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Journal articles on the topic 'Cubensis mushroom'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Santos, Geyse Souza, Bruno Jhosef Freires de Souza, Ludmilla da Silva Brandão, Rui Santana de Menezes, and Clarice Maia Carvalho. "Chemical analysis of wild edible mushrooms from the South-Western Amazon." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 46 (December 5, 2024): e71859. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v46i1.71859.

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Edible mushrooms are widely studied because they have nutritional and medicinal properties, being considered a good source of protein, with an amount comparable to animal protein and low in fat. Due to the presence of specific bioactive compounds in mushrooms, they have a high therapeutic value in strengthening the immune system and preventing diseases and can be considered highly functional foods. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional composition of wild mushrooms from the South-western Amazon. Two fungal samples that showed low cytotoxicity against HepG2 in a previ

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Kusumadewi, Andrian Fajar. "Case Report: Magic Mushroom (Psilocybe Cubensis) Intoxication." Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 1, no. 2 (2021): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v1i2.7.

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Introduction. Psilocybe mushroom, or wi dely known as the magic mushroom is a variety of mushroom commonly consumed because of hallucinogenic traits it causes toward its consumer. This hallucinogenic effect is caused by Psilocybin, a hallucinogenic substance often found within Psilocybe mushroom. This substance affects mental state of the consumer and has similar effect to those of LSD and Mescaline. Aside from its effect to cause mental disturbance, consumption of this mushroom may cause acute renal injury which leads to a fatal and life -threatening situation. Case presentation. A case

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Kusumadewi, Andrian Fajar. "Case Report: Magic Mushroom (Psilocybe Cubensis) Intoxication." Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 1, no. 2 (2020): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v1i2.505.

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A B S T R A C TIntroduction Psilocybe mushroom, or widely known as the magic mushroom is avariety of mushroom commonly consumed because of hallucinogenic traits it causestoward its consumer. This hallucinogenic effect is caused by Psilocybin, ahallucinogenic substance often found within Psilocybe mushroom. This substanceaffects mental state of the consumer and has similar effect to those of LSD andMescaline. Aside from its effect to cause mental disturbance, consumption of thismushroom may cause acute renal injury which leads to a fatal and life-threateningsituation.Case presentation: A case o

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Kusumadewi, Andrian Fajar. "Case Report: Magic Mushroom (Psilocybe Cubensis) Intoxication." Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 1, no. 2 (2020): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v1i2.13.

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A B S T R A C TIntroduction Psilocybe mushroom, or widely known as the magic mushroom is avariety of mushroom commonly consumed because of hallucinogenic traits it causestoward its consumer. This hallucinogenic effect is caused by Psilocybin, ahallucinogenic substance often found within Psilocybe mushroom. This substanceaffects mental state of the consumer and has similar effect to those of LSD andMescaline. Aside from its effect to cause mental disturbance, consumption of thismushroom may cause acute renal injury which leads to a fatal and life-threateningsituation.Case presentation: A case o

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Kuchar, *Martin, Klara Gotwaldova, Jan Borovicka, Radek Jurok, Petra Cihlarova, and Katerina Hajkova. "DETERMINATION OF TRYPTAMINE ALKALOIDS AND THEIR STABILITY IN PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOMS." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 28, Supplement_1 (2025): i151. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.260.

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Abstract Synthetic psilocybin (PSB), but also the PSB-containing mushrooms are used for psychedelic therapy and microdosing. It is necessary to know alkaloids variability and stability in wild-grown mushrooms. Concentrations of other psychotropic (or potentially psychotropic) tryptamines such as psilocin (PS), baeocystin (BA), norbaeocystin (NB), and aeruginascin (AE) are also relevant. This study aims to determine the concentrations of PSB, PS, BA, NB and AE in a large sample set of mushroom genera previously reported to contain psychotropic tryptamines. Freshly cultivated fruit bodies of Psi

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Trierveiler Pereira, Larissa, Airlaine Francisco, and Juliano Marcon Baltazar. "New observation on mycophagy: consumption of coconut mushroom (Oudemansiella cubensis) by the Brazilian squirrel (Guerlinguetus brasiliensis)." Steviana 16, no. 2 (2025): 5–11. https://doi.org/10.56152/stevianafacenv16n2a1_2024.

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Squirrels and chipmunks are known to have mycophagous habits. Nonetheless, records of mycopaghy involving these animals not always present the fungal species involved, specially when they are epigeous mushrooms in Neotropical forests. Here, we report events of mycophagy involving the Brazilian squirrel (Guerlinguetus brasiliensis) and coconut mushroom (Oudemansiella cubensis), including description of the event and presenting photographs. The aim of this study is to discuss the mycophagous habit of the Brazilian squirrel.

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Wartchow, Felipe, Aline S. Carvalho, Maria C. A. Sousa, and Vagner G. Cortez. "Some coprophilous Psilocybe (Strophariaceae) from Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil." SITIENTIBUS série Ciências Biológicas 7, no. 2 (2007): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/scb8115.

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Coprophilous species Psilocybe argentina, P. pegleriana and P. cubensis are reported for the first time for Northeast Brazil. The last one is a hallucinogenic mushroom. Descriptions, discussions and drawings of the species are provided.

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Wartchow, Felipe, Aline S. Carvalho, Maria C. A. Sousa, and Vagner G. Cortez. "Some coprophilous Psilocybe (Strophariaceae) from Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil." SITIENTIBUS série Ciências Biológicas 7, no. 2 (2007): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/scb8115.

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Coprophilous species Psilocybe argentina, P. pegleriana and P. cubensis are reported for the first time for Northeast Brazil. The last one is a hallucinogenic mushroom. Descriptions, discussions and drawings of the species are provided.

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Mancuello, Claudia, Yanine Maubet, Enzo Cristaldo, et al. "<i>Oudemansiella cubensis</i> an Edible Mushroom from the Neotropics with Biological and Nutritional Benefits." Natural Resources for Human Health 4, no. 3 (2024): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/189170.

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In this work, we evaluated the antioxidant, toxicological, mutagenic, antigenotoxic and nutritional properties of <i>Oudemansiella cubensis</i>, which is a mushroom found in neotropical regions worldwide and native to Paraguay. Nutritional content analyses revealed that <i>O. cubensis</i> is a rich source of protein, dietary fiber, and fats. Antimicrobial analyses showed antimicrobial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. Additionally, the species resulted to be nontoxic for human consumption with an LD&

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Kurzbaum, Eyal, Tomáš Páleníček, Amiel Shrchaton, Sara Azerrad, and Yaron Dekel. "Exploring Psilocybe cubensis Strains: Cultivation Techniques, Psychoactive Compounds, Genetics and Research Gaps." Journal of Fungi 11, no. 2 (2025): 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11020099.

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Psilocybe cubensis, a widely recognized psychoactive mushroom species, has played a significant role in both historical and modern therapeutic practices. This review explores the complex interplay between genetic diversity, strain variability and environmental factors that shape the biosynthesis of key psychoactive compounds, including psilocybin and psilocin. With many strains exhibiting substantial variability in their phenotypic characteristics and biochemical content, understanding and documenting this diversity is crucial for optimizing therapeutic applications. The review also highlights

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McKernan, Kevin, Liam T. Kane, Seth Crawford, Chen-Shan Chin, Aaron Trippe, and Stephen McLaughlin. "A draft sequence reference of the Psilocybe cubensis genome." F1000Research 10 (April 9, 2021): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51613.1.

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We describe the use of high-fidelity single molecule sequencing to assemble the genome of the psychoactive Psilocybe cubensis mushroom. The genome is 46.6Mb, 46% GC, and in 32 contigs with an N50 of 3.3Mb. The BUSCO completeness scores are 97.6% with 1.2% duplicates. The Psilocybin synthesis cluster exists in a single 3.2Mb contig. The dataset is available from NCBI BioProject with accessions PRJNA687911 and PRJNA700437.

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McKernan, Kevin, Liam T. Kane, Seth Crawford, Chen-Shan Chin, Aaron Trippe, and Stephen McLaughlin. "A draft reference assembly of the Psilocybe cubensis genome." F1000Research 10 (June 15, 2021): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51613.2.

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We describe the use of high-fidelity single molecule sequencing to assemble the genome of the psychoactive Psilocybe cubensis mushroom. The genome is 46.6Mb, 46% GC, and in 32 contigs with an N50 of 3.3Mb. The BUSCO completeness scores are 97.6% with 1.2% duplicates. The Psilocybin synthesis cluster exists in a single 3.2Mb contig. The dataset is available from NCBI BioProject with accessions PRJNA687911 and PRJNA700437.

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Petter, Rodrigo A., María D. Montero, and Cinthia D. Gigliotti. "Prolonged hallucinogenic effects following Psilocybe cubensis ingestion: Case report." Poison 2, no. 2 (2025): 17–20. https://doi.org/10.62129/dmad8764.

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Psilocybe cubensis is a widely used psilocybin-containing mushroom with well-documented acute psychoactive effects. We report a case of prolonged perceptual disturbances and flashbacks occurring weeks after ingestion, requiring psychopharmacological intervention. This case illustrates the potential for persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms following psilocybin intoxication and highlights the need for individualized treatment approaches. Given the increasing recreational use of psilocybin, enhanced harm reduction strategies and expanded clinical research are essential for effective management.

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Austin, Emily, Hilary S. Myron, Richard K. Summerbell, and Constance A. Mackenzie. "Acute renal injury cause by confirmed Psilocybe cubensis mushroom ingestion." Medical Mycology Case Reports 23 (March 2019): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.12.007.

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15

Seo, J. S. "Current situation regarding psychedelics and magic mushroom in Korea." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1695.

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IntroductionRecently, the pros and cons have been debating in Korea even before the approval of use of medical marijuana with very strict limitations. And the next controversial topic is psychedelics. In 1890, when mescaline was first isolated from peyote cactus, clinical researches began, but due to its harmful effects, it was thereafter legally prohibited in 1970 in USA. However, a pernicious debate over the medical efficacy of psychedelic drugs has begun again with the release of a study that uses psychedelic mushrooms to be effective against treatment-resistant depression, alcohol dependen

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Moldavan, Mykhaylo, Elvira F. Solomko, Anna A. Grodzinskaya, Victor M. Storozhuk, and Marharyta L. Lomberg. "Neurotropic Effect of Extracts from the Hallucinogenic Mushroom Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. (Agaricomycetideae). In Vitro Studies." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2, no. 4 (2000): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v2.i4.130.

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Galdino, Taynah P., Lucas C. Oliveira, Mateus A. Luz, et al. "Extraction Yields of Psilocybin and Psilocin: A Short Review of Current Methods and Their Implications." Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 3 (2025): 380. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18030380.

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The growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of psychoactive substances, like psilocybin, has driven significant interest in recent decades due to their low toxicity and potential applications in treating various mental health disorders. However, producing pharmaceutical-grade psilocybin remains challenging, with three primary approaches: chemical synthesis, biosynthesis, and extraction from Psilocybe mushroom fruiting bodies. This systematic review evaluates the extraction and quantification methods for psilocybin and psilocin, aiming to contribute to the development of st

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Musikaphongsakul, Prinya, Kimheang Ya, Pakpoom Subsoontorn, and Manupat Lohitnavy. "Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of psilocybin and psilocin from magic mushroom in rats and humans." F1000Research 10 (March 15, 2021): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28133.1.

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Background: Psilocybin (PB) is a psychoactive compound commonly found in magic mushroom (Psilocybe cubensis). PB is quickly converted by the body to psilocin (PI), which has a psychedelic effect through the activation of the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. The objective of this study is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of PB and PI in rats and humans for predicting concentrations of the psychoactive substance in the brain. Methods: Following a search in PubMed, three studies were retrieved and information concerning concentration-time profiles of PI were extracted

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Costa, A.L., M.-F. Mendes, C. Furlan-Lopes, F.A. Bertazzo-Silva, A. Kohler, and J. Putzke. "First report of Zygothrica candens Burla, 1956 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in mycophagic association with the mushroom Oudemansiella cubensis (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) R.H. Petersen, 2010 (Agaricales, Physalacriaceae) in southern Brazil." Braz. J. Biol. 82, e267871 (2022): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.267871.

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Zhang, Xiaochun, Huan Yu, Qi Yang, et al. "A Forensic Detection Method for Hallucinogenic Mushrooms via High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis." Genes 12, no. 2 (2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020199.

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In recent years, trafficking and abuse of hallucinogenic mushrooms have become a serious social problem. It is therefore imperative to identify hallucinogenic mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe for national drug control legislation. An internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is a DNA barcoding tool utilized for species identification. Many methods have been used to discriminate the ITS region, but they are often limited by having a low resolution. In this study, we sought to analyze the ITS and its fragments, ITS1 and ITS2, by using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, which is a rapid and sensitiv

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Pattikawa, Apriyanti Santi, Joseph Pagaya, and Jogeneis Patty. "IN VITRO ANTAGONISM OF THE ISOLATE MUSHROOM Trichoderma harzianum TO Fusarium oxyzporum f. sp. Cubense CAUSES WILT DISEASE IN BANANA KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca normalis)." RUMPHIUS Pattimura Biological Journal 2, no. 2 (2020): 050–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/rumphiusv2i2p050-055.

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Trichorderma harzianum is a soil native fungus that is beneficial because it has high antagonistic properties against plant pathogenic fungi. Control mechanisms can be: antibiosis, parasitism, competition and hyphae interference. T. harzianum as a biological control agent for the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxyforum f. sp. Cubense is an alternative to control this pathogenic fungus, without causing a negative impact on the environment. The aim of the study was to determine whether Trichodernma harzianum isolates Piru, Kairatu and Uraur could suppress the growth of the fungus Fusarium oxyforum f

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Masrukhin, Masrukhin, Ade Lia Putri, Tri Ratna Sulistiyani, et al. "Antifungal Activity of Bacterial Isolates from Straw Mushroom Cultivation Medium against Phytopathogenic Fungi." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (2021): 59235. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.59235.

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Several bacteria were isolated from straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) cultivation medium. There are three potential isolates previously characterized and has growth inhibition effect against V. volvacea. This screening result lead to the further study about the inhibition activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this research is to investigate the antifungal activity of three bacterial isolates against three phytopathogenic fungi and identification of the bacteria. The method used in this study are antifungal assay using co-culture method and disk difussion assay using the filtra

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Viana, Leticia Ramos, Theresa de Moura Monteiro, Jéssica Dorneles Torres, Thamiris Silva dos Santos Vargas, Lydia Mansur Ribeiro Correia, and Breno Garone dos Santos. "EFEITOS DE FÁRMACOS PSICOTRÓPICOS NO TRATAMENTO DE DISTÚRBIOS COMPORTAMENTAIS EM CÃES (CANIS FAMILIARIS)." Revista ft 28, no. 139 (2024): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.69849/revistaft/fa10202410311617.

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With the strengthening of human-animal interaction and the scientific recognition of sentience, there has been a significant increase in the perception of atypical behaviors in companion animals, as observed by legal guardians and veterinarians. In general terms, such changes occur due to excessive humanization, stress, fear, or inappropriate environments, leading to variations in temperament, emotional dependency, and/or inhibition of species-specific natural behaviors. The class of psychotropic drugs offers pharmacological treatment for the mental state of these animals by modulating neurotr

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Ocimati, Walter, Evans Were, Anthony Fredrick Tazuba, Miguel Dita, Si-Jun Zheng, and Guy Blomme. "Spent Pleurotus ostreatus Substrate Has Potential for Managing Fusarium Wilt of Banana." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 11 (2021): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7110946.

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A range of basidiomycetes including the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Po) can suppress plant pathogens such as Fusarium spp. With the current increase in production and consumption of Po in Uganda, the spent Po substrate (SPoS) could be an alternative to manage Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by the soil borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, race 1 (Foc). This study determined the potential of SPoS to inhibit Foc in vitro and in potted plants. In vitro studies confirmed suppression of Foc in pure co-culture (Po vs. Foc) assays and media amended with different concentra

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Schäfer, Eike, Paula Sophie Seibold, Stefan Bartram, et al. "A „Magic Mushroom“ Multi‐Product Sesquiterpene Synthase." ChemBioChem, August 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202300511.

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Psilocybe “magic mushrooms” are chemically well understood for their psychotropic tryptamines. However, the diversity of their other specialized metabolites, in particular terpenoids, has largely remained an open question. Yet, knowledge on the natural product background is critical to understand if other compounds modulate the psychotropic pharmacological effects. CubA, the single clade II sesquiterpene synthase of P. cubensis, was heterologously produced in Escherichia coli and characterized in vitro, complemented by in vivo product formation assays in Aspergillus niger as heterologous host.

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Kryskow, Pamela, Paul Stamets, Joseph La Torre, Katherine Sattler, Vivian WL Tsang, and Monnica Williams. "“The mushroom was more alive and vibrant”: Patient reports of synthetic versus organic forms of psilocybin." Journal of Psychedelic Studies, October 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2054.2024.00379.

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AbstractInterest in psychedelic research in the West is surging, however, clinical trials have almost exclusively studied synthetic compounds such as MDMA, ketamine, DMT, LSD, ibogaine, and psilocybin. To date, few clinical trials have utilized whole mushroom/plant material like Psilocybe mushrooms, Iboga, or Ayahuasca. Individuals participating in the Roots To Thrive Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for End of Life Distress program were administered synthetic psilocybin, whole Psilocybe cubensis, and mycological extract on separate occasions and post-treatment interview transcripts were qualitativ

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Nkadimeng, Sanah M., Christiaan M. L. Steinmann, and Jacobus N. Eloff. "Effects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushroom extracts on endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy and cell injury in cardiomyocytes." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79328-5.

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AbstractPrevalence of major depression in people with chronic heart failure is higher than in normal populations. Depression in heart failure has become a major issue. Psilocybin-containing mushrooms commonly known as magic mushrooms, have been used since ancient times for their mind healing properties. Their safety in cardiovascular disease conditions is not fully known and may pose as a risk for users suffering from these illnesses. Study investigates the effects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushrooms use from genus Psilocybe and Panaeolus respectively, in

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Melo, Luíze Garcia de, Caroline Quintana Braga, Carolina dos Santos Bermann, et al. "Inhibitory potential of bioactive extracts from southern Brazil mushrooms on the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum." Ciência Rural 54, no. 10 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20230528.

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ABSTRACT: Pythium insidiosum is an important oomycete pathogen of mammals that causes pythiosis, an endemic disease in warm climates that stands out for its unfavorable prognosis, lethality in the affected species, and difficulties in treatment. This study evaluated in vitro anti-P. insidiosum potential of aqueous, hydroethanolic, and ethanolic extracts of indigenous wild mushrooms from southern Brazil. The extracts were prepared from Amanita gemmata, Amanita muscaria, Auricularia auricula, Gymnopilus junonius, Lactarius deliciosus, Laccaria laccata, Psilocybe cubensis, and Russula xerampelina

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Baltazar, Juliano M., Thiago Ghiraldini Caetano, and Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira. "Mycophagous behavior by small mammals observed through camera traps in a riparian forest fragment in Southwestern São Paulo, Brazil." Lilloa, July 3, 2025, 247–62. https://doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2158.

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Macrofungi play a crucial role in forest ecosystems by decomposing organic matter and influencing nutrient dynamics. They are characterized by the production of visible reproductive structures known as sporomes, commonly referred to as mushrooms, bracket fungi, among others. Macrofungi of various species are recognized as an important food resource for many animals. However, knowledge regarding the interactions between these fungi and native small mammals in the wild remains limited in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the consumption of macrofungi by vertebrates in a riparian forest fra

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Thaoboonruang, Nilubon, Manupat Lohitnavy, and Ornrat Lohitnavy. "Pharmacokinetics of Psilocybin, a Tryptamine Alkaloid in Magic Mushroom ( Psilocybe cubensis ): A Systematic Review." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, September 10, 2024, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2399128.

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Gotvaldová, Klára, Kateřina Hájková, Jan Borovička, Radek Jurok, Petra Cihlářová, and Martin Kuchař. "Stability of psilocybin and its four analogs in the biomass of the psychotropic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis." Drug Testing and Analysis, November 4, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2950.

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Y. Abdul-Hadi, Shimal, Noor Alaubidi, Walla H. Shuker, and Sanabel A. Abd Almajeed. "BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PSILOCYBIN EXTRACTS FROM THE FRUITING BODIES OF PSILOCYBE CUBENSIS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL." Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences, March 13, 2025, e12097. https://doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.12097.

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Several fruiting bodies from Mosul forests were collected and were diagnosed using the Polymerase Chain Technique based on ITS region. It was proved they belong to Psilocybe cubensis mushroom, and was registered in the GenBank, NCBI in the serial number OR140556.1. The fruiting body powder was used in order to extract the alkaloid compound “Psilocybe”, which was analyzed using HPLC technique. As a result, a single peak for this compound appeared, at a retention time of 19.73 which is very close to the standard compound,s retention time of 19.98. Also, alkaloid compound “Psilocybe” showed the a

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Goff, Roman, Morgan Smith, Sabrina Islam, et al. "Determination of psilocybin and psilocin content in multiple Psilocybe cubensis mushroom strains using liquid chromatography – Tandem mass spectrometry." Analytica Chimica Acta, December 2023, 342161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2023.342161.

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Thaoboonruang, Nilubon, Ornrat Lohitnavy, Kimheang Ya, and Manupat Lohitnavy. "Development of a PBPK model of psilocybin/psilocin from Psilocybe cubensis (magic mushroom) in mice, rats, and humans." Scientific Reports 15, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98202-w.

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Hernandez-Leon, Alberto, Raúl Iván Escamilla-Orozco, Aylín R. Tabal-Robles, et al. "Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities and acute toxicity evaluation of the Psilocybe cubensis mushroom in experimental models in mice." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, November 2023, 117415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117415.

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Seibold, Paula Sophie, Sebastian Dörner, Janis Fricke, Tim Schäfer, Christine Beemelmanns, and Dirk Hoffmeister. "Genetic regulation of l-tryptophan metabolism in Psilocybe mexicana supports psilocybin biosynthesis." Fungal Biology and Biotechnology 11, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40694-024-00173-6.

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Abstract Background Although Basidiomycota produce pharmaceutically and ecologically relevant natural products, knowledge of how they coordinate their primary and secondary metabolism is virtually non-existent. Upon transition from vegetative mycelium to carpophore formation, mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe use l-tryptophan to supply the biosynthesis of the psychedelic tryptamine alkaloid psilocybin with the scaffold, leading to a strongly increased demand for this particular amino acid as this alkaloid may account for up to 2% of the dry mass. Using Psilocybe mexicana as our model and relyin

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Kim, Kyunghee, Mohammadamin Shahsavarani, Jorge Jonathan Oswaldo Garza‐García, et al. "Biosynthesis of kratom opioids." New Phytologist, July 30, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.19162.

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Summary Mitragynine, an analgesic alkaloid from the plant Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), offers a safer alternative to clinical opioids such as morphine, owing to its more favorable side effect profile. Although kratom has been traditionally used for stimulation and pain management in Southeast Asia, the mitragynine biosynthesis pathway has remained elusive. We embarked on a search for mitragynine biosynthetic genes from the transcriptomes of kratom and other members of the Rubiaceae family. We studied their functions in vitro and in vivo. Our investigations led to the identification of several

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Costa, A. L., M. F. Mendes, C. Furlan-Lopes, F. A. Bertazzo-Silva, A. Köhler, and J. Putzke. "First report of Zygothrica candens Burla, 1956 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in mycophagic association with the mushroom Oudemansiella cubensis (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) R.H. Petersen, 2010 (Agaricales, Physalacriaceae) in southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 82 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.267871.

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Brandão, Zeferino da Costa, Joaozito Barreto, and Miguel Pinto. "Analysis of the Diversity of Macrofungary Species that Live in the Environment in the Village of Aldeia Bahabunac, Suco Uma Ki'ik, Administrativo Posto Viqueque, Municipio Viqueque." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, June 11, 2025, 4308–13. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25may1512.

