Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cu-PGE

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cu-PGE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cu-PGE"

1

Sproule, Rebecca, Steve Beresford, and Reid Keays. "Ni–Cu–PGE magmatic mineralisation." Applied Earth Science 116, no. 4 (December 2007): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174327507x272012.

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2

Lu, Yiguan, C. Michael Lesher, and Jun Deng. "Geochemistry and genesis of magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) and PGE-(Cu)-(Ni) deposits in China." Ore Geology Reviews 107 (April 2019): 863–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.03.024.

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3

Sunder Raju, P. V. "12th International Ni-Cu-(PGE) Symposium." Journal of the Geological Society of India 80, no. 2 (August 2012): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-012-0142-8.

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4

Moilanen, M., E. Hanski, J. Konnunaho, T. Törmänen, S. H. Yang, Y. Lahaye, H. O’Brien, and J. Illikainen. "Composition of iron oxides in Archean and Paleoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic hosted Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in northern Fennoscandia: application to mineral exploration." Mineralium Deposita 55, no. 8 (January 11, 2020): 1515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00953-1.

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Abstract Using electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), we analyzed major and trace element compositions of iron oxides from Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposits hosted by mafic-ultramafic rocks in northern Fennoscandia, mostly focusing on Finland. The main research targets were the Archean Ruossakero Ni-(Cu) deposit; Tulppio dunite and related Ni-PGE mineralization; Hietaharju, Vaara, and Tainiovaara Ni-(Cu-PGE) deposits; and Paleoproterozoic Lomalampi PGE-(Ni-Cu) deposit. In addition, some reference samples from the Pechenga (Russia), Jinchuan (China), and Kevitsa (Finland) Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposits, and a barren komatiite sequence in the Kovero area (Finland) were studied. Magnetite and Cr-magnetite show a wide range of trace element compositions as a result of the variation of silicate and sulfide melt compositions and their post-magmatic modification history. Most importantly, the Ni content in oxide shows a positive correlation with the Ni tenor of the sulfide phase in equilibrium with magnetite, regardless of whether the sulfide assemblage is magmatic or post-magmatic in origin. The massive sulfide samples contain an oxide phase varying in composition from Cr-magnetite to magnetite, indicating that Cr-magnetite can crystallize directly from sulfide liquid. The Mg concentration of magnetites in massive sulfide samples is lowest among the samples analyzed, and this can be regarded as a diagnostic feature of an oxide phase crystallized together with primitive Fe-rich MSS (monosulfide solid solution). Our results show that magnetite geochemistry, plotted in appropriate discrimination diagrams, together with petrographical observations could be used as an indicator of potential Ni-(Cu-PGE) mineralization.
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5

Smith, W. D., W. D. Maier, and I. Bliss. "Contact-style magmatic sulphide mineralisation in the Labrador Trough, northern Quebec, Canada: implications for regional prospectivity." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 7 (July 2020): 867–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0137.

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The Labrador Trough in northern Quebec is currently the focus of ongoing exploration for magmatic Ni-Cu-platinum group element (PGE) sulphide ores. This geological belt hosts voluminous basaltic sills and lavas of the Montagnais Sill Complex, which are locally emplaced among sulphidic metasedimentary country rocks. The recently discovered Idefix PGE-Cu prospect represents a stack of gabbroic sills that host stratiform patchy disseminated to net-textured sulphides (0.2–0.4 g/t PGE+Au) over a thickness of ∼20 m, for up to 7 km. In addition, globular sulphides occur at the base of the sill, adjacent to the metasedimentary floor rocks. Whole-rock and PGE geochemistry indicates that the sills share a common source and that the extracted magma underwent significant fractionation before emplacement in the upper crust. To develop the PGE-enriched ores, sulphide melt saturation was attained before final emplacement, peaking at R factors of ∼10 000. Globular sulphides entrained along the base of the sill ingested crustally derived arsenic and were ultimately preserved in the advancing chilled margin.
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Koerber, Alexander, and Joyashish Thakurta. "PGE-Enrichment in Magnetite-Bearing Olivine Gabbro: New Observations from the Midcontinent Rift-Related Echo Lake Intrusion in Northern Michigan, USA." Minerals 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9010021.

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The Echo Lake intrusion in the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan, USA, was formed during the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift event in North America. Troctolite is the predominant rock unit in the intrusion, with interlayered bands of peridotite, mafic pegmatitic rock, olivine gabbro, magnetite-bearing gabbro, and anorthosite. Exploratory drilling has revealed a platinum group element (PGE)-enriched zone within a 45 m thick magnetite-ilmenite-bearing olivine gabbro unit with grades up to 1.2 g/t Pt + Pd and 0.3 wt. % Cu. Fine, disseminated grains of sulfide minerals such as pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite occur in the mineralized interval. Formation of Cu-PGE-rich sulfide minerals might have been caused by sulfide melt saturation in a crystallizing magma, which was triggered by a sudden decrease in fO2 upon the crystallization and separation of titaniferous magnetite. This PGE-enriched zone is comparable to other well-known reef-like PGE deposits, such as the Sonju Lake deposit in northern Minnesota.
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Nielsen, T. F. D., N. S. Rudashevsky, V. N. Rudashevsky, S. M. Weatherley, and J. C. Ø. Andersen. "Elemental Distributions and Mineral Parageneses of the Skaergaard PGE–Au Mineralization: Consequences of Accumulation, Redistribution, and Equilibration in an Upward-Migrating Mush Zone." Journal of Petrology 60, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1903–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz057.

