Journal articles: 'CUF'

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Schwerdtfeger, P., P. D. W. Boyd, G. A. Bowmaker, and L. P. Aldridge. "Theoretical studies on CuF+, CuF, CuF?, CuF2, and CuF2 ?" Structural Chemistry 1, no. 5 (September 1990): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00671226.

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Iovino, Massimo, Pavla Pekárová, Paul D. Hallett, Ján Pekár, Ľubomír Lichner, Jorge Mataix-Solera, Vincenzo Alagna, et al. "Extent and persistence of soil water repellency induced by pines in different geographic regions." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2018-0024.

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Abstract The extent (determined by the repellency indices RI and RIc) and persistence (determined by the water drop penetration time, WDPT) of soil water repellency (SWR) induced by pines were assessed in vastly different geographic regions. The actual SWR characteristics were estimated in situ in clay loam soil at Ciavolo, Italy (CiF), sandy soil at Culbin, United Kingdom (CuF), silty clay soil at Javea, Spain (JaF), and sandy soil at Sekule, Slovakia (SeF). For Culbin soil, the potential SWR characteristics were also determined after oven-drying at 60°C (CuD). For two of the three pine species considered, strong (Pinus pinaster at CiF) and severe (Pinus sylvestris at CuD and SeF) SWR conditions were observed. Pinus halepensis trees induced slight SWR at JaF site. RI and RIc increased in the order: JaF < CuF < CiF < CuD < SeF, reflecting nearly the same order of WDPT increase. A lognormal distribution fitted well to histograms of RIc data from CuF and JaF, whereas CiF, CuD and SeF had multimodal distributions. RI correlated closely with WDPT, which was used to develop a classification of RI that showed a robust statistical agreement with WDPT classification according to three different versions of Kappa coefficient.

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Aramburu, J. A., and M. Moreno. "Explaining the optical spectrum of CrF2 and CuF2 model materials: role of the tetragonal to monoclinic instability." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 22 (2019): 11714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01822k.

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Green, Rivka, Christine Till, Alejandra Cantoral, Bruce Lanphear, E. Angeles Martinez-Mier, Pierre Ayotte, Robert O. Wright, Martha M. Tellez-Rojo, and Ashley J. Malin. "Associations between Urinary, Dietary, and Water Fluoride Concentrations among Children in Mexico and Canada." Toxics 8, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040110.

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Fluoride, which may be toxic to the developing brain, is added to salt in Mexico and drinking water in Canada to prevent dental caries. We compared childhood urinary fluoride (CUF) concentrations in Mexico City and Canada to characterize patterns of fluoride exposure in these two populations. We also examined associations of CUF with dietary and water fluoride levels in Mexico City and Canada respectively. We included 561 children (ages 4–6; mean age 4.8 years) from the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stress (PROGRESS) cohort in Mexico City, and 645 children (ages 2–6; mean age 3.7 years) from the Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort in Canada. We applied Spearman correlations, T-tests, ANOVA or covariate-adjusted linear regression to examine associations of CUF (mg/L; adjusted for specific gravity) with demographics and dietary or water fluoride concentrations. We used Welch equivalence testing to compare means across cohorts. Mean (SD) CUF was equivalent (t = 4.26, p < 0.001) in PROGRESS: 0.74 (0.42) and fluoridated Canadian communities: 0.66 (0.47), but lower in non-fluoridated Canadian communities: 0.42 (0.31) (t = −6.37, p < 0.001). Water fluoride concentrations were significantly associated with CUF after covariate adjustment for age and sex in MIREC (B = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.59, p < 0.001). In contrast, daily food and beverage fluoride intake was not associated with CUF in PROGRESS (p = 0.82). We found that CUF levels are comparable among children in Mexico City and fluoridated Canadian communities, despite distinct sources of exposure. Community water fluoridation is a major source of fluoride exposure for Canadian children.

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Cinefra, Maria, and Erasmo Carrera. "Shell Finite Elements for the Analysis of Multifield Problems in Multilayered Composite Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 828 (March 2016): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.828.215.

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This paper deals with the analysis of layered structures under thermal and electro-mechanical loads. Constitutive equations for multifield are considered and the Principle of Virtual Displacements (PVD) is employed to derive the governing equations. The MITC9 shell finite element based on the Carrera's Unified Formulation (CUF) has been applied for the analysis. The models grouped in the CUF have variable through-the-thickness kinematic and they provide an accurate distribution of displacements and stresses along the thickness of the laminate. The shell element has nine nodes and the Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Components (MITC) method is used to contrast the membrane and shear locking phenomenon. The finite element analysis of multilayered plates and shells has been addressed. Variable kinematics, as well as layer-wise and equivalent single layer descriptions, have been considered for the presented FEs, according to CUF. A few problems are analyzed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Various laminations, thickness ratios and curvature ratios are considered. The results, obtained with different theories contained in the CUF, are compared with both the elasticity solutions given in literature and the analytical solutions obtained using the CUF and the Navier's method.

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SUBBOTIN, B. S., and A. V. TERENTYEV. "MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE OPERATION OF HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES IN THE TRANSPORTATION OF BULK CARGO UNDER CONDITIONS OF RESTRICTIONS IN THE OPERATION OF ROADS." World of transport and technological machines 74, no. 3 (2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2021-74-3-50-56.

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The article presents a matrix of effective solutions, depending on the state of the operating environment in the «car-environment» system. Different variants of the value of the capacity utili-zation factor (CUF) are a prerequisite for differentiating the assessment of efficiency indicators of heavy vehicles when transporting bulk cargo. These studies make it possible to establish, with the help of a certain analysis, statistical links and build: a graph of the dependence of changes in the characteristics of vehicles during the transportation of bulk cargo depending on the change in CUF, a graph of the dependence of the cost of transportation of goods per 1 km depending on the change in CUF, a graph of the dependence of changes in damage caused by the vehicle when transporting bulk cargo, depending on the change in CUF.

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Chaudhari, Ramesh, Bharat Chaudhari, Pratiksinh Dilipsinh, and Vijya Leela bhai. "To Study the Temporal Variation of Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) of PV Based Solar Power Plant with Respect to Climatic Condition." Current World Environment 11, no. 2 (August 25, 2016): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.2.38.

