction were proposed in the YFeO3 based ceramics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Burton, Edward D., Ian R. Phillips, Darryl W. Hawker, and Dane T. Lamb. "Copper behaviour in a Podosol. 2. Sorption reversibility, geochemical partitioning, and column leaching." Soil Research 43, no. 4 (2005): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04118.

Full text

Abstract:

The sorption–desorption and leaching behaviour of Cu in a Podosol from south-east Queensland, Australia, was examined. Copper sorption was described by a linear distribution coefficient at low sorption levels (KDCa→0) of 481 L/kg and a sorption capacity (CS,Max) of 382 mg/kg. Selective removal of soil organic matter reduced these values by approximately 95%, indicating that Cu was sorbed predominantly to soil organic matter. The KDCa→0 and CS,Max values from Cu desorption experiments were 934 L/kg and 516 mg/kg, respectively, which indicates that sorption was not fully reversible. This irreversibility was related to aqueous Cu speciation (modelled with MINTEQA2), showing that aqueous complexes between Cu and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) comprised 28.3–72.8% and 21.3–45.4% of aqueous Cu in the sorption and desorption experiment, respectively. Sorption irreversibility was not evident when the corresponding data was presented as free Cu2+ isotherms. Both sorption and desorption experiments with free Cu2+ <0.2 mg/L were described by a KDCa→0 value of approximately 3000 L/kg. Sequential extraction of sorbed Cu indicated that at low concentrations, sorption occurred primarily via specific interactions, with non-specific sorption becoming increasing important at higher concentrations. Desorption of Cu in a column leaching experiment was attributable to exchange of sorbed Cu2+ with Na+. Leaching with a DOC solution of pH 7 and 135 mg/L greatly enhanced Cu mobility due to the formation of aqueous Cu–DOC complexes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Tanimoto, Satoshi, Hidekazu Tanisawa, Kinuyo Watanabe, Kohei Matsui, and Shinji Sato. "Power Module Package Structure Capable of Surviving Greater ΔTj Thermal Cycles." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 1040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.1040.

Full text

Abstract:

A new SiC power module package structure is proposed that is capable of withstanding greater ΔTj cycle stress. Its most notable feature is the use of a SiN substrate having Cu/Invar/Cu foils (C/I/C thickness ratio of 1/8/1) brazed on both sides as conductor plates. The CIC foils show a very low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 5.1 ppm/°C and therefore can significantly reduce package degradation resulting from the larger CTE mismatch of the conductor to SiC and SiN. A thermal cycle test (TCT) was conducted between -40°C and 250°C (ΔTj = 290°C). It was found that the SiC/Au-Ge/CIC-SiN die attachment maintained joint strength of 78 MPa even after 3000 cycles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Murayama, Kei, Taiji Sakai, Nobuaki Imaizumi, and Mitsutoshi Higashi. "Electro-migration Behavior in Micro-joints of Sn-57Bi solder and Cu Post Bumps." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 000997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tha3-paper6.

Full text

Abstract:

The bonding technique for high density Flip Chip(F.C.) packages requires a low temperature and a low stress process to achieve high reliability of the micro joining. Sn-Bi solder has been noted as a low temperature bonding material. Electromigration behavior of Sn-57wt%Bi flip chip interconnection with Cu post bumps was investigated. The flip chip bumps used for this experiments consisted of Cu post formed with plating and Sn-57wt%Bi solder. Two types of under bump metal(UBM) of organic substrate were studied, that is, electroless Ni(6μm)/Au(0.5μm) on Cu pad and Cu pad. Electron flow to induce the electro-migration was from organic substrate side (Cu pad) to chip side (Cu post) with current density of 40000A/cm2 at 125 degree C. At both types of the UBM, Bi migrated and accumulated to the anode side (Cu post) and Sn migrated to the cathode side (substrate pad). Each interconnect resistance has increased to about 25% and 46% within 100 hours, respectively. However, after more than 3000 hours, they were stabilized. With Ni/Au UBM pad, Cu3Sn/Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were formed at the Cu bump side. And under the Bi layer Cu6Sn5/Ni-Sn compounds were formed. But we didn’t observe the failure like cracks or voids at the Ni layer. With Cu pad, only Cu3Sn IMC at the Cu bump side and under the Bi layer Cu6Sn5/Cu3Sn compounds were formed after 4000 hours. Although the voids were observed at Cu3Sn/Cu interface, good electrical connection was obtained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Inoue, Akihisa, Wei Zhang, Tao Zhang, Kei Kurosaka, and Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin. "New Cu- and Ni-Based Bulk Glassy Alloys with High Strength of 2500 to 3000 Mpa." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 15-16 (April 2003): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.15-16.3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Karpinski, J., E. Kaldis, and S. Rusiecki. "High-pressure phase diagrams (1–3000 bar oxygen) of the (Y-Ba-Cu-O)-O2 systems." Journal of the Less Common Metals 150 (May 1989): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(89)90272-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Lower, E. E., M. E. Bartelt, and S. Harman. "Comparison of the effectiveness and complications of half and full doses of pegfilgrastim in breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 11058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.11058.

Full text

Abstract:

11058 Background: Pegfilgrastim (G-CSF) is a longer half-life synthetic growth factor used to reduce the incidence of infection following myelosuppressive chemotherapy but is associated with bone pain and hypergranulocytosis. Little data exists regarding efficacy and possible reduced toxicity with lower doses. Methods: A retrospective review identified early stage breast cancer pts who received reduced doses of G-CSF. Data collected prior to and after each dose of G-CSF included total white blood cell count (WBC), absolute granulocyte count (AGC),patient age, type and dose of chemotherapy, and stage of breast cancer. The occurrence of fever and infection was compared between the full and reduced dose groups. Pts completed a Likert scale (1–5) rating bone pain after each dose of G-CSF. Results: Thirty four pts received adjuvant treatment including adriamycin-cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by taxane (T) in 12, dose dense AC-T in 13, other regimens in 9. The median age was 53 years (range of 36 to 82). Thirty-two pts initially received 6 mcg but were reduced to 3mcg due to drug toxicity. Two pts received only 3mcg doses. There was a significant difference in the WBC post chemotherapy for the 98 treatments with 6 mcg (8400 (3000–49,600) cells/cu mm (Median (Range)) versus 116 treatments with 3 mcg (7600 (3000–18,900) cells/cu mm (p<0.02). There was no significant difference between the post chemotherapy AGC for the 6 mcg (6000 (2200–38,000) cells/cu mm versus the 3 mcg (5800 (1000–16,600) cells/cu mm. Six pts receiving 6 mcg had a post G-CSF WBC > 20,000 cells/cu mm vs none receiving 3 mcg (Fisher exact test, p<0.01). No WBC < 2,000 cells/cu mm or neutropenia of <1000 cells/cu mm was noted with either regimen. Reported fever and infection was not significantly different between the 6 and 3 mcg doses (Fever: 6 mcg 3/98 (3.1%) vs 3 mcg 5/116 (4.3%); Infections: 6 mcg 5/98 (5.1%) vs 3 mcg 7/116 (6.0%)). Bone pain was more severe after 6 mcg dose than the 3 mcg dose (P < 0.02). Conclusions: Although 6 mcg G-CSF was associated with a significantly higher total WBC, pts receiving 3 mcg G-CSF did not experience a difference in incidence of fever, infections, or neutropenia. However, lower doses were associated with significantly less bone pain and hypergranulocytosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Biddinger, Eric J., Robert D. Berghage, and David J. Beattie. "Improved Fiber Pots for Container Nursery Production." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 451a—451. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.451a.

Full text

Abstract:

There is an increasing interest in the use of fiber pots to grow containerized nursery plants. Of particular interest is the ability to incorporate chemicals to modify plant growth, reduce microbial decomposition, and alter fiber structure. Four perennial plants Forsythia `Spring Glory', Baptisia australis, Ilex × meserveae `Blue Girl', and Coreopsis rosea were grown in 2.3-L fiber containers. Containers were treated with Cu(OH)2 (Spin Out®, Griffin Corp.) at 1500 or 3000 ppm, TCMBT (Busan® 30WB fungicide, Buckman Lab.) at 1700 or 3400 ppm, and combinations of Cu(OH)2 and TCMBT. Untreated plastic and untreated fiber pots were used as controls. Plants were grown in a commercial nursery in central Pennsylvania for 5 months during the 1997 growing season. Plants were harvested in the fall. Data included: root penetration of pot walls, plant growth, pot strength, medium root distribution, and root zone temperatures. Results with TCMBT were inconclusive. However, Cu(OH)2-treated pots had fewer penetrating roots and were stronger. Root zone temperatures in fiber pots were lower.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Li, Jieran, Sónia Rodrigues, Olga V. Tsyusko, and Jason M. Unrine. "Comparing plant–insect trophic transfer of Cu from lab-synthesised nano-Cu(OH)2 with a commercial nano-Cu(OH)2 fungicide formulation." Environmental Chemistry 16, no. 6 (2019): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en19011.

Full text

Abstract:

Environmental contextNanomaterials are being extensively researched for use as agrochemicals, and some commercial formulations containing nanomaterials are already on the market. Information on environmental fate and effects of nanomaterials, however, are largely based on laboratory-synthesised materials. This study questions whether data on trophic transfer of Cu from pure, laboratory-synthesised Cu(OH)2 nanomaterials can be used to predict trophic transfer of Cu from a complex commercial fungicide formulation containing Cu(OH)2 nanomaterials. AbstractTo examine whether studies conducted with highly purified, laboratory-synthesised nanomaterials are predictive of behaviour of commercial nanopesticide formulations, we studied the trophic transfer of Cu(OH)2 manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) by tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) feeding on surface-treated tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum). We compared laboratory-synthesised copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) nanowire with the widely used fungicide Kocide® 3000, whose active ingredient is nano-needles of copper(II) hydroxide (nCu(OH)2). All leaves were treated at rates in accordance with the product label (1.5kgha−1 or 150mgm−2). As a control, we used highly soluble CuSO4. Over the course of the study (exposure up to 7 days followed by up to 20 days of elimination), hornworms accumulated Cu from all three treatments far exceeding controls (ranging from ~55 to 105 times greater for nCu(OH)2 and CuSO4 respectively). There were also significant differences in accumulation of Cu among treatments, with the greatest accumulation in the CuSO4 treatment (up to 105±18μg Cu per g dry mass) and the least in the nCu(OH)2 treatment (up to 55±12μg Cu per g dry mass. The difference in their toxicity and accumulation and elimination dynamics was found to be correlated with the solubility of the materials in the exposure suspensions (r2=0.99). We also found that first-instar larvae are more susceptible to toxicity from all forms of Cu than second-instar larvae. Our results provide valuable knowledge on whether the ecotoxicity of commercial MNM products such as Kocide can be compared with laboratory-synthesised counterparts and suggests that predictions can be made based on functional assays such as measurement of solubility.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Im, Jang-hi, Edward O. Shaffer, Theodore Stokich,, Andrew Strandjord, Jack Hetzner, James Curphy, Cheryl Karas, et al. "On the Mechanical Reliability of Photo-BCB-Based Thin Film Dielectric Polymer for Electronic Packaging Applications." Journal of Electronic Packaging 122, no. 1 (October 20, 1999): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483128.

