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1
Jewell, Derryn T. The importance of active versus passive body movement cues in infant search. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.
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2
Gasparotto, Jennifer. Cues to action: Do they result in belief and behavioural change in women? St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, 2007.
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3
QC, Hendy John, and Institute of Employment Rights, eds. Days of action: The legality of protest strikes against government cuts. Liverpool: Institute of Employment Rights, 2011.
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5
Cues: Theatre Projects from Classroom to Stage. Shillingford Publishing, J. Gordon, 2013.
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6
Bradfield, Laura, Richard Morris, and Bernard W. Balleine. OCD as a Failure to Integrate Goal-Directed and Habitual Action Control. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0031.
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This chapter discusses the considerable research that has identified distinct functional circuits linking frontal cortex with the basal ganglia in the control of goal-directed and habitual actions. OCD is characterized by hyperactivity in a circuit involving some of these regions. Recent accounts of the interaction of goal-directed actions and habits suggest that these control processes interact hierarchically, so one alternative to current theories is that OCD reflects a dysfunction in this interactive process resulting in dysregulated action selection, whether that selection is driven by the outcome itself or by cues predicting the outcome. Importantly, it appears that both sources of action selection depend on the OFC—outcome based retrieval on the medial OFC and cue-related retrieval on the lateral OFC. From this perspective, therefore, hyperactivity of the OFC could produce both elevated outcome retrieval and increased responsiveness to outcomes-related cues, resulting in dysregulated action selection and compulsive action initiation as a consequence.
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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Reproduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0009.
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Interspecific fish reproductive patterns, outputs and life cycles display the greatest variability within the vertebrates. Early stages of oogenesis can be repeated in adult fish, contrasting with mammals; the pre-set sequence of cell divisions in gametogenesis is otherwise similar and is described in detail. Most fish deposit much yolk (vitellogenesis) in developing eggs. Migrations, beach-spawning and mouth-brooding are some of the interesting variations. Fertilization is predominantly external but is internal in some groups such as chondrichthyans. The omission of annual reproduction is well established in some freshwater species and the idea that this may also be the case for marine teleosts is gaining acceptance. This should be taken into account for intensively fished species. The possible roles of external cues, hormones, pheromones and neural factors acting as ‘switches’ and coordinators in gametogenesis and reproductive behaviour are discussed.
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The Art of Chicago Improv: Short Cuts to Long-Form Improvisation. Heinemann Drama, 2002.
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10
Acting Cut The Crap Cue The Truth Living The Life And Doing The Job. Oberon Books Ltd, 2013.
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11
Coleman, Thomas. Action Estimating for Small Volume and Cus. Home Builder Press, 1998.
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12
Yeomans, Christopher. Hegel’s Philosophy of Action. Edited by Dean Moyar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355228.013.22.
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Though Hegel has a strikingly pluralistic philosophy of action, he intends that philosophy to make good on a range of traditional commitments running from the necessity of alternate possibilities through the value of desire satisfaction to the centrality of goal-directedness. It is of course true that many of those possibilities, desires, and goals are essentially social and even collective, and that determining their nature is a public and often retrospective interpretive act. But that determination must also take its cue from the interpretive direction proposed with the act by the agent herself, and the notion of absolute modality is Hegel’s way of seeing that cue as consisting in the suggestion of a context of interpretation by way of marking out the contrast of the action with a certain range of other possible actions.
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Levinson, Stephen C. Speech Acts. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.22.
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The essential insight of speech act theory was that when we use language, we perform actions—in a more modern parlance, core language use in interaction is a form of joint action. Over the last thirty years, speech acts have been relatively neglected in linguistic pragmatics, although important work has been done especially in conversation analysis. Here we review the core issues—the identifying characteristics, the degree of universality, the problem of multiple functions, and the puzzle of speech act recognition. Special attention is drawn to the role of conversation structure, probabilistic linguistic cues, and plan or sequence inference in speech act recognition, and to the centrality of deep recursive structures in sequences of speech acts in conversation.
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Horner, John D., Bartosz J. Płachno, Ulrike Bauer, and Bruno Di Giusto. Attraction of prey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0012.
