Academic literature on the topic 'Cult of consumption'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cult of consumption"
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Prokopovych, L., P. Prokopovych, and D. Gratii. "THE CULT OF TECHNOLOGY AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENON." Scientific heritage, no. 93 (July 22, 2022): 18–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6882261.
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The aim of the study is to identify the signs of the cult in people's attitudes to technology (including digital) and analyze the factors that contribute to the formation of the cult of technology as a phenomenon of modern mass culture. Analysis of the results of the study showed that the manifestations of the phenomenon of the cult of technology in mass culture should be considered in combination with another phenomenon − the cult of the brand. After all, both of these cults are part of the cult of consumption. The sacralization of digital technology is indicated by the presence of basic elements characteristic of any religious system: from the ideology usually proclaimed by the "spiritual leader" − the founder of the technology brand, to ritual actions, sometimes even sacrificing their own body (sale of a kidney for the purchase of an iPhone, implantation of electronic chips, etc.). All these features of the cult, although they do not turn the cult of technology into a full-fledged religion, but indicate a high degree of readiness of people to join this cult, being exposed to other technologies − social. As a result, a socio-cultural phenomenon is formed, which combines the real achievements of science and technology with the mythologizing and sacralization of their perception by the minds of the mass consumer.
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Och, Dana. "The Mainstream Cult of Fifty Shades of Grey: Hailing Multiple Women Audiences." Communication, Culture and Critique 12, no. 2 (2019): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcz017.
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Abstract Fifty Shades of Grey (FSOG) is argued to be a female-focused mainstream cult film that deliberately fosters a simultaneity of viewing modes. This multiple address highlights how the lauded qualities of cult texts are standard in feminine narratives that need to appeal to a large cross section of women. Cult discourse still depends on misogyny and masculinized distinction even when the mainstream mode seems to break down gendered fandom. Contradictions emerge because cult was traditionally defined against the mindless consuming of women. However, the cultish consumption patterns for FSOG are deliberately fostered by merchandising strategies. Thus, the same element that shows cult tendencies is used to denigrate the film as the antithesis of cult: women as consumers.
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HOLBRAAD, MARTIN. "Religious ‘Speculation’: The Rise of Ifá Cults and Consumption in Post-Soviet Cuba." Journal of Latin American Studies 36, no. 4 (2004): 643–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x04008119.
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With an ethnographic focus on the prestigious cult of Ifá, this article seeks to account for the recent effervescence of Afro-Cuban cult worship in urban Cuba. It is argued that, since worship involves a marked emphasis on ritual consumption, the cult's rise can be related to wider transformations that have taken place in the field of everyday consumption in Havana during the economic crisis that has followed the collapse of the Soviet bloc. In particular, Ifá has provided an arena for what habaneros call ‘especulación’, a style of conspicuous consumption that has become prevalent among so-called ‘marginal’ groups in recent years.
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Jaramillo, Laura. "Ritual, Cult Spectatorship, and the Problem of Women's Flesh in Alejandro Jodorowsky's Midnight Movies." Feminist Media Histories 6, no. 3 (2020): 172–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2020.6.3.172.
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In January 2019, New York's Museo del Barrio canceled a retrospective of the Chilean multimedia artist Alejandro Jodorowsky due to public protest over his claim that he raped the lead actress in his 1970 film El Topo (The Mole). For decades, Jodorowsky's film was synonymous with the cult spectatorship it inspired among its New York audiences, who attended screenings ritualistically. This paper argues for a feminist critique of cult spectatorship that considers Jodorowsky's violence against women as central to the category of cult. By tracing Jodorowsky's evisceration of women's flesh from his early performance practices through his midnight movies, I show how the advent of cult spectatorship marked a historical transition away from classical spectatorship, characterized by absorption and linked to a rational public sphere, toward postmodern spectatorship, characterized by distracted consumption and linked to cybernetic control.
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Hurst, Emilie. "Wagner the gardener: Media as nature and the building of a cult." Journal of Fandom Studies 9, no. 3 (2021): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jfs_00043_1.
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This article explores why composer Richard Wagner has such a passionate cult following, by employing the ‘family resemblances’ of cult texts identified by Matt Hills and, in the process, uncovers the elemental threads embedded into his work. Taking up John Durham Peters’s call for an elemental approach to media, I argue that Wagner’s treatment of art as nature allowed for the erasure of mediation. By insisting that his products were of an organic nature, he was thus able to keep the spectre of commercialization at bay. In turn, this encouraged the formation of a cult fandom. Finally, I make the case for further study of both fans of high culture and how we might trace the emergence of cultish modes of consumption to the nineteenth century.