Full text

Abstract:

This work examines the mechanical performance of thin film coatings from Photosensitive-benzocyclobutene (Photo-BCB) formulations (Cyclotene2 4024, 4026 and 7200), on various substrate surfaces such as Al, Cu, Si, and SiN. The adhesion promoter used was designated AP-3000 and was based on vinyltriacetoxysilane (VTAS), which had been properly hydrolyzed and advanced. Measurement of the interfacial adhesion was performed primarily using the modified Edge Liftoff Test m-ELT. It was found that, by applying the newly developed adhesion promoter, AP-3000, the interfacial energy of Photo-BCB to Al, Cu, Si, and SiN was significantly improved, often approaching the toughness of Photo-BCB, ca. 45 J/m2. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses of the delaminated surfaces of the Photo-BCB/Al structure revealed distinct differences in surface roughness and the chemical composition depending on whether or not adhesion promoter was used. Other parameters important for long term stability (e.g., moisture uptake and thermal stability) of Photo-BCB were also measured. The equilibrium moisture content at 84 percent RH in ambient temperature was low, 0.14 wt percent and the thermally induced weight loss at 330°C in helium atmosphere was less than 1 percent/h. The low moisture absorption and good thermal stability, together with the given mechanical toughness and adhesion, allow the Photo-BCB to be widely usable for various microelectronic packaging applications, for up to 40 μm thick build in the case of silicon substrate. [S1043-7398(00)00701-5]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Əliyev, R. R. "Parkinson xəstəliyi və əlaqəli xəstəliklər üzrə XIX Dünya kongresi." NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/nnj.v1i2.238.

Full text

Abstract:

Parkinson xəstəliyi və ümumiyyətlə ekstrapiramid sistemin xəstəlikləri nevrologiyanın aktual problemlərindəndir. Bu baxımdan ilk dəfə 1959-cu ildə ABŞ və Kanadanın Veteranlar Administrasiyasının təşkilatçlığı ilə Montrealda (Kanada) keçirilən Beynəlxalq Parkinson xəstəliyi Kongresi 50 ildən artıq zaman keçdiyinə baxmayaraq silsilə şəkildə indiki zamana qədər keçirilir. Əgər 1997-ci ilə qədər kongres hər üç ildən bir keçirilirdisə, həmin ildən başlayaraq hər iki ildən bir keçirilməyə başlanmışdır. İlk dəfə keçiriləndə kongresdə 30-40 dəvətli həkimlər, əsasən də neyrocərrahlar iştirak edirdilərsə, hal-hazırda yığıncaq iştirakçıların sayı 2000-3000 nəfəri əhatə etməklə, nevroloq, neyrocərrah, psixiatr, neyrofizioloq və digər sahələrin mütəxəssislərini bir araya gətirir.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Bibi, Maria, Samiullah Khan, Attiq-Ur-Rehman Kakar, Naqeebullah Khan, Abdul Hakeem Tareen, Sahifa Bibi, and Habiba Taj. "Determination of essential and non-essential elements in Xylanthemum macropodum of Balochistan, Pakistan." Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences 2, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v2i02.39.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Medicinal plants have been used to treat various diseases for several years throughout the world. Xylanthemum macropodum is a medicinal plant with a vast application as a home remedy in Balochistan. Objective: The current study was conducted to determine the levels of essential and non-essential elements in Xylanthemum macropodum collected from Quetta (Balochistan, Pakistan). Methods: Analysis was conducted for eleven elements by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and flame photometer. Results: The essential and non-essential elements that were detected in Xylanthemum macropodum are K, Na, Ca, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cd and Pb, respectively. The result of the concentration of determined elements are in the order of K> Na> Ca> Fe> Cu> Co> Ni> Mn> Cd> Cr> Pb in Xylanthemum macropodum 3000> 1600> 790.25> 92.36> 85.31> 49.24> 40.94> 20.94> 6.655> 1.61> 1.18 µg/g respectively. Conclusions: Mn, Na and Pb were found within the permissible limit given by World Health Organization, while Ca, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cd and Cr were beyond the permissible limits. However, there is no permissible limit for K and Co.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Strayer-Scherer, A., Y. Y. Liao, M. Young, L. Ritchie, G. E. Vallad, S. Santra, J. H. Freeman, D. Clark, J. B. Jones, and M. L. Paret. "Advanced Copper Composites Against Copper-Tolerant Xanthomonas perforans and Tomato Bacterial Spot." Phytopathology® 108, no. 2 (February 2018): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-17-0221-r.

Full text

Abstract:

Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a widespread and damaging bacterial disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). For disease management, growers rely on copper bactericides, which are often ineffective due to the presence of copper-tolerant Xanthomonas strains. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the new copper composites core-shell copper (CS-Cu), multivalent copper (MV-Cu), and fixed quaternary ammonium copper (FQ-Cu) as potential alternatives to commercially available micron-sized copper bactericides for controlling copper-tolerant Xanthomonas perforans. In vitro, metallic copper from CS-Cu and FQ-Cu at 100 μg/ml killed the copper-tolerant X. perforans strain within 1 h of exposure. In contrast, none of the micron-sized copper rates (100 to 1,000 μg/ml) from Kocide 3000 significantly reduced copper-tolerant X. perforans populations after 48 h of exposure compared with the water control (P < 0.05). All copper-based treatments killed the copper-sensitive X. perforans strain within 1 h. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that all copper composites significantly reduced bacterial spot disease severity when compared with copper-mancozeb and water controls (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant impact on yield, copper composites significantly reduced disease severity when compared with water controls, using 80% less metallic copper in comparison with copper-mancozeb in field studies (P < 0.05). This study highlights the discovery that copper composites have the potential to manage copper-tolerant X. perforans and tomato bacterial spot.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Sucurovic, Aleksandra, Jelena Trickovic, Snezana Maletic, Marijana Kragulj Isakovski, Akos Kukovecz, Miljana Prica, and Bozo Dalmacija. "Effects of Anions on Adsorption of Trace Levels of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cr(VI) by Amino-Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.2.5454.

Full text

Abstract:

This work studies the adsorption of heavy metal ions (Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cr(VI)) in aqueous solutions on amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2) in the ppb concentration range (50-3000 �g/l) as a function of contact time, initial concentration of heavy metal ions and the presence of four inorganic electrolyte anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43-). The adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution was studied using different kinetic models. The results showed that the adsorption process is best fitted with the pseudo-second-order model indicating that the process is controlled by chemisorptions through electrostatic attraction and chemical interaction/complexation between the metal ions and the surface functional groups of MWCNTs-NH2. The intra-particle diffusion model showed that diffusion is slow, but did not govern the rate of the overall adsorption process. The effects of Cl-, SO42-, NO3- and PO43- anions on the adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cr(VI) are variable (improvement, reduction, no impact).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Yang, Yishi, Guanghui Dong, Shanjia Zhang, Yifu Cui, Haiming Li, Guoke Chen, John Dodson, and Fahu Chen. "Copper content in anthropogenic sediments as a tracer for detecting smelting activities and its impact on environment during prehistoric period in Hexi Corridor, Northwest China." Holocene 27, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616658531.