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Performance, quality and reliability of technology are becoming more and more important for the emerging photovoltaic markets worldwide. In this experiment the monitoring of climatic factors like, solar radiation, Ambient Temperature, Module Temperature, Relative Humidity and Wind Speed was carried out on daily basis for six months, between 7:00 A.M to 6:00 P.M. Data was measured with SCADA system. This analysis was carried out by monitoring the fluctuation in power output of the system with climatic factors. From the results, there is direct proportionality between the power output of the system and the climatic factors. The correlation between ambient air temperature, PV module temperature and CUF is strongly positive. The other climatic factor like wind speed is does not have much significant effect on CUF. The Relative humidity is negatively correlated with CUF. The correlation between solar radiation and the CUF is strongly positive.

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Koukounas, Constantine, and Aristides Mavridis. "Ab initio Study of the Diatomic Fluorides FeF, CoF, NiF, and CuF." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 112, no. 44 (November 6, 2008): 11235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp805034w.

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Wang, Hai Xia, and Peng Ji. "Extending Tertiary Treated Municipal Wastewater as Boiler Feed-Water via a Dual Membrane CUF/RO Process." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2476.

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The objective of this work is to conduct feasibility studies on water treatment for boiler feeding water use from treated municipal wastewater effluent using a pilot dual continuous ultrafiltration - reverse osmosis (CUF/RO) membrane process with the capacity of 15m3/h. A CUF membrane from HYDRAcap and LFC3-LD RO membrane were used in this study. The CUF unit and RO unit were operated at over 97% and 75-80% water recovery, respectively. The results indicate that CUF process is not only capable of reducing organic and nutrient pollutants but also achieves a silt density index (SDI) less than 2, turbidity of less than 0.47NTU which is suitable for RO treatment. Rejection of the RO unit in terms of average conductivity, COD, hardness, alkaline, NH4+-N, TN, TP were higher than 98.2%, 97.9%, 99.8%, 97.9%, 93.9%, 95.1% and 75%, respectively. Other parameters also can match the quality of high-grade water for use in the boiler industry except pH. Finally, a cost comparison between dual membrane and ion-exchange process showed annual savings of more than 33000000 CNY can be possible.

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Haider, Adnan, Irfan Azmatullah KhwajaIrfan Azmatullah Khwaja, Saira Gull, Hina Nabi, Imran Khan, and Habib Ur Rehman. "Zero Balance versus Conventional Hemofiltration-Impact on Renal Function and Blood Conservation in Adult Valvular." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592314.

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Aim: To compare conventional ultrafiltration (CUF) with zero-balanced ultrafiltration (Z-BUF) in the patients having valvular heart surgery. Methods: This cross-sectional mono-centered retrospective study was designed. The data of total 471 patients were reviewed during March 2018 to February 2020, only 98 patients fitted in the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups with 47(47.95%) patients received CUF, while 51 (52.04%) patients were administered with Z-BUF at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25. The early postoperative clinical outcomes included, renal function as primary outcome and hemodynamics stability of the patients as secondary outcome. Results: Renal functions in terms of serum creatinine (1.1 vs. 1.3mg/dL; P < 0.010) and creatinine clearance ratio (81.51vs. 67.3mL/min; P < 0.01) were improved in the patients having Z-BUF compared with CUF. Urine output was almost double in the Z-BUF cohort compared with the CUF. The hemofiltration technique had no impact on the secondary outcomes as amount of the blood loss and number of patients required blood transfusion were similar (P > 0.05) in our cohort. Conclusion: Z-BUF appeared to be better hemofiltration method than CUF during CPB when assessed in terms of renal protection without hemodynamic status in patients undergoing valvular heart surgeries in our population. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary bypass, Ultrafiltration, Renal injury, Hemoglobin, Blood transfusion

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Wang, Dan, An Yan, Yichun Liu, Zhong Wu, Xueping Gan, Fengxian Li, Jingmei Tao, Caiju Li, and Jianhong Yi. "Interfacial Bonding Improvement through Nickel Decoration on Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotubes/Cu Composite Foams Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152548.

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Inhomogeneous structures with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), reinforced with Cu composite foams as the reinforcing skeletons (CNTs/Cuf®Cu), have been designed to overcome the paradox between strength and ductility or conductivity in copper matrix composites. The interface between CNTs and the copper matrix is usually weak, due to poor wettability and interaction. In this study, nickel nanoparticles are decorated onto CNTs to improve interfacial bonding. The broader interface transition area between CNTs and copper with Ni3C interfacial products formed, and a combination of improved electrical conductivity (95.6% IACS), tensile strength (364.9 MPa), and elongation (40.6%) was achieved for the Ni-decorated CNTs/Cuf®Cu (Ni-CNTs/Cuf®Cu). In addition, the strengthening mechanisms are discussed in this study.

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Margalit, Anatte, James C. Carolan, David Sheehan, and Kevin Kavanagh. "The Aspergillus fumigatus Secretome Alters the Proteome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Stimulate Bacterial Growth: Implications for Co-infection." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 19, no. 8 (May 23, 2020): 1346–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.ra120.002059.

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Individuals with cystic fibrosis are susceptible to co-infection by Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite the persistence of A. fumigatus in the cystic fibrosis lung P. aeruginosa eventually predominates as the primary pathogen. Several factors are likely to facilitate P. aeruginosa colonization in the airways, including alterations to the microbial environment. The cystic fibrosis airways are hypoxic, nitrate-rich environments, and the sputum has higher amino acid concentrations than normal. In this study, significant growth proliferation was observed in P. aeruginosa when the bacteria were exposed to A. fumigatus culture filtrates (CuF) containing a high nitrate content. Proteomic analysis of the A. fumigatus CuF identified a significant number of environment-altering proteases and peptidases. The molecular mechanisms promoting bacterial growth were investigated using label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomics to compare the proteome of P. aeruginosa grown in the A. fumigatus CuF and in CuF produced by a P. aeruginosa-A. fumigatus co-culture, to that cultured in P. aeruginosa CuF. LFQ proteomics revealed distinct changes in the proteome of P. aeruginosa when cultured in the different CuFs, including increases in the levels of proteins involved in denitrification, stress response, replication, amino acid metabolism and efflux pumps, and a down-regulation of pathways involving ABC transporters. These findings offer novel insights into the complex dynamics that exist between P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus. Understanding the molecular strategies that enable P. aeruginosa to predominate in an environment where A. fumigatus exists is important in the context of therapeutic development to target this pathogen.