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This research is referred to analysis of the diversity of macrofungary species that live in the environment in the village of aldeia bahabunac, suco uma ki'ik, administrativo posto viqueque, municipio viqueque. The aim of this research to identify entophytic macrophages, which live inside plants without causing any apparent damage, have aroused great interest on the part of mycologists. The nature of this relationship has not yet been adequately clarified, assuming that it is an evolved form of symbiosis that may eventually become parasitic. Fungi are of primary importance in different environ

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Silva, Regina, and da Fonseca Marta Lima. "Medicinal Mushrooms in Mental Health: A Review of TCM and Naturopathy." Journal of Complementary Therapies in Health 2, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13353841.

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Medicinal mushrooms have long been an integral part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and are increasingly recognized for their potential mental health benefits. This review examines the therapeutic properties of several medicinal mushrooms—Agaricus blazei, Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis, Hericium erinaceus, and Psilocybe cubensis—focusing on their bioactive compounds and applications in mental health. These mushrooms are rich in polysaccharides and triterpenoids, which contribute to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effe

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Jasemi, Eghbal, Ali Razmi, Salar Vaseghi, Shayan Amiri, and S. Mahmoud A. Najafi. "The effect of Psilocybe cubensis alkaloids on depressive-like behavior in mice exposed to maternal separation with respect to hippocampal gene expression and DNA methylation of Slc6a4 and Nr3c1." Behavioural Pharmacology, February 20, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000813.

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Maternal separation as an early life stress can lead to long-lasting deleterious effects on cognitive and behavioral functions, and the mood state. On the other hand, Psilocybe cubensis (as one of the most well-known magic mushrooms) may be beneficial in the improvement or the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of P. cubensis extract (PCE) on depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors, and locomotor activity in mice exposed to early maternal separation. Also, we assessed the expression and methylation level of Slc6a4 and Nr3c1 in t

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Zschoche, Nick, Sebastian Schober, Karl Walther, et al. "Clade III Synthases Add Cyclic And Linear Terpenoids To The Psilocybe Metabolome." ChemBioChem, May 3, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202500167.

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Psilocybe “magic mushrooms” are best known for their indolethylamine psilocybin, yet they encode enzymes for a much more diverse arsenal of small and potentially bioactive molecules. Here, we report on four Psilocybe cubensis clade III sesquiterpene synthases, CubB‐CubE, whose genes are differently expressed in fruiting bodies compared to vegetative mycelium. CubB‐CubE were functionally characterized in vitro by product formation assays with heterologously produced enzymes and in vivo by transgene expression in Aspergillus niger, followed by extensive GC‐MS analyses. CubB was identified as a s

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Cavanna, Federico, Stephanie Muller, Laura Alethia de la Fuente, et al. "Microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study." Translational Psychiatry 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02039-0.

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AbstractThe use of low sub-perceptual doses of psychedelics (“microdosing”) has gained popularity in recent years. Although anecdotal reports claim multiple benefits associated with this practice, the lack of placebo-controlled studies severely limits our knowledge of microdosing and its effects. Moreover, research conducted in standard laboratory settings could fail to capture the motivation of individuals engaged or planning to engage in microdosing protocols, thus underestimating the likelihood of positive effects on creativity and cognitive function. We recruited 34 individuals starting to

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Henry, Philippe. "A set of SNPs and Indels in the psilocybin biosynthetic pathway cluster: candidates markers for chemotypic expression in two species of Psilocybe mushrooms." May 20, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775044.

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Wood, Elisabeth. "Psychedelic Sensationalism: An Analysis of the Schedule Classification of Psilocybin." Vanderbilt Undergraduate Research Journal 13, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.15695/vurj.v13i1.5403.

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In 1970, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration passed the Controlled Substances Act. This statute classified and banned a variety of drugs including psilocybin, the psychoactive component found in Psilocybe Cubensis (also known as "Magic Mushrooms"). Though psilocybin was known to possess many medical benefits and cause no serious side effects, the Controlled Substances Act designated it as one of the most dangerous drugs, earning it a Schedule I classification. This meant possession and use incurred the highest level of legal punishment, and psilocybin could not be used under any

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Pereira Galdino, Taynah, Lucas C. Oliveira, Mateus A. Luz, et al. "Exploring the Frontiers of Psychedelics: A New Chromatographic Method for Detection and Quantification of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Psilocybe cubensis Mushrooms." ACS Omega, July 9, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c02751.

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