Full text

Abstract:

The Hexi Corridor of northwestern China was a principal axis of cultural interchange between eastern and western Eurasia during the prehistoric and historic epochs. Neolithic groups began dense settlements in Hexi Corridor after 4300 BP with millet crops and polychrome pottery from north China and bronze from Central Asia around 4000 BP accompanied by wheat, barley, and sheep. The impact of these activities on the environment during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age is not clearly understood. Therefore, we analyzed the Cu concentrations of samples collected within cultural layers of anthropogenic sediments from 17 Late Neolithic and Bronze Age sites located within the Hexi Corridor. The Cu content is reported in view of the archaeological and paleoclimatic research undertaken in the area. Our results enabled us to explore the variety of human impact on the environment before and after the introduction of bronze technology into Hexi Corridor. During 4300–4000 BP, Cu concentrations of the anthropogenic sediments were constrained within natural background values. However, from 4000 to 3400 BP, they increased substantially and far exceeded the natural background. The Cu concentrations then declined and remained above the natural background from 3000 to 2400 BP. Our work suggests that the introduction of copper melting technology led to human alteration of sediments’ chemical properties in their surrounding environments in Hexi Corridor since 4000 BP; its intensity was closely related to human settlement density, which was further affected by climate change and livelihood transition in the area during Bronze period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Ashraf, Muhammad Ahsan, and Zulfiqar Ali. "Bioaccumulation of trace elements in migratory waterbirds at two wetlands of Indus river." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.02.15.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Waterbirds are used as a bioindicator for analyzing wetland health because they are very sensitive to changes in ecosystems at the nutrient level and through exposure to pollutants. In the present study, bioaccumulation of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Cd, and Mn) was investigated in Common Coot Fulica atra, Gadwall Anas strepera, and Eurasian Teal Anas crecca at Taunsa barrage and Chashma barrage located on Indus River, Punjab, Pakistan. Samples of water, sediments, and waterbirds tissues were collected during autumn 2018 and the spring of 2019. Metal concentrations were assessed by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific iCE 3000 Series). We found that the maximum bioaccumulation in birds was of cadmium. Order of metal accumulation was Cd > Pb > Zn > Co > Mn > Cu > Ni (Common Coot) and Cd > Pb > Zn > Co > Cu > Ni > Mn (Gadwall and Eurasian Teal) at Taunsa barrage. At Chashma barrage metal accumulation order was Cd > Zn > Pb > Co > Cu > Mn > Ni (Common Coot), Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu > Co > Ni > Mn (Gadwall) and Cd > Zn > Pb > Co > Cu > Ni > Mn (Eurasian Teal). A. crecca was the species in which the most of the trace elements (Cu, Ni, Pb, Co, and Mn) were accumulated at Taunsa barrage, while at Chashma barrage Zn, Pb, Cd, and Co accumulated in F. atra. Zn, Pb and Cd (avg. > 10) had a high bioaccumulation ratio and Co, Cu, Ni, and Mn (avg. < 10) had low bioaccumulation ratio. When tissues were compared for accumulation, the highest concentrations were observed in the intestine followed by gizzard, probably because of the feeding habits of these waterbirds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

KAYANI, ZOHRA NAZIR, SAIRA RIAZ, and SHAHZAD NASEEM. "STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE THIN FILM OF COBALT NITRIDE." Surface Review and Letters 21, no. 06 (December 2014): 1450081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x14500814.

Full text

Abstract:

Cobalt nitride has been prepared and studied for magnetic memory applications. Sol–gel technique is used to prepare thin films of cobalt nitride. The films were deposited onto Cu substrates by spin coating at 3000 rpm for 30 s. The films were then air dried and heated at 300°C for 120 min. As-deposited and heated samples were characterized for their structural and magnetic properties using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The grain size was in the range of 22.7–30.10 nm. Their surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Orthorhombic structure can be seen in SEM micrographs. This orthorhombic structure is also confirmed by XRD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Li, Ping, Yong Li Zhang, and Jin Bing Lin. "Characterization and Process Optimization of Transition Metal Compound Catalyst in CWAO Applications." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.132.

Full text

Abstract:

On simulated organic wastewater treatment by catalytic wet oxidation (CWAO) experiments, the transition metal compound Cu-Fe-La/FSC catalysts were characterized by SEM, TEM and FT-IR, and its application in CWAO reaction process conditions were optimized. Catalyst characterization experiments show that the active components on the surface of the Cu-Fe-La/FSC uniformly distribute, and the particle size is 10 to 50 nm; the chemical composition of-OH-and-Al-O-key are remarkable. To optimize the operation process with the orthogonal experiments of catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO), the results show that in the five factors of influencing CODCrremoval rates of wastewater, they are arranged according to the influences on water treatment from high to low: catalyst dose, system total pressure, influent concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time. The optimized operating conditions: catalyst dose of 8 g/L, total system pressure of 2.0 MPa, influent concentration of 3000 mg/L, reaction temperature of 180 °C¡æ, reaction time of 60 min. Under the optimized operating conditions, the CODCrremoval rate of simulated wastewater reached 77.9%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Huebner, J. D., and K. S. Pynnönen. "Viability of glochidia of two species of Anodonta exposed to low pH and selected metals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 2348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-315.