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Clark, John R., and Chad E. Finn. "Blackberry cult ivation in the world." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 36, no. 1 (2014): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-445/13.
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Blackberries have now become a common fruit in marketing outlets, particularly in North America and the European Union. Blackberries have enjoyed expansion due to a combination of factors including improved cultivars, expanded marketing efforts and fruit availability, and an overall increase in berry consumption, especially as fresh fruit, in many areas of the world. It is estimated that cultivated blackberries are grown in excess of 25,000 ha worldwide. World production, and cultivation are commented.The rapid expansion of the blackberry industry has been remarkable. New, higher quality, cultivars, modified production practices and new production regions have all combined to make this crop one that consumers expect to be available fresh year-round in their grocery stores. As new cultivars are developed that combine the industry's need for high quality arrivals with increased flavors and expanded dates of harvest, the blackberry industry should expand further.
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Bibby, Reginald W., and Harold R. Weaver. "Cult Consumption in Canada: A Further Critique of Stark and Bainbridge." Sociological Analysis 46, no. 4 (1985): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711159.
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Andrés-Sánchez, Jorge de, Ángel Belzunegui-Eraso, and Anna Sánchez-Aragón. "Examining dimensions of religiosity as protective factors against substance consumption in teenagers." Aposta: Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 105 (April 1, 2025): 46–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15074889.
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(1) Background: Adolescence is a fundamental phase in the development of individuals, during which they are especially sensitive to substance use, both in terms of initiation and the consequences that habitual use can lead to. This explains why the study of the variables that influence substance use by teenagers is a key topic in the public health literature. In this regard, religiosity has been widely reported to be a protective factor against substance use. (2) Methods: In a sample from Tarragona (Spain) (N=1,935 adolescents), we tested whether religion is a protective factor against the use of the most common substances: alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis. We differentiate three dimensions of religiosity in the scale used in the studies of Planet Youth: faith, cult attendance, and religious environment. (3) Results: The religiosity scale of Planet Youth, which can be split into three subscales (faith, cult attendance and religious environment), was validated with exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses. We have also checked that religion is indeed a protective factor against substance abuse since the odds ratio for at least one dimension linked to religiosity was often less than one for all examined consumption behaviours. However, the degree of statistical significance depended on the substance assessed. Protection is clearer for cannabis than it is for alcohol and tobacco. Similarly, cult attendance had a significant protective effect. On the other hand, the religious environment appears to be less of a protective factor, while simply being a believer seems to have no preventive effect at all. (4) Conclusions: Religion has a significant ability to prevent substance use. However, the power of that inhibitory capability depends on substance and use behaviour and on the religiosity dimension.
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Öhlinger, Birgit, Stephen Ludwig, Gerhard Forstenpointner, and Ursula Thanheiser. "Lifting the Lid." Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 34, no. 2 (2022): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jma.21979.
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In this paper we investigate local foodways and ritual consumption in Iron Age Sicily through a study of cooking pots, integrating contextual, archaeozoological, archaeobotanical and chemical data. We focus on material from the central cult site of the settlement of Monte Iato, located in the hinterland of western Sicily, in order to explore the interaction between food, people, bio-/artefacts and environments as a process of formulating and reformulating social relationships and local power dynamics within specific social spaces and settings. We reveal different foodways and consumption practices within the same cult site, characterized on the one hand by long-standing traditions, with more or less constant and unchanging dishes, and on the other by the integration of external stimuli. We discuss the emergence of foreign- (Greek/Phoenician-) style cooking pots and ingredients as markers of an haute cuisine, developed with the aim of social differentiation.
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Zestanakis, Panagiotis. "Historicizing Early 1980s Greek ‘Denunciation Movies’." Cultural History 7, no. 1 (2018): 48–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2018.0158.
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This article explores representations of youth, masculinity, family and modernity in ‘denunciation movies’, a film genre criticizing juvenile lifestyles that experienced noticeable success in early-1980s Greece. Based on six movies launched between 1981 and 1983 the article approaches denunciation movies as documents expressing sociocultural developments and as presenting a darker view than the frequent more optimistic characterization of the period. Scrutinizing the historicity of the movies, the article examines representations of ‘youth’ and the ‘city’, highlighting politics of consumption, sexuality and family relations. Finally, it investigates how music was used as a medium of critique of foreign cultural influences.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cult of consumption"
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Prado, Juliana do [UNESP]. "Feminilidades e mídia na cultura contemporânea: culto ao corpo, consumo e sexualidade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98975.