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Vigo Pizarro, Rosa Marilin. "Efecto de un biofertilizante en el crecimiento y rendimiento de dos variedades de Medicago sativa." Revista Científica UNTRM: Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería 3, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25127/ucni.v3i2.611.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de un biofertilizante en el crecimiento y rendimiento en dos variedades de Medicago sativa “alfalfa”, se elaboró un biofertilizante a base de agua de lavado de café, excreta de vacuno, melaza y B-Lac ®, él que luego fue aplicado a dos variedades de alfalfa Cuf 101 y Beacon en 1% y 1.5%. Se tuvo 6 tratamientos los que fueron distribuidos bajo un diseño completamente al Azar: T1 (0%Biof , Cuf 101), T2 (0% Biof, Beacon), T3 (1% Biof, Cuf 101), T4 (1% Biof, Beacon), T5 (1.5% Biof , Cuf 101) y T6 (1.5% Biof, Beacon). Se evaluó parámetros productivos y bromatológicos. Los datos se analizaron mediante el análisis de varianza (ANVA), con el uso del programa estadístico Statistix versión 8.0, con un nivel de significancia (α) del 5% y un nivel de confianza (1- α) del 95% y la comparación de medias mediante el método de Dunnett (α=0.05). Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas para rendimiento (1.42kg), altura de planta (66cm), proteína (23%) y digestibilidad (81%), para número de hojas por planta, contenido materia seca, Fibra detergente neutro y ácido no se observaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. Se concluye que el biofertilizante al 1.5% da mejor resultado.

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Yu, Wen-Zheng, John Gregory, Ting Liu, Yan-lin Yang, Min Sun, and Gui-bai Li. "Effect of enhanced coagulation by KMnO4 on the fouling of ultrafiltration membranes." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 1497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.586.

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Pre-coagulation enhanced by KMnO4 before ultrafiltration (KCUF) was compared with normal pre-coagulation by alum (CUF) in the ultrafiltration of water from the Songhua River, China. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) with KCUF was much lower than that when alum alone was used. With KCUF a slower increment of TMP occurred, even under conditions of high river water turbidity. The results also showed that the removal of COD, UV254 and TOC was appreciably higher after adding 0.5mg/L KMnO4 compared with CUF. Although assimilable organic carbon (AOC) was increased by permanganate treatment, the AOC of the permeate from KCUF was nearly the same as that from CUF, showing that the cake layer on the surface of KCUF membrane could adsorb small molecules more effectively than that of CUF. This result was confirmed by the apparent molecular weight (MW) distribution measured by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). It was shown that flocs formed by KMnO4 and alum were larger than those formed only by alum, causing higher removal of flocs and higher permeation flux. Lower NOM was found in the permeate from the KCUF systems because oxidation and adsorption of organic matter on the flocs occurred. The membrane was partly clogged by organic matter or other materials including some small flocs.

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Ng, Fei Chong, Mohamad Aizat Abas, MZ Abdullah, MHH Ishak, and Gean Yuen Chong. "CUF scaling effect on contact angle and threshold pressure." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 29, no. 4 (September 4, 2017): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-09-2016-0020.

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Purpose This paper aims to present experimental and finite volume method (FVM)-based simulation studies on the scaling effect on the capillary contact angle and entrant pressure for a three-dimensional encapsulation process of ball-grid array (BGA). Design/methodology/approach With the development of various sizes of BGA packages, the scaling effect of BGA model on capillary underfill (CUF) process is investigated together with the influences of different industrial standard solder bump arrangements and dispensing methods used as case study. Findings The experimental results agree well to the simulation findings with minimal deviation in filling time and similar flow front profiles for all setups. The results revealed that the capillary contact angle of flow front decreases in scale-up model with larger gap height observed and lengthens the encapsulation process. Statistical correlation studies are conducted and accurate regression equations are obtained to relate the gap height to the completion filling time and contact angle. CUF threshold capillary pressures were computed based on Leverett-J function and found to be increasing with the scale size of the package. Practical implications These statistical data provide accurate insights into the impact of BGA’s scale sizes to the CUF process that will be benefiting the future design of BGA package. This study provided electronic designers with profound understanding on the scaling effect in CUF process of BGA, which may be extended to the future development of miniature-sized BGA and multi-stack device. Originality/value This study relates the flow behaviour of encapsulant to its capillary contact angle and Leverett-J pressure threshold, in the CUF process of different BGA and dispensing conditions. To date, no research has been found to predict the threshold pressure on the gap between the chip and substrate.

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Ceci, Adriana, Paola Baiardi, Simona Ravera, Emilia Chiò, Pellegri Cristiana, Cristina Negrini, Giorgio Capitelli, et al. "Impiego degli Inibitori della Pompa protonica (IPP) in Piemonte: indagine sulle abitudini prescrittive dei Medici di Medicina Generale." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 5, no. 2 (June 15, 2004): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v5i2.791.

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Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) (Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole and Esomeprazole), one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications in the primary care setting, are considered a major advance in the treatment of acid-peptic diseases. In Italy PPIs are reimbursed by National Health Service on the basis of CUF (Commissione Unica del Farmaco) 1 and 48 Notes. In 2002 and 2003 a significant increase in PPIs consumption and expenditure have been documented, showing differences between regions. The aim of this study is to investigate and monitor, at regional level, type and entity of PPIs use through a drug utilization study, evaluating prescribing behaviour and compliance of PPIs treatments with CUF Notes indications. The study has been carried out on a sample of 436 General Practitioners belonging to 22 Piemonte’s ASL (Aziende Sanitarie Locali). The data analysis shows that acid-related pathologies are significantly more common in patients with at least 50 years of age and the most frequent condition is represented by gastroesophageal reflux disease. Despite the general conditions of PPIs use by General Practitioners in terms of duration and dosage of therapy result in most cases (from 49% to 80% for duration and from 54% to 97% for dosage) compliant with what proposed by CUF Notes, in some cases the same CUF Notes indications seem to be not observed. Consequently the Piemonte Region has decided to plan a guideline on PPIs rational use. Such guideline, expected to be introduced in the regional area, may also be considered as an instrument able to lead to a more appropriate expenditure for this drug class. Moreover, in order to control PPIs expenditure, pharmacoeconomic methodologies can be applied allowing to identify the most cost - effective active substance and therapeutic scheme, overcoming CUF Notes which consider all PPIs use under the same reimbursement conditions.

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Neves, Ana M. A., António J. M. Ferreira, Erasmo Carrera, Maria Cinefra, Carla M. C. Roque, Renato M. N. Jorge, and Cristóvăo M. M. Soares. "Buckling behaviour of cross-ply laminated plates by a higher-order shear deformation theory." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2011-0131.

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AbstractIn this article, Carrera’s Unified Formulation (CUF) is combined with a radial basis function collocation technique. A higher-order theory that considers deformations in the thickness direction was developed under CUF to predict the buckling behaviour of laminated plates. The obtained governing equations and boundary conditions are then interpolated by collocation with radial basis functions. The accuracy and efficiency of the combination of the two techniques for buckling problems of laminated plates are demonstrated through numerical experiments.

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Wasąg, Joanna, and Malgorzata Grabarczyk. "Copper Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Copper Film with Carbon Nanotubes Modified Screen-Printed Electrode for the Cd(II) Determination." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 5148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185148.

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A copper film modified glassy carbon electrode (CuF/GCE) and a novel copper film with carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed electrode (CuF/CN/SPE) for anodic stripping voltammetric measurement of ultratrace levels of Cd(II) are presented. During the development of the research procedure, several main parameters were investigated and optimized. The optimal electroanalytical performance of the working electrodes was achieved in electrolyte 0.1 M HCl and 2 × 10−4 M Cu(II). The copper film modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited operation in the presence of dissolved oxygen with a calculated limit of detection of 1.7 × 10−10 M and 210 s accumulation time, repeatability with RSD of 4.2% (n = 5). In the case of copper film with carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed electrode limit of detection amounted 1.3 × 10−10 M for accumulation time of 210 s and with RSD of 4.5% (n = 5). The calibration curve has a linear range in the tested concentration of 5 × 10−10–5 × 10−7 M (r = 0.999) for CuF/GCE and 3 × 10−10–3 × 10−7 M (r = 0.999) for CuF/CN/SPE with 210 s accumulation time in both cases. The used electrodes enable trace determination of cadmium in different environmental water samples containing organic matrix. The validation of the proposed procedures was carried out through analysis certified reference materials: TM-25.5, SPS-SW1, and SPS-WW1.

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Anower, M. Rokebul, Anne Fennell, Arvid Boe, Ivan W. Mott, Michael D. Peel, and Yajun Wu. "Physiological and molecular characterisation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) germplasm with improved seedling freezing tolerance." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 6 (2016): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15204.

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We conducted greenhouse experiments to compare 14 lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) germplasms for their survival following freezing. Some are collections adapted to the Grand River National Grasslands in South Dakota. We hypothesised that these collections might have developed a tolerance to survive the frigid growth conditions common there. Two of these collections, River side (RS) and Foster ranch (FR), showed greater freezing tolerance than the other germplasms tested, based on their consistent survival rates with or without cold acclimation. In multiple freezing studies, RS and FR had average survival rates of 74% and 79%, respectively, in contrast to the commercial cultivars Apica and CUF-101 (CUF) (64% and 24%, respectively). The average temperature at which 50% of ions in plant tissues leak out (LT50) by freezing based on leaf electrolyte leakage was closely correlated with survival rates. Leaf LT50 improved 2–3-fold after 3 days of cold acclimation, based on leaf electrolyte leakage analysis, reaching −18°C, –9.6°C, –8.5°C, and −5°C for RS, FR, Apica, and CUF, respectively. Comparison of total soluble sugars and relative water content in shoots before and after cold acclimation showed that they were not well correlated with freezing tolerance and could not explain the superior responses of RS and FR during cold acclimation. Transcript analysis of cold-responsive MsCBF1, MsCBF2 and CAS15B genes showed that RS, FR, Apica and CUF exhibited distinct patterns of cold induction. Although RS, FR and Apica showed a rapid or greater increase in expression level of one or two of these genes, CUF showed only a moderate induction in MsCBF2 and CAS15B transcripts, suggesting that expression of these genes may be a good molecular marker for freezing tolerance in lucerne. The findings provide evidence that freezing tolerance in lucerne is a complex trait and that a combination of different mechanisms may greatly improve freezing tolerance. RS and FR are potential resources in breeding for improving freezing tolerance in lucerne.

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Wang, Shuangxi, Haifeng Lan, Wenjun Wang, Gaoshan Liu, and Dan Zhang. "Al2O3-Cu Substrate with Co-Continuous Phases Made by Powder Sintering Process." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081477.

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Ceramic-Al substrates with co-continuous ceramic and metal phases, which exhibit high thermal conductivity and compatible coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), have been widely investigated through the process of die-casting. In this research, a kind of powder sintering process was proposed for fabricating ceramic-Cu composite substrates with co-continuous phases. Copper fiber (Cuf) has excellent thermal conductivity and large aspect ratio, making it an ideal material to form bridging network structures in the ceramic-Cu composite. To maintain the large aspect ratio of Cuf, and densify the composite substrate, ZnO-SiO2-CaO glass was introduced as a sintering additive. Both Al2O3/glass/Cuf and Al2O3/30glass/Cup composite substrates were hot-pressed at 850 °C under 25 MPa. Experimental results showed that the thermal conductivity of Al2O3/30glass/30Cuf composite substrate was as high as 38.9 W/mK, which was about 6 times that of Al2O3/30glass; in contrast, the thermal conductivity of Al2O3/30glass/30Cup composite substrate was only 25.9 W/mK. Microstructure observation showed that, influenced by hot press and corrosion of molten ZnO-SiO2-CaO glass, the copper fibers were deformed under hot-pressing, and some local melting-like phenomena occurred on the surface of copper fiber at 850 °C under 25 MPa. The molten phase originating from surface of Cuf welded the overlapping node of copper fibers during cooling process. Finally, the interconnecting metal bridging in ceramic matrix was formed and behaved as a rapid heat-dissipating channel, which is similar to substrates prepared through die-casting process by porous ceramic and melted Al.

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Norquist, Alexander J., Margaret E. Welk, Charlotte L. Stern, and Kenneth R. Poeppelmeier. "Synthesis of the Neutral (CuF(NC5H5)4)2NbOF5Cluster." Chemistry of Materials 12, no. 7 (July 2000): 1905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm0001354.

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Tian, Zhimei, Chongfu Song, Chang Wang, Zhaodi Liu, and Rongbao Liao. "Theoretical characterization of (CuF) (n = 1–12) clusters." Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 1157 (June 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2019.04.001.

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Nguyen, Nhi Phuong Thi, Hue Thi Nguyen, Hop Van Nguyen, and Long Thai Hoang. "Gold–Copper Film Electrode for Voltammetry Determination of Mercury in Water." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2202677.