Full text

Abstract:

Mature glochidia were stripped from the gills of gravid mussels and exposed to low pH (3 – 6.5), aluminum (150 – 3000 μg/L), aluminum (300 μg/L) at low pH (3–6.5), zinc (5 – 30 000 μg/L), cadmium (50–3000 μg/L), or copper (5 – 1500 μg/L) for 6 days. Viability was tested after 24, 48, 72, and 144 h by observing the ability of the glochidia to close when exposed to an irritant, 2.5 M KCl. Effective concentrations needed to reduce the closure response to 50% (EC50) under the experimental conditions were calculated using probit analysis. The relative toxicities (based on 48-h EC50s) of the metals to Anodonta cygnea glochidia were Cu (EC50 = 5.3 μg/L) > Cd (EC50 = 46.8 μg/L) > Zn (EC50 = 69.1 μg/L) > Al. The EC50 for pH was 4.34 for A. cygnea and 4.69 for Anodonta anatina. In 300 μg/L Al, the EC50 for pH for A. cygnea was 4.46. The ability of glochidia to close their valves is considered a reliable measure of viability, as this action is necessary for the larvae to complete the obligate ectoparasitic stage of their life cycle. Decrease in glochidial viability is suggested as a possible explanation for the disappearance of unionids from acid- and metal-contaminated waters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Dalto, Danyel Bueno, Frédéric Guay, Yan Martel-Kennes, Guylaine Talbot, Martin Lessard, Jacques Matte, and Jérôme Lapointe. "289 Effects of supranutritional levels of dietary zinc oxide on zinc, copper, and iron metabolism in post-weaned pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.181.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of supranutritional levels of dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) on zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) homeostasis in post-weaned pigs. One hundred twenty piglets were selected at d14 of age (5.65 ± 0.68 kg). At weaning (d21), they were fed a basal post-weaning diet (without antibiotics) supplemented (n = 40/treatment) with 100 mg/kg (low; LZn), 1000 mg/kg (medium; MZn) or 3000 mg/kg (high; HZn) of ZnO until d42. Dietary levels of Cu (130 mg/kg) and Fe (260 mg/kg) remained constant throughout the experimental period. Piglets were sacrificed at d21, d23, d35, and d42 of age (n = 10/treatment/d) for samples collection. Serum concentrations and total liver content of Zn and Cu were not different among treatments on d21 and d23 (P ≥ 0.10). For Zn, treatment effects were detected at d35 and d42 (P < 0.01) on both serum concentration and total Zn content in liver. For both parameters, values were greatest for HZn, intermediary for MZn, and lowest for LZn irrespective of ages in the two periods. For Cu, treatment effects were detected at d35 and d42 (P < 0.01) on both serum concentration and total Cu content in liver. For both parameters, values were greatest for LZn and MZn and lowest for HZn irrespective of ages. For Fe, no treatment effect was detected either on whole blood Fe concentrations (P = 0.81) or hemoglobin levels (P = 0.76). However, for total Fe content in liver, treatment effects were detected (P < 0.01). Values were greatest for LZn and lowest for HZn at d35 and d42 whereas for MZn they were intermediary at d35 and similar to LZn at d42 (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, supranutritional levels of dietary ZnO fed to piglets during 3 weeks post-weaning significantly impacted Zn, Cu, and Fe homeostasis. These results emphasise the potential risk of Cu deficiency as well as impairment in building body Fe reserves under long-term supranutritional supplementation of ZnO.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Hua, Li, Xue Yang, Yajun Liu, Xiuli Tan, and Yong Yang. "Spatial Distributions, Pollution Assessment, and Qualified Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in a Typical Mineral Mining City in China." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2018): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093115.

Full text

Abstract:

Daye is a city in China known for its rich mineral resources, with a history of metal mining and smelting that dates back more than 3000 years. To analyze the spatial distribution patterns, ecological risk, and sources of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in soils, 213 topsoil samples were collected in the main urban area of Daye in September 2016. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were higher than the corresponding background values, with the mean concentration of Cd being almost seven times its background value. Spatially, the high concentrations of Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn were mainly concentrated in the southeastern part of the region due to nonferrous metal mining and smelting. However, the high concentrations of Co and Cu were concentrated in the central part of the study area, resulted from copper mining and smelting. The data of the geoaccumulation index showed that the contamination levels ranged from no pollution (Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni) to heavy contamination (Cd, Cu, and Pb). Ecological risk assessment showed that Cd posed a high, serious, and even severe ecological risk in 53.78% of the area of Daye. According to the results of the principal component analysis, mineral exploitation and smelting involving a variety of minerals (ES_M), mining exploitation, and smelting of copper ore (ES_C), and natural sources are the three main sources of heavy metals in these soils. Furthermore, the absolute principal component scores showed that 69.21% and 23.17% of the heavy metal concentrations were ascribed to ES_M and ES_C, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Gabrielli, P., G. Cozzi, S. Torcini, P. Cescon, and C. Barbante. "Source and origin of atmospheric trace elements entrapped in winter snow of the Italian Eastern Alps." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 5 (September 19, 2006): 8781–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-8781-2006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Trace elements concentrations were determined in shallow snow samples from 21 sites in the Italian Eastern Alps in order to identify the sources of the contaminants present in the tropospheric winter boundary layer. The collection of superficial snow layers was carried out weekly at altitudes between 1000 and 3000 m next to meteorological stations, far away from villages, roads and ski slopes. Ultra clean procedures were adopted in order to avoid contamination of the snow during the different experimental phases. Trace elements (Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Mn, Pb, Sb, Ti, U, V and Zn) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass Spectrometer (ICP-SFMS). Ancillary parameters such as major ions (SO42−, NO3−, Ca2+;, Mg2+, K

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Shahsavar Goldanlou, Aysan, Mohammad Badri, Behzad Heidarshenas, Ahmed Kadhim Hussein, Sara Rostami, and Mostafa Safdari Shadloo. "Numerical Investigation on Forced Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Inside a Three-Dimensional Annulus Equipped with Hot and Cold Rods: Using Symmetry Simulation." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111873.