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Abstract The Skaergaard PGE–Au mineralization, aka the Platinova Reef, is a syn-magmatic Platinum Group Element (PGE) and gold (Au) mineralization that formed after crystallization of ∼74% of the bulk melt of the intrusion. It is hosted in a more than 600 m deep and bowl-shaped succession of gabbroic macro-rhythmic layers in the upper 100 m of the Middle Zone. The precious metal mineralization comprises a series of concordant, but compositionally zoned, mineralization levels identified by distinct PGE, Au and Cu peaks. They formed due to local sulphide saturation in stratiform concentrations of interstitial and evolved mush melts in six MLs over > 2000 years. The PGE–Au mineralization is compared to a stack of gold-rimmed saucers of PGE-rich gabbro of upward decreasing size. Fundamentally different crystallization and mineralization scenarios have been proposed for the mineralization, including offset reef type models based on sulphide saturation in the melt from which the silicate host crystallized, and the here argued model which restricts the same processes to the melt of the inward migrating mush zone of the magma chamber. The latter is supported by: i) a 3 D summary of the parageneses of precious metal minerals and phases (> 4000 grains) from 32 samples across the mineralization; ii) a 3 D compilation of all bulk rock assay data; and iii) a principal component analysis (PCA) of PGE, Au, Cu, and selected major and trace elements. In the main PGE-mineralization level (Pd5 alias Pd-Zone) the precious metal mineral paragenesis varies across the intrusion with precious metal sulphides and Au-alloys at the W-margin to Precambrian basement, precious metal plumbide and Au- and Ag-alloys at the E-margin to flood basalts, and skaergaardite (PdCu) and intermetallic compounds and alloys of PGE–Au and Cu in the central parts of the mineralization. Precious metal parageneses are distinct for a given sector of the intrusion, i.e. drill core (local control), rather than for a given stratigraphic or temporal interval in the accumulated gabbros. The precious metal ‘grade times width’ number (average g/t x metres) for the mineralization at an upper and a lower cut off of 100 ppb PGE or Au increases from ∼20 to ∼45 g toward the centre of the mineralization due to ponding of precious metal bearing melt. A strong increase in (Pd+Pt+Au)/Cu and dominance of (PdCu) alloys in the lower and central parts of the mineralization demonstrate the partial dissolution of droplets of Cu-rich sulphide melt and fractionation of precious metal ratios. The precious metal parageneses, the distribution of precious metals in the mineralization, and the PCA support initial accumulation of precious metals in the melt of the mush in the floor, followed by equilibration, sulphide saturation, and reactions with residual and immiscible Fe-rich silicate melt in a series of macro-rhythmic layers in the stratified and upward migrating mush zone in the floor of the magma chamber. Syn-magmatic and upward redistribution of precious metals sets the Skaergaard PGE–Au Mineralization apart from conventional reef type and offset-reef type precious metal mineralizations, and characterize ‘Skaergaard type’ precious metal deposits.
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Liao, Yuan, Qian Li, Ying Yue, and Shijun Shao. "Selective electrochemical determination of trace level copper using a salicylaldehyde azine/MWCNTs/Nafion modified pyrolytic graphite electrode by the anodic stripping voltammetric method." RSC Advances 5, no. 5 (2015): 3232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12342e.

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Sluzhenikin, Sergey F., and Andrey V. Mokhov. "Gold and silver in PGE–Cu–Ni and PGE ores of the Noril’sk deposits, Russia." Mineralium Deposita 50, no. 4 (August 19, 2014): 465–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-014-0543-2.

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Sappin, A. A., M. Constantin, T. Clark, and O. van Breemen. "Geochemistry, geochronology, and geodynamic setting of Ni–Cu ± PGE mineral prospects hosted by mafic and ultramafic intrusions in the Portneuf–Mauricie Domain, Grenville Province, QuebecGéologie Québec Contribution 8439-2008-2009-5. Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20080511." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 5 (May 2009): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-022.

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The Portneuf–Mauricie Domain in the Grenville Province consists of the Montauban group rocks (1.45 Ga), intruded by the La Bostonnais complex plutons (1.40–1.37 Ga). This assemblage was formed in a magmatic arc setting. The sequence was intruded by mafic–ultramafic tholeiitic plutons, some of which host Ni–Cu ± PGE (platinum group element) prospects. U–Pb zircon ages determined from these plutons indicate that the mineralized intrusions were emplaced between 1.40 and 1.39 Ga and that they are coeval with the La Bostonnais complex plutons. The Ni–Cu ± PGE-bearing intrusions have mature island-arc trace element signatures, with strong chemical evidence for differentiation (Mg# and Cr content; MgO and TiO2 contents) and crustal contamination (enrichments in K2O, Rb, Ba, Th, and light rare-earth elements; Th/Yb and Ta/Yb ratios). However, one intrusion displays a back-arc trace element signature associated with evidence for weak crust assimilation. The evolution of the Portneuf–Mauricie Domain is interpreted as follows: (1) 1.45 Ga — Northwesterly directed Andean-type subduction beneath the Laurentian craton margin. Furthermore, northwest-dipping intraoceanic subduction offshore from the continent formed the Montauban island arc. (2) 1.45 to 1.40 Ga — Andean-type subduction led to the formation of a back-arc basin behind the Montauban arc. (3) 1.40 Ga — Emplacement of the La Bostonnais complex plutons, some hosting Ni–Cu ± PGE prospects, into the Montauban arc. (4) 1.39 Ga — Subduction beneath Laurentia led to arc–continent collision and to closure of the back-arc basin. Intrusion of the Ni–Cu ± PGE-bearing plutons ceased. (5) 1.37 Ga — Intrusion of all La Bostonnais complex plutons ceased.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cu-PGE"

1

Mukwakwami, Joshua. "Structural controls of Ni-Cu-PGE ores and mobilization of metals at the Garson Mine, Sudbury." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2029.