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Gold-copper film electrode prepared in situ on carbon paste solid disk substrate (Au–CuF/CPE) was studied as a working electrode. The factors influencing mercury stripping peak currents, such as C Au III (0.20 mg/L), C Cu II (0.05 mg/L), type of acids and their concentration (HClO4, 0.005 M), deposition potential (-800 mV) for Au–CuF/CPE, deposition time (180 s), and interferents, were investigated and optimized. The method has a low limit of detection of 0.13 μg/L and is not affected significantly by the examined ions/substance. It was applied to detect the concentration of Hg in real water samples and is promising for practical usage.

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Ferreira, A. J. M., C. M. C. Roque, E. Carrera, M. Cinefra, and O. Polit. "Two higher order Zig-Zag theories for the accurate analysis of bending, vibration and buckling response of laminated plates by radial basis functions collocation and a unified formulation." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 24 (May 10, 2011): 2523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998311401103.

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In this article, we combine the Carrera's Unified Formulation, CUF (Carrera E. Theories and Finite elements for multilayered plates and shells: A unified compact formulation with numerical assessment and benchmarking. Arch. Comput. Methods Eng., 2003; 10: 215–297.) and a radial basis function collocation technique for predicting the static deformations, free vibrations and buckling behavior of thin and thick cross-ply laminated plates. We develop by the CUF two Zig-Zag theories according to Murakami's Zig-Zag function. Both theories account for through-the-thickness deformations, allowing the analysis of thick plates. The accuracy and efficiency of this collocation technique for static, vibration, and buckling problems are demonstrated through numerical examples.

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Lyle, Justin, Thomas-C. Jagau, and Richard Mabbs. "Spectroscopy of temporary anion states: Renner–Teller coupling and electronic autodetachment in copper difluoride anion." Faraday Discussions 217 (2019): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8fd00224j.

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Itoh, Kimihisa, Tetsuya Matsukawa, Takahiro Deguchi, Momona Yamagami, Norimichi Tomohiro, Kazuya Murata, Shin’ichiro Kajiyama, Yuichi Endo, Hideaki Matsuda, and Shigeru Shigeoka. "Effective Utilization of Citrus unshiu Plant Waste Extracts with Lipase Inhibitory Activities." Journal of Plant Studies 10, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v10n2p1.

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During the course of Citrus unshiu fruit cultivation, large amounts of plant material including pruned leaves, thinned-out flowers and unripe fruit are obtained; these materials are generally considered unusable and discarded as plant wastes. We have previously attempted to establish an effective use of such plant wastes as beneficial natural resources and found that a methanolic extract of pruned Citrus leaves (CUL-ext) exhibited inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic lipase. In this study, we sought to identify further the effective uses of C. unshiu plant wastes by determining the lipase inhibitory activity of methanolic extracts of thinning out flowers (CUF-ext) and unripe fruit (CUUF-ext). We accordingly found that the inhibitory activity of CUF-ext was superior to that of CUUF-ext and comparable to that previously observed using CUL-ext. Fractionation of CUF-ext and CUUF-ext, followed by chromatographic analyses, revealed that the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of these extracts could be attributed, at least in part, to the flavonoids hesperidin, nobiletin, narirutin and rutin. On the basis of present findings, we propose that, in addition to pruned Citrus leaves, the thinned-out flowers and unripe fruit of C. unshiu are natural resources which are suitable for preparing constituents with lipase inhibitory activity.

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Xu, Pengcheng, Yan Chen, Bo Gui, Xiaolong Guo, and Jian Zhang. "Pilot study on the treatment of lake water with algae by ultrafiltration–ozone–biologically activated carbon." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 70, no. 8 (October 7, 2021): 1192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2021.041.

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Abstract For the treatment of lake water with algae, the coagulation–ultrafiltration–ozone–biologically activated carbon (CUF–O3–BAC) integrated process was first used to treat East Taihu Lake water in China, aiming at evaluating the removal efficiencies of algae, permanganate index (CODMn), UV254, NH3-N and disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors. In addition, the long-term performance of the membrane operation under the fluxes of 60, 70, 80 and 90 L/(m2·h) was also investigated, and kinetic models were established. The experimental results showed that the integrated process had positive impaction of algae, CODMn, UV254 and NH3-N removal, and the removal rates were 95.89 ± 1.52, 76.18 ± 4.38, 72.06 ± 4.72 and 81.31 ± 6.71%, respectively. The CUF process was prone to increase the formation potentials of DBPs. Although ozone could reduce the formation risks of chlorinated trihalomethanes (THMs) to a certain extent, it is ineffective to reduce those of brominated THMs and haloacetic acids (HAA5). However, the CUF–O3–BAC process was an effective technology for the removal of THMs and HAA5 precursors in drinking water treatment. Finally, it was found that the relationship between transmembrane pressure (TMP) and time conformed to the first-order and second-order kinetic models, and the linear fitting coefficients were all above 90%.

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Anzures, Edgardo, Paul Morganelli, Paul Morganelli, Robert Barr, Jeffrey Calvert, Avin Dhoble, David Fleming, et al. "Non-Conductive Film (NCF) Underfill: Materials, Performance, and Evolution to Next Generation Devices." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, DPC (January 1, 2016): 001192–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016dpc-wp12.

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As packaging technology continues to advance to smaller form factors, 3D chip stacking will become more of a requirement than an option and Non-Conductive Film (NCF) underfills will play a critical role in the assembly process. Capillary Underfills (CUF) have long been the standard method of protecting interconnected solder bumps from stress, moisture and contaminants. They are, however, becoming more problematic with the steady growth of fine pitch copper pillar interconnections. With CUF, there are difficulties related to cleaning flux residues. Handling thin die (<100 μm) before bonding has become increasingly difficult and CUF does not offer support because it is applied after the bonding is completed. There are also bleed issues associated with CUF resins that limit the die spacings that are possible with new designs. NCF underfills, applied as a film laminated to a wafer, offer significant advantages over CUF and other underfill technologies for fine pitch designs. Because NCF is applied via a lamination process to wafers prior to dicing, handling and dispensing of resins is eliminated from the assembly process. Additionally, the lamination of film materials allows for a precise, uniform placement of underfill. Since NCF is applied at the beginning of the assembly process, it is able to support thinned die after backgrinding. NCF's can be self-fluxing and the removal of flux residues is not necessary. Material flow can be precisely controlled during the lamination and bonding steps, thus allowing for tighter keep out zones and closer die spacings. There have been major advances in the development and mechanistic understanding of NCF technology over the past few years. A great deal of work was done in the first stages of the development which demonstrated the potential to achieve good interconnection and high reliability with low voiding on small test vehicles with larger pitch. The NCF approach has now evolved to multiple materials developed to accommodate varying design parameters. This paper will present the development and test results of initial NCF technology applied to a base test vehicle with 1,000 I/O copper pillars and the evolution to the next generation NCF materials for high I/O die assembly (36,000 I/O's). The optimization of the parameters critical to the development of a robust assembly process will be addressed. Specific interactions between the film properties, thermal profile for joining, and the force/bump ratio will be discussed in relation to solder joint formation.

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Fu, Mingkai, Jianwei Cao, Haitao Ma, and Wensheng Bian. "Laser cooling of copper monofluoride: a theoretical study including spin–orbit coupling." RSC Advances 6, no. 102 (2016): 100568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07835d.

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30

Bittner, Dror M., Susanna L. Stephens, Daniel P. Zaleski, David P. Tew, Nicholas R. Walker, and Anthony C. Legon. "Gas phase complexes of H3N⋯CuF and H3N⋯CuI studied by rotational spectroscopy and ab initio calculations: the effect of X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) in OC⋯CuX and H3N⋯CuX." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 19 (2016): 13638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp01368f.

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31

Anitha, Mandala, Mallepalli Shankar, and K. C. Kumara Swamy. "Reactivity of epoxy-ynamides with metal halides: nucleophile (Br/Cl/OH)-assisted tandem intramolecular 5-exo-digor 6-endo-digcyclisation and AgF2-promoted oxidation." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 8 (2019): 1133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00027e.

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32

Xiao-Peng, Zhang, Guo Jing-Ru, Wang Ting-Ting, Pei Lin-Sen, Chen Cong-Xiang, and Chen Yang. "Laser spectroscopy of jet-cooled CuF in visible region." Chinese Physics 12, no. 8 (July 17, 2003): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/12/8/306.

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33

Hui, Y., R. Xu, G. Giunta, G. De Pietro, H. Hu, S. Belouettar, and E. Carrera. "Multiscale CUF-FE2 nonlinear analysis of composite beam structures." Computers & Structures 221 (September 2019): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2019.05.013.

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34

Sanchez-Movellan, I., J. A. Aramburu, and M. Moreno. "Local structure and excitations in systems with CuF64− units: lack of Jahn–Teller effect in the low symmetry compound Na2CuF4." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 15 (2020): 7875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp06843k.

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35

Zhu, Guohao, Shineng Qiu, Yang Xi, Yao Ding, Dongming Zhang, Rong Zhang, Guangke He, and Hongjun Zhu. "(IPr)CuF-catalyzed α-site regiocontrolled trans-hydrofluorination of ynamides." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 32 (2016): 7746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob01345g.

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Experimental results indicate that the regioselectivity of the reaction is unexpectedly opposite to observed in the (Ph₃P)₃CuF-catalyzed hydrofluorination of ynamides, and the resulting α-fluoro products allowed for the synthesis of α-fluoro imides through further transformations.

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36

Cinefra, M., E. Carrera, A. Lamberti, and M. Petrolo. "Best theory diagrams for multilayered plates considering multifield analysis." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 16 (January 30, 2017): 2184–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16679018.

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This work presents the best theory diagrams (BTDs) for multilayered plates involved in multifield problems (mechanical, thermal and electrical). A BTD is a curve that reports the minimum number of terms of a refined model for a given accuracy. The axiomatic/asymptotic technique is employed in order to detect the relevant terms, and the error is computed with respect to an exact or quasi-exact solution. The models that belong to the BTDs are constructed by means of a genetic algorithm and the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). The CUF defines the displacement field as an expansion of the thickness coordinate. The governing equations are obtained in terms of few fundamental nuclei, whose form does not depend on the particular expansion order that is employed. The Navier closed-form solution has been adopted to solve the equilibrium equations. The analyses herein reported are related to plates subjected to multifield loads: mechanical, thermal and electrical. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the type of the load in the definition of the BTDs. In addition, the influence of geometry, material parameters and displacement/stress components are considered. The results suggest that the BTD and the CUF can be considered as tools to evaluate any structural theory against a reference solution. In addition, it has been found that the BTD definition is influenced to a great extent by the type of load.

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37

Bracker, A., P. Jakob, U. Näher, M. Rüdiger, K. Sugawara, and J. Wanner. "Internal, translational, and angular momentum product state distributions of CuF molecules desorbing associatively from copper surfaces." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-089.

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The dry etching reaction of solid copper surfaces with fluorine atoms or molecules has been studied with laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The reaction product, copper monofluoride, CuF, is produced in the X1Σ+ electronic ground state and desorbs into the gas phase at surface temperatures above approximately 750 K. Rotationally resolved LIF excitation spectra of the C1П ← X1Σ+ band system of CuF molecules desorbing from an isotopically purified 63Cu polycrystalline sample are obtained under conditions of coherent saturation. From the product state analysis it is deduced that the rovibrational product populations are in thermal equilibrium with the surface. The same holds for the translational velocity distribution obtained by Doppler-shift measurements. A pronounced polarization effect, particularly strong for Q branch transitions, can be traced back to photoselection of single-parity levels in the Λ doublets of the C1П state. A theoretical analysis for the distribution of J vectors, based on the formalism of Greene and Zare, shows that the measured degree of polarization is quantitatively in agreement with an isotropic distribution of rotational angular momentum vectors. The vibrational and translational product equilibration is not affected by changing the reactants from F2 molecules to F atoms, which increases the exoergicity of the overall reaction. The results are interpreted in terms of the absence of a barrier for desorption and a long residence time of the chemisorbed CuF molecules at the copper surface. The lack of any translational and rotational cooling is discussed within the framework of a model.

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38

QUIROGA, M. I., M. J. REDONDO, A. SITJÀ-BOBADILLA, O. PALENZUELA, A. RIAZA, A. MACÍAS, S. VÁZQUEZ, A. PEREZ, J. M. NIETO, and P. ALVAREZ-PELLITERO. "Risk factors associated with Enteromyxum scophthalmi (Myxozoa) infection in cultured turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)." Parasitology 133, no. 4 (June 19, 2006): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006000515.