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The ability to attract prey has long been considered a universal trait of carnivorous plants. We review studies from the past 25 years that have investigated the mechanisms by which carnivorous plants attract prey to their traps. Potential attractants include nectar, visual, olfactory, and acoustic cues. Each of these has been well documented to be effective in various species, but prey attraction is not ubiquitous among carnivorous plants. Directions for future research, especially in native habitats in the field, include: the qualitative and quantitative analysis of visual cues, volatiles, and nectar; temporal changes in attractants; synergistic action of combinations of attractants; the cost of attractants; and responses to putative attractants in electroantennograms and insect behavioral tests.
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Plantinga, Carl. The Rhetoric of Screen Stories. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867133.003.0003.
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This chapter argues that screen stories are often didactic; either explicitly or implicitly, they make a sociomoral or political case. They cue spectators to judge, believe, and feel in certain ways toward characters, situations, and other entities, both fictional and actual. They also promote certain moral sensitivities, actions, responses, and beliefs. Stories are like trolley problems more fully narrativized. Screen stories offer evidence and affective incentives to make judgments, and to have sensitivities, beliefs, and responses, cued by the narration. Chief among these incentives are various sorts of affective pleasures that reward spectators for their cooperation and the fact that public narratives may draw on the forces of social attunement. The chapter ends with a discussion of the qualities of stories that make them persuasive, according to contemporary social science.
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5-minute cures: Fast-action remedies for common health problems. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1995.
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17
Bucy, Erik P., and Patrick Stewart. The Personalization of Campaigns: Nonverbal Cues in Presidential Debates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.52.
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Nonverbal cues are important elements of persuasive communication whose influence in political debates are receiving renewed attention. Recent advances in political debate research have been driven by biologically grounded explanations of behavior that draw on evolutionary theory and view televised debates as contests for social dominance. The application of biobehavioral coding to televised presidential debates opens new vistas for investigating this time-honored campaign tradition by introducing a systematic and readily replicated analytical framework for documenting the unspoken signals that are a continuous feature of competitive candidate encounters. As research utilizing biobehavioral measures of presidential debates and other political communication progresses, studies are becoming increasingly characterized by the use of multiple methodologies and merging of disparate data into combined systems of coding that support predictive modeling.Key elements of nonverbal persuasion include candidate appearance, communication style and behavior, as well as gender dynamics that regulate candidate interactions. Together, the use of facial expressions, voice tone, and bodily gestures form uniquely identifiable display repertoires that candidates perform within televised debate settings. Also at play are social and political norms that govern candidate encounters. From an evaluative standpoint, the visual equivalent of a verbal gaffe is the commission of a nonverbal expectancy violation, which draws viewer attention and interferes with information intake. Through second screens, viewers are able to register their reactions to candidate behavior in real time, and merging biobehavioral and social media approaches to debate effects is showing how such activity can be used as an outcome measure to assess the efficacy of candidate nonverbal communication during televised presidential debates.Methodological approaches employed to investigate nonverbal cues in presidential debates have expanded well beyond the time-honored technique of content analysis to include lab experiments, focus groups, continuous response measurement, eye tracking, vocalic analysis, biobehavioral coding, and use of the Facial Action Coding System to document the muscle movements that comprise leader expressions. Given the tradeoffs and myriad considerations involved in analyzing nonverbal cues, critical issues in measurement and methodology must be addressed when conducting research in this evolving area. With automated coding of nonverbal behavior just around the corner, future research should be designed to take advantage of the growing number of methodological advances in this rapidly evolving area of political communication research.
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Matei, Elena. Didactica geografiei. Note de curs. Editura Universitara, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062810771.
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Geografia este o disciplina cu importanta vitala in formarea individului uman, capabilizand omul pentru desfasurarea vietii de zi cu zi prin intelegerea modului cum functioneaza natura, cum sa se pregateasca pentru a raspunde corect unor manifestari ale mediului inconjurator, cum trebuie sa isi raporteze actiunile sale pentru a reduce efectele negative si a maximiza, multiplica beneficiile in raport cu fiecare spatiu si comunitate umana. Este stiinta cea mai potrivita in formarea omului in contextul paradigma dezvoltarii durabile ce marcheaza secolul al XXI-lea. Este disciplina care augmenteaza educatia durabila in sistemul de invatamant actual, prin abordarea curriculum-ului integrat. Geografia priveste in egala masura mediul fizic geografic si societatea dar, mai ales, interactiunea spatialo-temporala dintre oameni si locuri, ne ajuta sa intelegem trecutul, sa traim corect prezentul pentru a planifica un viitor durabil. Geografia influenteaza carierele, vietile prin intelegerea conexiunilor, a oportunitatilor pentru viata, deschide oamenilor o perspectiva potrivita a modului cum trebuie sa actioneze pentru a fi ei insisi multumiti, dar si pentru a lasa o panta mai buna pentru generatiile viitoare. Geografia construieste viziuni la elevi, transformate in actiuni corecte in viata lor, de buni cetateni.
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Bottom Line's high-speed healers: Fast-acting natural cures that work their magic overnight-- or faster. [Stamford, Conn.]: Boardroom, 2006.
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20
Halfyard, Janet K. Cue the Big Theme? The Sound of the Superhero. Edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.013.0009.
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This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. The most successful superheroes of modern cinema are Superman and Batman. This chapter considers the changes wrought by digital technology in their cinematic construction and the impact on their music. The relationship between action, heroic theme, and the iconography of the superhero demonstrates a significant shift in how thematic music is employed in the more recentBatmanandSupermanfilms. This chapter contrasts musical and visual construction of the title characters inSuperman(Richard Donner, 1978) andBatman(Tim Burton, 1989) with the treatment of the same characters inBatman Begins(Christopher Nolan, 2005) andSuperman Returns(Bryan Singer, 2006). The problem of superheroic action and the musical solutions that analog films employed to address the limitations on representing the superheroes’ abilities is then contrasted with the subsequent decoupling of heroic action and musical theme in the later films, in which digital technology allows more convincing presentation of superheroic powers.
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Chhibber, Pradeep K., and Rahul Verma. Transmitting Ideology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623876.003.0008.
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Ideology is transmitted to citizens through multiple pathways, each of which provide heuristic cues to ordinary voters. Citizens form their political views through the efforts of political parties and the political elite; their socialization, especially the kind of education they receive; the media; and through their activities in the social organization including religious associations. In India, those who are more religiously active, get their news from local and vernacular media, and do not speak English language are less likely to support either an active role for the state in transforming social norms or making special provision for some groups. Indians who are members of civil society, consume English-language media, and speak English are more likely to favor statism and recognition.
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Auyoung, Elaine. Tolstoy’s Embodied Reader. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845476.003.0002.
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This chapter considers a major representational strategy that Leo Tolstoy uses throughout Anna Karenina. By repeatedly focusing on his characters’ performance of routine physical actions, Tolstoy cues readers to draw on the motor memory they have acquired from their own embodied experience. Not only does this technique enable readers to grasp the fictional world with exceptional sensory and affective immediacy, but the ease or fluency with which readers retrieve their background knowledge can also heighten their sense of the fictional world’s familiarity and intimacy. Tolstoy’s handling of novelistic detail demonstrates how literary realism transforms ordinary experiences into a source of aesthetic pleasure.
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O'Grady, Catherine Keegan. ABILITY OF NURSES TO RECOGNIZE NONVERBAL BEHAVIORAL CUES ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN IN PRELINGUAL POSTOPERATIVE CHILDREN, INFERENCES MADE AND ACTIONS TAKEN. 1987.
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24
Eccles, John. Incidental Music, Part 2. Edited by Estelle Murphy. A-R Editions, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31022/b220.
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John Eccles's active theatrical career spanned a period of about sixteen years, though he continued to compose occasionally for the theater after his semi-retirement in 1707. During his career he wrote incidental music for more than seventy plays, writing songs that fit perfectly within their dramatic contexts and that offered carefully tailored vehicles for his singers’ talents while remaining highly accessible in tone. This edition includes music composed by Eccles for plays beginning with the letters H–P. These plays were fundamentally collaborative ventures, and multiple composers often supplied the music; thus, this edition includes all the known songs and instrumental items for each play. Plot summaries of the plays are given along with relevant dialogue cues, and the songs are given in the order in which they appear in the drama (when known).
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Mills, M. G. L., and M. E. J. Mills. Twenty-four-hour activity patterns and distances moved. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712145.003.0005.
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Cheetahs spent 70.2% of their time resting, 29.3% on food acquisition, and only 0.6% socializing. Males spent more time walking than females did. Females with small cubs spent more time vigilant than single females and females with large cubs. Cheetahs were predominantly diurnal. However, single animals and coalition males especially remained active after dark to extend hunting time because of the heat in summer, and to hunt springhares throughout the year. They showed a preference, but not exclusively so, for moonlit nights. Male cheetahs moved further per 24 h than females did and moved almost as far during the night as during the day. Females sometimes made long-distance moves when in oestrus. Springbok-hunting females had to move further than steenbok-hunting females because of difference dispersion patterns in the prey. Southern Kalahari cheetahs move longer distances to find food than do cheetahs in more mesic areas.
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Harry, Elizabeth, and John Sweller. Cognitive Load Theory and Patient Safety. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0002.
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Effective patient care depends on the ability to store and retrieve patient information and medical knowledge. All knowledge is either acquired from the environment or created de novo through trial and error. In either case, cues from the environment are filtered through working memory to attempt to guide action. Psychological principles such as resource theory and cognitive load theory suggest that humans have a limited amount of working memory that can be used to assimilate new information. When working memory is overloaded (i.e., cognitive overload), one’s attention is limited to fewer salient patient data pieces and one will naturally begin to ignore potentially crucial information. Cognitive overload can occur as a result of highly complex information, poorly organized information, distracting environments, or provider physiology. Attention to factors that lead to cognitive overload are critical in designing safe patient care systems.
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Porta, Donatella della, Massimiliano Andretta, Tiago Fernandes, Eduardo Romanos, and Markos Vogiatzoglou. Legacies, Memories, and Social Movements. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190860936.003.0006.
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The concluding chapter summarizes the empirical results along the main analytic dimensions presented in the introduction. It discusses in particular the main theoretical insights in considering protest as a critical juncture and choice point. It also points to the role played by memories as resources and constraints and the strategic choices of movements as mnemonic agents. Memories are part of movements’ inheritance, working as anchors for contentious politics; they either offer cues and legitimacy or deny them. New generations learn from older ones, but they also often contest, or at least try to overcome, the mistakes of their seniors, following specific generational tastes for frames and action as well as technological opportunities. Opening to further research, the chapter stresses the importance of considering the effects of time and history on contentious politics especially in times of change.
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Shiffrar, Maggie, and Christina Joseph. Paths of Apparent Human Motion Follow Motor Constraints. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0077.
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The phenomenon of apparent motion, or the illusory perception of movement from rapidly displayed static images, provides an excellent platform for the study of how perceptual systems analyze input over time and space. Studies of the human body in apparent motion further suggest that the visual system is also influenced by an observer’s motor experience with his or her own body. As a result, the human visual system sometimes processes human movement differently from object movement. For example, under apparent motion conditions in which inanimate objects appear to traverse the shortest possible paths of motion, human motion instead appears to follow longer, biomechanically plausible paths of motion. Psychophysical and brain imaging studies converge in supporting the hypothesis that the visual analysis of human movement differs from the visual analysis of nonhuman movements whenever visual motion cues are consistent with an observer’s motor repertoire of possible human actions.
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Gillan, Claire M. Habits and Goals in OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0016.
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This chapter gives a broad overview of the “habit hypothesis” of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Most patients with OCD recognize that becoming trapped in seemingly never-ending streams of repetitive ritualistic behaviors defies reason. Importantly, this recognition is not enough to put a halt to these behaviors. It has been proposed that these compulsions are “bad habits”: that external cues trigger an urge to perform a familiar response, which the patient cannot resist. The chapter presents the basics of what habits are, and how they relate to what we call “goal-directed control” over action. Next, an in-depth analysis of a series of empirical investigations that tested this hypothesis will be presented. In the final section, the habit hypothesis of OCD will be put into the broader context of “compulsivity” as a putative trans-diagnostic trait that is relevant for many psychiatric disorders.
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Brine, Kelly Gordon. The Art of Cinematic Storytelling. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190054328.001.0001.
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The Art of Cinematic Storytelling: A Visual Guide to Planning Shots, Cuts, and Transitions is a practical introduction to the design of shots, cuts, and transitions for film, video, television, animation, and game design. The author-illustrator is a storyboard artist who has worked with and learned from over 200 professional directors and cinematographers. This book’s clear and concise explanations and vivid examples demystify the visual design choices that are fundamental to directing and editing. Hundreds of illustrations and diagrams support the text. The primary emphasis is on blocking actors and positioning the camera for mood, meaning, and continuity editing. This book delves deeply into controlling the audience’s understanding and perception of time and space; designing in-camera time transitions; compressing and expanding time; composing creative shots for cinematic storytelling; choosing between objective and subjective storytelling; motivating camera moves; choosing lenses; using screen geography and film grammar for clarity; planning shots with continuity editing in mind; knowing how and when to cut; beginning and ending scenes; and using storyboards for planning and communication. Several chapters are devoted to how to block and shoot action involving travel, pursuits, searches, dialogue, groups, and driving. While the approach is based largely on well-established techniques of cinematography and continuity editing, attention is also given to jump cuts, tableau shots, and unconventional framing. The topics are covered thoroughly and systematically, and this book serves both as an introductory text and as a reference work for more advanced students of film.
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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Federal aid to communities, workers and businesses affected by defense cuts: Current programs and House action on H.R. 500b. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1992.
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Mills, Gus, and Margaret Mills. Kalahari Cheetahs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712145.001.0001.
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This book demonstrates how cheetahs are adapted to arid savannahs like the southern Kalahari, and makes comparisons with other areas, especially the Serengeti. Topics dealt with are: demography and genetic status; feeding ecology, i.e. methods used for studying diet, diets of different demographic groups, individual diet specializations of females, prey selection, the impact of cheetah predation on prey populations, activity regimes and distances travelled per day, hunting behaviour, foraging success and energetics; interspecific competition; spatial ecology; reproductive success and the mating system; and conservation. The major findings show that cheetahs are well adapted to arid ecosystems and are water independent. Cheetah density in the study area was stable at 0.7/100 km2 and the population was genetically diverse. Important prey were steenbok and springbok for females with cubs, gemsbok, and adult ostrich for coalition males, and steenbok, springhares, and hares for single animals. Cheetahs had a density-dependent regulatory effect on steenbok and springbok populations. Females with large cubs had the highest overall food intake. Cheetahs, especially males, were often active at night, and competition with other large carnivores, both by exploitation and interference, was slight. Although predation on small cubs was severe, cub survival to adolescence was six times higher than in the Serengeti. There was no difference in reproductive success between single and coalition males. The conservation priority for cheetahs should be to maintain protected areas over a spectrum of landscapes to allow ecological processes, of which the cheetah is an integral part, to proceed unhindered.
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Kühn, Wolfgang, and Gerd Walz. The molecular basis of ciliopathies and cyst formation. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0303.
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Abnormalities of the cilium, termed ‘ciliopathies’, are the prime suspect in the pathogenesis of renal cyst formation because the gene products of cystic disease-causing genes localize to them, or near them. However, we only partially understand how cilia maintain the geometry of kidney tubules, and how abnormal cilia lead to renal cysts, and the diverse range of diseases attributed to them. Some non-cystic diseases share pathology of the same structures. Although still incompletely understood, cilia appear to orient cells in response to extracellular cues to maintain the overall geometry of a tissue, thereby intersecting with the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway and the actin cytoskeleton. The PCP pathway controls two morphogenetic programmes, oriented cell division (OCD) and convergent extension (CE) through cell intercalation that both seem to play a critical role in cyst formation. The two-hit theory of cystogenesis, by which loss of the second normal allele causes tubular epithelial cells to form kidney cysts, has been largely borne out. Additional hits and influences may better explain the rate of cyst formation and inter-individual differences in disease progression. Ciliary defects appear to converge on overlapping signalling modules, including mammalian target of rapamycin and cAMP pathways, which can be targeted to treat human cystic kidney disease irrespective of the underlying gene mutation.
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Blair, R. J. R. The Developing Moralities. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0005.
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This chapter will make five claims regarding the development of morality. First, there are at least three, computationally distinct forms of social norm: victim-based, disgust-based, and social conventional. All three can be referred to as moral (although not all individuals place all of these categories of norm within their domain of morality). Second, these three forms of norm develop because of the existence of specific emotion-based learning systems (victim-based reliant on an emotional response to distress cues, disgust-based reliant on an emotional response to disgusted expressions, and social conventional norms reliant on an emotional response to anger). Third, the development of specific classes of norm can be disrupted if these emotion-based learning systems are dysfunctional. Fourth, these emotion-based systems are not automatic but instead under considerable attentional control. Fifth, these emotion-based systems alone cannot lead to the development of all aspects of morality. Specifically, they will not determine which norms the individual places within the moral domain—that is highly dependent on an individual’s culturally influenced theories of morality. In addition, judgments of morality require access to a concept of immorality to compare the action against. For most individuals, part of the concept of an immoral act includes its intentional nature. In short, full moral development requires the integration of mental state information provided by theory of mind with outcome information provided by the emotion learning systems.
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Davis, Alex. Imagining Inheritance from Chaucer to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851424.001.0001.
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This book explores how inheritance was imagined between the lifetimes of Chaucer and Shakespeare. The writing composed during this period was the product of what the historian Georges Duby has called a ‘society of heirs’, in which inheritance functioned as a key instrument of social reproduction, acting to ensure that existing structures of status, wealth, familial power, political influence, and gender relations were projected from the present into the future. In poetry, prose, and drama—in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde and his Canterbury Tales; in Spenser’s Faerie Queene; in plays by Shakespeare such as Macbeth, As You Like It, and The Merchant of Venice; and in a host of other works—we encounter a range of texts that attests to the extraordinary imaginative reach of questions of inheritance between the fourteenth and the seventeenth centuries. The prominence of inheritance within this society cuts across conventional period distinctions. This book offers a literary history within which medieval and Renaissance writing are seen as a ‘premodern’ whole, set in opposition to the modern world that succeeded it, in which practices of inheritance are delegitimized without being fully abandoned. Imagining Inheritance thus argues that an exploration of the ways in which inheritance was imagined between the fourteenth and the sixteenth centuries makes legible the deep structures of power that modernity wants to forget.
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Zalasiewicz, Jan. The Earth After Us. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199214976.001.0001.
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Geologist Jan Zalasiewicz takes the reader on a fascinating trip one hundred million years into the future--long after the human race becomes extinct--to explore what will remain of our brief but dramatic sojourn on Earth. He describes how geologists in the far future might piece together the history of the planet, and slowly decipher the history of humanity from the traces we will leave impressed in the rock strata. What story will the rocks tell of us? What kind of fossils will humans leave behind? What will happen to cities, cars, and plastic cups? The trail leads finally to the bones of the inhabitants of petrified cities that have slept deep underground for many millions of years. As thought-provoking as it is engaging, this book simultaneously explains the geological mechanisms that shape our planet, from fossilization to plate tectonics, illuminates the various ingenious ways in which geologists and paleontologist work, and offers a final perspective on humanity and its actions that may prove to be more objective than any other.
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McCauley, Robert N., and George Graham. Hearing Voices and Other Matters of the Mind. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190091149.001.0001.
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This book endorses an ecumenical naturalism toward all cognition, which will illuminate the long-recognized and striking similarities between features of mental disorders and features of religions. The authors emphasize underlying cognitive continuities between familiar features of religiosity, of mental disorders, and of everyday thinking and action. They contend that much religious thought and behavior can be explained in terms of the cultural activation of maturationally natural cognitive systems, which address fundamental problems of human survival, encompassing such capacities as hazard precautions, agency detection, language processing, and theory of mind. The associated skills are not taught and appear independent of general intelligence. Religions’ representations cue such systems’ operations. The authors hypothesize that in doing so they sometimes elicit responses that mimic features of cognition and conduct associated with mental disorders. Both in schizophrenia and in religions some people hear alien voices. The inability of depressed participants to communicate with or sense their religions’ powerful, caring gods can exacerbate their depression. Often religions can domesticate the concerns and compulsions of people with OCD. Religions’ rituals and pronouncements about moral thought-action fusion can temporarily evoke similar obsessions and compulsions in the general population. A chapter is devoted to each of these and to the exception that proves the rule. The authors argue that if autistic spectrum disorder involves theory-of mind-deficits, then people with ASD will lack intuitive insight and find inferences with many religious representations challenging. Ecumenical naturalism’s approach to mental abnormalities and religiosity promises both explanatory and therapeutic understanding.
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Tuszewicki, Marek. A Frog Under the Tongue. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764982.001.0001.
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Jews have been active participants in shaping the healing practices of the communities of eastern Europe. Their approach largely combined the ideas of traditional Ashkenazi culture with the heritage of medieval and early modern medicine. Holy rabbis and faith healers, as well as Jewish barbers, innkeepers, and pedlars, all dispensed cures, purveyed folk remedies for different ailments, and gave hope to the sick and their families based on kabbalah, numerology, prayer, and magical Hebrew formulas. Nevertheless, as new sources of knowledge penetrated the traditional world, modern medical ideas gained widespread support. Jews became court physicians to the nobility, and when the universities were opened up to them many also qualified as doctors. At every stage, medicine proved an important field for cross-cultural contacts. Jewish historians and scholars of folk medicine alike will discover here fascinating sources never previously explored — manuscripts, printed publications, and memoirs in Yiddish and Hebrew but also in Polish, English, German, Russian, and Ukrainian. The author's careful study of these documents has teased out therapeutic advice, recipes, magical incantations, kabbalistic methods, and practical techniques, together with the ethical considerations that such approaches entailed. The research fills a gap in the study of folk medicine in eastern Europe, shedding light on little-known aspects of Ashkenazi culture, and on how the need to treat sickness brought Jews and their neighbours together.
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Webster, Lynn. The Painful Truth. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190659721.001.0001.
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The Painful Truth describes the personal and social implications of living with chronic pain and paints a picture of how society can do a better job of helping people who are in pain. In Part 1, the author-a former president of the American Academy of Pain Medicine-tells in-depth stories about some of his patients, using each story to focus on a key issue that frequently surfaces in the lives of people who have pain. The value of a positive attitude, the way that pain combines with other things going on in a person’s life, the reality of prejudice, the risk of becoming addicted to opioids, the power of love, the possibility of leveraging faith for healing, the burden and necessity of caregiving, and the need to be active in managing and making decisions for one’s own life-these are issues that come out in the stories. In Part 2, Webster talks about the issue of pain on a societal level. He faces head-on the thorny decisions involved in the use of opioids to treat chronic pain. Finally he argues that we need a cultural transformation to increase the acceptance of people who are in pain and to mobilize society’s resources to find cures for pain and make them available to all who need them. The Painful Truth, while intended for laypeople, is also helpful to medical professionals and policymakers.
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Marshall, Tim. The Politics and Ideology of Planning. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447337201.001.0001.
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The present time is one of considerable political and ideological turmoil. This affects urban planning, like all areas of public policy. This book sets out to analyse the political and ideological dimensions of planning, focusing on the UK and particularly on England. These have been underplayed or obscured in the past, partly because professional planners have wished to present themselves as apolitical and non-ideological actors. The book proposes that good planning practice will be helped by a more explicit engagement with how planning is affected by political activity and by ideological thinking. The book therefore takes a series of cuts into the subject, starting with a survey of recent planning literature and proceeding to a historical overview of the relationship of planning to ideological currents, including a brief study of one recent UK government. There is then a survey of the main ideological composites active in Britain. There follows a chapter on the relationships between technical work, law and planning, to establish to what degree the political forces allow autonomy for technical skill and the force of legal thinking. Three chapters deal with dimensions of politics and ideology as they operate within government, pressure politics and the media, as well as the place of public deliberation in planning. Two chapters examine different facets and fields of planning, to identify variation across sub-fields of planning work. The final chapter explores some paths to improving the relationship between politics and planning, in current circumstances.
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Ginsberg, Benjamin. The Fall of the Faculty. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199782444.001.0001.