Full text

Abstract:

A 3D computational fluid dynamics method is used in the current study to investigate the hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow and heat transfer in an annulus with hot and cold rods. The chief goal of the current study is to examine the influences of dissimilar Reynolds numbers, emissivity coefficients, and dissimilar volume fractions of nanoparticles on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of the studied annulus. In this way, the geometry is modeled using a symmetry scheme. The heat transfer fluid is a water, ethylene–glycol, or water/ethylene–glycol mixture-based Cu-Al2O3 HNF, which is a Newtonian NF. According to the findings for the model at Re = 3000 and ϕ1 = 0.05, all studied cases with different base fluids have similar behavior. ϕ1 and ϕ2 are the volume concentration of Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles, respectively. For all studied cases, the total average Nusselt number (Nuave) reduces firstly by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles until ϕ2 = 0.01 or 0.02 and then, the total Nuave rises by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles. Additionally, for the case with water as the base fluid, the total Nuave at ϕ2 = 0.05 is higher than the values at ϕ2 = 0.00. On the other hand, for the other cases, the total Nuave at ϕ2 = 0.05 is lower than the values at ϕ2 = 0.00. For all studied cases, the case with water as the base fluid has the maximum Nuave. Plus, for the model at Re = 4000 and ϕ1 = 0.05, all studied cases with different base fluids have similar behavior. For all studied cases, the total Nuave reduces firstly by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles until ϕ2 = 0.01 and then, the total Nuave rises by an increment of the volume concentrations of Cu nanoparticles. The Nuave augments are found by an increment of Reynolds numbers. Higher emissivity values should lead to higher radiation heat transfer, but the portion of radiative heat transfer in the studied annulus is low and therefore, has no observable increment in HNF flow and heat transfer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Сдобняков, Николай Юрьевич, Владимир Сергеевич Мясниченко, Ксения Геннадьевна Савина, Андрей Юрьевич Колосов, Алексей Дмитриевич Веселов, Анатолий Николаевич Базулев, Роман Евгеньевич Григорьев, and Денис Николаевич Соколов. "STUDY OF INTERNAL NANOPOROUS STRUCTURE AND EXTERNAL SURFACE OF BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES." Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, no. 12() (December 15, 2020): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2020.12.504.

Full text

Abstract:

На примере двух биметаллических наночастиц Cu - Pt и Au - Ag исследуется внутренняя структура и внешняя поверхность в процессе избирательной коррозии. Рассматриваются эквиатомные составы с общим числом атомов N = 3000. В процессе избирательной коррозии удалялась половина атомов меди и серебра соответственно. В качестве метода моделирования используется метод Монте-Карло, в рамках схемы Метрополиса. Межатомное взаимодействие описывается потенциалом сильной связи. Как и следовало ожидать, избирательная коррозия приводит к тому, что поверхностный слой частицы обогащается атомами одного из компонентов. Однако сердцевина частицы сохраняет структуру бинарного наносплава. Нами также установлено, что в результате избирательной коррозии формируется дефектная структура наночастицы. Соответственно, мы предполагаем, что именно эти дефекты (преимущественно вакансии) приводят к пористой структуре более крупных бинарных наночастиц, наблюдаемых в экспериментах по их избирательной коррозии. Изменение величины удельной поверхности на единицу объема либо веса влияет на адсорбционные и каталитические свойства, а также коррозионную стойкость биметаллических наночастиц. Exemplifying on two bimetallic nanoparticles Cu -Pt and Au - Ag, the internal structure and external surface has been investigated in the process of dealloying. Equiatomic compositions with the total number of atoms N = 3000 are considered. In the dealloying process half of both the copper and silver atoms were removed. The Monte Carlo method within the Metropolis scheme is used as a simulation method. The interatomic interaction was described by the tight-binding potential. As it was expected, the selective corrosion leads to the fact that the surface layer of the particle is enriched with one of the components atoms. However, the particle core retains the structure of the binary nanoalloy. We also found that as a result of the selective corrosion, a defective structure of the nanoparticle is formed. Accordingly, we assume that it is these defects (mainly vacancies) that lead to the porous structure of larger binary nanoparticles observed in experiments on the dealloying. A change in the specific surface area per unit volume or weight affects the adsorption and catalytic properties, as well as the corrosion resistance of bimetallic nanoparticles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Okada, Michiya, Akira Okayama, Toshimi Matsumoto, Katsuzo Aihara, Shinpei Matsuda, Kunio Ozawa, Yukio Morii, and Satoru Funahashi. "Neutron Diffraction Study on Preferred Orientation of Ag-Sheathed Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductor Tape withJc=1000-3000 A/cm2." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 27, Part 2, No. 9 (September 20, 1988): L1715—L1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.27.l1715.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gandais, V. "Clay mineral sources of the Grenada Basin, Southeastern Caribbean." Clay Minerals 22, no. 4 (December 1987): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1987.022.4.03.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis study of the Quaternary clay sedimentation in the Grenada Basin (Southeastern Caribbean) is based on six cores raised from depths of 1800 to 3000 m. Mineralogical analysis of <2 µm and <0·3 µm fractions revealed the presence of a four-component association — smectites, illite, kaolinite and chlorite — in which smectites were always dominant. These minerals were derived from two sources: the Lesser Antilles Arc, which contributed only smectites and kaolinite, and the South American continent, where smectites, kaolinite, chlorite and illite coexist. Geochemical data indicate that Ba and Cr are specific indicators of the South American minerals, whereas Cu characterizes the Antillean clays. The South American contribution, now prevailing, was less important during the Sangamon. The Antillean contribution was episodically predominant during the Wisconsin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Panagopoulou, A., K. Karanasios, and G. Xanthopoulou. "Ancient Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10) Pigment by Modern Solution Combustion Synthesis Method." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 18, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj390.