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An epidemiological cohort study of Enteromyxum scophthalmi in cultured turbot was performed on a farm in North Western Spain. Four different ongrowing stocks (A, B, C, D) were monitored monthly until market size. Fish from stocks C and D were divided into 2 subgroups, receiving filtered (CF and DF) or unfiltered (CUF and DUF) water. The lack of water filtration was positively associated with infection prevalence, as all fish kept in filtered water remained uninfected. Parasite abundance varied seasonally (P<0·05) in stock B and subgroup CUF. Infection was also associated (P<0·05) with host weight, and the highest prevalences and intensities were detected in 101–200 g and 201–300 g fish. Distribution pattern of E. scophthalmi in subgroups CUF and DUF had a variance higher than the mean, indicating overdispersion. The minimum period necessary for the first detection of the parasite and for the appearance of disease symptoms and mortality, varied depending on the stock and introduction date, although a long pre-patent period was always observed. Several factors, such as host density, parasite recruitment and parasite-induced fish mortality can contribute to the observed distribution pattern. Risk factors found to be associated with E. scophthalmi infection, including water quality and accumulation of infective stages in the culture tanks, should be considered when designing control strategies to prevent the introduction and spread of infective stages in the facilities.

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39

Perez, Naylor Bastiani, and Miguel Dall'Agnol. "Características morfológicas de plantas de alfafa relacionadas à aptidão ao pastejo." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 3 (March 2009): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009000300003.

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Objetivou-se avaliar as características morfológicas de plantas de alfafa relacionadas à aptidão ao pastejo. Foram avaliadas três populações de alfafa Crioula de diferentes regiões geográficas, sem histórico de pastejo: Chile, Roque Gonzales e Vale do Taquari, além de dois cultivares norte-americanos, ABT 805 (selecionado sob pastejo) e CUF 101 (selecionado sob cortes). O experimento foi realizado em parcelas com os diferentes materiais, mantidos sob pastejo, mantendo-se resíduo de pastejo entre 3 e 5 cm de altura durante 255 dias sob lotação contínua. Ao término do período experimental, foi determinada a porcentagem de sobrevivência das plantas, visando estratificar os genótipos quanto ao grau de aptidão ao pastejo. O cultivar ABT apresentou a maior porcentagem de sobrevivência e o cultivar CUF, a menor. As populações crioulas Chile e Vale do Taquari apresentaram sobrevivência intermediária, enquanto a Roque Gonzales teve sobrevivência similar à do cultivar CUF. Os resultados da caracterização morfológica não diferiram quanto ao crescimento contrátil da coroa, à área da coroa, à área foliar, à área foliar específica, ao número de hastes por planta e ao tipo de haste por planta (basilar ou axilar). A relação folha:caule foi melhor no cultivar ABT e foi influenciada pela menor massa de hastes por planta. A expressão do número de gemas por unidade de carbono alocada às hastes foi maior no cultivar ABT, constituindo-se um eficiente descritor funcional da aptidão ao pastejo, denominado gema específica.

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40

Xi, Mengya, Wanru Zhang, Zhiyuan Liu, Lixia Qin, Shi-Zhao Kang, and Xiangqing Li. "Facile assembly and improved photocatalytic activity of a special cuprous oxide/copper fluoride heterojunction induced by graphene oxide." Materials Advances 2, no. 6 (2021): 2000–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00961j.

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A low cost and stable Cu₂O/CuF₂ heterojunction was fabricated in situ induced by graphene oxide. Importantly, it showed a stable and greatly increased photocatalytic hydrogen generation compared with the other comparisons.

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41

Rybin, Nikita, Dmitry Y. Novoselov, Dmitry M. Korotin, Vladimir I. Anisimov, and Artem R. Oganov. "Novel copper fluoride analogs of cuprates." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 30 (2021): 15989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00657f.

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On the basis of the first-principles evolutionary crystal structure prediction of stable compounds in the Cu–F system, we predict two experimentally unknown stable phases – Cu₂F₅ and CuF₃.

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42

Foster, Ian, and Carl Kesselman. "CUF-Links: Continuous and Ubiquitous FAIRness Linkages for Reproducible Research." Computer 55, no. 8 (August 2022): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2022.3160876.

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43

Tomita, Daisuke, Reiko Wada, Motomu Kanai, and Masakatsu Shibasaki. "Enantioselective Alkenylation and Phenylation Catalyzed by a Chiral CuF Complex." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 12 (March 2005): 4138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0507362.

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44

Jakob, P., K. Sugawara, J. Wanner, A. Bath, and E. Tiemann. "The hyperfine structure of the C1Π–X1Σ+ transition of CuF." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1994): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-142.

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The hyperfine structure of the63CuF C1Π –X1Σ+ transition has been studied by laser-induced fluorescence in the sub-Doppler regime. Splittings of the ro-vibronic lines due to interactions with the copper (I = 3/2) and fluorine (I = 1/2) nuclei are observed in the P, Q, and R branches. The various contributions arising from magnetic dipole and from electric quadrupole interaction are specified. Parity dependent and independent terms are required to explain the dissimilar splitting patterns in the Q and the P/R branches. Hyperfine parameters for the C state of copper monofluoride are reported for the first time.

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45

Fallahi, Nasim. "GA Optimization of Variable Angle Tow Composites in Buckling and Free Vibration Analysis through Layerwise Theory." Aerospace 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8120376.

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In the current research, variable angle tow composites are used to improve the buckling and free vibration behavior of a structure. A one-dimensional (1D) Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) is employed to determine the buckling loads and natural frequencies in Variable Angle Tow (VAT) square plates by taking advantage of the layerwise theory (LW). Subsequently, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization method is applied to maximize the first critical buckling load and first natural frequency using the definition of linear fiber orientation angles. To show the power of the genetic algorithm for the VAT structure, a surrogate model using Response Surface (RS) method was used to demonstrate the convergence of the GA approach. The results showed the cost reduction for optimized VAT performance through GA optimization in combination with the 1D CUF procedure. Additionally, a Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method with RS was used for buckling analysis. The capability of LHS sampling confirmed that it could be employed for the next stages of research along with GA.

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Methling, R., St Franke, N. Götte, S. Wetzeler, and D. Uhrlandt. "Analysis of C2 Swan Bands in Ablation-Dominated Arcs in CO2 Atmosphere." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 1 (2019): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2019.1.82.

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A model circuit breaker in a high-pressure chamber filled with CO2 atmosphere is used to operate a wall-stabilized arc of several kilo-amperes between tungsten-copper electrodes surrounded by polytetrafluoroethylene nozzles. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is carried out via quartz plates inserted into the nozzles using a combination of an imaging spectrometer either with a high-speed video camera or with an ICCD camera. Depending on the nozzle geometry and the current, continuum from C2 Swan bands was detected as absorption as well as emission pattern. After current zero, optical absorption spectroscopy (OAS) using a xenon flashlamp as broadband background radiator was applied. An absorption around 493 nm was detected and attributed to CuF molecules. The study proofs the existence of C2 in the active phase and the formation of CuF near to current zero.

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47

Zaleski, Daniel P., Susanna L. Stephens, David P. Tew, Dror M. Bittner, Nicholas R. Walker, and Anthony C. Legon. "Distortions of ethyne when complexed with a cuprous or argentous halide: the rotational spectrum of C2H2⋯CuF." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 29 (2015): 19230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp02248g.

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A new molecule C₂H₂⋯CuF has been synthesized in the gas phase by means of the reaction of laser-ablated metallic copper with a pulse of gas consisting of a dilute mixture of ethyne and sulfur hexafluoride in argon.

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Pérez-Vela, JL, E. Ruiz-Alonso, F. Guillén-Ramírez, MT García-Maellas, E. Renes-Carreño, M. Cerro-García, J. Cortina-Romero, and I. Hernández-Rodríguez. "ICU outcomes in adult cardiac surgery patients in relation to ultrafiltration type." Perfusion 23, no. 2 (March 2008): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659108095167.

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Ultrafiltration (UF) is used to ameliorate the deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery patients. There are two different methods; conventional ultrafiltration (CUF), performed during CPB, and modified ultrafiltration (MUF), performed after CPB is finished. It has not been established which is better, and controversy remains regarding the optimal UF strategy. The objective of this study was to evaluate if MUF alone, or combined with CUF, could achieve greater fluid removal and contribute to better postoperative clinical outcomes. Also, the potential technique complications were studied. This was a prospective study which enrolled 125 consecutive adult patients receiving elective cardiac surgery with CPB. We analysed three treatment groups: MUF, CUF and both. Ultrafiltration was performed using a non-pulsatile CPB with a non-occlusive roller pump, Sarns 9000®, and a polysulfone ultrafilter, Minntech®. We studied pre- and intraoperative data and immediate postoperative clinical outcomes: total amount of drainage, transfusion needs, respiratory outcome, cardiac, renal and neurologic complications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 11.0. All three groups were homogeneous and did not have differences in terms of demographic factors, previous history, risk scores, intervention and operative data. Volume of filtrate removal in the group which applied both techniques was larger than in the CUF or MUF groups alone (2569±823 vs 1679±651 vs 1398±353 ml, respectively, p=0.0001); however, despite this difference, there was no difference in the immediate postoperative fluid balances between the groups (596±1244 vs 880±1054 vs 986±1190 ml, p=0.30). Respiratory parameters and postoperative morbidity data analysed (total amount of drainage, transfusion needs, haemoglobin, acute lung injury, time with inotropes, ventricular failure, cardiogenic shock, neurologic complications and renal failure) were similar in all three groups, without statistical differences. Extubation time (10±7 vs 8.9±3 vs 9.4±7.9 hours, p=0.72) and ICU stay (56.6±72 vs 66.5±109 vs 44.2±25 hours, p=0.43) also were similar between the groups. We did not find any technique complication associated with any patient. In the present study, with adult patients receiving elective cardiac surgery, the combined ultrafiltration group had a larger fluid removal. However, neither type of ultrafiltration nor amount of filtered volume was accompanied by different postoperative ICU clinical outcomes. Ultrafiltration was considered a safe and reliable technique, with no related complications.

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Jabłońska, Elżbieta. "Prace konserwatorsko-restauratorskie prowadzone w roku 2017." Almanach Karaimski 6 (December 20, 2017): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33229/ak.2017.6.08.

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In 2017, the author carried out conservation work on one valuable Karaim manuscript containing the works of Mordechai Kazas written both in Hebrew and Karaim, namely: Mesilat Halimud, Tuv taʾam, Cuf devaš, Petah Hateva, and Adam ohlany. In this report, a short descriptionof this item and the undertaking itself is presented.

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50

Augustine A. Unimke, Abiye A. Ibiene, and Phillip O. Okerentugba. "Iko River estuary: Oil exploration and the microbial community shift." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.3.0509.

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The continuous input of petroleum-based and other industrial pollutants along with heightened navigational activities in the inland and coastal waters of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has contributed tremendously towards petroleum pollution of the aquatic environment. Standard analytical methods were employed in sample collection and analysis. The results showed the mean values of Total Heterotrophic Bacteria [THB] for tidal water 1.44±0.20 (x107), 1.42±0.62 (x107)and 1.82±0.61 (x107)for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively, while the mean values for CUB 1.06±0.12 (x106), 1.30±0.54 (x106) and 1.28±0.46 (x106) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. Similarly, the mean values for Total Fungi (TF) and Crude oil-Utilizing Fungi (CUF) were 1.08±0.12 (x106), 1.12±0.21 (x106), 1.18±0.20 (x106) and 8.2±0.78 (x104), 9.2±0.20 (x104), 8.8±0.26 (x104) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. For intertidal water, the mean values obtained for upstream, midstream and downstream were 1.24±0.82 (x107), 1.77±0.57 (x107) and 1.40±0.32 (x107) for THB, 1.08±0.92 (x106), 1.08±0.22 (x106) and1.13±0.21 (x106) for CUB, 1.00±0.60 (x107), 1.26±0.30 (x106) and 1.11±0.18 (x106) for Total fungi [TF] and 7.2±0.81 (x104), 9.6±0.4 (x104), 9.0±0.27 (x104) for CUF). While the values for benthic sediment were 1.55±0.38 (x108), 1.68±0.32 (x108), 2.24±0.34 (x108) for THB, 1.14±0.32 (x107), 1.24±0.88 (x107), 1.48±0.90 (x107) for CUB, 1.12±0.31 (x107), 1.20±0.52 (x107), 1.40±0.16 (x107) for TF and 8.2±0.12 (x105), 6.2±0.43 (x105), 1.01±0.12 (x106) for CUF. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the mean values of each physicochemical parameter across the different microhabitats and stations. This result revealed the massive impacts of anthropogenic gradients on the biology and physicochemistry of Iko River estuary.

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