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Dasgan, H. Y., S. Kusvuran, K. Abak, L. Leport, F. Larher, and A. Bouchereau. "The relationship between citrulline accumulation and salt tolerance during the vegetative growth of melon (Cucumis melo L.)." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 2 (February 24, 2009): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/316-pse.
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Citrulline has been recently shown to behave as a novel compatible solute in the <i>Citrullus lanatus</i> (<i>Cucurbitaceae</i>) growing under desert conditions. In the present study we have investigated some aspects of the relationship which might occur in leaves of melon seedlings, also known to produce citrulline, between the capacity to accumulate this ureido amino acid and salt tolerance. With this end in view, salt-induced changes at the citrulline level have been compared in two melon genotypes exhibiting contrasted abilities to withstand the damaging effects of high salinity. Progressive salinization of the growing solution occurred at 23 days after sowing. The final 250 mmol/l external NaCl concentration was reached within 5 days and further maintained for 16 days. In response to this treatment, it was found that the citrulline amount increased in fully expanded leaves of both genotypes according to different kinetics. The salt tolerant genotype Midyat was induced to accumulate citrulline 4 days before the salt sensitive Yuva and as a consequence the final amount of this amino acid was twice higher in the former than in the latter. Compared with citrulline, the free proline level was found to be relatively low and the changes induced in response to the salt treatment exhibited different trends according to the genotypes under study. Thus at the end of the treatment mature leaves of the salt sensitive Yuva contained higher amount of proline than those of Midyat. The changes in the calculated molar ratio between citrulline and free proline suggested that salt tolerance might be associated with high values for this ratio and vice et versa for sensitivity. The interest of citrulline as a biochemical marker for salt tolerance of melon genotypes is discussed.
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Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin, Saidareddy Venna, Yahya Mohzari, Ahmed Alrashed, Hamdan Najib Alajami, Awad Othman Aljohani, Abdullah Ali Al Mushtawi, et al. "Cucumis melo Enhances Enalapril Mediated Cardioprotection in Rats with Isoprenaline Induced Myocardial Injury." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030557.
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This study sought to investigate the cardioprotective potency and interaction of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) with enalapril (ENA) against myocardial damage caused by acute and chronic isoprenaline (ISO) treatments in rats. In the acute model, 150 mg/kg (s.c) of ISO was administered for two consecutive days at the end of pretreatment with either ENA, muskmelon, or both in their respective groups. ISO was introduced into the chronic therapy of ENA/muskmelon/ENA + muskmelon groups during the last 10 days at 3 mg/kg. Muskmelon was tested at three doses (100, 200, and 500 mg/kg, p.o., 30 days), and one normal dose of ENA (10 mg/kg) was used. Blood samples were taken at the end of treatment, and the animals were sacrificed. Biochemical markers such as LDH and CK-MB, as well as antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalases) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) were measured in both serum and heart tissue homogenate (HTH). To confirm the biochemical findings, histological slides of heart tissue were prepared. ISO administration induced an elevation in the amount of TBARS, which was increased in all groups in which it was administered. Prior treatment with muskmelon and ENA in animals resulted in a rise in biomarker activity in homogenated heart tissue and a decrease in serum. In terms of alleviating the abnormal conditions caused by ISO, the group given a high dose of muskmelon and combined therapy had the best outcomes. The activities of SOD and catalase were substantially higher in the treated classes. Histological findings showing the cytoprotective actions of the high dose of muskmelon and ENA have confirmed the biochemical outcomes of both models. It is therefore concluded that the high dose of muskmelon (500 mg/kg) has a promising cardioprotective potential that is improved more efficiently in the acute injury model in the presence of ENA.
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Ibrahim, Sabrin R. M. "New Chromone and Triglyceride from Cucumis melo Seeds." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 2 (February 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900217.
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Re-investigation of the MeOH extract of the seeds of Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus (Cucurbitaceae) led to the isolation of a new chromone derivative (5,7-dihydroxy-2-[2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (5) and a triglyceride (1,3-di-(6 Z,9 Z)-docosa-6,9-dienoyl-2-(6 Z) hexacos-6-enoylglycerol (1), together with three known compounds; α-spinasterol (2), stigmasta-7,22,25-trien-3-ol (3), and D:B-friedoolean-5-ene-3-β-ol (4), are reported from this species for the first time. Their structures were determined by extensive 1D (1H, 13C, and DEPT) and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR and mass spectral measurements. Compound 5 displayed significant cytotoxic activity against L5178Y cells, with an ED50 of 5 μM. The MeOH extract and 5 showed antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay.
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Rodrigo Gómez, Sara, Concepción Ornosa, Jesús Selfa, Miguel Guara, and Carlo Polidori. "Small sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) as potential major pollinators of melon (Cucumis melo) in the Mediterranean." Entomological Science 19, no. 1 (January 2016): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ens.12168.
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Suhail, Bushra. "Effect of Cucumis melo Seeds and Allopurinol on Litholytic and Renal Histological Profile in Male Rats." Proceedings of Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex Lahore 34, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47489/p000s342z7511-6mc.
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Introduction: Kidney stones are the 3rd major health problem affecting the urological system. Industrial chemical ethylene glycol can generate calcium oxalate crystals in kidneys. Allopurinol has been used to treat the hyperuricemia but can be effective against calcium oxalate kidney stones too. Seeds of Cucumis melo were traditionally utilized as antioxidant and diuretic, so can be studied as litholytic agent against stones as well. Aims & Objectives: To assess and compare the litholytic effect of ethanolic extract of Cucumis melo seeds against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis with allopurinol in rats. Place and Duration of study: This experimental study was conducted in Pharmacology Department of FPGMI, Lahore for the period of 2 months. Material & Methods: Four groups of 10 rats in each group were made. Calcium oxalate urinary stones were induced by 0.75% ethylene glycol for 28 days in male rats. Groups 1&2 served as negative and positive control while experimental groups 3&4 received Allopurinol 50mg/kg and Cucumis melo seed’s ethanolic extract (EECMS) in dose of 400mg/kg from 15th day to 28th day respectively. At the end of study, kidney weight, urinary calcium, oxalate and phosphorus along with histological examination of kidneys were used as measuring criteria of litholytic effect of seeds of Cucumis melo and was compared to allopurinol. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 & presented in mean±s.d .Post-hoc Tukey’s test and ANOVA were used for comparison between data groups Results: After 13 days of treatment experimental groups Groups 3 (Allopurinol 50mg/kg) and 4 (EECMS 400mg/kg) showed remarkable decreased mean urinary calcium, oxalate, phosphorus levels( mg/dl) and kidney weights(gm) of urinary calcium(10.55±1.53, 8.28±1.42), oxalate (18.3±0.78, 17.58±1.38), phosphorus (4.3±0.85, 3.59±1.49) and reduced kidney weights(1.43±0.22, 1.37±0.29) respectively(p value <0.001) as compared to diseased control group 2. Thus exhibiting Cucumis melo seed’s ethanolic extract has better litholytic role than allopurinol which also proved to be efficacious. Histopathological examination of kidney also showed dissolution of calcium oxalate stones. Conclusion: Seeds of Cucumis melo extract have better litholytic effect on calcium oxalate kidney stones than allopurinol with improvement noted in the renal histological profile.
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Nugent, Perry E., and P. D. Dukes. "Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Cucumis Species." HortScience 32, no. 5 (August 1997): 880–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.5.880.
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The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita [(Kofoid & White) Chitwood], causes serious economic losses to melon (Cucumis melo L.) production in the United States. The present study was conducted to determine if separable differences in nematode resistance of Cucumis melo could be found at some inoculum level. Five C. melo lines were compared with Cucumis metuliferus Naud. (C701A), a highly resistant species, for root necrosis, galling, egg mass production, and reproduction when inoculated at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, or 5000 nematode eggs per plant. Using these criteria, melon line C880 inoculated with 1000 eggs per plant was highly susceptible, while PI140471, PI 183311, and the cultivars Chilton, Georgia 47, Gulf Coast, Planters Jumbo, and Southland were less susceptible. In greenhouse tests with an inoculum level of 1000 eggs per plant, low levels of resistance were evident. A thorough screening of the available germplasm against M. incognita may identify higher levels of root-knot nematode resistance for incorporation into improved melon cultivars.
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Ribeiro, Márcia F., Eva M. S. Silva, Lúcia H. P. Kiill, Katia M. M. Siqueira, Márcia S. Coelho, and Mara P. Silva. "Resource Collection by Honeybees (Apis mellifera) on Yellow Melon (Cucumis melo) Flowers." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 4 (March 14, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n4p15.
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This study aimed to analyze the details of collection of floral resources (pollen and nectar) by honeybees (Apis mellifera) on male and hermaphrodite flowers of melon (Cucumis melo). The experiments were conducted in areas located at Embrapa Semiárido and Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, in November and December 2011, with crop of a hybrid yellow 10/00 F1 melon. Honeybee colonies housed in Langstroth hives, uniform concerning the number of individuals and brood area were used. The four experimental areas (0.5 ha each), received respectively 0, 1, 2 and 3 hives, from the first day on which the hermaphrodite flowers appeared to the end of the flowering period of the melon crop. The results showed that the bees visited more the hermaphrodite than the male flowers, in order to collect the resources (pollen and nectar), in all areas where honeybee hives were placed. In general, independently from the number of hives, the resource most collected was nectar. Pollen collection occurred mainly at the first hours of the morning, while nectar was collected throughout the day.
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Park, So Deuk, Dong Geun Kim, and Il Kweon Yeon. "Soil temperature and egg mass formation by Meloidogyne arenaria on oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.)." Nematology 5, no. 5 (2003): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854103322746896.
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AbstractEgg masses of Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 were observed on the second planting of oriental melon by the time of its first harvest under glasshouse conditions in Korea. Time and degree-days above 5°C (DD5) for egg mass formation after April were about 24.5 days and 500 DD5. Higher mean soil temperature shortened the days required for egg mass formation. A threshold temperature for degree-days accumulation of 12.2°C was selected on the basis of lowest coefficient of variation among data sets of time to egg mass formation. We propose the use of DD12.2 for predicting the time to egg mass formation of M. arenaria under these glasshouse conditions.
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Araujo, Elton Lucio, Carlos Henrique Feitosa Nogueira, Alexandre Carlos Menezes Netto, and Carlos Eduardo Souza Bezerra. "Biological aspects of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on melon (Cucumis melo L.)." Ciência Rural 43, no. 4 (April 2013): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782013000400003.
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The leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is an important insect pest on melon crops in Brazil. However, the information about its biology on melon (Cucumis melo L.) is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this research was to know some biological aspects of this pest, reared on melon plants, under laboratory conditions at 25°C. Our results showed that the biological cycle of L. sativae lasts 15.9±0.04 days (egg-adult), namely: egg (2.7±0.01 days), larva (4.1±0.03 days) and pupa (9.1±0.03 days). The sex ratio is 0.51 and the females live (19.3±1.09 days) longer than males (16.2±0.96 days). These results can help in the integrated management of L. sativae on melon crops and improve the systems for rearing this leafminer in laboratory.
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Chacón, Salvador González, Patricia de Oliveira Lima, Lerner Arévalo Pinedo, Rebeca Bertin Afonso, Salenilda Soares Firmino, Ana Michel Garcia Varela, and Alejandro Jose Lopez Gonzalez. "Melaza de melón de descarte, una alternativa sustentable, para una producción de melón responsable." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (July 22, 2021): e12610917845. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17845.
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El nordeste de Brasil se caracteriza por ser una región importante para la producción de melón a nivel mundial. Actualmente a los estados del Brasil Ceará (CE) y Rio Grande del Norte (RN), se les atribuye la producción de alrededor del 90% del melón producido en el país, tanto para la exportación como para el consumo interno, lo que abre un abanico de oportunidades para la utilización del melón de descarte como materia prima principal en productos alimenticios alternativos y emprendimientos. La siguiente investigación propone la elaboración y caracterización de melaza de melón a partir de melón de descarte de tres distintas variedades producidas en rio grande del norte, Pele de sapo, Cucumis melo 'Santa Claus', Amarillo Cucumis melo L. (Inodorus Group) 'Canary' y verde, Cucumis melo L. (Inodorus Group) 'Honey Dew'. Los análisis físico-químicos fueron realizados en el laboratorio de tecnología de alimentos de la Universidad Federal Rural del Semiárido. Dichos análisis fueron: Sólidos solubles, SS (oBrix), pH, Acidez titulable, (ATT) (%, ácido cítrico), Conductividad eléctrica, (mS / cm), Azúcares totales (%, g / 100g), Fenoles totales (EAG, mg / 100g) EAG = Ácido gálico equivalente, Actividad antioxidante (IC50, mg / mL). Esta investigación promueve y contribuye a alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) propuestos por la ONU en su agenta 2030, específicamente el objetivo N° 12, “Producción y consumo responsable”
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MOHIUDDIN, Abul K. M., Zaliha C. ABDULLAH, Kamal CHOWDHURY, Kulaveerasingam HARIKRISHNA, and Suhaimi NAPIS. "Enhanced Virulence Gene Activity of Agrobacterium in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. ‘Birdie’." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 2 (May 16, 2011): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb325877.
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Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivar ‘Birdie’, was evaluated for its response to the tumorigenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the oncogenic A. rhizogenes strains. Stem and petiole of three week-old in vitro-grown muskmelon plants were inoculated with five strains of A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes each and observed phenotypic expressions i.e. induction of crown galls and hairy roots. This phenotypic expression was efficaciously increased when virulence gene activity of different strains of two Agrobacterium species was enhanced. Intensive studies on enhancement of virulence gene activity of Agrobacterium found to be correlated to the appropriate light intensity (39.3 μmol m-2 s-1) with a specific concentration of monocyclic phenolic compound, acetosyringone (20 μM). The gene activity was also influenced by several other physical factors e.g. plant tissue type, Agrobacterium species and their strains, and plant tissue-Agrobacterium interaction. Among the different A. tumefaciens strains, LBA4404 showed the best virulence gene activity in both stem and petiole through the formation of higher rate of crown galls. On the other hand, strain 15834 of A. rhizogenes showed better gene activity in stem and 8196 in petiole through the formation of higher rate of hairy roots as well as higher average number of hairy roots. Among the two different types of explants, petiole was more susceptible to both Agrobacterium species. Thus it was concluded that future muskmelon transformation study can efficiently be carried out with LBA4404, 15834 and 8196 strains using petiole explants by adding 20 μM of acetosyringone in the medium.
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Kano, Yasutaka. "Effect of Heating Fruit on Cell Size and Sugar Accumulation in Melon Fruit (Cucumis melo L.)." HortScience 41, no. 6 (October 2006): 1431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.6.1431.
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To investigate the relationship between cell size and sugar accumulation, fruit of the melon was heated during the early stage of the growing period. The minimum air temperature in the heating apparatus was ≈10 °C higher than the ambient air temperature, and the weight of the heated fruit was greater than that of the control fruit. The number of rectangular parallelepiped (7-mm-long sample serially collected beginning at one end of the 10-mm-wide strip removed from the 10-mm-thick disk at the maximum transverse diameter of the fruit to the opposite end) with cells larger than 200 μm in the heated fruit at 17 days after anthesis (DAA, the end of heating treatment) was much larger that of the control fruit. The mean cell size in the heated fruit at 17 DAA was larger than that of the control fruit. Mean sucrose content of the heated fruit on 40 DAA was larger than the level in the control fruit. Higher fruit temperatures in melons covered with heating apparatus results in the predominance of larger cells and increased accumulation of sucrose in the fruit.
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Gusmini, Gabriele, and Todd C. Wehner. "Fifty-five Years of Yield Improvement for Cucumber, Melon, and Watermelon in the United States." HortTechnology 18, no. 1 (January 2008): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.1.9.
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Yield data for the major cucurbit crops in the United States have been collected and summarized. Yield trends are presented for cucumber (Cucumis sativus; processing and fresh-market), melon (Cucumis melo; muskmelon and honeydew), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) for the period 1951–2005. Data have been obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, as originally reported by six of its units: Agricultural Marketing Service, Agricultural Research Service, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Economic Statistics Service, National Agricultural Statistics Service, and Statistical Reporting Service. For all crops yields have been increasing over time, except for processing cucumber, for which yields seem to have reached a plateau by the end of the 1990s.
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Zaniewicz-Bajkowska, Anna, Jolanta Franczuk, and Edyta Kosterna. "Effect of foliar feeding on yield and fruit quality of three melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars." Folia Horticulturae 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0139.
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Abstract The effect of foliar feeding with two fluid multicomponent fertilizers was investigated: Florovit and Ekolist Warzywa + Urea on the yield and quality of three medium-fruit-size melon cultivars (‘Charentais F1’, ‘Melba’, ‘Fiesta’). Weather conditions in the consecutive years of the study had a significant influence on the yield level and quality of fruit. A higher yield of better quality was achieved in the years 2005 and 2007. That period was characterised by relatively high air temperature and low rainfall towards the end of the growing period of melon. The fertilizers applied in the experiment significantly influenced melon yielding. The plants fertilized with Ekolist Warzywa + Urea provided a higher marketable yield of melon fruit than the plants fertilized with Florovit. When applied, this fertilizer also caused an increase in flesh thickness and fruit flavour as compared with Florovit feeding. Foliar feeding with both studied patterns increased the average fruit weight and number of marketable fruit as compared to the non-fertilized treatment. Among the studied cultivars, ‘Fiesta’ gave the highest marketable yield and the best quality fruit.
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Pinheiro, Jadir B., Giovani Olegario da Silva, Valter R. Oliveira, Geovani Bernardo Amaro, and Alexandre Augusto de Morais. "Prospection of genetic resistance resources to root-knot nematodes in cucurbit genotypes." Horticultura Brasileira 37, no. 3 (July 2019): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190314.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to prospect genetic resistant sources to root-knot-nematode in Cucurbitaceae accessions. Two assays were conducted, the first to evaluate the resistance to root-knot nematode, M. incognita race 1 in accessions of Lagenaria vulgaris; Sicana odorifera; Cucurbita facifolia; Luffa sp.; Citrullus lanatus cv. Citroides; Lagenaria vulgaris; Cucurbita moschata; Cucurbita moschata x Cucurbita maxima; Cucumis melo and Cucumis metuliferus. The second to evaluate the reaction to nematode M. incognita race 1, M. javanica and M. enterolobii of the three accessions of Cucumis metuliferus (‘Kino’) considered resistant to M. incognita race 1 in the first experiment. The assays were carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Hortaliças in a completely randomized design with six replications. The seedlings in pots were inoculated with 5000 eggs and juveniles of 2nd stage (J2) of each Meloidogyne species alone. Fifty-three and eighty-four days after inoculation, respectively in both experiments, the plants were evaluated for egg mass index (IMO), gall index (IG), number of eggs per gram of root (NEGR) and reproduction factor (RF). The melon Cucumis metuliferus known as ‘Kino’ was identified as genetic source of resistance to root-knot nematodes and can be explored in breeding program as resistant rootstock.
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Surgun-Acar, Yonca. "Estimation of arsenic-induced genotoxicity in melon (Cucumis melo) by using RAPD-PCR and comet assays." Botanica Serbica 45, no. 1 (2021): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/botserb2101097s.
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In this study, arsenic (As)-induced genotoxicity in the roots and shoots of Cucumis melo (melon) seedlings were investigated by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and comet assays. For this purpose, melon seedlings were exposed to arsenate [As(V)] at 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 ?M concentrations in the hydroponic system for 14 days to examine the level of As accumulation, alterations in growth parameters, and DNA damage. A reduction in growth with increasing As(V) concentration was observed in the melon seedlings. Total As accumulations in the shoot and root tissue increased in a dose-dependent manner; however, the level was higher in the roots than the shoots. In RAPD-PCR analysis, 26 primers gave reproducible and scorable results and produced a total of 128 bands in the control seedlings. Alterations in RAPD profiles, including the loss or appearance of new bands, were determined in the As-treated seedlings when compared to the control. The values of genomic template stability (GTS) were decreased by increasing the concentration of the As(V) in both tissue types. DNA strand breaks were observed in all the tested As(V) concentrations in the alkaline comet assay; furthermore, the loss of DNA integrity was higher with 300 and 400 ?M As(V) treatments. The results clearly indicate that the combination of DNA-based molecular and cytogenetic techniques (e.g. the comet assay) may be proposed as a reliable evaluation of genotoxicity in plants after exposure to heavy metal pollution.
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Long, Robert L., Kerry B. Walsh, David J. Midmore, and Gordon Rogers. "Irrigation Scheduling to Increase Muskmelon Fruit Biomass and Soluble Solids Concentration." HortScience 41, no. 2 (April 2006): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.2.367.
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A common practice for the irrigation management of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) is to restrict water supply to the plants from late fruit development and through the harvest period. However, this late fruit development period is critical for sugar accumulation and water stress at this stage is likely to limit the final fruit soluble solids concentration (SSC). Two field irrigation experiments were conducted to test the idea that maintaining muskmelon plants free of water stress through to the end of harvest will maximise sugar accumulation in the fruit. In both trials, water stress before or during harvest detrimentally affected fruit SSC and fresh weight (e.g., no stress fruit 11.2% SSC, weight 1180 g; stress fruit 8.8% SSC, weight 990 g). Maintaining plants free of water stress from flowering through to the end of harvest is recommended to maximise yield and fruit quality.
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Santos, Bielinski M., Camille E. Esmel, Silvia Slamova, and Elizabeth A. Golden. "Optimum Planting Dates for Intercropping Cucumber, Squash, and Muskmelon with Strawberry." HortTechnology 18, no. 4 (January 2008): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.4.656.
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Three separate field trials were conducted to determine the most appropriate planting dates for intercropping cucumber (Cucumis sativus), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo), and muskmelon (Cucumis melo) with strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), and their effect on ‘Strawberry Festival’ strawberry yields. ‘Straight Eight’ cucumber, ‘Crookneck’ summer squash, and ‘Athena’ muskmelon were planted every 15 days from 25 Jan. to 23 March. None of the three intercropped species affected strawberry yield up to 60 days before the end of the season on 25 March. Cucumber yield responded quadratically to planting dates, rapidly increasing from 25 Jan. to 23 Feb. and declining afterward. Warmer temperatures favored summer squash yield, with the highest yields when planted on 23 Feb. or later. Muskmelon yields decreased as air temperatures increased, and the best planting dates were between 25 Jan. and 9 Feb. In summary, cucumber and summer squash seemed to be favored by planting under warmer temperatures, whereas muskmelon thrives under cooler weather.
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Lalaguna, Fernando. "922 PB 467 TOLERANCE OF THE GALIA cv. OF MELON (Cucumis melo L.). TO IRRADIATION AS A QUARANTINE TREATMENT." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 566c—566. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.566c.
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The banning of ethylene dibromide put an end to the exportation of Venezuelan melon to the northamerican market and made it a need testing alternative treatments. Melons were purchased from a grower/exporter and alloted in groups of 24 to the following treatments: control, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 KGy, and dip in water at 53C for 1 min. alone and plus 0.5 KGy, then they were stored at about 23C and 70% RH during 2 to 3 weeks in two experiments in one season. All the treatments resulted in comparable ratings for sensory attributes and figures for soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic/dehydroascorbic acid; the melons dipped in hot water showed the lowest decay. With the possible exception of the 1 KGy melons, the treated melons had attributes and lasted as least like the control ones, which indicates that the Galia cv. of melon grown in Venezuela tolerates irradiation with doses useful in quarantine and technological terms.
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Lin, Yong-Hong, Chung-Li Wang, and Juei-Yu Chiu. "PROTEOMIC STUDIES IN THE SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI Funneliformis mosseae WITH MELON (Cucumis melo L.) UNDER SALT CONDITIONS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 20, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.4.2.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can cause mutualism with higher plants. Some studies showed that the symbiosis of AMF will increase nutrients absorption, the capacity of anti-stress (e.g. drought, salt and disease) by melon (Cucumis melo L.). This study evaluated the roles of proteins on salt-tolerance mechanism after melon was symbiotic with AMF (Funneliformis mosseae). The melons were cultivated in the hydroponic solution containing 0 M, 0.042 M or 0.084 M NaCl for inoculated AMF and non-AMF inoculated seedlings. Root apice of AMF seedling after treating with different NaCl concentrations that were chosen for the estimation of proteins. The results showed that 12 proteins were significantly different after treating with different sodium chlorite (NaCl) concentrations, with proteins that four upregulated and eight downregulated. The tolerance of NaCl stress by root of melon that was inoculated by AMF were attributable to cellular activities involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, production of organic acid, relief of salt injury, which may be critical for promotion of nutrients absorption, anti-stress. This study can offer an important clue to advanced genomic exploration for the inoculation of AMF on different plants.
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Wang, Yi-Hong, Woobong Choi, Claude E. Thomas, and Ralph A. Dean. "Cloning of disease-resistance homologues in end sequences of BAC clones linked to Fom-2, a gene conferring resistance to Fusarium wilt in melon (Cucumis melo L.)." Genome 45, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-005.
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Disease resistance has not yet been characterized at the molecular level in cucurbits, a group of high-value, nutritious, horticultural plants. Previously, we genetically mapped the Fom-2 gene that confers resistance to Fusarium wilt races 0 and 1 of melon. In this paper, two cosegregating codominant markers (AM, AFLP marker; FM, Fusarium marker) were used to screen a melon bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. Identified clones were fingerprinted and end sequenced. Fingerprinting analysis showed that clones identified by each marker assembled into two separate contigs at high stringency. GenBank searches produced matches to leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) of resistance genes (R genes); to retroelements and to cellulose synthase in clones identified by FM; and to nucleotide-binding sites (NBSs) of R genes, retroelements, and cytochrome P-450 in clones identified by AM. A 6.5-kb fragment containing both NBS and LRR sequences was found to share high homology to TIR (Toll-interleukin-1 receptor)NBSLRR R genes, such as N, with 42% identity and 58% similarity in the TIRNBS and LRR regions. The sequence information may be useful for identifying NBSLRR class of R genes in other cucurbits.Key words: BAC end sequencing, Cucumis melo L., Fusarium wilt, R gene.
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Ando, Kaori, Sue Hammar, and Rebecca Grumet. "Age-related Resistance of Diverse Cucurbit Fruit to Infection by Phytophthora capsici." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 134, no. 2 (March 2009): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.134.2.176.
Full textAbstract:
Phytophthora capsici causes severe losses in vegetable production, including many cucurbit crops. Our previous work showed that cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit are most susceptible to P. capsici when they are very young and rapidly elongating, but develop resistance as they approach full length at 10 to 12 days postpollination (DPP). In this study, fruit from seven additional cucurbit crops representing four species, melon (Cucumis melo), butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and zucchini, yellow summer squash, acorn squash, and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), were tested for the effect of fruit development on susceptibility to P. capsici. Field-grown fruit of the different crops varied in overall susceptibility. Zucchini and yellow summer squash were the most susceptible, with the majority of fruit exhibiting water-soaking symptoms within 24 hours postinoculation. Fruit from all of the crops exhibited size-related decrease in susceptibility, but to varying degrees. Cucumber had the most pronounced effect. In infested fields, cucumber fruit were found to be most frequently infected at the blossom end. Comparison of the peduncle and blossom end showed a difference in susceptibility along the length of the fruit for cucumber, butternut squash, and zucchini. Greenhouse-grown, hand-pollinated pumpkin, acorn squash, and butternut squash showed an age-related decrease in susceptibility similar to field-grown fruit. For all of these fruit, a pronounced reduction in susceptibility accompanied the transition from the waxy green to green stage at ≈3 to 8 DPP.
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Fassuliotis, G., and B. V. Nelson. "Regeneration of Tetraploid Muskmelons from Cotyledons and Their Morphological Differences from Two Diploid Muskmelon Genotypes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 5 (September 1992): 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.5.863.
Full textAbstract:
`Gulfstream' and `Charentais' muskmelons (Cucumis melo. L.) plants were regenerated by in vitro culture to increase their genetic variability for resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). While no genetic variability for root knot resistance was found, regenerated plants exhibited other traits that varied from the donor cotyledons. Chromosome counts confirmed that >75% of the somaclonal variants were tetraploid (2n = 24; 4n = 48). Tetraploids consistently exhibited micro- and macroscopic morphological changes that enabled distinction between tetraploids and diploids without chromosome counts; tetraploids contained enlarged stomates with more chloroplasts in the guard cells and pollen with a high percentage of square-appearing shapes. Tetraploids exhibited distinctive macroscopic morphological changes, including differences in leaf structure, fruit shape, blossom-end scar, number of vein tracts, and seed size.
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Long, Robert L., and Kerry B. Walsh. "Limitations to the measurement of intact melon total soluble solids using near infrared spectroscopy." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 4 (2006): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05285.
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The imposition of a minimum total soluble solids (TSS) value as a quality standard for orange-flesh netted melon fruit (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) requires either a batch sampling procedure (i.e. the estimation of the mean and standard deviation of a population), or the individual assessment of fruit [e.g. using a non-destructive procedure such as near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy]. Several potential limitations to the NIR assessment of fruit, including the variation in TSS within fruit and the effect of fruit storage conditions on the robustness of calibration models, were considered in this study. Outer mesocarp TSS was 3 TSS units higher at the stylar end of the fruit compared with the stem end, and the TSS of inner mesocarp was higher than outer tissue and more uniform across spatial positions. The linear relationship between the outer 10 mm and the subsequent middle 10 mm of tissue varied with fruit maturity [e.g. 42 days before harvest (DBH), r 2 = 0.8; 13 DBH, r 2 = 0.4; 0 DBH, r 2 = 0.7], and with cultivars (at fruit maturity, Eastern Star 2001 r 2 = 0.88; Malibu 2001 r 2 = 0.59). This relationship notably affected NIR calibration performance (e.g. based on inner mesocarp TSS; R c 2 = 0.80, root mean standard error of cross-validation (RMSECV) = 0.65, and R c 2 = 0.41, RMSECV = 0.88 for mature Eastern Star and Malibu fruit, respectively). Cold storage of fruit (0–14 days at 5°C) did not affect NIR model performance. Model performance was equivalent when based on either that part of the fruit in contact with the ground or equatorial positions; however, it was improved when based on the stylar end of the fruit.
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Clough, George H., and Philip B. Hamm. "Transgenic Resistance to Virus Diseases in Squash and Cantaloupe." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 766F—766. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.766f.
Full textAbstract:
Three transgenic yellow crookneck squash (Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo) and five transgenic cantaloupe (Cucumis melo, Reticulatus group) lines were field-tested in 1993 and 1994, respectively, for resistance to Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus and Watermelon Mosaic Virus II. During both years, non-transgenic plants were inoculated with virus before transplanting to provide a high virus threat to the transgenic plants. Before and after transplanting, serological (ELISA) testing was used to obtain baseline information on transformed plants and to confirm field virus infection. In both years, plant disease development was rated weekly; yield was assessed during 1993. Disease progression, yield, and end-of-season ELISA indicated a significant reduction in frequency of disease incidence in the transgenic lines. Total squash yields did not differ between the transformed and unchanged lines, but the transgenic lines yielded more marketable fruit than the non-transgenic line.
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Guan, Wenjing, Xin Zhao, Donald W. Dickson, Maria L. Mendes, and Judy Thies. "Root-knot Nematode Resistance, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Specialty Melons Grafted onto Cucumis metulifer." HortScience 49, no. 8 (August 2014): 1046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.8.1046.
Full textAbstract:
Interest in specialty melons (Cucumis melo) with distinctive fruit characteristics has grown in the United States in recent years. However, disease management remains a major challenge in specialty melon production. In this study, grafting experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of using Cucumis metulifer, a species known for its genetic resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.), as a potential rootstock for managing RKNs in susceptible specialty melon cultivars. In the greenhouse experiment, honeydew melon ‘Honey Yellow’ was grafted onto C. metulifer and inoculated with M. incognita race 1. The grafted plants exhibited significantly lower gall and egg mass indices and fewer eggs compared with non- and self-grafted ‘Honey Yellow’. Cucumis metulifer was further tested as a rootstock in conventional and organic field trials using honeydew melon ‘Honey Yellow’ and galia melon ‘Arava’ as scions. ‘Honey Yellow’ and ‘Arava’ grafted onto C. metulifer exhibited significantly lower galling and reduced RKN population densities in the organic field; however, total and marketable fruit yields were not significantly different from non- and self-grafted plants. Although the improvement of RKN resistance did not translate into yield enhancements, incorporating grafted specialty melons with C. metulifer rootstock into double-cropping systems with RKN-susceptible vegetables may benefit the overall crop production by reducing RKN population densities in the soil. At the conventional field site, which was not infested with RKNs, ‘Honey Yellow’ grafted onto C. metulifer rootstock had a significantly lower total fruit yield than non-grafted ‘Honey Yellow’ plants; however, fruit yields were similar for ‘Arava’ grafted onto C. metulifer rootstock and non-grafted ‘Arava’ plants. Although no significant impacts on the fruit quality attributes of ‘Honey Yellow’ were observed, grafting onto C. metulifer decreased the flesh firmness of ‘Arava’ in both field trials and resulted in a reduction in total soluble solids content under conventional production. In summary, grafting RKN-susceptible melons onto C. metulifer rootstock offers promise for growing these specialty melons; however, more studies are needed to elucidate the scion–rootstock interaction effect on fruit yield and quality.
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Nitao, James, Susan Meyer, David Chitwood, Walter Schmidt, and James Oliver. "Isolation of flavipin, a fungus compound antagonistic to plant-parasitic nematodes." Nematology 4, no. 1 (2002): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854102760082203.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAn isolate of the fungus Chaetomium globosum produced culture broths that inhibited in vitro egg hatch and juvenile mobility of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and hatch of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Extraction and bioassay-directed fractionation of the culture broth filtrate determined that flavipin, a low molecular weight compound, was the fungus metabolite responsible for most of the nematode-antagonistic activity. Synthesis of flavipin permitted evaluation of the compound as a suppressor of nematode populations on plants in glasshouse studies. Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) plants in steamed and unsteamed soil were inoculated with root-knot nematodes and various concentrations of flavipin were applied to the soil. Contrary to expectations from the in vitro studies, the number of galls per g of roots increased with flavipin treatment at the 14-day harvest. No effect of flavipin on nematode populations was found at the 55-day harvest. In general, plant growth and nematode populations were greater in plants grown in steamed soil.
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Meyer, Susan L. F., Inga A. Zasada, Mario Tenuta, and Daniel P. Roberts. "Application of a Biosolid Soil Amendment, Calcium Hydroxide, and Streptomyces for Management of Root-knot Nematode on Cantaloupe." HortTechnology 15, no. 3 (January 2005): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0635.
Full textAbstract:
The biosolid soil amendment N-Viro Soil (NVS) and a Streptomyces isolate (S 99-60) were tested for effects on root-knot nematode [RKN (Meloidogyne incognita)] egg populations on cantaloupe (Cucumis melo). Application of 3% NVS (dry weight amendment/dry weight soil) in the soil mixture resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.01) suppression of RKN egg numbers on cantaloupe roots compared to all other treatments, including 1% NVS and untreated controls. Ammonia accumulation was higher with the 3% NVS amendment than with any other treatment. Adjustment of soil pH with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] to the same levels that resulted from NVS amendment did not suppress nematode populations. When cultured in yeast-malt extract broth and particularly in nutrient broth, S 99-60 was capable of producing a compound(s) that reduced RKN egg hatch and activity of second-stage juveniles. However, when this isolate was applied to soil and to seedling roots, no suppression of RKN egg populations was observed on cantaloupe roots. Combining S 99-60 with NVS or Ca(OH)2 did not result in enhanced nematode suppression compared to treatments applied individually. The results indicated that NVS application was effective at suppressing RKN populations through the accumulation of ammonia to levels lethal to the nematode in soil.
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Fromme, Dan D., Peter A. Dotray, W. James Grichar, and Carlos J. Fernandez. "Weed Control and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Tolerance to Pyrasulfotole plus Bromoxynil." International Journal of Agronomy 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/951454.
Full textAbstract:
Field studies were conducted during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at five locations in the Texas grain sorghum producing regions to evaluate pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations for weed control and grain sorghum response. All pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations controlledAmaranthus palmeri,Cucumis melo, andProboscidea louisianicaat least 94% while control ofUrochloa texanawas never better than 69%. Pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations did result in early season chlorosis and stunting; however, by the end of the growing season no visual injury or stunting differences were noted when compared to the untreated check. Early season grain sorghum chlorosis and stunting with pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations did not affect grain sorghum yields with the exception of pyrasulfotole at 0.03 kg ai/ha plus bromoxynil at 0.26 kg ai/ha plus atrazine at 0.58 kg ai/ha applied early postemergence followed by pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil applied mid-postemergence which reduced yield at one of two locations in 2008. Grain sorghum yield increased following all pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil treatments compared to the untreated check in 2009.
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Meyer, Susan L. F. "Efficacy of the Fungus Verticillium lecanii for Suppressing Root-knot Nematode Egg Numbers on Cantaloupe Roots." HortTechnology 9, no. 3 (January 1999): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.3.443.
Full textAbstract:
Two strains of the fungus Verticillium lecanii (A. Zimmermann) Viégas were studied as potential biocontrol agents for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood) on cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.). For the study, pots were filled with soil that had been inoculated with M. incognita (inoculum was applied at two levels: 1000 and 5000 eggs/pot). Each fungus strain was applied individually by pouring an aqueous suspension (made from a wettable granule formulation) into the inoculated soil. Controls received water only. One cantaloupe seedling was then transplanted into each pot. Plants were grown for 55 days in the greenhouse, and then harvested and assessed for root and shoot growth and for nematode egg production. In pots inoculated with 1000 eggs/plant, neither fungus strain affected nematode egg numbers. At the 5000 eggs/plant inoculum level, both strains of the fungus suppressed egg numbers (counts were 28% and 31% less than water controls). Neither strain of V. lecanii affected the number of eggs embedded in root galls; the fungus suppressed nematode population numbers overall solely by affecting the number of eggs located outside of root tissues. Both fungus strains were also autoclaved and then applied to soil, to test for effects of nonviable fungus. In pots inoculated with 5000 eggs, application of one autoclaved strain resulted in a 35% suppression in egg numbers after 55 days, suggesting that the fungus produced a heat-stable substance deleterious to the nematode.
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Gałązka, Joanna, and Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Szczytt. "Review of research on haploid production in cucumber and other cucurbits." Folia Horticulturae 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0008.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT This review provides a summary of haploid induction methods and factors affecting the efficacy of specific methodologies as applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), melon (Cucumis melo L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai), winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and other cucurbits. This report is focused on studies that were carried out during the last 20 years. The main objective of the research on the production of haploid cucurbit plants is to accelerate breeding programs through the use of homozygous double haploid lines (DHL) and to facilitate the selection of desired (e.g. disease-resistant) genotypes for breeding. Unfortunately, currently used protocols result in a low number of double haploids (DH). The most common and best-known method of obtaining haploid cucurbit plants is via pollination with irradiated pollen, which induces parthenogenetic development of haploid embryos in planta. The embryos are extracted from immature seeds and cultured in vitro to facilitate the maturation and development of plants. The studies described below were primarily aimed at the determination of an appropriate dose of radiation and the evaluation of the impact of the genotype and the time of year on the number of haploid embryos and plants obtained. A less popular method of haploid production - ovule and ovary culture - is based on in vitro gynogenesis. The studies related to this method concentrated on optimising the composition of the medium and pre-treatment conditions (primarily temperature) to which the flower buds were subjected. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to anther and microspore culture. As in the case of in vitro ovule and ovary culture, the medium composition and flower bud pre-treatment conditions were optimised. The most recent studies suggest that anther culture is comparable in effectiveness to the irradiated pollen technique.
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Edelstein, M., Y. Tadmor, F. Abo-Moch, Z. Karchi, and F. Mansour. "The potential of Lagenaria rootstock to confer resistance to the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Cucurbitaceae." Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, no. 2 (April 2000): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300000213.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAntibiosis and resistance of six Cucurbita and two Lagenaria accessions to the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, were evaluated in the laboratory. Significant differences among accessions were observed three days after the inoculation of detached leaf discs. The Lagenaria accessions, Slawi and Sus, proved to be the most resistant to mites, with average populations of mite eggs, 87 and 95%, respectively less than that of the susceptible C. pepoaccession, Orangetti. The Cucurbita accessions, Tace, Brava, Tetsukabuto, Phoenix and TZ-148 had mite egg totals 4, 9, 13, 26 and 40%, respectively, less than those of accession Orangetti. The Sus accession of Lagenaria was resistant to T. cinnabarinus from the four-leaf stage until fruit set in laboratory and field tests. Grafting the susceptible Brava onto Sus rootstock increased the resistance of the scion to the same level as that of non-grafted Sus. Grafting the susceptible Cucumis melo Noy Yizre’el on resistant or susceptible rootstocks of Cucurbita and Lagenaria accessions did not affect its susceptibility to T. cinnabarinus. The results indicate that resistance to T. cinnabarinuscan be transferred by grafting from Lagenaria stocks to Cucurbita scions but not in the opposite direction.
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Teoh, Pak-Guan, Aik-Seng Ooi, Sazaly AbuBakar, and Rofina Yasmin Othman. "Virus-Specific Read-Through Codon Preference Affects Infectivity of Chimeric Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Viruses Displaying a Dengue Virus Epitope." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/781712.
Full textAbstract:
ACucumber green mottle mosaic virus(CGMMV) was used to present a truncated dengue virus type 2 envelope (E) protein binding region from amino acids 379 to 423 (EB4). The EB4 gene was inserted at the terminal end of the CGMMV coat protein (CP) open reading frame (ORF). Read-through sequences of TMV or CGMMV, CAA-UAG-CAA-UUA, or AAA-UAG-CAA-UUA were, respectively, inserted in between the CP and the EB4 genes. The chimeric clones, pRT, pRG, and pCG+FSRTRE, were transcribed into full-length capped recombinant CGMMV transcripts. Only constructs with the wild-type CGMMV read-through sequence yielded infectious viruses following infection of host plant, muskmelon (Cucumis melo) leaves. The ratio of modified to unmodified CP for the read-through expression clone developed was also found to be approximately 1:1, higher than what has been previously reported. It was also observed that infectivity was not affected by differences in pI between the chimera and its wild counterpart. Analysis of recombinant viruses after 21-days-postinculation (dpi) revealed that deletions occurred resulting in partial reversions of the viral population to near wild type and suggesting that this would be the limiting harvest period for obtaining true to type recombinants with this construct.
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Guthrie, J. A., C. J. Liebenberg, and K. B. Walsh. "NIR model development and robustness in prediction of melon fruit total soluble solids." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 4 (2006): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05123.
Full textAbstract:
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used for the on-line, non-invasive assessment of fruit for eating quality attributes such as total soluble solids (TSS). The robustness of multivariate calibration models, based on NIRS in a partial transmittance optical geometry, for the assessment of TSS of intact rockmelons (Cucumis melo) was assessed. The mesocarp TSS was highest around the fruit equator and increased towards the seed cavity. Inner mesocarp TSS levels decreased towards both the proximal and distal ends of the fruit, but more so towards the proximal end. The equatorial region of the fruit was chosen as representative of the fruit for near infrared assessment of TSS. The spectral window for model development was optimised at 695–1045 nm, and the data pre-treatment procedure was optimised to second-derivative absorbance without scatter correction. The ‘global’ modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression modelling procedure of WINISI (ver. 1.04) was found to be superior with respect to root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) and bias for model predictions of TSS across seasons, compared with the ‘local’ MPLS regression procedure. Updating of the model with samples selected randomly from the independent validation population demonstrated improvement in both RMSEP and bias with addition of approximately 15 samples.
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Larson, Nicholas R., Scott T. O’Neal, Thomas P. Kuhar, Ulrich R. Bernier, Jeffrey R. Bloomquist, and Troy D. Anderson. "Heterocyclic Amine-Induced Feeding Deterrence and Antennal Response of Honey Bees." Insects 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12010069.
Full textAbstract:
The productivity and survival of managed honey bee colonies is negatively impacted by a diverse array of interacting factors, including exposure to agrochemicals, such as pesticides. This study investigated the use of volatile heterocyclic amine (HCA) compounds as potential short-term repellents that could be employed as feeding deterrents to reduce the exposure of bees to pesticide-treated plants. Parent and substituted HCAs were screened for efficacy relative to the repellent N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) in laboratory and field experiments. Additionally, electroantennogram (EAG) recordings were conducted to determine the level of antennal response in bees. In video-tracking recordings, bees were observed to spend significantly less time with an HCA-treated food source than an untreated source. In a high-tunnel experiment, the HCA piperidine was incorporated in a feeding station and found to significantly reduce bee visitations relative to an untreated feeder. In field experiments, bee visitations were significantly reduced on melon flowers (Cucumis melo L.) and flowering knapweed (Centaurea stoebe L.) that were sprayed with a piperidine solution, relative to untreated plants. In EAG recordings, the HCAs elicited antennal responses that were significantly different from control or vehicle responses. Overall, this study provides evidence that HCAs can deter individual bees from food sources and suggests that this deterrence is the result of antennal olfactory detection. These findings warrant further study into structure–activity relationships that could lead to the development of short-term repellent compounds that are effective deterrents to reduce the contact of bees to pesticide-treated plants.
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Martínez, Juan Antonio, Mohammad-Madi Jowkar, Javier Mauricio Obando-Ulloa, Plácido Varó, Eduard Moreno, Antonio José Monforte, and Juan Pablo Fernández-Trujillo. "Uncommon disorders and decay in near-isogenic lines of melon and reference cultivars." Horticultura Brasileira 27, no. 4 (December 2009): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362009000400017.
Full textAbstract:
Postharvest disorders and rots can produce important economic losses in fruits stored for long time for exportation. The genetic and physiological basis of some disorders in melon (Cucumis melo L.) are unknown and particularly the possible relation with climacteric behavior. A collection of melon near-isogenic lines (NILs) (SC3-5 and seven more showing climacteric and two non-climacteric ripening pattern) were analyzed to study genetic and physiological aspects of fruit disorders and rots. Two non-climacteric (Nicolás; Inodorus Group; and Shongwan Charmi PI161375, Conomon Group) and two climacteric cultivars (Fado, Reticulatus Group; Védrantais, Cantaloupensis Group) were used as reference. The field was divided in eight blocks containing one three-plant replication for each NIL, two for the parental cultivar Piel de Sapo and one or two for the reference cultivars. Replications evaluated were more than six in the cultivars studied. Plant problems included aphids, powdery mildew, and leaf wind injury. Preharvest fruit disorders included whole fruit cracking in cultivar Védrantais and NIL 5M2, and stylar-end cracking in cultivar Fado. Climacteric NILs with yellow skin were particularly affected by over-ripening, stylar-end cracking, and sunburn during cultivation. At harvest, two NILs showed slight placental tissue necrosis which was inherited from SC and were also detected after storage. Other uncommon disorders seen at harvest or 30 days after storage at 8ºC included warted skin (scarring), flesh discoloration (light brown or translucent areas), hollow flesh disorder, and deep furrow netting inherited from SC. Less common rots included grey mould, bacterial soft rot, Penicillium rot, cottony leak and internal Cladosporium rot. Stylar-end hardness below 20 N·mm-1 was associated with cracking and softening. The incidence of the disorders and rots was too low to confirm that the genetic component played a role in their development.
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Kultur, F., H. C. Harrison, and J. E. Staub. "Spacing and Genotype Affect Fruit Sugar Concentration, Yield, and Fruit Size of Muskmelon." HortScience 36, no. 2 (April 2001): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.2.274.
Full textAbstract:
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes, Birdsnest 1 [`Qalya' (BN1)], Birdsnest 2 (BN2), and `Mission' (V) were used to determine the effects of differing plant architecture and spacing on fruit sugar concentration and yield. The BN1 and BN2 genotypes possessed a highly branched growth habit specific to birdsnest melon types, but not characteristic of standard indeterminate vining types (e.g., `Mission'). Experiments were conducted at both the Hancock and Arlington Experimental Farms in Wisconsin, where plant response to two within-row spacings [35 cm (72,600 plants/ha) and 70 cm (36,300 plants/ha)] in rows on 210-cm centers was examined. Genotypes were grown in a randomized complete-block design with four replications at each location and evaluated for primary lateral branch number, fruit number per plant and per hectare, average fruit weight, yield per plant (g), yield per hectare (t), and fruit sugar concentration. Yield, fruit number, and sugar concentration were higher for all genotypes at Arlington than at Hancock. The main effect of genotype was significant for all traits examined. Genotypes BN1 and V had higher mean fruit weight, yield per plant and per hectare, and fruit quality (fruit sugar concentration) than did BN2. Spacing affected all traits, except primary branch number and fruit sugar concentration. Fruit number and yield per plant and average fruit weight were higher with wider spacing, but yield (t·ha-1) and fruit number per hectare were lower.
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Miccolis, Vito, and Mikal E. Saltveit. "Morphological and Physiological Changes during Fruit Growth and Maturation of Seven Melon Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 6 (November 1991): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.6.1025.
Full textAbstract:
External color, length, diameter, fresh weight, C02 production, internal C2HA concentration, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), flesh color, and seed cavity diameter were measured during fruit growth and maturation of seven melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L., Inodorus Group, Naud. cv. `Amarelo', `Golden Beauty Casaba', `Honey Dew', `Honey Loupe', `Juan Canary', `Paceco', and `Santa Claus Casaba') of known age. There was no increase in C02 production either during ripening (e.g., loss of firmness and increased SSC) or with increasing C2H4 levels in fruit from any of the seven cultivars. There was a significant decline in respiration only at the second sampling date, which ranged from 14 to 18 days after anthesis. Respiration measured 1 week later was substantially higher and was followed by a general decline. This post 14- to 18-day rise in respiration was not a climacteric since it occurred well in advance of other ripening characteristics, e.g., loss of firmness, increase in SSC, or rise in internal C2H4. The increase in internal C2H4. coincided with or followed attainment of full fruit size, while flesh softening and the rapid rise in SSC preceded the rise in internal C2H4, concentration. Respiration declined from 67 to 18 ml CO2/kg per hour by day 43 in all cultivars, except `Honey Dew' and `Honey Loupe'. Respiration in `Honey Loupe' remained above 23 ml CO2/kg per hour and showed a rise to 32 ml/kg per hour on day 53. Respiration in `Honey Dew' did not fall below 18 ml CO2/kg per hour until day 53. As with internal C2H4 levels, there was no correlation between changes in and any marked change in the other signs of ripening that were measured.
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Acock, B., M. C. Acock, and D. Pasternak. "Interactions of CO2 Enrichment and Temperature on Carbohydrate Production and Accumulation in Muskmelon Leaves." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 4 (July 1990): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.4.525.
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We examined how temperature and stage of vegetative growth affect carbohydrate production and accumulation in Cucumis melo L. `Haogen' grown at various CO2 concentrations ([CO2]). Carbohydrate production was measured by net assimilation rate either on a leaf-area basis (NARa) or a leaf dry-weight basis (NARw); carbohydrate accumulation was measured by leaf starch plus sugar content. Twenty-four- and 35-day-old muskmelon plants were grown for 11 days in artificially lighted cabinets at day/night temperatures of 20/20 or 40/20C and at [CO2] of 300 or 1500 μl·liter-1. NARa and NARw both increased with increasing [CO2], but the CO2 effect was smaller at low temperature, especially for plants at the later stage of vegetative growth. NARw was a better indicator of total dry-weight gain than was NARa. Both suboptimal temperatures and CO2 enrichment caused carbohydrates to accumulate in the leaves at both stages of vegetative growth. NARw was correlated negatively with leaf starch plus sugar content. The rate of decrease in NARw with increasing leaf starch plus sugar content was significantly greater for CO2-enriched plants. Leaf starch plus sugar content >0.03 to 0.04 kg·kg-1 of leaf residual dry weight at the end of a dark period may indicate that temperature is suboptimal for growth. Plants grown at the same temperature had higher leaf starch plus sugar content if they were CO2-enriched than if grown in ambient [CO2], suggesting that an optimal temperature for growth in ambient [CO2] may be suboptimal in elevated [CO2].
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Díaz, Juan A., Cristina Nieto, Enrique Moriones, Verónica Truniger, and Miguel A. Aranda. "Molecular Characterization of a Melon necrotic spot virus Strain That Overcomes the Resistance in Melon and Nonhost Plants." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 6 (June 2004): 668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.6.668.
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Resistance of melon (Cucumis melo L.) to Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) is inherited as a single recessive gene, denoted nsv. No MNSV isolates described to date (e.g., MNSV-Mα5), except for the MNSV-264 strain described here, are able to overcome the resistance conferred by nsv. Analysis of protoplasts of susceptible (Nsv/-) and resistant (nsv/nsv) melon cultivars inoculated with MNSV-264 or MNSV-Mα5 indicated that the resistance trait conferred by this gene is expressed at the single-cell level. The nucleotide sequence of the MNSV-264 genome has a high nucleotide identity with the sequences of other MNSV isolates, with the exception of its genomic 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR), where less than 50% of the nucleotides are shared between MNSV-264 and the other two MNSV isolates completely sequenced to date. Uncapped RNAs transcribed from a full-length MNSV-264 cDNA clone were infectious and caused symptoms indistinguishable from those caused by the parental viral RNA. This cDNA clone allowed generation of chimeric mutants between MNSV-264 and MNSV-Mα5 through the exchange of the last 74 nucleotides of their coat protein (CP) open reading frames and the complete 3′-UTRs. Analysis of protoplasts of susceptible and resistant melon cultivars inoculated with chimeric mutants clearly showed that the MNSV avirulence determinant resides in the exchanged region. The carboxy-termini of the CP of both isolates are identical; therefore, the avirulence determinant likely consists of the RNA sequence itself. We also demonstrated that this genomic region contains the determinant for the unique ability of the isolate MNSV-264 to infect noncucurbit hosts (Nicotiana benthamiana and Gomphrena globosa).
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Belisario, A., E. Forti, L. Corazza, and H. A. van Kesteren. "First Report of Myrothecium verrucaria from Muskmelon Seeds." Plant Disease 83, no. 6 (June 1999): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.6.589c.
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Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini & Schwein.) Ditmar:Fr. was isolated from muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds of Charentais-T, a culti var used as a differential host with no resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis races. A white floccose mycelial mat developed on melon seeds during incubation on moist blotters. Mycelia were mass transferred from melon seeds onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. At 25°C in the dark, a mycelial mat with characteristic annelations of greenish-black sporodochia, without setae, was produced. Conidia (2 to 3 × 6 to 10 μm) were lemon shaped, with a typical conical mucous appendage at one end, which was visible with Loeffer's flagella stain (1). Based on these characteristics, the fungus was identified as M. verrucaria. For pathogenicity studies, surface sterilized seeds of C. melo cv. Charentais-T were coated with M. verrucaria conidia by gently rubbing the seeds on sporodochia produced on 15-day-old cultures on PDA. Once coated, seeds were plated onto water agar and on sterile moist blotters in 9-cm-diameter petri dishes. Plates were incubated at 28°C in the dark. Five seeds per plate and three plates per experiment were used. Experiments were replicated three times. Control seeds were plated without coating. After 7 days, on water agar, 90% of melon seeds failed to germinate while the remaining 10% produced young seedlings that died from root rot and necrotic lesions on the hypocotyl. After 12 days on moist blotters, 100% of the melon seedlings died, showing necrotic lesions on the hypocotyl and on the main root. The pathogen was reisolated from symptomatic melon seedlings. All control seeds germinated and grew into healthy seedlings. M. verrucaria, known to be a seed-borne pathogen, has been isolated from soil and plants worldwide (2). This is the first report of M. verrucaria pathogen on muskmelon. This fungus is not a serious concern when seeds are dressed with fungicides. References: (1) K. V. A. Thompson and S. C. Simmens. Nature. 193:196, 1962. (2) S.-M. Yang and S. C. Jong. Plant Dis. 79:994, 1995.
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Silva, Laiane Torres, Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva, Maria Cléa Brito de Figueirêdo, Luiz Cláudio Corrêa, and Fernando Antonio Souza de Aragão. "PÓS-COLHEITA DO MELÃO AMARELO "GOLDEX" CULTIVADO SOB ADUBAÇÃO VERDE E PLANTIO DIRETO COM DIFERENTES COBERTURAS." IRRIGA 21, no. 4 (October 6, 2016): 764–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v21n4p764-778.
Full textAbstract:
PÓS-COLHEITA DO MELÃO AMARELO "GOLDEX" CULTIVADO SOB ADUBAÇÃO VERDE E PLANTIO DIRETO COM DIFERENTES COBERTURAS LAIANE TORRES SILVA1; EBENÉZER DE OLIVEIRA SILVA2; MARIA CLÉA BRITO DE FIGUEIRÊDO3; LUIZ CLAUDIO CORRÊA4 E FERNANDO ANTONIO SOUZA DE ARAGÃO2 1 Tecnóloga em Fruticultura Irrigada, Doutora em Fitotecnia, Professora do Instituto Federal do Sertão-PE, Rua Dr. Souza Filho, s/n – Centro, 56380-000, Santa Maria da Boa Vista – PE, Brasil, laiane.torres@ifsertao-pe.edu.br2 Engenheiros Agrônomos, Pesquisadores Doutores, Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270 – Planalto do Pici, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, ebenezer.silva@embrapa.br; fernando.aragao@embrapa.br3 Cientista da Computação, Pesquisadora Doutora, Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270 – Planalto do Pici, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, clea.figueiredo@embrapa.br4 Biólogo, Analista A Doutor, Embrapa Semiárido, BR-428, Km 152, Zona Rural, 56302-970, Petrolina, PE, Brasil, claudio.correa@embrapa.br 1 RESUMO O melão amarelo é o mais cultivado na região Nordeste, maior produtora de melão do Brasil. Estudos têm sido realizados utilizando-se coberturas vegetais, que beneficiam o solo e melhoram a qualidade dos frutos, o que pode resultar em maior manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita. Melão amarelo “Goldex” foi cultivado em duas safras, sob adubação verde e plantio direto com diferentes coberturas e a qualidade dos frutos avaliada com relação à aparência externa, perda de massa, firmeza, sólidos solúveis e açúcares totais na época da colheita e ao final de 28 dias de armazenamento (22 dias a 11 ºC e 85 a 90% de U.R mais 6 dias a 20 ºC e 85 a 90% de U.R). Não houve alterações com relação à aparência, firmeza e perda de massa. Sólidos solúveis e açúcares totais foram melhor preservados nos frutos do sistema com adubação verde, com maiores teores naqueles provenientes da adubação verde utilizando crotalária e crotalária mais milheto, associados ao mulching plástico. O uso combinado do sistema por adubação verde com estas coberturas pode ser uma alternativa na produção de melões "Goldex" no polo de produção Ceará/ Rio Grande do Norte. Palavras-chave: Cucumis melo L., sistemas de cultivo, qualidade dos frutos. SILVA, L.T.; SILVA, E. O.; FIGUEIRÊDO, M. C. B.; CORRÊA, L. C.; ARAGÃO, F. A. S.POSTHARVEST OF "GOLDEX" YELLOW MELON CULTIVATED UNDER AND DIRECT PLANTING WITH DIFFERENT COVERS 2 ABSTRACT The yellow melon is the most cultivated in the Northeast, the largest producer of melon in Brazil. Studies have been conducted using vegetative covers that benefit the soil and improve the quality of fruits, which can result in higher maintenance of postharvest quality. The yellow melon "Goldex" was grown in two seasons under green manure and tillage with different toppings and fruit quality was assessed with regard to the external appearance, weight loss, firmness, soluble solids and total sugars at harvest and at the end of 28 days of storage (22 days at 11 to 90 ° C and 85% RH over 6 days at 20 ° C and 85 to 90% RH). There were no changes in appearance, firmness and weight loss. Soluble solids and total sugars were better preserved in the fruits of the system with green manure, with higher levels in those from green manure using crotolaria and crotolaria plus millet, associated with plastic mulching. The combined use of the system with green manuring and these covers can be an alternative in the production of "Goldex" melons in Ceará / Rio Grande do Norte production center. Keywords: Cucumis melo L., growing systems, fruit quality.
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Hodges, D. Mark, and Gene E. Lester. "Comparisons between Orange- and Green-fleshed Non-netted and Orange-fleshed Netted Muskmelons: Antioxidant Changes following Different Harvest and Storage Periods." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 1 (January 2006): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.1.110.
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The consumption of netted muskmelons (Cucumis melo L. Reticulatus group) has raised health concerns due to pathogenic bacteria attaching to sites on the netted rind inaccessible to sanitation. The purpose of this study was to compare 1) the enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidant capacity between representative cultivars of netted muskmelon and both green- and orange-fleshed honey dew muskmelons during storage for 17 days and 2) levels of non-nutrient phytochemicals between these genotypes in consideration of ultimately substituting netted orange-fleshed with non-netted orange-fleshed muskmelon. Netted muskmelon (`Cruiser'), green-fleshed (`Honey Brew'), and orange-fleshed (`Orange Dew') muskmelons were harvested in Texas at the beginning (21 May) and at the end (11 June) of the production season in 2004. Fruit were analyzed immediately (day 0) or stored simulating retail conditions for 7 or 14 days at 7 °C and 95% ± 2% relative humidity plus 3 days at 21 °C. Both `Orange Dew' and `Honey Brew' non-netted cultivars evinced similar and less lipid peroxidation, and hence postharvest senescence, during the 17-day storage period than the netted muskmelon `Cruiser'. In comparison with `Cruiser', `Orange Dew' generally exhibited higher concentrations of ß-carotene and phenolics and, with few exceptions, higher activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (AsPX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Higher AsPX and SOD activities in both `Orange Dew' and `Honey Brew' appear to confer a greater resistance to lipid peroxidation in these muskmelon genotypes than to the netted `Cruiser'. `Orange Dew' also appears to be a healthier food choice not only due to its lack of a netted rind which could potentially harbour human illness-related pathogens, but also that it is superior to both `Cruiser' and `Honey Brew' in overall beta-carotene and phenolic levels.
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Kultur, F., H. C. Harrison, and J. E. Staub. "431 Fruit Sugar and Yield of Three Muskmelon as Influenced by Spacing and Genotype." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 518E—518. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.518e.
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Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes, Birdsnest 1 [`Qalya' (BN1)], Birdsnest 2 (BN2), and `Mission' (V) were used to determine the effects of plant architecture and spacing on fruit sugar concentration and yield. The BN1 and BN2 genotypes possessed a highly branched growth habit specific to birdsnest melon types but not characteristic of standard indeterminate vining types (e.g., `Mission'). Experiments were conducted at the Hancock (sandy soil, <1% organic matter) and Arlington (heavy, praire loam soil, >4% OM) Experimental Farms in Wisconsin. Plant response to two within-row spacings [35 cm (72,600 plants/ha) and 70 cm (36,300 plants/ha)] in rows on 210-cm row centers was examined. Genotypes were grown in a randomized complete-block design with four replications at each location and evaluated for primary lateral branch number, fruit number per plant, fruit number per hectare, average fruit weight, yield (g) per plant, yield (MT) per hectare, and fruit sugar concentration. All genotypes produced higher yield, fruit number and sugar concentration on the mineral soil at Arlington compared to the sands at Hancock. The main effect of genotypes was significant for all traits examined. BN1 and V genotypes had greater yield (gram per plant, yield per hectare, and average fruit weight) as well as higher fruit quality (fruit sugar concentration) than the BN2 genotype. Spacing affected all traits examined except primary branch number and fruit sugar concentration. As withinrow spacing increased from 35 to 70 cm, fruit number per plant, yield per plant and average fruit weight increased. However, yield (MT) per hectare and fruit number per hectare decreased. Fertility was adjusted according to soil tests for the two different soil types at the two farm locations.
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Castellanos, María Teresa, María Jesús Cabello, María del Carmen Cartagena, Ana María Tarquis, Augusto Arce, and Francisco Ribas. "Growth dynamics and yield of melon as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 2 (April 2011): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000200009.
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Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for melon (Cucumis melo L.) production. However there is scanty information about the amount necessary to maintain an appropriate balance between growth and yield. Melon vegetative organs must develop sufficiently to intercept light and accumulate water and nutrients but it is also important to obtain a large reproductive-vegetative dry weight ratio to maximize the fruit yield. We evaluated the influence of different N amounts on the growth, production of dry matter and fruit yield of a melon 'Piel de sapo' type. A three-year field experiment was carried out from May to September. Melons were subjected to an irrigation depth of 100% crop evapotranspiration and to 11 N fertilization rates, ranging 11 to 393 kg ha-1 in the three years. The dry matter production of leaves and stems increased as the N amount increased. The dry matter of the whole plant was affected similarly, while the fruit dry matter decreased as the N amount was increased above 112, 93 and 95 kg ha-1, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI), 3.1, was obtained at 393 kg ha-1 of N. The lowest N supply reduced the fruit yield by 21%, while the highest increased the vegetative growth, LAI and Leaf Area Duration (LAD), but reduced yield by 24% relative to the N93 treatment. Excessive applications of N increase vegetative growth at the expense of reproductive growth. For this melon type, rates about 90-100 kg ha-1 of N are sufficient for adequate plant growth, development and maximum production. To obtain fruit yield close to the maximum, the leaf N concentration at the end of the crop cycle should be higher than 19.5 g kg-1.
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Beaulieu, John, and Jeanne Lea. "Physiological Changes in Cantaloupe during Development and in Stored Fresh-cuts Prepared from Fruit Harvested at Various Maturities." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 989A—989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.989a.
Full textAbstract:
Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo Var. reticulatus, Naudin) were evaluated during development and then fresh-cuts were stored after preparation from various maturities to track quality changes during storage. Flowers were anthesis tagged one morning and developing fruit were harvested weekly at 13, 20, 27–28, and 34–35 days after anthesis (DAA). Mature fruit were harvested at 37–38 DAA with five distinct maturities: 1/4-, 1/2-, 3/4-slip, full-slip and over-ripe. Hunter L* and a* color values indicated change from pale green to light orange that occurred after 28 DAA. There were significant decreases in L*, a* and b* by day 9 in storage as fresh-cuts. After 28 DAA, sucrose dramatically increased, and this was positively correlated with increases in both total sugars (r = 0.882, P = 0.084) and °Brix (r = 0.939, P = 0.041). Gradual subjective deterioration occurred during storage, which was independent of maturity. There was a negative linear trend over the length of storage in hand-held firmness for each maturity level and the slopes decreased significantly with increasing maturity; indicating the effect of storage duration decreased as maturity increased. Vitamin C had a significant increasing trend (P-value = 0.042) during development from 12 through 35 DAA, then losses were greater in fresh-cuts prepared from full-slip fruit (65%) than in less mature fruits, quarter-slip 40%, half-slip 48%, and three quarter-slip 50%. The pH of mesocarp tissue dropped to the lowest value (5.25) just prior to physiological maturity, then peaked after harvest (6.51–6.79), and generally declined by the end of freshcut storage. In sum, considering other publications on this study, and herein, fruit should be harvested at greater than or equal to 1/2-slip to attain optimum quality and storability.
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Pospieszny, H., M. Cajza, and R. Plewa. "First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Cucumber in Poland." Plant Disease 87, no. 11 (November 2003): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.11.1399a.
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In June 2002, mosaic and interveinal chlorosis were observed on two cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) grown in one commercial greenhouse in the western region of Poland. Electron microscopic examination of leaf-dip preparations from infected plants showed flexuous filamentous virus particles typical of potyviruses (720 to 750 nm long). Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Citrullus lanatus, C. melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita pepo cv. Giromontiina, Cucurbita pepo cv. Patissoniana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. tabacum were mechanically inoculated with sap from symptomatic cucumber leaves. The virus caused local chlorotic lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and Chenopodium quinoa and systemic infection in all tested cucurbits but it did not infect tobacco plants. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the 3′ end of the genomic RNA was done by using P9502 as a downstream primer and degenerate CPUP as an upstream primer to amplify a highly conserved region of the potyviral coat protein (1). The PCR products were directly sequenced with the CEQ DTCS dye terminator cycle sequencing kit (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, CA), and the analysis of dideoxy terminated fragments was conducted by capillary electrophoresis using a CEQ 2000 DNA Analysis System (Beckman Coulter, Inc.). The obtained 684 nt sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY347476) was almost identical with sequences of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) isolates from Austria (GenBank Accession Nos. AJ420012-AJ420019 and AJ420027) and Hungary (GenBank Accession Nos. AJ459954 and AJ459955). The above suggested that the Polish isolate of ZYMV belonged to the Central European branch of the phylogenetic tree (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV in Poland. References: (1) R. A. A. van der Vlugt et al. Phytopathology 89:148, 1999. (2) I. Tobias and L. Palkovics. Pest Manage. Sci. 59:493, 2003.
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Cardin, L., and B. Moury. "First Report of Passiflora chlorosis virus in Bituminaria bituminosa in Europe." Plant Disease 93, no. 2 (February 2009): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-2-0196a.
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Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirton (pitch trefoil) is a perennial legume endemic to the Mediterranean Basin used as forage in arid areas and for stabilization of degraded soils. Mosaic and chlorotic ringspot symptoms have been observed in leaves of B. bituminosa in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and Rhône-Alpes regions (France), Liguria (Italy), and Spain since 1975. In crude leaf extracts from more than 50 samples of diverse geographical origins, flexuous particles 680 to 720 nm long and 12 nm wide and pinwheel-like inclusions have been observed with the electron microscope, suggesting infection with a member of the family Potyviridae. The presence of a virus was confirmed by the use of potyvirus-polyvalent ELISA reagents (Potyvirus group test; Agdia, Elkhart, IN) and by the amplification of a DNA fragment of the expected size (≈1,650 bp) with extracts of isolates from different locations using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers specific to members of the Potyviridae (3) corresponding to the 3′ end of the virus genome. The amplified fragment of an isolate from Coaraze (Alpes Maritimes Department, France) was cloned and two cDNA clones corresponding to this amplicon were sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. EU334546 and EU334547). These two sequences facilitated development of new primers (5′-AAARGCRCCCTATATAGCAG-3′ and 5′-TATAAAGGTAACGCTAGGTGG-3′) to specifically amplify and sequence the coat protein (CP)-coding region of isolates of the virus from five additional French locations. The amino acid sequences of the CP amplicon were more than 96% identical among the French isolates. Comparison with other virus sequences with the BLASTn program revealed that these isolates belonged to the same species as the potyvirus Passiflora chlorosis virus (2), with 89 to 90% and 95 to 97% identity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, for the CP-coding region (1). The host range of the virus was evaluated by manual inoculation with the Coaraze isolate and was found to be very narrow. No symptoms and no infections were obtained in Capsella bursa-pastoris, Capsicum annuum, Claytonia perfoliata, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura stramonium, Gomphrena globosa, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus mungo, Physalis peruviana, Pisum sativum, Psoralea glandulosa, Ranunculus sardous, Salvia splendens, Solanum lycopersicum, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, or Zinnia elegans. Necrotic local lesions were observed in Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, and in all eight cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris tested. The virus was transmitted either manually or by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to healthy B. bituminosa seedlings. Symptoms appeared in 10 to 15 weeks, and the virus was detected in the symptomatic plants by RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a virus infecting B. bituminosa. References: (1) M. J. Adams et al. Arch. Virol. 150:459, 2005. (2) C. A. Baker and L. Jones. Plant Dis. 91:227, 2007. (3) A. Gibbs and A. M. Mackenzie. J. Virol. Methods 63:9, 1997.
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Beaulieu, John C., and Jeanne M. Lea. "Quality Changes in Cantaloupe During Growth, Maturation, and in Stored Fresh-cut Cubes Prepared from Fruit Harvested at Various Maturities." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 5 (September 2007): 720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.5.720.
Full textAbstract:
Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naudin) were evaluated during development and then fresh-cut cubes were stored after preparation from various maturities to track quality changes during storage. Flowers were anthesis tagged one morning in two seasons (years) and developing fruit were harvested weekly at 13, 20, 27 to 28, and 34 to 35 days after anthesis (DAA). Mature fruit were harvested at 37 to 38 DAA with five distinct maturities: 1/4-, 1/2-, 3/4-slip, full-slip (FS), and overripe (OR). Hunter L* and a* color values indicated a change from pale green to light orange that occurred 28 DAA. There were significant decreases in L*, a*, and b* by day 9 in storage (4 °C) as fresh-cut cubes. After 28 DAA, sucrose dramatically increased, and this was positively correlated with increases in both total sugars (r = 0.882, P = 0.084) and percent soluble solids concentration (r = 0.939, P = 0.041). Gradual deterioration occurred during storage, as determined by a uniform subjective quality criterion, which was independent of maturity. There was a negative linear trend in hand-held and instrumental firmness over the length of storage for each maturity level, and the slopes decreased significantly with increasing maturity, indicating the effect of storage duration decreased as harvest maturity increased. There was a significant increasing trend in vitamin C (P = 0.042) during development from 12 through 35 DAA, then losses were greater in fresh-cut cubes prepared from full-slip fruit (65%) than less-mature fruit: 3/4-slip, 50%; 1/2-slip, 48%; 1/4-slip, 40%. The pH of mesocarp tissue dropped to the lowest value (5.25) just before physiological maturity at 27 to 28 DAA, then peaked after harvest (6.51–6.79), and declined somewhat by the end of storage as fresh-cut cubes. In sum, muskmelon fruit used to produce fresh-cut cubes should be harvested ≥1/2-slip to attain optimum physiological quality and consumer acceptability.
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Ling, K. S., R. Li, and W. Zhang. "First Report of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Infecting Greenhouse Cucumber in Canada." Plant Disease 98, no. 5 (May 2014): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-0996-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
In early 2013, greenhouse cucumber growers in Alberta, Canada, observed virus-like disease symptoms on mini-cucumber (Cucumis sativus) crops (e.g., ‘Picowell’). Two types of symptoms were commonly observed, green mottle mosaic and necrotic spots. In the early infection, young leaves of infected cucumber plants displayed light green mottle and blisters. The infected plants were stunted in growth, with darker green blisters and green mottle mosaic symptoms on mature leaves. Disease incidence varied from one greenhouse to another. In some severe cases, diseased plants were widely distributed inside the greenhouse, resulting in 10 to 15% yield losses based on grower's estimation. Nine symptomatic samples were collected and subjected to total RNA isolation using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Laboratory analyses were conducted using real-time RT-PCR systems for Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) (1), Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV, Ling, unpublished), and Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) (3). All nine samples were positive for CGMMV and seven of them were in mixed infections with MNSV. Two samples were selected for validation for the presence of CGMMV using conventional RT-PCR (2) with a new primer set (CGMMVMP F1: 5′-ATGTCTCTAAGTAAGGTGTC-3′ and CGMMV3′UTR R1: 5′-TGGGCCCCTACCCGGGG-3′) and two previous online published primer sets, one for CGMMV MP (5′ TAAGTTTGCTAGGTGTGATC-3′, GenBank Accession No. AJ250104 and 5′ ACATAGATGTCTCTAAGTAAG-3′, AJ250105), and another for CGMMV CP (5′ ACCCTCGAAACTAAGCTTTC-3′, AJ243351 and 5′ GAAGAGTCCAGTTCTGTTTC-3′, AJ243352). The expected sizes of RT-PCR products were obtained and sequenced directly. Sequences from these three products overlapped and generated a 1,282-bp contig (KF683202). BLASTn analysis to the NCBI database showed 99% sequence identity to CGMMV isolates identified in Asia, including China (GQ277655, KC852074), India (DQ767631), Korea (AF417243), Myanmar (AB510355), and Taiwan (HQ692886), but only 92% sequence identity to other CGMMV isolates identified in Europe, including Spain (GQ411361) and Russia (GQ495274), and 95% to CGMMV isolate from Israel (KF155231). The strong sequence identity to the CGMMV Asian isolates suggests that the Canadian CGMMV isolate identified in Alberta was likely of Asian origin. In two bioassay experiments using one sample prepared in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, the similar green mottle mosaic symptoms were observed on systemic leaves in the mechanically inoculated plants and the presence of CGMMV, but not MNSV, was confirmed through real-time RT-PCR on four different cucurbits, including three Cucumis sativus cultivars (six plants in ‘Marketer,’ five plants in ‘Poinsett 76,’ six plants in ‘Straight 8’), seven plants of C. melo ‘Athena,’ six plants of C. metulifer (PI201681), and two plants of Citrullus lanatus ‘Charleston Gray.’ To our knowledge, CGMMV has only been reported in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, and this is the first report of CGMMV in the American continents. CGMMV is highly contagious and is seed borne on cucurbits. With the increasing trend in growing grafted watermelon and other cucurbits in the United States and elsewhere, it is even more important now that a vigilant seed health test program for CGMMV should be implemented. References: (1) H. Chen et al. J. Virol. Methods 149:326, 2008. (2) K.-S. Ling et al. Plant Dis. 92:1683, 2008. (3) K.-S. Ling et al. J. Phytopathol. 159:649, 2011.