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The Garson Ni-Cu-PGE deposit is located on the South Range of the 1850 Ma Sudbury structure along the contact between the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) and the underlying metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Huronian Supergroup. It comprises four ore bodies that are hosted by E-W-trending shear zones that dip steeply to the south. The shear zones formed as south-directed D1 thrusts in response to flexural-slip during regional buckling of the SIC. They imbricated the ore zones, the SIC norite, the underlying Huronian rocks and they emplaced slivers of Huronian rocks and anatectic breccia into the overlying Main Mass norite. Coexisting garnet-amphibole pairs yielded syn-D1 amphibolite facies metamorphic temperatures ranging from ~550°C to 590°C. The shear zones were coeval with the moderately southdipping South Range and Thayer Lindsley shear zones, which formed to accommodate the strain in the hinge zone as the SIC tightened with progressive D1 shortening. The SE limb of the SIC was overturned together with the D1 thrusts, which were then reactivated as steeply south-dipping reverse shear zones during syn-D2 greenschist metamorphism. Syn-D2 metamorphic titanite yield a U-Pb age of ca. 1849 ± 6 Ma, suggesting that D1 and D2 are part of a single progressive deformation event that occurred immediately after crystallization of the SIC during the Penokean Orogeny. The ore bodies plunge steeply to the south parallel to the colinear L1 and L2 stretching mineral lineations. Ore types consist mainly of pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite breccia ores, but also include pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite disseminated sulfide mineralization in norite, and syn-D2 quartz-calcite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite-pentlandite iv veins. In the breccia ores, matrix sulfides surround silicate rock fragments that have a strong shape-preferred orientation defining a pervasive foliation. The fragments are highly stretched parallel to the mineral lineations in wall rocks, suggesting that the ore bodies are zones of high strain. Pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite occur in piercement structures, in boudin necks between fragments, in fractures in wall rocks and in fold hinges, suggesting that the sulfides were mobilized by ductile plastic flow. Despite evidence of high strain in the ore zones, the sulfide matrix in D1 and D2 breccia ores show little evidence of strain as they consist predominantly of polygonal pyrrhotite aggregates, suggesting that they recrystallized during, or immediately after D1 and D2. However, rare elongate pyrrhotite grains aligned parallel to S2 are locally preserved only in D2 breccia ores. Exsolution of pentlandite loops along grain boundaries of elongate pyrrhotite formed S2-parallel pentlandite-rich layers in D2 breccia ores, whereas the pentlandite loops are multi-oriented in D1 contact breccia as they were exsolved along grain boundaries polygonal pyrrhotite. Because exsolution of pentlandite post-date D1 and D2, and that individual pentlandite grains neither have a shape-preferred orientation nor show evidence for cataclastic flow, the sulfides reverted to, and were mobilized as a homogeneous metamorphic monosulfide solid solution (mss) during D1 and possibly D2. This is in agreement with predictions from phase equilibria as the average Garson composition plots within the mss field in Fe-Ni-S ternary diagram at temperatures above ~400°C. Disseminated and breccia ores at Garson have similar mantle-normalized multi-element chalcophile patterns as undeformed contact-type disseminated and massive ore, v respectively, at the well known Creighton mine in the South Range. This suggests that the Garson ores are magmatic in origin and that their compositions were not significantly altered by hydrothermal fluids and deformation. The lack of variations in Ni tenors between the disseminated and breccias ores suggest that the R-factor was not the process controlling metal tenors because the disseminated sulfides do not consistently have higher metal tenors than the breccia ore. The breccia ores are enriched in Rh-Ru-Ir and are depleted in Cu-Pd-Pt-Au, in contrast to footwall-type ore at the nearby Garson Ramp mine which is enriched in the same metals. When Ni100, Rh100, Ir100, Pt100 and Pd100 are plotted against Cu100, the breccia and footwall-type ore analyses plot along model mss fractionation and sulfide melt model curves, suggesting that these two ore types are related by mss fractionation. In summary, the Garson breccia ores are mss cumulates that settled quickly at the base of the SIC via a gravity filtration process, and were mobilized as a metamorphic mss by ductile plastic flow during D1 and D2. Despite minor local hydrothermal mobilization of some metals, the study confirms findings from other studies that highly deformed Ni-Cu- PGE deposits, such as the Garson deposit, can provide important information on the genesis of the deposits.
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2

Nelles, Edward William. "Genesis of Cu-PGE-rich footwall-type mineralization in the Morrison deposit, Sudbury." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2205.

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The Morrison deposit, located at the Levack mine in the City of Greater Sudbury, is a footwall-type Cu-Ni-platinum-group-element (PGE) deposit hosted within a zone of Sudbury Breccia in the Archean Levack Gneiss Complex beneath the North Range of the Sudbury Igneous Complex. It consists of sharp-walled, sulfide-rich veins that are enriched in Cu-Pt-Pd-Au relative to contact-type mineralization and can be subdivided based on vein geochemistry, mineralogy, texture, and morphology into a pyrrhotite-rich upper domain, a chalcopyrite-rich lower domain, and a pyrrhotite equal to chalcopyrite middle domain. All domains contain steeply to vertically dipping first-order sulfide veins, irregular and discontinuous second-order sulfide veins, and disseminated sulfides in country rocks. First- and second-order veins can be further subdivided into inclusion-free veins typically within Sudbury breccia matrix or along clast-matrix boundaries, and very irregular and inclusion-rich veins associated with leucosomes in mafic gneiss clasts and granophyric-textured dikes. First-order veins consist of pyrrhotite > chalcopyrite = pentlandite > magnetite in the upper domain, pyrrhotite = chalcopyrite > pentlandite > cubanite > magnetite in the middle domain, and chalcopyrite >> pentlandite > pyrrhotite = cubanite > magnetite in the lower domain. Second-order veins consist of pyrrhotite = chalcopyrite > pentlandite > magnetite and chalcopyrite = millerite = pentlandite in the middle domain, and chalcopyrite >> millerite, millerite > chalcopyrite, bornite >> chalcopyrite, and millerite > bornite > chalcopyrite in the lower domain. Second order veins are adjacent to and in contact with epidote, amphibole, chlorite, carbonate, quartz, and magnetite alteration minerals. Sulfide mineralization in the Morrison deposit is similar to other footwall mineralization associated with the SIC. The veins appear to have been emplaced preferentially into zones of Sudbury Breccia that were within ~400m of the basal contact of the SIC, because that lithology is more permeable and because those zones are within the thermal aureole of the cooling SIC permitting penetration of sulfide melts. The mineralogical, textural, and geochemical zoning in the chalcopyrite-pentlandite-pyrrhotite-rich parts of the Morrison deposit are best explained by partial fractional and/or equilibrium crystallization of MSS and ISS. Bornite ± millerite-rich mineralization are interpreted to have formed by reaction of residual sulfide melts with wall rocks, consuming Fe and S to form actinolitemagnetite- epidote-chlorite-sulfide reaction zones and driving the sulfide melt across the thermal divide in that part of the Fe-Cu-Ni-S system to crystallize borniteSS ± milleriteSS. Gold-Pt-Pd appear to have been more mobile than other metals, forming localized zones of enrichment, although it is not clear yet whether they were mobile as Au-Pt-Pd-Bi-Te-Sb-rich melts or aqueous fluids.
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3

Brownscombe, William. "The geology and geochemistry of the Sakatti Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, N. Finland." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/61898.

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The Sakatti Cu-Ni-PGE (platinum group elements) deposit is a newly discovered mineral deposit in northern Finland. The deposit is a magmatic sulphide hosted in an ultramafic intrusion in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt. The major lithologies and styles of mineralisation of the deposit are characterised and defined in this project and their origin investigated. The host rock is composed primarily of olivine with forsterite content between 0.85 and 0.91 and a Ni content between 3000-3700 ppm. This suggests that the olivine is undepleted with respect to Ni and has not been derived from a sulphide-saturated melt. The intrusion sits in a plagioclase-picrite and the locus of the deposit occurs at a change in gradient that occurs when the intrusion transgresses to a stratigraphically higher lithology. Sulphur isotope analysis shows that the Sakatti deposit has consistent δ34S values 2.6 ± 2.4 ‰. This is not consistent with the regional Matarakoski schists contributing S to the deposit. The deposit has unusually low Ni/Cu values, particularly the shallower portions. Magnetite trace element analysis, PPGE/IPGE values and Ni isotope analysis presented suggest that this is due to sulphide fractionation and loss of early fractionating Ni-rich sulphide cumulates. The PGE mineralogy in the Sakatti deposit is exclusively PGE tellurides, derived from sulphide melt. The dominance of tellurides leads to a wide array of moncheite-merenskyite-melonite compositions that is not seen elsewhere globally. A model is presented for the formation of the deposit where earlier Ni-rich cumulates are lost at an earlier stage in the conduit-like intrusion and remobilised by later silicate melt that does not re-equilibrate with the sulphides.
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Mukwakwami, Joshua. "STRUCTURAL CONTROLS OF Ni-Cu-PGE ORES AND MOBILIZATION OF METALS AT THE GARSON MINE, SUDBURY." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2129.