Full text

Abstract:

The Egyptian blue pigment, CaCuSi4O10, has been used in ancient Egypt from 3000 BC. This pigment consists of CaCuSi4O10 with variable amounts of wollastonite(CaSiO3), high amount of Cu oxides, cuprite (Cu2O) or tenorite (CuO). It was prepared by melting the high percentage of copper in association with lime and desert sand in the Ancient time. In this work Egyptian blue was produced by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) in homogeneous aqueous solution of composition: cupper and calcium nitrates, sodium silicate and urea. This method permits chemically stable Egyptian blue fast and economic production. The Egyptian blue composition and structure obtained after SCS and calcination were studied by XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDX analysis. Crystallite size and crystal lattice parameters were calculated. An increase in combustion temperature during SHS and calcinations temperature influence Egyptian blue yield and crystallite size, slightly influence parameters of crystal lattice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Mukherjee, Indrani, and Ross R. Large. "Co-evolution of trace elements and life in Precambrian oceans: The pyrite edition." Geology 48, no. 10 (June 19, 2020): 1018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47890.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The significance of trace elements in initiating origins and driving evolution of life on Earth is indisputable. Trace element (TE) trends in the oceans through time broadly reflect their availability and allow speculation on all possible influences on early life. A comprehensive sedimentary pyrite–TE database, covering 3000 m.y. of the Precambrian, has improved our understanding of the sequence of bio-essential TE availability in the ocean. This study probed how changing availability (and scarcity) of critical TEs in the marine environment influenced early life. The pyrite-shale matrix TE sequence shows relatively elevated concentrations of Ni, Co, Cu, and Fe, Cr, respectively, in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic. Abundances of these elements in the Archean potentially facilitated their widespread utilization by prokaryotes. The Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic saw increases in Zn and Mo but a marked decline in Ni, Co, Cu, Se, and Fe. Our data suggest the evolution of the first complex cell in the Paleoproterozoic was probably triggered by this major change in TE composition of the oceans. A decline of elements prompted alternative utilization strategies by organisms as a response to TE deficits in the middle Proterozoic. An overall increase in a multitude of elements (Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Se, V, Mo, and P) in the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian was highly advantageous to the various micro– and macro–life forms. Without questioning the importance of macronutrients and atmosphere-ocean redox state, multi-TE availability would have induced substantial heterogenous biological responses, owing to the effects of optimal, deficient, toxic, lethal, and survival levels of TEs on life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Dębski, B. "Supplementation of pigs diet with zinc and copper as alternative to conventional antimicrobials." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0113.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Modern commercial pig farming systems inflict increased stress in animals, which often leads to various negative changes in the gastro-intestinal tract, especially in the case of piglets. Ban of antibiotics, used as growth promoters, has caused a need for alternatives to conventional antimicrobials in swine diets. Use of pre-/or probiotics, organic acids and plant extracts is often recommended, but it seems that zinc oxide and cooper salts, which were traditionally included in high doses to piglets diet, possess the highest efficacy. In commercial conditions feeding piglets with high doses of Zn and/or Cu stimulates piglets daily gain and decreases feed conversion factor. However, as heavy metals Zn and Cu tend to accumulate in soil and cause serious environmental pollution of soil and tap-water. Furthermore, high zinc concentrations (2500÷3000 mg/kg feed) in feed may have an impact on development of antimicrobial resistance, and may regulate the expression of genes that modify piglets’ immune response. Therefore, the use of high doses of ZnO and/or Cu salts, as growth promoter, has always been a subject of discussion, and caused different legal status of such treatment in various EU countries. This short review describes current European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) point of view on the use of ZnO in medicated feed. The higher bioavailability of recently introduced new sources or forms of these metals allows for substantial reduction of dietary inclusion rate, which should have a positive outcome for pigs health and the environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Weser, Ulrich, Ralf Miesel, Wolfgang Heizmann, and Hans-Jürgen Hartmann. "Cu2Zn2Superoxide Dismutase Activity in an Air Dried Egyptian Mummy of the New Kingdom." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 1589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-1122.

Full text

Abstract:

The structural intactness of many biopolymers in mummified tissues is well documented. By way of contrast no functional evidence of an isolated protein is known. The well defined air dried mummy of a deceased 16±2 year male teenager 1200 B. C. prompted us to search for the possible presence and function of Cu2Zn2superoxide dismutase or remnants thereof. Using two different assay systems unequivocal proof of a specific Cu2Zn,superoxide dismutase activity in brain extract was demonstrated. Fast protein liquid chromatography of the extract on Superose 12 revealed an approx. 5 kD Cu-containing polypeptide to which activity was assigned. It is assumed that during the ageing process considerable portions of the 31.3 kD homodimer were cleaved leaving this active core up to the present date. This would be the first case of the presence of an enzymically active component surviving the past 3000 years of mummification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Neethu, C. S., K. M. Mujeeb Rahiman, A. V. Saramma, and A. A. Mohamed Hatha. "Heavy-metal resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from Kongsfjord, Arctic." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 6 (June 2015): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0803.

Full text

Abstract:

Isolation and characterization of heterotrophic Gram-negative bacteria was carried out from the sediment and water samples collected from Kongsfjord, Arctic. In this study, the potential of Arctic bacteria to tolerate heavy metals that are of ecological significance to the Arctic (selenium (Se), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) was investigated. Quantitative assay of 130 isolates by means of plate diffusion and tube dilution methods was carried out by incorporation of different concentrations of metals. Growth in Se and Pb at a concentration of 3000 μg/L was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.0001) than at 2000 μg/L. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Cd and Hg was 50 μg/L (P ≤ 0.0001, F = 264.23 and P ≤ 0.0001, F = 291.08, respectively) even though in the tube dilution test, Hg-containing tubes showed much less growth, revealing its superior toxicity to Cd. Thus, the level of toxicity of heavy metals was found to be in the order of Hg > Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb > Se. Multiple-metal-resistant isolates were investigated for their resistance against antibiotics, and a positive correlation was observed between antibiotic and metal resistance for all the isolates tested. The resistant organisms thus observed might influence the organic and inorganic cycles in the Arctic and affect the ecosystem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Yousefi, Mohsen, Mehdi Dehnavi, and S. M. Miresmaeili. "Microstructure and impression creep characteristics Al-9Si-xCu aluminum alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/101.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 wt.% Cu additions on the microstructure and creep behavior of the as-cast Al-9Si alloy were investigated by impression tests. The tests were performed at temperature ranging from 493 to 553 K and under punching stresses in the range 300 to 414 MPa for dwell times up to 3000 seconds. The results showed that, for all loads and temperatures, the Al–9Si–3.5Cu alloy had the lowest creep rates and thus, the highest creep resistance among all materials tested. This is attributed to the formation of hard intermetallic compound of Al2Cu, and higher amount of α-Al2Cu eutectic phase. The stress exponent and activation energy are in the ranges of 5.2- 7.2 and 115 -150 kJ/ mol, respectively for all alloys. According to the stress exponent and creep activation energies, the lattice and pipe diffusion- climb controlled dislocation creep were the dominant creep mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Paul, Henryk, Wojciech Skuza, Robert Chulist, Magdalena Miszczyk, Aleksander Gałka, Mariusz Prażmowski, and Janusz Pstruś. "The Effect of Interface Morphology on the Electro-Mechanical Properties of Ti/Cu Clad Composites Produced by Explosive Welding." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 51, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 750–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05537-x.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The effect of interfacial microstructure on the electro-mechanical properties of explosively welded titanium and copper plates is discussed. Mechanical testing proved that using detonation velocities ranging from 2000 to 3000 m s−1 and stand-off distances from 1.5 to 9.0 mm, joints that satisfy the strength criteria for a good quality clad were produced. Scanning electron microscopy images show that all interfaces exhibit a wave character. It was noticed that as the stand-off distances and detonation velocities increase, the amplitude and period of the waves, as well as the quantity of the melt zones, increase as well. Also, as the interface waviness and volume fraction of the melt zones increase, the resistivity increases substantially. The experimental data demonstrate that the bonding between both metals is always achieved by surface melting of several tenths of a nanometer, which can be detected only by transmission electron microscopy. Most of the phases that form within the melt zones do not appear in the equilibrium phase diagram and show an amorphous/nano-grained structure. Only a very small amount of equilibrium phases such as CuTi3, Cu3Ti, Cu4Ti3 was revealed employing synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Namkung, H., J. Gong, H. Yu, and C. F. M. de Lange. "Effect of pharmacological intakes of zinc and copper on growth performance, circulating cytokines and gut microbiota of newly weaned piglets challenged with coliform lipopolysaccharides." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a05-075.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of feeding pharmacological levels of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) to newly weaned piglets on growth performance, circulating cytokines levels and gut microbiota was investigated. One hundred eighty piglets [5.90 ± 0.18 kg body weight (BW); six pigs per pen] weaned at 16 to 19 d of age were fed diets containing 3000 ppm additional Zn, 250 ppm additional Cu or a control diet (150 ppm Zn, 15 ppm Cu) for 14 d post-weaning (weeks 1 and 2). Pigs were fed a control diet for an additional 2 wk. Pigs were injected intramuscularly on days 13 and 19 with either 75 μg kg-1 BW of coliform lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an equivalent amount of saline. Blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS injection to measure plasma levels of cytokines and cortisol. Digesta of ileum and colon were collected from non-challenged pigs on days 14 and 28 to evaluate microbiota using conventional culturing methods and polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCRDGGE) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. There were no interactive effects of diet and LPS challenge on growth performance (P > 0.10). Compared with the control, high dietary Zn and Cu increased (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 1 (0.125, 0.091 vs. 0.074 kg; P < 0.05) and 2 (0.240, 0.270 vs. 0.155 kg; P < 0.01) only. LPS injection reduced ADG during weeks 2 and 4 (P < 0.01). Dietary treatment did not affect feed efficiency (P > 0.10). Challenging pigs with LPS reduced (P < 0.01) feed efficiency during week 2, but increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency during week 3. There were no interactive effects between diet and LPS on plasma cytokines levels, except for cortisol (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of cytokines (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α) and cortisol increased (P < 0.01) in pigs challenged with LPS. The high levels of dietary Zn and Cu reduced (P < 0.05) the increases in plasma cortisol level in LPS-challenged pigs at days 9 and 19. There were no differences among the dietary treatments in counts of coliforms and lactobacillus in the digesta from ileum and colon (P > 0.10). PCR-DGGE analysis showed that high levels of dietary Zn and particularly Cu significantly reduced the diversity of ileal microbiota. The effect on microbiota diversity was reversible when dietary Zn and Cu were removed. Enhanced growth performance of the newly weaned piglets fed high dietary Zn and Cu appears mediated via changes in gut microbiota as well as a reduced cortisol response following an immune challenge. Key words: Piglets, zinc, copper, lipopolysaccharide, gut microbiota, cytokines

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Bradley, Casey L., Jon Bergstrom, Jeremiah Nemechek, and J. D. Hahn. "PSVIII-16 The effects of adding two organic acid blends with or without high levels of zinc or copper, on post-weaning pig performance." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.362.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A subset of 720 weaned pigs (6.44 ± 0.1 kg, PIC genetics, approximately 21-d of age) were used in a 42-d trial with a 2x3 factorial design evaluating the effects of adding organic acid (OA) blends [factor 1 = no organic acid (NO), Acid Pak 1 (AP1), Acid Pak 2 (AP2)] to diets with or without higher levels of Zn or Cu [factor 2 = +/-PZC] on pig performance. Pigs were allotted 10 pigs/pen to 12 weight blocks and randomly assigned the six dietary treatments. The +PZC diets contained 3000 ppm Zn (d 0-7), 2000 ppm Zn (d 8-21), and 250 ppm Cu (d 21-42) and -PZC diets contained 95 ppm Zn and 20 ppm Cu (d 0-42). The AP1 and AP2 diets used 0.9% of 2 acid premixes (d 0-21), and 0.45% of the premixes (day 22-42). AP1 provided 0.5% benzoic acid, 0.07% sodium butyrate, and 0.025% phosphoric acid (day 0-21) and half those levels (day 22-42). AP2 included the same acids as AP1 but at half the rate and combined with 7 other organic acids and carvacrol. From d 0-21, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were improved (P< 0.01) by +PZC compared to -PZC and by AP1 or AP2 compared to NO (P< 0.02). Overall (d 0-42), ADG and G:F were improved (P< 0.01) by +PZC compared to -PZC and by AP1 or AP2 compared to NO (P< .010). Data from this trial indicate that performance was improved by the addition of both OA and PZC. However, pigs fed OA and -PZC performed similarly to those fed NO and +PZC in the post-weaning period. In summary, regardless of the acid combination, organic acid supplementation has the potential to improve growth performance in weaned pigs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'CU 3000'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles