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Journal articles on the topic 'Cubense'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Fourie, Gerda, E. T. Steenkamp, T. R. Gordon, and A. Viljoen. "Evolutionary Relationships among the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Vegetative Compatibility Groups." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 14 (May 29, 2009): 4770–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00370-09.

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ABSTRACT Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, the causal agent of fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.), is one of the most destructive strains of the vascular wilt fungus F. oxysporum. Genetic relatedness among and within vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was studied by sequencing two nuclear and two mitochondrial DNA regions in a collection of 70 F. oxysporum isolates that include representatives of 20 VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, other formae speciales, and nonpathogens. To determine the ability of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense to sexually recombine, crosses were made between isolates of opposite mating types. Phylogenetic analysis separated the F. oxysporum isolates into two clades and eight lineages. Phylogenetic relationships between F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense and other formae speciales of F. oxysporum and the relationships among VCGs and races of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense clearly showed that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense's ability to cause disease on banana has emerged multiple times, independently, and that the ability to cause disease to a specific banana cultivar is also a polyphyletic trait. These analyses further suggest that both coevolution with the host and horizontal gene transfer may have played important roles in the evolutionary history of the pathogen. All examined isolates harbored one of the two mating-type idiomorphs, but never both, which suggests a heterothallic mating system should sexual reproduction occur. Although, no sexual structures were observed, some lineages of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense harbored MAT-1 and MAT-2 isolates, suggesting a potential that these lineages have a sexual origin that might be more recent than initially anticipated.
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Yun, Yingzi, Aixia Song, JianDong Bao, Shasha Chen, Songmao Lu, Chunzhen Cheng, Wenhui Zheng, Zonghua Wang, and Liangsheng Zhang. "Genome Data of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 and Tropical Race 4 Isolates Using Long-Read Sequencing." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 10 (October 2019): 1270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-19-0063-a.

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Fusarium wilt of banana is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. We generated two chromosome-level assemblies of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 and tropical race 4 strains using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 and tropical race 4 assemblies had 35 and 29 contigs with contig N50 lengths of 2.08 and 4.28 Mb, respectively. These two new references genomes represent a greater than 100-fold improvement over the contig N50 statistics of the previous short-read-based F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense assemblies. The two high-quality assemblies reported here will be a valuable resource for the comparative analysis of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense races at the pathogenic level.
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Nguyen, T. V., L. T. T. Tran-Nguyen, C. L. Wright, P. Trevorrow, and K. Grice. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Commercial Disinfectants Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 and Tropical Race 4 Propagules." Plant Disease 103, no. 4 (April 2019): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-18-0453-re.

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Panama disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense has devastated banana production worldwide. This work aimed to determine effective disinfectants against two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, race 1 and tropical race 4 (TR4), for implementation with on-farm biosecurity procedures against this disease following the outbreak of TR4 in North Queensland in 2015. A total of 32 commercial disinfectants were screened and their activity was assessed after ≤30 s, 5 min, 30 min, and 24 h of contact with an F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense suspension containing 105 chlamydospores/ml without and with soil added (0.05 g/ml). Of the disinfectants tested, the quaternary ammonium compounds containing ≥10% active ingredient were found to be the most effective against both F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense races. These products, when used at a 1:100 dilution, completely inhibited the survival of all F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense propagules across all the contact times regardless of the absence or presence of soil. The bioflavonoid product EvoTech 213 and bleach (10% sodium hypochlorite) used at a 1:10 dilution also eliminated all F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense propagules across all the contact times. None of the detergent-based or miscellaneous products tested were completely effective against both F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense races even used at a 1:10 dilution. Soil decreases the efficacy of disinfectants and therefore must be removed from contaminated items before treatments are applied.
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Li, Wenbin, Chunqiang Li, Jianbo Sun, and Ming Peng. "Metabolomic, Biochemical, and Gene Expression Analyses Reveal the Underlying Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Banana Species during Early Infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense." Plant Disease 101, no. 4 (April 2017): 534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-16-1245-re.

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Banana (Musa spp.) is an important staple and economic fruit crop, especially in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. The wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, especially F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense strain TR4, is disastrous for banana production. Banana plants infected by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 gradually die from leaf blight or vascular rot. There is no efficient method to control this disease, and the underlying response of banana plants to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense remains unknown. In this study, the responses of an economically important banana cultivar, the F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense-susceptible ‘BX’, and a wild banana relative, the F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense-resistant Musa yunnanensis (‘YN’), to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection were investigated using metabolomic, biochemical, and molecular biological methods. Numerous metabolomic compounds, including defense-responsive signaling molecules, phytohormones, phenolics, and antioxidants, were identified through metabolomic analysis. Changes in salicylic acid (SA), methyl-jasmonic acid, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin, 3-indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid, and total phenolic levels were detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of some defense-responsive compounds were studied through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that the resistant YN had a larger change in SA content and a lower ABA level throughout the early infection period, compared with the levels in BX. The susceptible BX had a lower phenolic content. The resistant YN also expressed pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, especially PR1, PR4, PR5-1, and PDF2.2, at higher levels than the susceptible BX. These dynamic metabolic and gene-expression profiles from susceptible and resistant banana during the early stage of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection increase our understanding of the complex interaction response between this crop and its pathogen.
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Sari, Widya, Suryo Wiyono, Ali Nurmansyah, Abdul Munif, and Roedhy Poerwanto. "Keanekaragaman dan Patogenisitas Fusarium spp. Asal Beberapa Kultivar Pisang." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 13, no. 6 (June 26, 2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.13.6.216.

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Fusarium wilt disease caused by pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense is an important disease in banana plants. This research was aimed to identifiy Fusarium spp. collected from banana plants showing wilt disease based on morphology and molecular characters. The fungi isolates obtained was further examined for its pathogenicity and distribution in various parts of banana plants. Based on morphological characters, i.e. growth rate, total conidia, colony color, macroconidium, microconidium, and chlamydospores, F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense can be differentiated from other species of Fusarium, but not the strain. Molecular analysis using specific primers VCG 01213/16 and Foc1/Foc 2 successfully identified 13 and 7 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 and F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense non TR4, respectively. Analysis using universal primer ITS4/ITS5 identified 7 isolates of F. solani, 1 isolate of F. verticillioides, and 2 isolates non Fusarium. Infection of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 and non-TR4 were found mostly in pseudo stems, whereas F. solani and F. verticillioides dominantly colonized banana corm. Pathogenicity test showed that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 and non-TR4 caused necrosis on corm of cv. Ambon Kuning. Similar necrosis symptom was also observed on infection of F. solani but with less severity.
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PURWANTI, PURWANTI, SURANTO SURANTO, and RATNA SETYANINGSIH. "Potential inhibition of essential oils and crude extract of Zingiber species to the growth of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. cubense." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 1, no. 2 (August 4, 2003): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f010204.

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The aims of this research were (1) to investigate the potency of essential oil and crude extract of rhizome lempuyang pahit (Zingiber amaricans Vahl.), lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet L.) and lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum L.) in preventing growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (2) to determine the proper concentration of essential oil and crude extract in preventing the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Essential oil of rhizome Zingiber spp. was separated by Stahl destilation with methanol solvent. Crude extract was made by soaking the powder of Zingiber spp. in methanol absolute and then filtered by paper disk. Several compounds of rhizome Z. amaricans Vahl. were analysed by GC-MS. Potential inhibition of essential oil and crude extract were examined using disk diffusion method at concentration of 1%, 10%, and 100% respectively, while methanol absolute was used as control and Benlate fungicide was used for comparison. The result showed that essential oil and crude extract of Z. amaricans Vahl. and Z. zerumbet L. were able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Essential oil Z. amaricans Vahl. were also able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense at lowest concentration of 1% while the Z. zerumbet L. at concentration 10%. Crude extract Z. amaricans Vahl. and Z. zerumbet L. were able to prevent the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense even at concentration of 100%.
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Anggraini, Selviana, Jumsu Trisno, and Tizelia Tizelia. "POTENSI RIZOBAKTERI INDIGENUS SEBAGAI AGENS BIOKONTROL JAMUR FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU TANAMAN PISANG." Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Pertanian (JURAGAN) 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32767/juragan.v1i1.25.

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The use of rhizobacteria is an alternative control in suppressing plant disease attacks. The purpose of this study was to obtain indigenous rhizobacteria which have the potential as antagonist agents of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Sampling was carried out randomly selected on endemic lands. Isolation of rhizobacteria using serial dilution method and its antagonist test against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense uses the dual culture method. The isolation results from 3 banana cultivars (kepok, raja sere, and mas) obtained 24 rhizobacterial isolates with different morphological and physiological characters. The antagonist test results showed that 8 rhizobacterial isolates were able to suppress the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and is not plant pathogenic.
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8

Ploetz, R. C. "Variability in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-173.

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A worldwide collection of 96 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (incitant of fusarial wilt of banana or Panama disease) from 12 countries was used to assess population structure in the pathogen; isolates were diverse for vegetative compatibility (11 vegetative compatibility groups) and race-specific virulence (races 1, 2, and 4). Rates of radial growth on potato dextrose agar differed at temperatures ranging from 8–36 °C for isolates in different VCGs and races (P < 0.05). On a KClO3-amended medium used to generate nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants, variability in chlorate (a toxic analog of nitrate) sensitivity and the time required before nit mutants arose on the medium (mutability) was related primarily to vegetative compatibility group. In addition, cultural morphology on modified Komada's medium and potato dextrose agar was related primarily to vegetative compatibility group, whereas race was not as consistently related to these traits. In studies on the population biology and diversity in F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, vegetative compatibility was a more useful character than race. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense has had diverse origins.
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9

Querino, César M. B., Delson Laranjeira, Rildo S. B. Coelho, and Aristóteles P. de Matos. "Efeito de dois indutores de resistência sobre a severidade do mal-do-Panamá." Fitopatologia Brasileira 30, no. 3 (June 2005): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582005000300004.

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O mal-do-Panamá, causado por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, é um fator limitante à cultura da bananeira (Musa spp.). A medida de controle mais eficiente para essa doença é o cultivo de variedades resistentes. A resistência induzida constitui alternativa a ser avaliada nesse patossistema. Avaliou-se o efeito indutor de resistência de acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) e ácido DL-b-amino-n-butírico (BABA) sobre germinação e crescimento micelial de F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense in vitro nas dosagens 0; 0,050; 0,100; 0,150; 0,200; 0,250 e 0,500 mg.ml-1 e 0; 0,525; 1,050; 1,575; 2,100; 2,625 e 3,150 mg.ml-1, respectivamente, utilizando-se F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense na concentração 1 x 10³ conídios.ml-1. Os ASM e BABA foram pulverizados nas dosagens 0; 0,050; 0,100; 0,150; 0,200; 0,250 mg.ml-1 e 0; 0,525; 1,050; 1,575; 2,100; 2,625 mg.ml-1, respectivamente, sobre bananeiras 'Maçã' e 'Grande Naine' micropropagadas, mantidas em casa de vegetação. As raízes foram inoculadas por imersão em suspensão de F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense 1 x 10³ conídios.ml-1, quatro, seis e oito semanas após indução. Avaliou-se a severidade da doença 20 dias após inoculação através de escala de notas. O BABA, 2,100 mg.ml-1, propiciou 35,29% de redução na severidade de doença em banana 'Maçã', aplicado quatro semanas antes da inoculação com F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. O ASM, 0,500 mg.ml-1, inibiu a germinação de conídios in vitro. O BABA, nas dosagens testadas, não interferiu no crescimento micelial. Em 'Grande Naine', BABA, 0,525 mg.ml-1, reduziu a severidade da doença em 21,55% independente da época de inoculação. Não se constatou efeito do ASM sobre a severidade do mal-do-Panamá.
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10

Bentley, S., K. G. Pegg, N. Y. Moore, R. D. Davis, and I. W. Buddenhagen. "Genetic Variation Among Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Analyzed by DNA Fingerprinting." Phytopathology® 88, no. 12 (December 1998): 1283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.12.1283.

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Genetic variation within a worldwide collection of 208 isolates of Fu-sarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, representing physiological races 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the 20 reported vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), was analyzed using modified DNA amplification fingerprinting. Also characterized were 133 isolates that did not belong to any of the reported VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense including race 3 isolates from a Heliconia species and isolates from a symptomatic wild banana species growing in the jungle in peninsular Malaysia. The DNA fingerprint patterns were generally VCG specific, irrespective of geographic or host origin. A total of 33 different genotypes were identified within F. oxysporum f. sp. cu-bense; 19 genotypes were distinguished among the isolates that belonged to the 20 reported VCGs, and 14 new genotypes were identified among the isolates that did not belong to any of the existing VCGs. DNA fingerprinting analysis also allowed differentiation of nine clonal lineages within F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Five of these lineages each contained numerous closely related VCGs and genotypes, and the remaining four lineages each contained a single genotype. The genetic diversity and geographic distribution of several of these lineages of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense suggests that they have coevolved with edible bananas and their wild diploid progenitors in Asia. DNA fingerprinting analysis of isolates from the wild pathosystem provides further evidence for the coevolution hypothesis. The genetic isolation and limited geographic distribution of four of the lineages of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense suggests that the pathogen has also arisen independently, both within and outside of the center of origin of the host.
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Li, Chunqiang, Jinghao Yang, Wenbin Li, Jianbo Sun, and Ming Peng. "Direct Root Penetration and Rhizome Vascular Colonization by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense are the Key Steps in the Successful Infection of Brazil Cavendish." Plant Disease 101, no. 12 (December 2017): 2073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0467-re.

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Fusarium wilt of banana, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, is one of the most serious diseases of banana. F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (Foc1) and race 4 (Foc4) are the most prevalent pathogens of banana cultivars in the world. To understand the differences in the infection processes between Foc1 and Foc4, green fluorescent protein-tagged strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (FocTR4) and Foc1 were used to inoculate ‘Brazil Cavendish’ banana. At 2 days postinoculation (dpi), it was observed that the spores and hyphae of both Foc1 and Foc4 attached to the root hairs and root epidermis. At 3 dpi, the hyphae of both Foc1 and Foc4 were found in the vascular tissues of roots. However, Foc4 was observed in the parenchymal cells of banana root, whereas Foc1 was not found in parenchymal cells at 7 dpi. Furthermore, few Foc1 hyphae were observed in a few xylems whereas many more Foc4 hyphae were present in many xylems and phloems. Foc4 was observed in the vascular tissues of banana rhizomes, whereas no Foc1 was found in rhizomes 2 months after inoculation. The attachment process in F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection was further studied with scanning electron microscopy. Foc4 was observed to penetrate into banana roots from the intercellular space of the epidermis and wounds, whereas Foc1 mainly penetrated from the wounds but not from the intercellular space of the epidermis. Therefore, direct root penetration and rhizome vascular colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense are the key steps in the successful infection of Brazil Cavendish.
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Thangavelu, R., and M. M. Mustaffa. "First Report on the Occurrence of a Virulent Strain of Fusarium Wilt Pathogen (Race-1) Infecting Cavendish (AAA) Group of Bananas in India." Plant Disease 94, no. 11 (November 2010): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-10-0330.

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Banana wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is one of the most significant threats to banana production worldwide. Strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense have been grouped into race-1, -2, or -4 on the basis of differential virulence among different genotypes of banana. In India, though the disease is reported among susceptible varieties of races 1 and 2, the disease is not reported from Cavendish cultivars, which are the differential host to race-4. Recent surveys of the Cumbum areas (Theni District, Tamil Nadu) revealed symptoms (e.g., yellowing and drooping of leaves around the pseudostem and longitudinal splitting of pseudostem) on cv. Grand Naine (Cavendish group – AAA). F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was recovered and single-spore isolates had characteristic white-to-purple aerial mycelia producing single-celled, oval microconidia in false heads on branched monophialides and sickle-shaped macroconidia with an attenuated apical cell and a foot-shaped basal cell. Pathogenicity was demonstrated on cv. Grand Naine by inoculation with sand maize meal inoculum (20 g per pot containing 106 spores per g). Vegetative compatibility, using 33 nit-M testers of all known vegetative compatibility groups (2), showed that nit-1 mutants generated from a wild strain of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense isolated from cv. Grand Naine formed robust heterokaryons with nit-M tester 0124 of the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Brisbane, Australia and also with nit-M tester obtained from an isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense from Karpuravalli (Pisang Awak-ABB). Further characterization of this new Cavendish strain was studied on the basis of volatile odor production (3) using VCGs 0125 for race-1 (‘inodoratum group’) and 0120 for race 4 (‘odoratum group’) as positive controls and sterile medium as a negative control. This new F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense strain of Cavendish belonged to ‘inodoratum’ group of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Pathogenicity was demonstrated on potted plants (10 per cultivar) of cvs. Rasthali (Silk-AAB), Karpuravalli (Pisang Awak-ABB), Ney Poovan (AB), Poovan (Mysore-AAB), Red Banana (AAA), Nendran (French plantain-AAB), Monthan (ABB), and Grand Naine (Cavendish-AAA) by inoculation with sand maize meal inoculum (20 g per pot containing 106 spores per g) in three replicate experiments. Plants were uprooted 2 months postinoculation and disease severity was estimated by rating internal vascular discoloration in the corm (1). The result showed that all cultivars, except Red Banana and Nendran, had the highest rating for disease severity, 6. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a virulent strain of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense VCG 0124 of race-1on Cavendish banana. References: (1) J. Carlier et al. Technical Guidelines Number 6. INIBAP, Montpellier, France, 2002. (2) J. C. Correll et al. Phytopathology 77:1640, 1987. (3) N. Y. Moore. Aust. J. Bot 39:161, 1991.
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Khan, Babar, Zuniara Akash, Shahzad Asad, Nazir Javed, Nasir A. Rajput, Abdul Jabbar, Wasi U. Din, and Rana M. Atif. "ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE ASSOCIATED WITH PANAMA WILT OF BANANA." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 29, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.029.01.0299.

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is a soil loving pathogen of banana that can cause distortion of vascular system. It is responsible for the disease Fusarium wilt of bananas also renowned as panama wilt disease that has responsible of immense losses in the banana industry worldwide. In this study, diseased samples were collected from rhizosphere of banana plants in the research area of National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and cultured on PDA to isolate pathogenic strains of F. oxysporium f. sp. cubense. Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma harzianum against F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was evaluated under controlled conditions. T. harzianum produced up to 75.5% inhibition of colony growth of the pathogen followed by incubation for 72 h at 28+2°C in vitro. In pot culture T. harzianum considerably reduced disease severity. It proves that it is a potential biological control agent against banana wilt pathogen.
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Fortunato, Alessandro Antônio, Washington Luís da Silva, and Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues. "Phenylpropanoid Pathway Is Potentiated by Silicon in the Roots of Banana Plants During the Infection Process of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense." Phytopathology® 104, no. 6 (June 2014): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-13-0203-r.