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The Garson Ni-Cu-PGE deposit is located on the South Range of the 1850 Ma Sudbury structure along the contact between the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) and the underlying metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Huronian Supergroup. It comprises four ore bodies that are hosted by E-W-trending shear zones that dip steeply to the south. The shear zones formed as south-directed D1 thrusts in response to flexural-slip during regional buckling of the SIC. They imbricated the ore zones, the SIC norite, the underlying Huronian rocks and they emplaced slivers of Huronian rocks and anatectic breccia into the overlying Main Mass norite. Coexisting garnet-amphibole pairs yielded syn-D1 amphibolite facies metamorphic temperatures ranging from ~550°C to 590°C. The shear zones were coeval with the moderately southdipping South Range and Thayer Lindsley shear zones, which formed to accommodate the strain in the hinge zone as the SIC tightened with progressive D1 shortening. The SE limb of the SIC was overturned together with the D1 thrusts, which were then reactivated as steeply south-dipping reverse shear zones during syn-D2 greenschist metamorphism.Syn-D2 metamorphic titanite yield a U-Pb age of ca. 1849 ± 6 Ma, suggesting that D1 and D2 are part of a single progressive deformation event that occurred immediately after crystallization of the SIC during the Penokean Orogeny. The ore bodies plunge steeply to the south parallel to the colinear L1 and L2 stretching mineral lineations. Ore types consist mainly of pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite breccia ores, but also include pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite disseminated sulfide mineralization in norite, and syn-D2 quartz-calcite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite-pentlandite iv veins. In the breccia ores, matrix sulfides surround silicate rock fragments that have a strong shape-preferred orientation defining a pervasive foliation. The fragments are highly stretched parallel to the mineral lineations in wall rocks, suggesting that the ore bodies are zones of high strain. Pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite occur in piercement structures, in boudin necks between fragments, in fractures in wall rocks and in fold hinges, suggesting that the sulfides were mobilized by ductile plastic flow. Despite evidence of high strain in the ore zones, the sulfide matrix in D1 and D2 breccia ores show little evidence of strain as they consist predominantly of polygonal pyrrhotite aggregates, suggesting that they recrystallized during, or immediately after D1 and D2. However, rare elongate pyrrhotite grains aligned parallel to S2 are locally preserved only in D2 breccia ores. Exsolution of pentlandite loops along grain boundaries of elongate pyrrhotite formed S2-parallel pentlandite-rich layers in D2 breccia ores, whereas the pentlandite loops are multi-oriented in D1 contact breccia as they were exsolved along grain boundaries polygonal pyrrhotite. Because exsolution of pentlandite post-date D1 and D2, and that individual pentlandite grains neither have a shape-preferred orientation nor show evidence for cataclastic flow, the sulfides reverted to, and were mobilized as a homogeneous metamorphic monosulfide solid solution (mss) during D1 and possibly D2. This is in agreement with predictions from phase equilibria as the average Garson composition plots within the mss field in Fe-Ni-S ternary diagram at temperatures above ~400°C. Disseminated and breccia ores at Garson have similar mantle-normalized multi-element chalcophile patterns as undeformed contact-type disseminated and massive ore, v respectively, at the well known Creighton mine in the South Range. This suggests that the Garson ores are magmatic in origin and that their compositions were not significantly altered by hydrothermal fluids and deformation. The lack of variations in Ni tenors between the disseminated and breccias ores suggest that the R-factor was not the process controlling metal tenors because the disseminated sulfides do not consistently have higher metal tenors than the breccia ore. The breccia ores are enriched in Rh-Ru-Ir and are depleted in Cu-Pd-Pt-Au, in contrast to footwall-type ore at the nearby Garson Ramp mine which is enriched in the same metals. When Ni100, Rh100, Ir100, Pt100 and Pd100 are plotted against Cu100, the breccia and footwall-type ore analyses plot along model mss fractionation and sulfide melt model curves, suggesting that these two ore types are related by mss fractionation. In summary, the Garson breccia ores are mss cumulates that settled quickly at the base of the SIC via a gravity filtration process, and were mobilized as a metamorphic mss by ductile plastic flow during D1 and D2. Despite minor local hydrothermal mobilization of some metals, the study confirms findings from other studies that highly deformed Ni-Cu-PGE deposits, such as the Garson deposit, can provide important information on the genesis of the deposits.
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5

Hagerfors, Erika. "Formation of Sulphides in the Canadian High Arctic Large Igneous Province; Testing the Influence of Sedimentary Rocks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-357415.

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Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) form during short-lived pulses of extensive magmatic activity. LIPs are known for their ability to affect global climate as well as for their Ni-Cu-PGE ore potential. A key factor that controls the intensity of the climate impact of a LIP and its ore potential is the assimilation of volatile-rich sedimentary host rocks. Magmas of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP), exposed in the Arctic, intruded volatile-rich black shales, carbonates and evaporites in the Canadian Arctic Islands, offering a great opportunity for studying magma-sediment interaction. The purpose of this study is to test whether assimilation of sedimentary sulphide can promote sulphide immiscibility in magma and thus aid formation of Ni-Cu-PGE ore bodies. This is done by analysing sulphur isotopes in pyrite grains hosted in a HALIP dolerite sill, which was emplaced into black shale, by using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Four dolerite samples are analysed; two coming from the lower contact margin of the sill, one from 60 cm into the sill and one sample from a basaltic vein at the upper contact margin of the sill. A total of 14 pyrite grains (n = 246 individual SIMS spot analyses) were analysed for their sulphur isotope ratios. The results of the SIMS analyses show that all analysed sulphides have highly negative δ34S values ranging from -19.5 to -5.7‰ (average δ34S = -8.2 ± 0.83‰, 2SD), which therefore differ largely from that of the primitive mantle (0 ± 1.8‰). In order to put our four analysed dolerite samples into a broader context, δ34S data of our sulphides are compared with whole-rock δ34S and δ18O data from Hare Fiord shale and dolerite samples. The δ34S values of the sulphide samples from the sill typically trend toward the negative sulphur isotope composition of the sulphides in the surrounding shale, and the shale surrounding the sill experiences a loss of 32S near the contact of the sill. This indicates that sedimentary light sulphur (32S) has been locally incorporated into the sill by the surrounding shale, resulting in negative δ34S values in the magmatic sulphides. Since sulphide immiscibility in the Hare Fiord sill was triggered by assimilation of sulphur from host rock shale, the igneous rocks of the HALIP may be prospective for Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization, though more studies are needed. Furthermore, our results suggest that incorporation of crustal sulphur increased the volatile budget of HALIP magmas, which therefore could have contributed to a deterioration of the environmental conditions during the emplacement of the HALIP.
Stora magmatiska provinser (på engelska Large Igneous Provinces, LIPs) är vulkaniska event då enorma mängder magma avsätts över en väldigt stor yta under ett, i ett geologiskt perspektiv, kort tidsspann. Dessa stora vulkaniska utbrott har väckt stort intresse då de är samtida med flera av de största massutdöendena i jordens historia, men också för att en viss typ av sulfidmalm rik på nickel, koppar och platinametaller (Ni-Cu-PGE malmer) ofta förekommer i provinsernas magmagångar och magmakammare. En viktig faktor som till stor del avgör en magmatisk provins påverkan på klimatet och potentiella malmförekomster är inkorporering av sedimentära bergarter till magman som, när de hettas upp, kan frigöra gaser rika på svavel och kol. I Kanadas arktiska öar trängde magma tillhörande den högarktiska magmatiska provinsen (HALIP) in i svart skiffer, karbonater och evaporiter, som är sedimentära bergarter rika på flyktiga ämnen. Denna magmatiska provins erbjuder därför stora möjligheter till att studera interaktionen mellan magma och sedimentära bergarter. Syftet med denna studie är att testa om inkorporering av sedimentärt svavel kan främja bildandet av sulfidsmälta i magma och därigenom bidra till bildandet av sulfidmalmer. Detta görs genom att analysera svavelisotoper i sulfidmineral i prover från en magmagång, som trängde in i en skifferformation, tillhörande den högarktiska magmatiska provinsen i norra Kanada. Genom att analysera svavelisotopkvoten (δ34S) i sulfidmineral kan man få information om huruvida svavlet i mineralen är av sedimentärt ursprung (där skiffer generellt har negativa δ34S värden) eller om svavlet har δ34S värden liknande de från manteln (som har δ34S värden runt 0‰), vilket i så fall skulle innebära att magman inte har inkorporerat sedimentärt svavel. Genom att använda masspektrometri av typen SIMS analyseras totalt 14 sulfidmineralkorn (n = 246 individuella SIMS punkter) för deras svavelisotopkvoter. Resultatet av studien visar att alla analyserade sulfidmineral har mycket negativa δ34S värden mellan -19.5 och -5.7‰ (med ett δ34S medelvärde på -8.2 ± 0.83‰, två standardavvikelser). Genom att jämföra våra δ34S värden med δ34S och δ18O värden för andra prover från både magmagången och den omgivande skiffern kunde vi se att δ34S värdena för sulfidmineralen i de yttre delarna av magmagången har liknande negativa värden som den omgivande skiffern, och att δ34S värdena för skiffern närmast magmagången är mer positiva. Detta tyder på att sedimentärt svavel i kontakten mellan magmagången och skiffern har blivit inkorporerat i magman från den omgivande skiffern. Våra resultat tyder därför på att sulfidmineralen i våra prover från magmagången bildades genom assimilering av svavel från den omgivande skiffern. Detta innebär i sin tur att den kanadensiska högarktiska magma provinsen potentiellt kan vara en källa för sulfidmalm, även om ytterligare studier behövs. Dessutom visar våra resultat att inkorporering av sedimentärt svavel förmodligen ökade de vulkaniska gaserna i magman, vilket kan ha bidragit till klimatförändringar relaterade till den vulkaniska aktiviteten av den högarktiska magmatiska provinsen.
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Augustin, Cláudia Tharis. "Evolução magmática e metamórfica da intrusão máfica ultramáfica mineralizada a Ni-Cu-PGE de Mangabal, Brasil Central." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/32460.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2018.
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Inserido no contexto do Arco Magmático de Goiás, o Complexo máfico-ultramáfico Mangabal está associado a um conjunto de diversas intrusões neoproterozóicas formadas durante o a orogenia brasiliana, no centro do Brasil. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a evolução magmática e o metamorfismo do Complexo máfico-ultramáfico Mangabal. Para tanto foram realizados trabalhos de campo, descrição e amostragem de testemunhos de sondagem, descrições petrográficas em seções delgadas e polidas, química mineral, imageamento em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) e análises químicas isotópicas de isótopos de Sm e Nd. O Complexo Mangabal está inserido na Zona de Cisalhamento São Luís dos Montes Belos e é composto por dois corpos máfico-ultramáficos acamadados metamorfizados. O membro norte apresenta aproximadamente 6 km²; já o membro sul, distante aproximadamente 2 km do anterior, possui aproximadamente 29 km² de área em superfície. Ambos os corpos exibem a mesma mineralogia, sequência de cristalização ígnea e composição química mineral. A estratigrafia do Complexo de Mangabal pode ser dividida em três zonas principais: i. Zona Máfica Inferior, localizada na porção basal da intrusão, composta por norito adcumulático; ii. Zona Ultramáfica, caracterizada por dunito e harzburgito e iii. Zona Máfica Superior, predominantemente de composição norito, com porções isoladas de dunito feldspático. O complexo apresenta sequência de cristalização composta por: Olivina + Cromo-Espinélio > Olivina + Ortopiroxênio > Ortopiroxênio + Plagioclásio > Clinopiroxênio. A mineralogia primária das rochas é frequentemente substituída por mineralogia metamórfica, devido ao metamorfismo heterogêneo sobreposto ao Complexo. Apesar da recristalização mineralógica, tal transformação metamórfica muitas vezes preserva as texturas magmáticas. O metamorfismo sobreposto ao complexo atingiu fácies metamórfica anfibolito de alta pressão, marcada pela presença da paragênese cianita-ortoanfibólio-hornblenda-plagioclásio, atingindo pressões de aproximadamente 8.5 kbar e temperaturas de até aproximadamente 750 °C. A mineralização primária de Ni-Cu-EGP sulfetado ocorre em rochas máficas e ultramáficas do complexo, porém a deformação superimposta no complexo pode localmente remobiliza-la. A mineralização é predominantemente do tipo disseminada, tanto nas rochas máficas quanto ultramáficas, porem localmente ocorrem em textura maciça.
Inserted in the context of the Goiás Magmatic Arc, the mafic-ultramafic complex of Mangabal is associated with several neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic intrusions formed during the Brasiliano Orogeny in the center of Brazil. This study included fieldwork data, systematic drill-core sampling, mineral chemistry and Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry in order to better understand the petrology of the mafic-ultramafic complex of Mangabal and associated Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization. The Mangabal Complex is inserted in the São Luís dos Montes Belos Shear Zone and is composed of two metamorphosed mafic-ultramafic bodies. The northern limb is approximately 6 km² and is stretched towards E-W; already the south member, distant approximately 2 km of the previous one, is approximately 10km wide by 5.5km long. Both bodies exhibit the same mineralogy, igneous crystallization sequence and mineral chemistry. The stratigraphy of the Mangabal Complex can be divided into three main zones: i. Lower Mafic Zone, located in the basal portion of the intrusion, composed by addcumulatic norite; ii. Ultramafic Zone, characterized by dunite and harzburgite and iii. Upper Mafic Zone, consisting predominantly of norite composition, with isolated portions of feldspathic dunite. The complex has the following crystallization: Olivine + Chromium-Spinel> Olivine + Orthopyroxene> Orthopyroxene + Plagioclase > Clinopyroxene. The primary mineralogy is often replaced due to an overlapping heterogeneous metamorphic transformation. Despite the mineralogical recrystallization, metamorphic transformation often preserves the magmatic textures. The metamorphism superimposed on the complex reached high-pressure amphibolite facies, marked by the presence of kyanite-ortoamphibole-hornblende, reaching pressures of approximately 8.5 kbar and temperatures up to 780 ° C. The primary Ni-Cu-EGP sulfide mineralization occurs in mafic and ultramafic rocks of the complex, but the deformation in the complex can locally remobilize the sulfides and, particularly, nickel and palladium. The mineralization is predominantly disseminated, occurring in both mafic and ultramafic rocks, but massive sulfide levels occur locally, mainly in metamorphic portions.
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Fletcher, Timothy Andrew. "The geology, mineralisation (Ni-Cu-PGE) and isotope systematics of Caledonian mafic intrusions near Huntly, NE Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=88127.

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The Caledonian mafic and ultramafic intrusions of the Grampian region of N.E. Scotland are a suite of synorogenic tholeiitic plutons of mid-Ordovician Age. They include layered cumulates, granular gabbronorites, quartz biotite norites and xenolithic contact facies lithologies. They postdate two regional deformation events in the enclosing Late Precambrian Dalradian metasediments, but are themselves locally deformed by a major regional ductile shear zone system. A detailed study of the Huntly-Knock area was undertaken combining geological mapping, petrological, geochemical and stable isotope techniques. In the study area, layered peridotitic to gabbroic cumulates, transitional cumulate types, granular gabbronorites quartz biotite norites and complex xenolithic contact facies rock types are present as a series of disrupted bodies formed by multiple intrusive events and subsequent deformation of a laccolithic and sheeted intrusive complex. Progressive cryptic fractionation trends are observed from basal peridotites to quartz biotite norites in the 'roof' of the intrusion. The chemistry and mineralogy of the rocks places them in the Lower and Middle Zone of the regional Younger Basic 'stratigraphy', although isolated pockets of Upper Zone may occur. Fine grained disseminated Fe-Ni-Cu sulphides are widespread throughout the mafic and ultramafic rock types. Richer sulphide concentrations locally occur as: gabbronorite hosted disseminated to massive bodies in the structurally complex, Littlemill-Auchencrieve contact zone; disseminated horizons within cumulates; disseminated to submassive graphite-rich pods in pyroxenitic pegmatites. The sulphide assemblage is dominated by pyrrhotite with minor pentlandite and chalcopyrite. Sulphide textures are attributed to magmatic processes with local modification by ductile deformation and hydrothermal reworking. Field, textural and Cu/Cu+Ni relations of certain submassive-massive sulphides is consistent with their derivation from an ultramafic parent. Maximum Ni and Cu levels are 3.02% and 6.46% respectively. The highest combined Pt+Pd+Au values occur in remobilised net sulphide (574ppb) and graphitic pyroxenite (700ppb). These metal values are generally low and comparable to other orogenic Caledonian intrusions. Sulphide immiscibility occurred many times during cooling of the tholeiitic parent magma(s), however early sulphide melts are generally of most economic importance. While there is abundant evidence for magma/country rock interaction, only locally is there evidence for involvement of metasediment sulphur, the system being dominated by a magmatic signature. In the Littlemill-Auchencrieve contact zone, crustal involvement may have been the principal factor controlling sulphide immiscibility. Subsequent hydrothermal reworking within ductile shear zones under amphibolite facies metamorphic conditions modified metal values. Depletion, especially of Au, Pt and Pd was mainly observed but local significant zones of enrichment may also be present.
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Song, Xieyan, and 宋謝炎. "Geochemistry of permian flood basalts and related ni-cu-(pge) sulfide-bearing sills in Yangliuping, Sichuan province, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124595X.

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Silva, Jonas Mota e. "O depósito sulfetado Ni-Cu-(pge) de Limoeiro : metalogênese, magmatismo máfico e metamorfismo no leste da Província Borborema." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/18079.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2014.
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Complexos máficos, máfico-ultramáficos e ultramáficos são os típicos hospedeiros de mineralizações magmáticas sulfetadas de níquel, cobre e elementos do grupo da platina (PGE). Em 2009 a Votorantim Metais descobriu o depósito Ni-Cu- (PGE) sulfetado de Limoeiro no leste do estado do Pernambuco. Motivado pela descoberta, esta tese objetivou entender a gênese e evolução geológica do Complexo Limoeiro e sua mineralização de Ni-Cu-(PGE) nas escalas local e regional. Para isso foram realizados trabalhos de campo, mapeamento geológico, descrição de testemunhos de sondagem, interpretação de seção de sondagem, amostragem seletiva de rochas frescas e de mineralizações, petrografia óptica, química de rocha total, química de minério, química mineral, imageamento em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), análises químicas pontuais por espectrômetro de massa acoplado a feixe laser (LA-ICP-MS), imagamento de zircões por cátodo luminescência (CL) e datação U-Pb. A mineralização do depósito Limoeiro é essencialmente disseminada [pirrotita (~70%), calcopirita (~15%) e pentlandita (~15%)] e hospeda-se no topo de uma intrusão tubular (Sequencia Superior), sub-horizontal, concentricamente zonada (harzburgito no centro e ortopiroxenito na borda) com centenas de metros na transversal e alguns quilômetros na longitudinal. Esta intrusão faz parte de um sistema de condutos que ocupa uma área de 70 x 15 km, orientado na direção ENE-WSW, totalizando cerca de 150 km lineares de rochas intrusivas. A estratigrafia da intrusão é formada por pelo menos quatro pulsos magmáticos principais (Baixo Cr, Superior, Zona de Transição e Inferior), sendo cada um deles distintos em termos de fracionamento e mineralização na região do depósito. Apesar disso, o magma parental formador de cada pulso magmático é similar entre eles. Trata-se de um magma toleítico picrítico de alto MgO com forte assinatura de contaminação crustal. O progressivo aumento da razão Cu/Pd (de 5200 para 5800) das rochas da Sequencia Superior em harmonia com a diminuição do tenor evidencia fluxo horizontal do magma para leste. Todo o complexo foi metamorfisado na fácies granulito baixo (750-800ºC em 634±6 Ma) o que promoveu a recristalização dos zircões, dos sulfetos de metal base e provavelmente a fusão dos bismutoteluretos portadores de PGE. O tipo de intrusão conolítica como de Limoeiro é típico de intrusões relativamente rasas em ambientes compressivos. Não foi alcançada uma idade precisa para cristalização da intrusão que hospeda o depósito Limoeiro, mas correlação entre razões Th/U e idades U/Pb em zircões metamorfisados sugerem uma idade de ca. 800 Ma. Nesta idade é possível que o sul da Província Borborema e sua continuidade na Africa experimentaram de modo concomitante extensão com abertura de assoalho oceânico e colisão continental. Ao mesmo tempo em que se desenvolvia crosta oceânica na parte oeste (Riacho do Pontal), na parte leste dominava ambiente colisional compressivo (Limoeiro). Em uma escala global a intrusão de Limoeiro é contemporânea à quebra do supercontinente de Rodínia e a existência de uma superpluma que tornou o manto extraordinariamente quente. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Magmatic sulfide nickel, copper and platinum-group elements (PGE) are typically hosted by mafic, mafic-ultramafic and ultramafic complexes. The Limoeiro Ni- Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposit was discovered in 2009 by Votorantim Metais in the eastern part of Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil. Driven by this discovery, this thesis was undertaken to understand the geological evolution of the Limoeiro Complex and the genesis of its Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit in local and regional scales. The methods involved field work, geological mapping, drill core descriptions, drilling section interpretation, fresh rock and ore sampling, optical petrography, whole rock and ore chemistry, mineral chemistry, electronic petrography using MEV, trace element mineral chemistry using LA-ICP-MS, zircon petrography using CL and U-Pb dating. The mineralization is essentially disseminated sulfide [pyrrhotite (~70%), chalcopyrite (~15%) and pentlandite (~15%)] and is hosted in the upper part (Upper Sequence) of a tubular, sub-horizontal, concentrically zoned (harzburgite core surrounded by orthopyroxenite shell) intrusion, of scale of hundreds meters in crosssection by a few kilometers long. This intrusion is part of a conduit system (150 linear km of intrusive rocks), which occurs in an area of 70 x 15 km elongated in the ENEWSW direction. The intrusion stratigraphy can be divided into at least four main magmatic pulses (Low-Cr, Upper, Transition Zone and Lower), which differ in terms of fractionation and mineralization-content. However, their parental magmas are similar, and can be classified as a high-MgO tholeiitic picrite with intense crustal contamination. The progressive increase of Upper Sequence Cu/Pd ratio (5200 to 5800) together with metal tenor decrease suggests horizontal magma flux to the east. The whole complex was metamorphosed in lower granulite facies (750-800ºC at 634±6 Ma), which resulted in the zircons and base metal sulfides recrystallization and probably in the melt of the PGE-bearing bismuthotelurides. Compressive geological settings are commonly associated with chonolithic intrusions, such as the Limoeiro Complex. The metamorphic zircons within the complex show a positive correlation between U/Pb age and Th/U ratio, which alow infer crystallization age of ca. 800 Ma for Limoeiro. During that time the Southern part of Borborema Province and its African continuity have experienced contrasting tectonic settings. The Western side was rifting and forming oceanic crust (Riacho do Pontal), whereas in the Eastern counterpart collisional and compressive settings (Limoeiro) prevail. In a global scale, the Limoeiro intrusion emplacement was coeval to the Rodinia supercontinent break-up and to a superplume activity, which overheated the mantle at ca. 800 Ma.
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Viljoen, Willemien. "Phase relations in the system Cu-Fe-Ni-S and their application to the slow cooling of PGE matte." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132005-100921/.

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Books on the topic "Cu-PGE"

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Piña, Rubén. The Ni-Cu-(PGE) Aguablanca Ore Deposit (SW Spain). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93154-8.

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Huminicki, Michelle A. E. Geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Kelly Lake Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, Sudbury, Ontario. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Graduate Studies, 2002.

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Gunn, A. G. Investigations for Cu-Ni and PGE in the Hill of Barra area, near Oldmeldrum, Aberdeenshire. Keyworth: British Geological Survey, 1991.

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Kormos, Steven E. Metal distribution within zone 39, a proterozoic vein-type Cu-Ni-Au-Ag-PGE deposit, Strathcona Mine, Ontario, Canada. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Earth Sciences, 1999.

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Gregory, Steven Kelvey. Geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of transitional contact/footwall mineralization in the McCreedy East NI-CU-PGE deposit, Sudbury igneous complex. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Graduate Studies, 2005.

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Chisholm, Kevin Malcolm. Nature and origin of ore-localizing embayments at the Katinniq Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulphide deposit, Cape Smith Belt, Northern Quebec. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2002.

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Hulbert, L. J. Geology and metallogeny of the Kluane mafic-ultramafic belt, Yukon Territory, Canada: Eastern Wrangellia - a new Ni-Cu-PGE metallogenic terrane. Ottawa, Ont: Geological Survey of Canada, 1997.

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New Results and Advances in PGE Mineralogy in Ni-Cu-Cr-PGE Ore Systems. MDPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-717-5.

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Li, Chusi, and Edward M. Ripley. Magmatic Ni-Cu and PGE DepositsGeology, Geochemistry, and Genesis. Society of Economic Geologists, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/rev.17.

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Chai, Gang. Geology, petrology, geochemistry, and Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization of the Jinchuan intrusion, Northwest China. 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cu-PGE"

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Piña, Rubén. "The Aguablanca Ni–Cu–(PGE) Sulfide Deposit." In SpringerBriefs in World Mineral Deposits, 31–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93154-8_4.

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Kislov, E. V. "Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization in the Upper Proterozoic loko-Dovyren mafic-ultramafic massif, Russia." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 413–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_108.

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Naldrett, A. J., and J. Lehmann. "Spinel Non-stoichiometry as the Explanation for Ni-, Cu- and PGE-enriched Sulphides in Chromitites." In Geo-Platinum 87, 93–109. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1353-0_10.

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Pirajno, Franco, and Paul Morris. "Large igneous provinces in Western Australia: Implications for Ni-Cu and Platinum Group Elements (PGE) mineralization." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 1049–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_268.

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Krivolutskaya, Nadezhda, Maria Nesterenko, Bronislav Gongalsky, Dmitry Korshunov, Yana Bychkova, and Natalia Svirskaya. "Unique PGE-Cu-Ni Oktyabr’skoe Deposit (Noril’sk Area, Siberia, Russia): New Data on Its Structure and Mineralization." In Petrogenesis and Exploration of the Earth’s Interior, 253–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01575-6_61.

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Wenyuan, Li, Wang Wei, and Guo Zhouping. "Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in the Qilian-Longshou mountains, Northwest China — part of a Proterozoic large igneous province." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 429–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_112.

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Paniagua, A., I. Fanlo, B. Garcia, I. Subias, F. Gervilla, and R. D. Acevedo. "Unusual PGE concentration in early disulfides of a low-temperature hydrothermal Cu-Ni-Co-Au deposit at Villamanin (Leon, northern Spain)." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 1033–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_264.

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Ripley, E. M., C. Li, and J. Thakurta. "Magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at a convergent plate boundary: Preliminary mineralogic and isotopic studies of the Duke Island Complex, Alaska." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 49–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_13.

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Lightfoot, Peter C., and Chris J. Hawkesworth. "Flood Basalts and Magmatic Ni, Cu, and PGE Sulphide Mineralization: Comparative Geochemistry of the Noril'sk (Siberian Traps) and West Greenland Sequences." In Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic, and Planetary Flood Volcanism, 357–80. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm100p0357.

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Borg, G., M. Tredoux, K. J. Maiden, J. P. F. Sellschop, and O. F. D. Wayward. "PGE- and Au-Distribution in Rift-related Volcanics, Sediments and Stratabound Cu/Ag Ores of Middle Proterozoic Age in Central SWA/Namibia." In Geo-Platinum 87, 303–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1353-0_33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cu-PGE"

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Lesher, C. Michael. "THE RISE AND FALL OF MAGMATIC NI-CU-PGE SULFIDES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321594.

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Balch, S. J. "Exploration strategies for small high‐grade Ni‐Cu‐PGE deposits." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1817268.

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Brzozowski, Matthew, Weiqiang Li, David Good, and Changzhi Wu. "Cu Isotope Fractionation by Cu–PGE Mineralizing Processes in the Eastern Gabbro, Coldwell Complex, Canada." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.276.

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Rogge, D., B. Rivard, B. Grant, and J. Pardy. "Mapping Ni-Cu (PGE) bearing ultramafic rocks with hyperspectral imagery, Nunavik, Canada." In 2010 2nd Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2010.5594870.

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Округин, А. В., А. Л. Земнухов, and А. И. Журавлев. "ЛИКВАЦИОННОЕ PGE-CU-NI СУЛЬФИДНОЕ РУДОПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ В ДОЛЕРИТАХ ВОСТОЧНОГО СКЛОНА АНАБАРСКОГО ЩИТА." In Геология и минерально-сырьевые ресурсы Северо-Востока России. Якутск: Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52994/9785751331399_2021_57.

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Morrison, Jean M., Andrew H. Manning, and Richard B. Wanty. "METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN COVER OVERLYING DULUTH COMPLEX NI-CU-PGE DEPOSITS, NE MINNESOTA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285031.

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Peterson, Dean M. "ANATOMY OF A DULUTH COMPLEX CU-NI-PGE MINERALIZED SYSTEM: THE SOUTH KAWISHIWI INTRUSION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285585.

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Manning, Andrew H., Richard B. Wanty, Jean M. Morrison, and Stefania Da Pelo. "CHEMICAL SIGNATURE OF GROUNDWATER IN COVER OVERLYING DULUTH COMPLEX NI-CU-PGE DEPOSITS, NE MINNESOTA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-279731.

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Smith, Joshua M., Edward M. Ripley, Chusi Li, Benjamin Wernette, and V. Taranovic. "S, OS AND CU ISOTOPE VARIATIONS BETWEEN SHEET- AND CONDUIT-STYLE NI-CU-PGE MINERALIZATION IN THE MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM, USA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-281454.

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Benson, Erin, Edward M. Ripley, Chusi Li, and Robert Mahin. "MULTIPLE SULFUR ISOTOPE STUDY OF EAGLE EAST, MICHIGAN: UNDERSTANDING THE GENESIS OF NI-CU-PGE DEPOSITS." In 52nd Annual North-Central GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018nc-311727.

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Reports on the topic "Cu-PGE"

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Green, A., and D. Maceachern. Komatiite - Associated Ni - Cu - Pge Mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132296.

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Houlé, M. G., C. M. Lesher, E. M. Schetselaar, R. T. Metsaranta, and V. J. McNicoll. Architecture of magmatic conduits in Cr-(PGE)/Ni-Cu-(PGE) ore systems. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299589.

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Good, D. J., O. R. Eckstrand, A. Yakubchuk, and Q. Gall. World Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr deposit database. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297321.

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Nixon, G. T., J. S. Scoates, D. Milidragovic, J. Nott, N. Moerhuis, T J Ver Hoeve, M. J. Manor, and I M Kjarsgaard. Convergent margin Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr ore systems: U-Pb petrochronology and environments of Cu-PGE versus Cr-PGE mineralization in Alaskan-type intrusions. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326897.

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Nixon, G. T., M. J. Manor, S. Jackson-Brown, J. S. Scoates, and D. E. Ames. Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide deposits at convergent margins. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296676.

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Ames, D. E., I. Kjarsgaard, and B. McClenaghan. Target characterization of Footwall Cu-(Ni)-PGE deposits, Sudbury. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292379.

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Ames, D. E., I. M. Kjarsgaard, and S. L. Douma. Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE ore mineralogy compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/214521.

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Nixon, G. T., D. Milidragovic, and J. S. Scoates. Convergent margin Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr ore systems: temporal and magmatic evolution. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/315001.

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Ames, D. E., and M. G. Houlé. A synthesis of the TGI-4 Canadian nickel-copper-platinum group elements-chromium ore systems project -- revised and new genetic models and exploration tools for Ni-Cu-PGE, Cr-(PGE), Fe-Ti-V-(P), and PGE-Cu deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296675.

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Smith, J., W. Bleeker, D. A. Liikane, M. Hamilton, R. Cundari, and P. Hollings. Characteristics of Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide mineralization within the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313676.

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