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prado_j_me_arafcl.pdf: 1911013 bytes, checksum: b2c34d5b0a18a523a16b43a69380daee (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Esta pesquisa verifica como a representação da mulher veiculada na mídia pode nortear a construção da identidade feminina, explorando uma perspectiva analítica que aponte para as formas de apropriação das mensagens veiculadas, especificamente relacionadas ao culto ao corpo, consumo e sexualidade. Nesse sentido, a fim de apreender a ponte entre universo feminino e o que é veiculado na mídia propomos examinar cinco edições de duas revistas femininas que se constituem como guias de comportamento na cultura contemporânea por se tratarem de revistas consolidadas e de ampla circulação no mercado: Claudia e Nova, ambas da Editora Abril, e num movimento de mão dupla trouxemos os conteúdos dessas revistas para serem discutidos por mulheres de diferentes universos sócio-econômico-culturais. Tais universos foram constituídos através de um levantamento de informações relativas à marcadores de diferenças, como: renda familiar, escolaridade, faixa etária, raça, estado civil e ocupação profissional, bem como dados sobre hábitos e práticas cotidianas que permitem abranger o universo cultural que as mulheres estão inseridas, como leitura, tempo em que assistem TV e freqüência ao cinema. Exemplares das revistas foram levados para discussão das temáticas eixo de nosso trabalho e apreensão das correspondências de seus discursos com a realidade de cada entrevistada. Podemos perceber que em alguns casos, os discursos de autonomia individual, culto ao corpo e sexualidade, evocando aspectos de maior liberdade feminina, são de certa forma decodificados pelas mulheres entrevistadas. Entretanto, as revistas estudadas não as influenciam completamente prevalecendo aspectos de seus respectivos universos, bem como aspectos relacionados a certo conservadorismo na concepção do corpo, sexualidade e consumo<br>This study assesses how women's representation conveyed in the media can guide the construction of female identity, exploring an analytical perspective that points to the ways of appropriation of messages transmitted, specifically related to the cult of the body, consumption and sexuality. Accordingly, in order to seize the bridge between the feminine and what is conveyed in the media I propose to examine five issues of two magazines for women who constitute themselves as guides to behavior in contemporary culture magazine for being consolidated and widely circulated on the market: Claudia and Nova, both of Editora Abril, and a two-way movement brought the contents of these journals to be discussed by women from different universes socio-economic-cultural. These universes were established through a survey of information on the markers of difference, such as family income, education, age, race, marital status and occupation, as well as data on the habits and daily practices that cover the cultural universe that women are included, such as reading, TV watching time and frequency to the movies. Copies of the magazines were brought to discussion of thematic axis of our work and seizure of correspondence of his speeches with the reality of each interviewee. We can see that in some cases, the speeches of individual autonomy, physical fitness and sexuality, evoking aspects of women's greater freedom, in some ways are decoded by the women interviewed. However, the journals studied were not completely influence the prevailing aspects of their respective universes, as well as aspects related to a certain conservatism in the design of the body, sexuality and consumption
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Prado, Juliana do. "Feminilidades e mídia na cultura contemporânea : culto ao corpo, consumo e sexualidade /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98975.
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Orientador: Ana Lúcia de Castro<br>Banca: Maria Celeste de Mira<br>Banca: Dagoberto José Fonseca<br>Resumo: Esta pesquisa verifica como a representação da mulher veiculada na mídia pode nortear a construção da identidade feminina, explorando uma perspectiva analítica que aponte para as formas de apropriação das mensagens veiculadas, especificamente relacionadas ao culto ao corpo, consumo e sexualidade. Nesse sentido, a fim de apreender a ponte entre universo feminino e o que é veiculado na mídia propomos examinar cinco edições de duas revistas femininas que se constituem como guias de comportamento na cultura contemporânea por se tratarem de revistas consolidadas e de ampla circulação no mercado: Claudia e Nova, ambas da Editora Abril, e num movimento de mão dupla trouxemos os conteúdos dessas revistas para serem discutidos por mulheres de diferentes universos sócio-econômico-culturais. Tais universos foram constituídos através de um levantamento de informações relativas à marcadores de diferenças, como: renda familiar, escolaridade, faixa etária, raça, estado civil e ocupação profissional, bem como dados sobre hábitos e práticas cotidianas que permitem abranger o universo cultural que as mulheres estão inseridas, como leitura, tempo em que assistem TV e freqüência ao cinema. Exemplares das revistas foram levados para discussão das temáticas eixo de nosso trabalho e apreensão das correspondências de seus discursos com a realidade de cada entrevistada. Podemos perceber que em alguns casos, os discursos de autonomia individual, culto ao corpo e sexualidade, evocando aspectos de maior liberdade feminina, são de certa forma decodificados pelas mulheres entrevistadas. Entretanto, as revistas estudadas não as influenciam completamente prevalecendo aspectos de seus respectivos universos, bem como aspectos relacionados a certo conservadorismo na concepção do corpo, sexualidade e consumo<br>Abstract: This study assesses how women's representation conveyed in the media can guide the construction of female identity, exploring an analytical perspective that points to the ways of appropriation of messages transmitted, specifically related to the cult of the body, consumption and sexuality. Accordingly, in order to seize the bridge between the feminine and what is conveyed in the media I propose to examine five issues of two magazines for women who constitute themselves as guides to behavior in contemporary culture magazine for being consolidated and widely circulated on the market: Claudia and Nova, both of Editora Abril, and a two-way movement brought the contents of these journals to be discussed by women from different universes socio-economic-cultural. These universes were established through a survey of information on the markers of difference, such as family income, education, age, race, marital status and occupation, as well as data on the habits and daily practices that cover the cultural universe that women are included, such as reading, TV watching time and frequency to the movies. Copies of the magazines were brought to discussion of thematic axis of our work and seizure of correspondence of his speeches with the reality of each interviewee. We can see that in some cases, the speeches of individual autonomy, physical fitness and sexuality, evoking aspects of women's greater freedom, in some ways are decoded by the women interviewed. However, the journals studied were not completely influence the prevailing aspects of their respective universes, as well as aspects related to a certain conservatism in the design of the body, sexuality and consumption<br>Mestre
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Kliemann, Gisele. "Consumo e mídia na formação em dança: o papel do culto ao corpo na cena contemporânea." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5186.