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Until very recently, American universities were led mainly by their faculties, which viewed intellectual production and pedagogy as the core missions of higher education. Today, as Benjamin Ginsberg warns in this eye-opening, controversial book, "deanlets"--administrators and staffers often without serious academic backgrounds or experience--are setting the educational agenda. The Fall of the Faculty examines the fallout of rampant administrative blight that now plagues the nation's universities. In the past decade, universities have added layers of administrators and staffers to their payrolls every year even while laying off full-time faculty in increasing numbers--ostensibly because of budget cuts. In a further irony, many of the newly minted--and non-academic--administrators are career managers who downplay the importance of teaching and research, as evidenced by their tireless advocacy for a banal "life skills" curriculum. Consequently, students are denied a more enriching educational experience--one defined by intellectual rigor. Ginsberg also reveals how the legitimate grievances of minority groups and liberal activists, which were traditionally championed by faculty members, have, in the hands of administrators, been reduced to chess pieces in a game of power politics. By embracing initiatives such as affirmative action, the administration gained favor with these groups and legitimized a thinly cloaked gambit to bolster their power over the faculty. As troubling as this trend has become, there are ways to reverse it. The Fall of the Faculty outlines how we can revamp the system so that real educators can regain their voice in curriculum policy.
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Egreteau, Renaud. Caretaking Democratization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190620967.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book examines the political landscape that followed the 2010 elections in Myanmar and the subsequent transition from direct military rule to a semi-civilian, ‘hybrid’ regime. Striking political, social, and economic transformations have indeed taken place in the long-isolated country since the military junta disbanded in March 2011. To better construe – and question – what has routinely been labelled a ‘Burmese Spring’, the book examines the reasons behind the ongoing political transition, as well as the role of the Burmese armed forces in the process. The book draws on in-depth interviews with Burmese political actors, party leaders, parliamentarians, active and retired army officers. It also takes its cue from comparative scholarship on civil-military relations and post-authoritarian politics, looking at the ‘praetorian’ logic to explain the transitional moment. Myanmar’s road to democratic change is, however, paved with obstacles. As the book suggests, the continuing military intervention in domestic politics, the resilience of bureaucratic, economic and political clientelism at all levels of society, the towering presence of Aung San Suu Kyi, the shadowy influence of regional and global powers, and the enduring concerns about interethnic and interreligious relations, all are strong reminders of the series of elemental conundrums which Myanmar will have to deal with in order to achieve democratization, sustainable development and peace.
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Berk, Laura E. Awakening Children's Minds. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195124859.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Parents and teachers today face a swirl of conflicting theories about child rearing and educational practice. Indeed, current guides are contradictory, oversimplified, and at odds with current scientific knowledge. Now, in Awakening Children's Minds, Laura Berk cuts through the confusion of competing theories, offering a new way of thinking about the roles of parents and teachers and how they can make a difference in children's lives. This is the first book to bring to a general audience, in lucid prose richly laced with examples, truly state-of-the-art thinking about child rearing and early education. Berk's central message is that parents and teachers contribute profoundly to the development of competent, caring, well-adjusted children. In particular, she argues that adult-child communication in shared activities is the wellspring of psychological development. These dialogues enhance language skills, reasoning ability, problem-solving strategies, the capacity to bring action under the control of thought, and the child's cultural and moral values. Berk explains how children weave the voices of more expert cultural members into dialogues with themselves. When puzzling, difficult, or stressful circumstances arise, children call on this private speech to guide and control their thinking and behavior. In addition to providing clear roles for parents and teachers, Berk also offers concrete suggestions for creating and evaluating quality educational environments--at home, in child care, in preschool, and in primary school--and addresses the unique challenges of helping children with special needs. Parents, Berk writes, need a consistent way of thinking about their role in children's lives, one that can guide them in making effective child-rearing decisions. Awakening Children's Minds gives us the basic guidance we need to raise caring, thoughtful, intelligent children.
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Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy: Applications forchemists and biochemists. New York, N.Y: VCH, 1987.
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1953-, Croasmun William R., and Carlson, Robert M. K., 1949-, eds. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy: Applications for chemists and biochemists. New York, N.Y: VCH, 1987.
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