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Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, is a disease that causes large reductions in banana yield worldwide. Considering the importance of silicon (Si) to potentiate the resistance of several plant species to pathogen infection, this study aimed to investigate, at the histochemical level, whether this element could enhance the production of phenolics on the roots of banana plants in response to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection. Plants of cultivar Maçã, which is susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, were grown in plastic pots amended with 0 (−Si) or 0.39 g of Si (+Si) per kilogram of soil and inoculated with race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. The root Si concentration was increased by 35.6% for +Si plants in comparison to the −Si plants, which contributed to a 27% reduction in the symptoms of Fusarium wilt on roots. There was an absence of fluorescence for the root sections of the −Si plants treated with the Neu and Wilson's reagents. By contrast, for the root sections obtained from the +Si plants treated with Neu's reagent, strong yellow-orange fluorescence was observed in the phloem, and lemon-yellow fluorescence was observed in the sclerenchyma and metaxylem vessels, indicating the presence of flavonoids. For the root sections of the +Si plants treated with Wilson's reagent, orange-yellowish autofluorescence was more pronounced around the phloem vessels, and yellow fluorescence was more pronounced around the metaxylem vessels, also indicating the presence of flavonoids. Lignin was more densely deposited in the cortex of the roots of the +Si plants than for the −Si plants. Dopamine was barely detected in the roots of the −Si plants after using the lactic and glyoxylic acid stain, but was strongly suspected to occur on the phloem and metaxylem vessels of the roots of the +Si plants as confirmed by the intense orange-yellow fluorescence. The present study provides new evidence of the pivotal role of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the resistance of banana plants to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection when supplied with Si.
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Turner, B. L. "A Revision of the Teucrium cubense (Lamiaceae) Complex." Lundellia 8, no. 1 (December 2005): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25224/1097-993x-8.1.7.

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Jiang, Yulin, Ali Oulad Ali, Dominique Guillaume, Bernard Weniger, and Robert Anton. "Triterpenoid saponins from the root of Sideroxylon cubense." Phytochemistry 35, no. 4 (March 1994): 1013–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)90658-7.

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Jiang, Y., B. Weniger, N. Béji, L. Italiano, J. Beck, and R. Anton. "Cytotoxic Activity of a New Saponin fromSideroxylon cubense." Planta Medica 59, S 1 (December 1993): A680—A681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959962.

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Pérez, Yonaisy Mujica, Christiane Charest, Yolande Dalpé, Sylvie Séguin, Xuelian Wang, and Shahrokh Khanizadeh. "Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Selected Spring Wheat Lines." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 4 (September 10, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p24.

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<p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">An experiment was performed in a completely randomized split-plot design using five lines of spring wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) (AW-774, AC Carberry, HY-162, Major and AAC Scotia) and two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) strains (<em>Rhizoglomus irregulare </em>and <em>Glomus cubense</em>). Two different inoculant forms (solid and liquid) for the <em>G. cubense</em> strain were evaluated. The main plot was AMF, and the subplot was spring wheat lines. Data on heading date, plant height, fresh, and dry biomass, yield, grain quality (chemical composition of the seeds, gluten, and sugar), root structure, and colonization by AMF were collected. The results show a positive effect of inoculation in comparison with the control treatment. The liquid and solid <em>G. cubense</em> inoculants provided better results than inoculation with <em>R.</em> <em>irregulare</em>. Fungus indicators were in agreement with root morphological parameters because of the effect induced by AMF activity. Yield increased significantly in the mycorrhizal treatments.</span></p>
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Fortunato, Alessandro Antonio, Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues, and Kelly Juliane Teles do Nascimento. "Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of the Resistance of Banana Plants to Fusarium Wilt Potentiated by Silicon." Phytopathology® 102, no. 10 (October 2012): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-12-0037-r.

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Silicon amendments to soil have resulted in a decrease of diseases caused by several soilborne pathogens affecting a wide number of crops. This study evaluated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that may have increased resistance of banana to Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, after treatment with silicon (Si) amendment. Plants from the Grand Nain (resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense) and “Maçã” (susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense) were grown in plastic pots amended with Si at 0 or 0.39 g/kg of soil (–Si or +Si, respectively) and inoculated with race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Relative lesion length (RLL) and asymptomatic fungal colonization in tissue (AFCT) were evaluated at 40 days after inoculation. Root samples were collected at different times after inoculation with F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense to determine the level of lipid peroxidation, expressed as equivalents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), total soluble phenolics (TSP), and lignin-thioglycolic acid (LTGA) derivatives; the activities of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyases glucanases (PALs), peroxidases (POXs), polyphenoloxidases (PPOs), β-1,3-glucanases (GLUs), and chitinases (CHIs); and Si concentration in roots. Root Si concentration was significantly increased by 35.3% for the +Si treatment compared with the –Si treatment. For Grand Nain, the root Si concentration was significantly increased by 12.8% compared with “Maçã.” Plants from Grand Nain and “Maçã” in the +Si treatment showed significant reductions of 40.0 and 57.2%, respectively, for RLL compared with the –Si treatment. For the AFCT, there was a significant reduction of 18.5% in the +Si treatment compared with the –Si treatment. The concentration of MDA significantly decreased for plants from Grand Nain and “Maçã” supplied with Si compared with the –Si treatment while the concentrations of H2O2 on roots and pigments on leaves significantly increased. The concentrations of TSP and LTGA derivatives as well as the PALs, PPOs, POXs, GLUs, and CHIs activities significantly increased on roots of plants from Grand Nain and “Maçã” from the +Si treatment compared with the –Si treatment. Results of this study suggest that the symptoms of Fusarium wilt on roots of banana plants supplied with Si decreased due to an increase in the concentrations of H2O2, TSP, and LTGA derivatives and greater activities of PALs, PPOs, POXs, GLUs, and CHIs.
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DAVIS, A. J., M. SAY, A. J. SNOW, and B. R. GRANT. "Sensitivity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense to phosphonate." Plant Pathology 43, no. 1 (February 1994): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00571.x.

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21

Ploetz, Randy C. "Fusarium Wilt of Banana Is Caused by Several Pathogens Referred to as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense." Phytopathology® 96, no. 6 (June 2006): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0653.

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Fusarium wilt of banana (also known as Panama disease) is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Where susceptible cultivars are grown, management is limited to the use of pathogen-free planting stock and clean soils. Resistant genotypes exist for some applications, but resistance is still needed in other situations. Progress has been made with this recalcitrant crop by traditional and nontraditional improvement programs. The disease was first reported in Australia in 1876, but did the greatest damage in export plantations in the western tropics before 1960. A new variant, tropical race 4, threatens the trades that are now based on Cavendish cultivars, and other locally important types such as the plantains. Phylogenetic studies indicate that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense had several independent evolutionary origins. The significance of these results and the future impact of this disease are discussed.
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22

Wilson, Maureen R., Winklet A. Gallimore, and Paul B. Reese. "Steroid transformations with Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense and Colletotrichum musae." Steroids 64, no. 12 (December 1999): 834–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-128x(99)00067-7.

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23

Davis, R. I., S. K. Tupouniua, L. J. Smith, and S. Bentley. "First record of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense from Tonga." Australasian Plant Pathology 33, no. 3 (2004): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap04029.

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Ploetz, R. C. "Vegetative Compatibility Among Races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense." Plant Disease 72, no. 4 (1988): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-72-0325.

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25

Al-Hetar, M. Y., M. A. Zainal Abidin, M. Sariah, and M. Y. Wong. "Antifungal activity of chitosan against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 120, no. 4 (December 10, 2010): 2434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.33455.

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26

Leong, S. K., Z. Latiffah, and S. Baharuddin. "Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Cubense of Banana." American Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 1301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1301.1307.

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27

Jacobo-Salcedo, Maria del Rosario, Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro, Luis A. Salazar-Olivo, Candy Carranza-Alvarez, Luis Ángel González-Espíndola, Fabiola Domínguez, Sandra Patricia Maciel-Torres, et al. "Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effects of Mexican Medicinal Plants." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 12 (December 2011): 1934578X1100601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601234.

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The antimicrobial effects of the Mexican medicinal plants Guazuma ulmifolia, Justicia spicigera, Opuntia joconostle, O. leucotricha, Parkinsonia aculeata, Phoradendron longifolium, P. serotinum, Psittacanthus calyculatus, Tecoma stans and Teucrium cubense were tested against several human multi-drug resistant pathogens, including three Gram (+) and five Gram (-) bacterial species and three fungal species using the disk-diffusion assay. The cytotoxicity of plant extracts on human cancer cell lines and human normal non-cancerous cells was also evaluated using the MTT assay. Phoradendron longifolium, Teucrium cubense, Opuntia joconostle, Tecoma stans and Guazuma ulmifolia showed potent antimicrobial effects against at least one multidrug-resistant microorganism (inhibition zone > 15 mm). Only Justicia spicigera and Phoradendron serotinum extracts exerted active cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer cells (IC50≤30 μg/mL). The results showed that Guazuma ulmifolia produced potent antimicrobial effects against Candida albicans and Acinetobacter lwoffii, whereas Justicia spicigera and Phoradendron serotinum exerted the highest toxic effects on MCF-7 and HeLa, respectively, which are human cancer cell lines. These three plant species may be important sources of antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents.
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Sánchez-Espinosa, Ana Claudia, José Luis Villarruel-Ordaz, and Luis Maldonado-Bonilla. "The cause and potential solution to the Fusarium wilt disease in banana plants." REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 38, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v38i2.617.

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The Fusarium wilt disease of banana caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is currently considered the most prominent disease that threatens the global fruit production. Control of this pathogen is essential to guarantee the supply of banana fruits. The use of chemical pesticides is a common practice for its control; however, this causes contamination of soils, water and atmosphere, and also affects the human health. The knowledge of natural antagonists of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is a reliable alternative to develop crop protection strategies. Concerning this, the genus Trichoderma comprises mycoparasitic species adapted to distinct environmental and soil conditions. The features of Trichoderma have enabled its use as an effective biological control agent, but this potential must be extended in order to prevent the economic losses caused by the Fusarium wilt. In this review we present essential information about two contrasting fungal inhabitants of the soil: a group of phytopathogens that produces deleterious consequences in banana plants and its potential antagonists that will provide novel methods of biological control.
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Soesanto, Loekas, Endang Mugiastuti, Fajarudin Ahmad, and Witjaksono Witjaksono. "DIAGNOSIS LIMA PENYAKIT UTAMA KARENA JAMUR PADA 100 KULTIVAR BIBIT PISANG." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2012): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11236-45.

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The research which aimed to identify main pathogenic fungi of 100 banana seedling cultivars and their disease intensity was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University with samples and field data taking at Indonesian Insitute of Science Bogor. This descriptive research was started by taking samples and field data followed by identification of pathogenic fungi at the laboratory. Variables observed were disease symptoms, colony and pathogenic morphology, kinds of the pathogen, disease intensity, and physical data. Result of the research showed that there were five main pathogenic fungi of the banana seedlings, i.e., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. cubense, causing Fusarium wilt; Mychosphaerella musicola Mulder, causing Mycosphaerella leaf spot or Sigatoka; Cordana musae (Zimm.) Hohn., causing Cordana leaf spot; Curvularia lunata, causing leaf spot; and Cladosporium musae Mason, causing speckle. From 100 banana seedling cultivars observed, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense was the most frequently found with the intensity of 1.4-72%, followed by Curvularia lunata, Mychosphaerella musicola, Cladosporium Musae, and Cordana musae with the intensity of 1-32, 2-18, 2-24, and 3-23%, respectively.
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Araujo, Edelcio Tavares de, Walclée de Carvalho Melo, Mário César Guerreiro, Roberto Santos Barbiéri, and Celeste Maria Patto de Abreu. "Efeito biocida de mandelatos organoestânicos sobre Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 28, no. 1 (February 2004): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542004000100004.

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Compostos organoestânicos são substâncias que têm sido utilizadas como biocidas. A vantagem do uso dessa classe de compostos é sua degradação em dióxido de estanho (SnO2), que é atóxico para o meio ambiente. Os complexos organoestânicos foram obtidos pela reação de quantidades eqüimolares dos isômeros dos ácidos R-(-)- e S-(+)-mandélicos e de dicloreto de difenilestanho, com o objetivo de testar o efeito biocida dos novos complexos sobre culturas do fungo Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, avaliando o potencial de inibição do crescimento micelial médio do fungo em teste direto in vitro, em meio de cultura BDA, a 25oC. Foram utilizadas as concentrações 0, 25, 100, 250 e 500 mg/kg, em quadruplicatas, com avaliações em 2, 4 e 7 dias. Os complexos R e S são insolúveis no meio BDA e os grânulos caoticamente dispersos efetivamente inibiram o crescimento fúngico.
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Moore, NY, KG Pegg, RN Allen, and JAG Irwin. "Vegetative compatibility and distribution of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 6 (1993): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930797.

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Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense from wilted banana plants in Queensland and New South Wales were characterised for vegetative compatibility. Six vegetative compatibility groups VCGs) were identified. Race 1 (VCGs 0124, 01241.5, 0125) was widespread, being detected in northern and southern Queensland as well as northern New South Wales. Race 2 (VCG 0128) was found attacking Bluggoe in North Queensland. Race 4 (VCGs 0120, 0129, 01211) was detected in Cavendish plantations in southern Queensland and in Lady finger plantations in New (South Wales and southern Queensland. Isolates of the race 4 VCG 0129 from Lady finger plantations were pathogenic to Cavendish cultivars in glasshouse tests.
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Sutherland, René, Altus Viljoen, Alexander A. Myburg, and Noëlani van den Berg. "Pathogenicity associated genes in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4." South African Journal of Science 109, no. 5/6 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/20120023.

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33

Wong, W. C., M. White, and I. G. Wright. "Production of monoclonal antibodies to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 4." Letters in Applied Microbiology 6, no. 3 (March 1988): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1988.tb01210.x.

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34

Thomas, V., M. A. Rutherford, and P. D. Bridge. "Molecular differentiation of two races of Fusarium oxysporum special form cubense." Letters in Applied Microbiology 18, no. 4 (April 1994): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1994.tb00844.x.

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35

Farah, Nadya. "SIX6 Shows High Divergence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, no. 06 (June 1, 2021): 1331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1795.

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Secreted fungal effector proteins and their host targets are good examples to understand the mechanism of host-pathogen co-evolution with genes involved in the interaction undergoing positive selection. SIX genes (secreted in xylem) are obtained via horizontal transfer and can be found within the formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum. SIX6 and SIX9 of F. oxysporum f. spp. cubense (Foc) are predicted to play a role as effectors. However, their involvement in the pathogenicity of Foc in banana plants has not been determined yet. In the susceptible banana cultivar, we found that the SIX6 and SIX9 genes of Foc TR4 were highly expressed in roots, but not in corms or leaves. The host, however, expressed the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, PR-1 and PR-3, in corms earlier than in the roots. Phylogenetic analysis on SIX6 and SIX9 genes of F. oxysporum has revealed the separation of SIX6 and SIX9 of Foc from other formae speciales. This leads to detecting genes under positive selection using the ratio nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (Ka/Ks). SIX6 of Foc showed an increase in diversity, but insufficient to drive positive selection. Conversely, SIX9 of Foc showed no divergence in the dN/dS ratio distribution, indicating purifying selection. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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36

Pegg, KG, NY Moore, and S. Bentley. "Fusarium wilt of banana in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 5 (1996): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960637.

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The history of Fusarium wilt of bananas (caused by F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense) and the research conducted on the disease in Australia is summarised in this review. Subjects covered include the classification of banana cultivars, the cultivars in production in the Australian banana industry, the distribution and diversity of the pathogen in Australia and pathogenicity and control of the disease.
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Ploetz, Randy C. "Fusarium Wilt of Banana." Phytopathology® 105, no. 12 (December 2015): 1512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-15-0101-rvw.

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Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the world’s most important fruits. In 2011, 145 million metric tons, worth an estimated $44 billion, were produced in over 130 countries. Fusarium wilt (also known as Panama disease) is one of the most destructive diseases of this crop. It devastated the ‘Gros Michel’-based export trades before the mid-1900s, and threatens the Cavendish cultivars that were used to replace it; in total, the latter cultivars are now responsible for approximately 45% of all production. An overview of the disease and its causal agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, is presented below. Despite a substantial positive literature on biological, chemical, or cultural measures, management is largely restricted to excluding F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense from noninfested areas and using resistant cultivars where the pathogen has established. Resistance to Fusarium wilt is poor in several breeding targets, including important dessert and cooking cultivars. Better resistance to this and other diseases is needed. The history and impact of Fusarium wilt is summarized with an emphasis on tropical race 4 (TR4), a ‘Cavendish’-killing variant of the pathogen that has spread dramatically in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Grimbeek, E. J., A. Viljoen, and S. Bentley. "First Occurrence of Panama Disease in Two Banana-Growing Areas of South Africa." Plant Disease 85, no. 11 (November 2001): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.11.1211b.

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Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) of bananas is well established in two of the five banana production regions in South Africa: Kiepersol (near Hazyview) and southern KwaZulu-Natal. The disease is caused by a soilborne fungus, Fusarium oxysporumSchlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. cubense (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyd. & H.N. Hans., which is most commonly introduced into an area by infected plant material or in contaminated soil attached to vehicles, farm machinery, or footwear. In September 2000, banana plants were observed dying at an experimental site in a commercial Cavendish plantation in the Tzaneen area of the Northern Province of South Africa. Symptoms included wilting of leaves (starting from the oldest foliage) and yellow-brown discoloration of vascular tissue in the rhizome and pseudostem. These symptoms are typical of those described for Panama disease of bananas (2). Similar symptoms were observed at another experimental site in a banana plantation in the Komatipoort region of the Mpumalanga Province in November 2000. Komatipoort is currently the largest banana production region in South Africa. Panama disease has not previously been reported in the Tzaneen and Komatipoort regions. Both are at least 200 km away from the other banana production areas in South Africa. Fungal isolations were made from four diseased plants in both Tzaneen and Komatipoort, and the discolored tissue of the pseudostem was placed on potato dextrose agar amended with novobiocin (0.2 g/liter). Single-spore cultures made from developing colonies were identified as F. oxysporum based on morphological characteristics. Isolates were sent to the Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Protection (CRCTPP) in Australia for identification by means of DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) analysis (1). Based on DAF analysis, isolates from Tzaneen and Komatipoort were identical to those in vegetative compatibility group 0120 of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (“subtropical” race 4), the causal agent of Panama disease in Kiepersol and southern KwaZulu-Natal. Pathogenicity studies were performed in the greenhouse by inoculating 5-cm Cavendish banana plants with two isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense from Tzaneen and two isolates from Komatipoort. Ten plants per isolate were inoculated by submerging their roots in a suspension of microconidia (105 spores/ml). Roots of control plants were submerged in sterile distilled water. Within 6 weeks, wilting symptoms developed on the lower leaves of inoculated banana plants, and the central cylinder of the rhizomes turned reddish brown. F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was reisolated from the diseased tissue to complete Koch's postulates. The outbreaks of Panama disease in Komatipoort and Tzaneen do not appear to have spread further. Both of the infected fields were placed under quarantine, and symptomatic plants were destroyed. References: (1) S. Bentley et al. Phytopathology 88:1283, 1998. (2) R. H. Stover. Fusarial Wilt (Panama Disease) of Bananas and Other Musa Species. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1962.
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Bianchini Jr., I., and M. B. Cunha-Santino. "The effect of the size of particles on mineralization of Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, no. 2b (May 2006): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000400008.

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Assays were carried out to evaluate effects of detritus size on the mineralization of an aquatic macrophyte, the Oxycaryum cubense. Samples of plant and water were collected from an oxbow lake, the Infernão lagoon (21° 35' S and 47° 51' W) located at Mogi Guaçu river floodplain. The plants were taken to the laboratory, washed under tap water, dried (50 °C) and fractioned into six groups according to their size, viz. 100, 10, 1.13, 0.78, 0.61 and 0.25 mm. Decomposition chambers were prepared by adding 1.0 g of plant fragments to 4.1 L of water lagoon. In sequence, the incubations were aerated and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, the pH, the electric conductivity and the temperature were monitored for 120 days. The occurrence of anaerobic processes was avoided by reoxygenating the solutions. The experimental results were fitted to a first order kinetic model and the consumption of dissolved oxygen from mineralization processes was obtained. The physical process of fragmentation of O. cubense detritus is unlikely to promote the consumption of higher quantities of dissolved oxygen in mineralization processes meaning that fragmentation should not interfere in the balance of DO in this aquatic system, however fragmentation processes favored the acidification and increased the liberation of dissolved ions from the Infernão lagoon.
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Leite, Kelly Regina Batista, Flávio França, and Vera Lúcia Scatena. "Anatomia de espécies anfíbias de Cyperaceae de lagoas do semi-árido, BA, Brasil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 23, no. 3 (September 2009): 786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062009000300019.

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Foi estudada a anatomia de raízes, rizomas, folhas e escapos de Cyperus odoratus L., Oxycaryum cubense (Poep. & Kunth) Lye e Pycreus macrostachyos (Lam.) Raynal (Cyperaceae-Poales) de lagoas do semi-árido da Bahia visando caracterizar anatomicamente as espécies e levantar estruturas adaptativas à forma de vida anfíbia. As espécies apresentam raízes com epiderme unisseriada, córtex com exoderme e lacunas de ar. Os rizomas apresentam feixes vasculares anfivasais ou colaterais no cilindro vascular. As folhas apresentam epiderme unisseriada, com células de parede periclinal externa mais espessada que a interna, estômatos somente na face abaxial, parênquima clorofiliano alternado com lacunas de ar e feixes vasculares colaterais. Os escapos apresentam epiderme unisseriada, feixes de fibras distribuídos perifericamente alternados com parênquima clorofiliano, lacunas de ar e feixes vasculares colaterais. Oxycaryum cubense difere de Cyperus odoratus e Pycreus macrostachyos por apresentar raízes com pêlos longos, rizomas e estolões com feixes vasculares colaterais, folhas com bordo agudo, e ausência de estrutura Kranz nas folhas e escapos. Características anatômicas como: lacunas de ar observadas principalmente nas raízes, células buliformes na face adaxial da epiderme foliar, hipoderme, reduzido número de elementos xilemáticos e pouca lignificação nas paredes celulares dos tecidos nos diferentes órgãos estudados são consideradas importantes na adaptação dessas plantas anfíbias às lagoas temporárias do semi-árido da Bahia.
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Li, Songwei, Yijie Dong, Lin Li, Yi Zhang, Xiufen Yang, Hongmei Zeng, Mingwang Shi, Xinwu Pei, Dewen Qiu, and Qianhua Yuan. "The Novel Cerato-Platanin-Like Protein FocCP1 from Fusarium oxysporum Triggers an Immune Response in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 2849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112849.

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Panama disease, or Fusarium wilt, the most serious disease in banana cultivation, is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) and has led to great economic losses worldwide. One effective way to combat this disease is by enhancing host plant resistance. The cerato-platanin protein (CPP) family is a group of small secreted cysteine-rich proteins in filamentous fungi. CPPs as elicitors can trigger the immune system resulting in defense responses in plants. In this study, we characterized a novel cerato-platanin-like protein in the secretome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC4), named FocCP1. In tobacco, the purified recombinant FocCP1 protein caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), formation of necrotic reaction, deposition of callose, expression of defense-related genes, and accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in tobacco. These results indicated that FocCP1 triggered a hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. Furthermore, FocCP1 enhanced resistance tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) disease and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pst. 6605) infection in tobacco and improved banana seedling resistance to FOC4. All results provide the possibility of further research on immune mechanisms of plant and pathogen interactions, and lay a foundation for a new biological strategy of banana wilt control in the future.
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Santos, Telma Miranda dos, Marcia Regina Costa, Adelica Aparecida Xavier, Silvia Nietsche, Thiago Prates Fernandes, and Gleice Viviane Nunes Pereira. "Variabilidade genética de isolados de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense obtidos de bananais do norte de Minas Gerais." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, no. 2 (June 2011): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011000200014.

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A banana é uma das frutas tropicais mais consumidas no mundo, respondendo por, aproximadamente, 10% do comércio mundial de frutas. O mal-do-panamá, causado por Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. cubense (E.F. Smith), é uma das principais doenças da bananeira. Os marcadores moleculares RAPD têm sido extremamente úteis para estudos de identificação taxonômica, análise de variabilidade da virulência em fungos fitopatogênicos, caracterização de raças e variabilidade inter e intraespecifica de populações de diferentes regiões. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de 36 culturas monospóricas de isolados de F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense por meio de marcadores moleculares do tipo RAPD. Foram selecionados 13 primers RAPD, e a análise de dados foi realizada utilizando-se do coeficiente de similaridade de Nei e Li. A partir da amplificação dos primers, foram obtidas 178 bandas, sendo que 167 (93,82%) apresentaram polimorfismo entre, pelo menos, dois isolados e apenas 11 (6,18%) apresentaram monomorfismo, demonstrando alta variabilidade entre os isolados. As distâncias genéticas variaram de 5,7 a 54,6%, sendo a distância média de 30,2%, e a distância média relativa, de 55,3%. De acordo com a análise de agrupamento (UPGMA), não foram observadas correlações entre os isolados estudados. Os resultados sugerem alta variabilidade genética entre os isolados avaliados, não ocorrendo agrupamento de acordo com a origem geográfica de coleta.
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43

Belgrove, A., C. Steinberg, and A. Viljoen. "Evaluation of Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudomonas fluorescens for Panama Disease Control." Plant Disease 95, no. 8 (August 2011): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-10-0409.

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Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum endophytes from healthy banana roots were evaluated for their ability to reduce Fusarium wilt of banana (Panama disease). Isolates were identified morphologically and by using species-specific primers. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating banana plantlets in the greenhouse. Nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were grouped into 14 haplotype groups by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the intergenic spacer region, and representative isolates evaluated for biocontrol of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. In the greenhouse, 10 nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were able to significantly reduce Fusarium wilt of banana. The isolate that protected banana plantlets best in the greenhouse, a nonpathogenic F. oxysporum from the root rhizosphere, and Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS 417 were then field tested. When the putative biological control organisms were tested in the field, neither the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum, P. fluorescens, nor combinations thereof reduced Fusarium wilt development significantly. A number of factors could contribute to the lack of field protection, including soil microbial and chemical composition and reduced survival of biocontrol organisms in banana roots. A lack of knowledge regarding the etiology of Fusarium wilt of ‘Cavendish’ banana in the subtropics and the effect of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race and banana cultivar in protection of banana by biocontrol organisms should be further investigated.
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44

Gordillo-Delgado, Fernando, and Mariana Botero-Zuluaga. "Monitoreo fotoacústico de plantas Musa acuminata (Musaceae) infectadas con el hongo Fusarium oxysporum (Nectriaceae)." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 44, no. 173 (December 7, 2020): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.1227.

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La técnica fotoacústica permite evaluar el comportamiento de la razón de evolución de oxígeno de las plantas, el cual es un indicador del rendimiento fotosintético. En este estudio se monitoreó este parámetro y el crecimiento de un grupo de plantas de banano Gros Michel (Musa AAA), infectadas con Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, patógeno causante de la marchitez vascular, una enfermedad destructiva que amenaza la sostenibilidad de los cultivares sensibles a ella en las regiones productoras. La infección efectiva de las plantas y el progreso de la marchitez comúnmente se evalúan a partir de la manifestación de los primeros síntomas externos de clorosis en las hojas bajeras, a los que se asigna un valor cuantitativo según su gravedad. Aunque en el análisis de la razón de evolución de oxígeno y del crecimiento no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre las plantas infectadas con Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense y las plantas sanas, se demostró que esta técnica permite incluir caracteres fenotípicos relacionados con la actividad fotosintética en la caracterización de los cultivos. Los resultados en cuanto a la afectación de la enfermedad se pueden asociar con las condiciones de cultivo en invernadero y con la etapa asintomática de la enfermedad en la que se hizo la observación.
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Kung'u, J., and P. Jeffries. "VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS WITHIN KENYAN POPULATIONS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 490 (September 1998): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.490.30.

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Regalado Guijarro, V. M., and J. M. Hernández Hernández. "RACIAL STRUCTURE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE IN THE CANARY ISLANDS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 490 (September 1998): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.490.31.

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47

Bryson, Charles T., Victor L. Maddox, and Richard Carter. "Spread of Cuban Club-Rush (Oxycaryum cubense) in the Southeastern United States." Invasive Plant Science and Management 1, no. 3 (July 2008): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-08-083.1.

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48

Ploetz, R. C. "VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY IN FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE: CLASSIFYING PREVIOUSLY NONCHARACTERIZED STRAINS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 275 (July 1990): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.275.87.

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Rusli, Iqna Khayatina, Arif Wibowo, and Christanti Sumardiyono. "Viabilitas dan Virulensi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense yang Dipreservasi dengan Liofilisasi." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 22, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.25715.

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Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is still pose as constraint to banana production all over the world. The objective of this research was to examine the viability and virulence of Foc isolates which had been preserved with lyophilization for 18 years. The experiment used 19 isolates of Foc, which were Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidogede, Sidatan, Kemiri, Juwangen, A-17, A-11, PS-5, B4-3-1, Fo2.16.16., PS-10, A-2, and Irja. The results showed that 12 isolates could grow well on PDA medium, namely Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidatan, Juwangen, PS-5, B4-3-1, and Fo2.16.16. Meanwhile, seven isolates (Sidogede, Kemiri, A-17, A-11, PS-10, A-2, and Irja) could not grow or develop on PDA medium. The result of pathogenicity test showed that six tested Foc isolates had very high virulences, with disease severity index of about 2.14–2.71. Other three isolates revealed high virulences with disease severity index around 2.01–2.07. Meanwhile, another three less virulent isolates demonstrated disease severity index in the range of 1.39–1.67. Intisari Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cubense (Foc) masih menjadi kendala dalam produksi pisang di seluruh dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji viabilitas dan virulensi isolat Foc yang telah dipreservasi dengan liofilisasi selama 18 tahun. Penelitian menggunakan 19 isolat Foc yaitu Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidogede, Sidatan, Kemiri, Juwangen, A-17, A-11, PS-5, B4-3-1, Fo2.16.16., PS-10, A-2, dan Irja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12 isolat Foc mampu tumbuh dengan baik pada medium PDA yaitu Pekulo, Sukorejo, Kali Sepanjang, Kalibaru, Purwojoyo, Prembun, Mulyosari, Sidatan, Juwangen, PS-5, B4-3-1, dan Fo2.16.16. 7 isolat tidak mampu tumbuh pada medium PDA yaitu Sidogede, Kemiri, A-17, A-11, PS-10, A-2, dan Irja. Enam isolat Foc yang diuji memiliki virulensi sangat tinggi dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 2,14–2,71. Tiga isolat yang lain memiliki virulensi tinggi dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 2,01–2,07. Sedangkan 3 isolat lainnya memiliki virulensi yang lebih rendah dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar antara 1,39–1,67.
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O'Neill, W. T., A. B. Pattison, J. W. Daniells, C. Hermanto, and A. B. Molina. "VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUP ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE ISOLATES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 897 (May 2011): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.897.47.

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