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Previous issue date: 2009-05-04<br>The last century (XX) developed a new concept of the body that conquered a new space for its representation. The association between aesthetic and beauty brought relevance to the physical formof the body and promoted what it is being called cult to the body that is here understood as the relations and interventions around beauty that are socially idealized. The media became the efficient agent in the supervaluation of the corporal appearance and in the promotion of a constant search of an ideal body. Standardized by the values of the consumption society, he body turned itself in a body-involucre, in a body-packing. All that counts is appearance. The media stirs us up to desire this body and all the activities needed to approach it. The media spread the need for permanently improving, remodeling, reshaping the stops body. Media keep us desiring the desire of this body. Inserted in this context, the contemporary dance suffers consequences of this process in what concerns to the formation of its dancers, although not investing in only one aesthetic standard of the body. Contemporary dance sees in its dancers the action of consumerism. Dancers become eager consumers of techniques and trainings believing that they will be able to dance all types of dance. The thesis is dedicated to identify what produces thie new statement of the body, identifying the media as the central protagonist in this process. The hypothesis is that the consumeristic attitude expresses itself in dance as a form of consumption of different techniques of formation. The techniques are transformed into merchandises and the desire becomes the desire to continue to desire a body never reached. The instauration of the body as merchandise brings the need to construct a body proper, capable of being distinctively itself in the collective. The search of this body is regulated by fashion and by the media, in the net of global communication. The theoretical corpus was constituted with the corpomídia theory (KATZ&GREINER) and with theoreticians of the culture who prioritize the studies of the body (COSTA, FOUCAULT, LIPOVETSKY, SANT' ANNA, CASTRO, GARCIA). With the aim of pesent them as illustrations of these questions, three professional dance groups of the city of Curitiba are brought here<br>O Século XX inaugurou todo um novo conceito de corpo e, com ele, um outro espaço de representação do corpo na sociedade. A valorização de um foco estético que associa estética à beleza, fez com que o corpo passasse a ser visto como forma física e na perspectiva de um modelamento corporal, promovendo o que acabou sendo chamado de culto ao corpo aqui entendido como as relações e intervenções na busca de um padrão de beleza estabelecido culturalmente e socialmente idealizado. A mídia tornou-se o agente eficiente na supervalorização da aparência corporal e na promoção de uma busca constante de um corpo ideal. Padronizado e permeado pelos valores consagrados pela sociedade de consumo, trata-se de um corpo-invólucro, um corpo-embalagem a ser valorizado pela sua aparência. É a mídia que nos incita a desejar este corpo e todas as atividades de consumo para que nos aproximemos dele. A divulgação constante, pelos meios de comunicação, dos mecanismos permanentemente aprimorados para nos permitirem substituir, trocar, transformar e modificar o corpo, nos mantém desejando o corpo ideal. Inserida neste contexto, a dança contemporânea, que não investe num único padrão estético de corpo, sofre conseqüências no que concerne à formação de seus bailarinos. Apesar de não cultuar um único corpo esteticamente padronizado, por estar inserida na sociedade, a dança contemporânea vê em seus bailarinos efeitos da ação consumista que vem pautando os tempos presentes. Bailarinos tornam-se ávidos consumidores de técnicas e treinamentos diferenciados na fabricação de um corpo que se mostre apto a dançar todos os tipos de dança. Com o objetivo de refletir acerca de que corpo é esse que se constrói na cultura do culto ao corpo, na busca sem limites pela perfeição de uma sociedade predominantemente consumista, aqui se procura identificar os aspectos relevantes que produzem essa nova concepção de corpo, identificando a mídia como a protagonista central nesse processo. A hipótese é a de que a atitude consumista escoa também para a dança na forma de consumo de técnicas variadas de formação. Não somente as técnicas são transformadas em mercadorias, como o próprio desejo se torna o desejo de continuar a desejar um corpo jamais atingido. Trata-se da instauração do corpo como mercadoria vendável e, para tal, há a necessidade de construir um corpo seu, que se singularize no coletivo da dança contemporânea. A busca desse corpo é regulada moda e pela mídia, e pelos processos em curso na rede ininterrupta de comunicação global. Para dar conta da investigação nesse recorte, o corpus teórico foi constituído pela teoria corpomídia (KATZ&GREINER) e por teóricos da cultura que priorizam os estudos do corpo (COSTA, FOUCAULT, LIPOVETSKY, SANT ANNA, CASTRO, GARCIA. Como exemplos dessas questões na dança contemporânea são trazidos três distintos grupos profissionais de dança contemporânea da cidade de Curitiba
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Clementino, Rossana Herculano. "Agro-industrial by-product use in diets of ovinos of cut: consumption, digestibilidade, performance and characteristics of carcass." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4706.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>Foram realizados cinco experimentos objetivando determinar o consumo e digestibilidade, desempenho e caracterÃsticas quantitativas da carcaÃa de ovinos alimentados com dietas
contendo subprodutos, com base na matÃria natural, (SPU), da banana (Musa sp.) desidratada (SPB), da manga (Mangifera indica) desidratada (SPM) e do urucum (Bixa orellana L.). No primeiro, segundo e terceiro experimentos foram avaliados os teores de matÃria seca (MS), matÃria orgÃnica (MO), proteÃna bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente Ãcido (FDA), hemicelulose (HCEL), lignina (LIG), nitrogÃnio insolÃvel em detergente neutro (NIDN), nitrogÃnio insolÃvel em detergente Ãcido (NIDA), carboidratos totais (CT), carboidratos nÃo fibrosos (CNF), os nutrientes digestÃveis totais (NDT) e fator de efetividade fÃsica da FDN. Ainda foram avaliados o consumo voluntÃrio, digestibilidade aparente da MS, PB, FDN, FDA, CHOT, CNF, NDT e balanÃo de nitrogÃnio (BN). No quarto e quinto experimentos foram avaliados os consumos de nutrientes em g/dia, % PV e g/kg0,75, ganho em peso e conversÃo alimentar. Como tambÃm foram avaliadas caracterÃsticas quantitativas da carcaÃa e anÃlise sensorial de dietas com adiÃÃo de 20% do SPB, com 30% do SPM e 40% do SPU. No primeiro experimento, a adiÃÃo do subproduto de banana (SPB) nÃo influenciou (P>0,05) o consumo de matÃria seca (MS) e matÃria orgÃnica (MO) quando expressos nas diferentes formas, obtendo-se valores mÃdios de 677,3 e 605,81 em g/dia, respectivamente. A adiÃÃo do SPB promoveu um aumento significativo (P<0,05) no CPB e CEE de 34,3 a 46,5 e de 10,63 a 59,9 g/dia e reduÃÃo de 3,07 unidades percentuais para o consumo de FDN. Com relaÃÃo aos coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, PB, MO, EE, FDA e CHOT observou-se efeito negativo, excetuando, o CDFDN que nÃo foi influenciado (P>0,05) com adiÃÃo do SPB em substituiÃÃo ao feno. No segundo experimento, os consumos em g/dia de MS, MO, PB, EE, FDN e FDA apresentaram resposta quadrÃtica estimando-se consumos mÃximos de matÃria seca e matÃria orgÃnica de 36,11 e 37,8%, respectivamente, com a adiÃÃo do SPM. Contudo, nÃo houve diferenÃa (P>0,05) para a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. Entretanto, a digestibilidade aparente da proteÃna bruta (CDPB) e o balanÃo de nitrogÃnio apresentaram comportamento quadrÃtico. No terceiro experimento, houve aumento nos consumos e dos nutrientes com adiÃÃo do subproduto do urucum (SPU), excetuando-se o consumo de EE que nÃo houve efeito (P>0,05). O comportamento linear positivo foi verificado para os coeficientes de digestibilidade (CD) da MS, MO e PB, jà para os CDEE, CDFDN, CDFDA e CDCHOT nÃo houve efeito (P>0,05) significativo. A adiÃÃo do SPU promoveu um balanÃo de N positivo. No quarto experimento, nÃo foram observadas diferenÃas significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para os consumos de matÃria seca em g/animal/dia. PorÃm, observou-se aumento para os consumos em %PV e g/kg0,75, para a dieta com adiÃÃo do SPU. Em relaÃÃo aos consumos de PB o SPB e SPM, apresentaram superioridade em relaÃÃo aos ovinos que receberam a dieta SPU. Para os CFDN nÃo foram observadas diferenÃas (P>0,05) entre as dietas nas diversas formas que foram expressas. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado com relaÃÃo ao ganho em peso, pesos de carcaÃa quente e fria e os respectivos rendimentos de carcaÃa quente e fria. Observaram-se valores mÃdios de RCQ e RCF respectivos de 46,05; 46,38; 46,54; 48,39% e 42,27; 45,67; 45,79; 47,72% para as dietas padrÃo (DP), SPB, SPM e SPU. Com relaÃÃo aos cortes comercias, houve efeito significativo (P<0,05) apenas para o lombo anterior em kg e para a paleta em % do PCF. Para a Ãrea de olho de lombo foram registrados valores respectivos de 8,28; 9,61; 1,38 e 10,82 para as dietas DP; SPB; SPM e SPU. No quinto experimento, relativo à dissecaÃÃo da perna dos ovinos, nÃo foi verificado efeito significativo (P>0,05) para a relaÃÃo M/O; M/G e para o Ãndice de musculosidade da perna (IM). Obtiveram-se valores para o IM de 0,79; 0,73; 0,81 e 0,82, respectivamente, para a DP; SPB; SPM e SPU. No sexto experimento, os atributos sensoriais da carne de ovinos apresentaram superioridade para o grau de dureza da carne dos ovinos alimentados com SPM e SPU. Menores suculÃncia e sabor ovino foram verificados, respectivamente, nas dietas SPM e SPB<br>Five experiments was conducted with
the objective of evaluating the consume and
digestibility, performance and quantitative characteristics of the lambs carcass fed with
diets containing by
-
products, with base in the natural matter
of the banana (
Musa sp
.),
(
BBP)
,
of the mango (
Mangifera ind
ica
) (
MBP)
,
of the annato (
Bixa orellana
) (
ABP)
.
i
n the first, second and third experiments were determination of dry matter
(
DM),
organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber
(
NDF
),
acid detergent
fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HCEL), lig
nin (LIG), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen
(NIDN), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN)
,
total carbohydrates
(TC)
,
non
-
fibrous carbohydrates
(NFC),
total
digestible nutrients (TDN)
,
and factor of physical
effectiveness of FND.
They were still eval
uated the voluntary intake
and coefficients of
digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, CHOT, TDN, and nitrogen balance
(NB). In the
fourth and fifth experiments were evaluated the nutrients intake
in g/day
, %
BW and
g/kg
0,75
daily gain and alimentary conversion
. As well as they were evaluated
quantitative characteristic of the carcass and sensorial analysis of diets with addition
20% of BBP with 30% of MBP and 40% of ABP
.
In the first experiment
the addition of
the banana's by
-
product (BBP) it didn't influence (
P>0.05) the dry matter intake (DMI),
and organic matter (OMI
)
intake when expressed in the different forms
with
values of
677.3 and 605.
81 in
g/day
,
respectively
observed
.
The (BBP)
addition increased
(P
<0.
05) in crude protein intake (CPI) and ether extrac
t (EEI) intak
e from 34.3 to 46.5
and from 10.
63 to 59
.
9
g/day
and reduction of 3
.
07
percentage
units for the NDF intake.
Regarding the of digestibility coefficients of DM, CP DO, EE, ADF and TC
was
observed negative effect (P<0.
05)
, excepting, CDNDF that i
t was not influenced
(P>0.05) with addition of BBP
.
In second experiment the day of DM,
DO,
CP, EE,
NDF, ADF intakes g/day
presented quadratic answer being considered maximum
dry
matter and organic matter
intake
36.
11
and
37.
8%
,
re
spectively
of addition of
mango by
-
product (MBP). However there was not difference (P
>0.05)
for the apparent
digestibility of the nutrients, except the apparent digestibility of the crude protein
(DCCP) the addition of (MBP)
quadratic
behavior observed. In third experiment
annatto
by product (ABP) addition increased
(P <0.05) in nutrients intake
,
excepted the
EE
intake
was not effect
significant
(P>0.
05)
the addition anatto by product (ABP
)
with
values in the 11.5 and 0.
05 g/day e % BW
.
The
linear
ly
behavior was verified for the
di
gestibility coefficients (DC) of DM
,
DO
and CP, already for CDEE, CNDF, CDANF
XIX
and CDCHOT
didn't have effect (P>0.
05).
The anatto by
-
product (ABP
)
addition
promoted a positive balance of
N
.
In the fourth experiment significant differences were
not observed
(P>0.05) among the treatments for the dry matter intake in g/
day
.
However, increase was observed for the % PV and g/kg
0.75
intake
for the diet with
addition of
annato by
-
product, banana by
-
product and mango by
product
.
The intake of
CP by
-
product of mango
and banana ́s by
-
product (BBP) presented superiority in
relation to the
lambs that received the other diets.
For the
EE
intake BBP it was
observed
higher
values the other diets
and NDF intake it was not observed differences
(P>0.05) among the diets in the s
everal forms that were expressed
.
The same behavior
was verified regarding the weight
gain
,
hot carcass
weight (HCW) and
cold carcass
(CC
W
) and the respective yield of hot and cold carcass. The values of
hot carcass
yield
and
cold carcass (CC)
were
46.05;
46.38; 46.54; 48.
39% and 42
.
27;
45.67;
45.79;
47.
72%
for the diets (PD), BBP, MBP
a
nd ABP respectively
.
In respect to the cuts trade
there was effect significant (P <0
.
05) just for the anterior loin in kg and for the
shoulder
% WCC
. For
loin eye
area
(LEA
)
were registered respective
values of 8.28;
9.61;
1.
38
;
10.
82 for the diets PD;
BBP;
MBP;
ABP. In the fifth experiment with the dissection of
the leg of the lambs significant effect was not verified (P>0
.
05) for the accounting M/O;
M/G and for the index of
muscularity of the leg (MI
) that obtained values of 0.79; 0.73;
0.81; 0.
82 for PD; BBP;
MBP; MBP in the sixth experiment the attributes sensorial of
the lambs meat presented superiority for the degree of hardness of the meat of the lambs
fed with
MBP
and
MBP. To smallest succulency and the smallest flavor lambs they
were verified in the diets MBP and BBP respectively.
5
Phillips, Michael. "The Aesthetics of Consumption in the Age of Electrical Reproduction: The Turntablist Texts of DJ Shadow and Cut Chemist." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23289.
Full textAbstract:
With new technology come new possibilities for the creation of artistic works. The invention of sound recording at end of the nineteenth century enabled musical performances to be “written” in the same manner as traditional, printed literature. The status of records as a form of writing and, moreover, as the material for further writing is demonstrated in the work of two hip hop artists, DJ Shadow and Cut Chemist, who assemble new, heteroglossic texts out of a wide array of sampled records. Two concerts, Product Placement (2004) and The Hard Sell (2008) – both of which have been memorialized on DVD – serve as fruitful examples of the potential for artistic production enabled by technology. Indeed, the genre of turntablism, which involves the live manipulation of vinyl records, requires the usage of technology in ways not intended by its original developers – a recurrent theme throughout the history of sound recording. By transforming the turntable from a passive playback device into an active compositional tool, turntablism collapses the distance between consumption and production and so turns the listener into a performer. Furthermore, the exclusive usage of 45 rpm records as the source texts for the two sets dramatizes theories of intertextuality while simultaneously tracing the constraints placed on such artistic piracy by the copyright regime. These texts entail more than just their cited musical content; they also involve visual components. These include not only the video imagery that accompanies and comments on the records being played, but also the physical performance of the DJs themselves and the spectacle of the attending crowds whose response to the music constitutes part of the text itself. Following a theoretical and historical background that will situate these works within the history of hip hop and literature in general, this study will explicate these two multimedia texts and reveal how they demonstrate a concern not only with the history of sound recording, but also such issues as the influence of technology on cultural production, the complication of authorship through intertextuality, and the relationship between culture and commerce. Above all, however, both the form and content of these two performances also serve to highlight the value of physical media as historical artifacts in the face of increasing challenges from incorporeal digital media.
6
Palamure, Shanuka Dilhani. "Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions across different scales of iron ore mining operations in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1936.
Full textAbstract:
During the last two decades, Western Australian iron ore mining industry experienced an exponential production growth arising from increased global demand for steel. The upturn in the iron ore price and considerably lower production cost encouraged extensive mining and consequently high-grade ore reserves were gradually depleted. Despite the energy-intensive nature of mining, high profitability motivated the mining companies to extract marginal-grade deposits with additional processing requirements, which increased energy consumption and ultimately increased the cost of iron ore production. This thesis sought to identify the energy efficiencies of open-cut iron ore mining operations, in terms of scale of operation as well as within individual mining processes, so that energy consumption could be reduced, and sustainability enhanced.
Efficiency indices were used to determine energy efficiency across different scales of operation. Overall energy consumption (per unit of processed ore) was directly related to the scale of operation, where large-scale mining operations are more energy efficient compared to medium and small scales requiring the lowest amount of energy to process a unit of ore. This suggests that an economy of scale based on energy efficiency can be observed in iron ore mining operations. Small-scale mining operations recorded the highest energy consumption to process a unit of ore, indicating the lowest energy efficiency among the three different scales of operation. However, the composite energy indicator indicated that the energy efficiency of a particular mining operation is also influenced by the geological and physical parameters of individual factors including the waste-ore ratio, grade of ore, average haulage distance and production capacity. The results of the regression analysis confirmed that it is the combined effect of all the aforementioned parameters that has a pronounced effect on the amount of energy consumed to process a unit of ore.
Energy consumption per unit of processed ore at different process stages revealed that the loading and hauling phase is the most energy intensive process stage in an iron ore mining operation regardless of the scale at which it is operating. The milling and stockpiling phase was the second highest energy consuming process stage, while the drilling and blasting phase was the subsequent energy demanding process stage in iron ore mining operations. Small-scale operations recorded a higher energy consumption in loading and hauling than the medium-scale operations, suggesting that the equipment with high load capacities and energy efficient technologies such as overland conveyor belts, and advanced technologies including autonomous haulage trucks resulted lower energy consumption in medium scale mining operations. However, the energy consumed to mill and stockpile a unit of ore in medium-scale operations was high compared to the small-scale operations, suggesting that the energy consumption in milling and stockpiling is mainly influenced by the properties of the mill feed, such as moisture content. Further, the amount of processing needed to achieve sufficient final product quality can also influence energy consumption.
Findings from this study support the idea that an economy of scale can be observed across iron ore mining operations in Western Australia based on energy efficiency. The study also provided essential baseline information for future studies on the variations in energy efficiency across different iron ore mining operational scales in Western Australia.
7
Olson, Petter. "What does it take for local actors in Hammarby Sjöstad to cut the consumption-based emissions by half till 2030? : A backcasting study on a local climate transition following Carbon Law." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258912.
Full textAbstract:
How many local actors need to do what to reduce Hammarby Sjöstad’s climate impact till 2030 in alignment with "Carbon Law”, i.e. halving the citizens’ consumption-based emissions every ten years? This is demonstrated in a backcasting study of the city district. The local actors’ reduction potentials concerning ground transport, food, housing, aviation and other consumption are explored in individual transitions. The quantitative city district scenario scales up the individual transitions to city district level, asking how many local actors must do how much, starting when, for the Sjöstad’s target to be reached? The overarching backcasting has both prognostic and explorative elements but is essentially normative. It is both quantitative and qualitative, addressing the two main questions what does it take and by whom? The result shows that the city district’s aim is feasible only if Stockholm City and other external actors fulfil their climate targets and the technological development continues to advance. These are external contributions shaping the local actors’ field of options. Furthermore, the result shows that a vast majority of the households must utilize a substantial part of their full potential for the target to be met. New organizational models and actor networks must also emerge for the transition to launch. The scenario’s qualitative part illustrates the need for energy managers, local supermarkets, car sharing companies etc. to become agents of change. The transition is further catalyzed by local network builder and transition agent ElectriCITY.<br>Hur många lokala aktörer behöver göra vad för att minska Hammarby Sjöstads klimatpåverkan till 2030 i linje med "Carbon Law", det vill säga att halvera invånarnas konsumtionsbaserade utsläpp vart tionde år? Detta demonstreras i en backcastingstudie av stadsdelen. De lokala aktörernas reduktionspotential för marktransporter, livsmedel, bostäder, flyg och övrig konsumtion utforskas i enskilda omställningar. Det kvantitativa stadsdelsscenariot skalar upp de enskilda omställningarna till stadsdelsnivå och frågar: Hur många lokala aktörer måste göra hur mycket, och när för att Sjöstadens Carbon Law-mål ska nås? Den övergripande backcastingstudien har både prognostiska och explorativa inslag men är huvudsakligen normativ. Den är både kvantitativt och kvalitativt då den både adresserar frågan Vad krävs det och av Vem? Resultatet visar att stadsdelsmålet endast är möjligt att nås om Stockholms stad och andra aktörer uppfyller sina klimatmål och den tekniska utvecklingen framskrider. Detta är externa bidrag som formar de lokala aktörernas handlingsutrymme. Vidare visar resultatet att en majoritet av hushållen måste utnyttja en betydande del av sin fulla potential för att målet ska nås. Nya organisationsmodeller och aktörsnätverk måste också utvecklas för att omställningen ska ta fart. Scenariots kvalitativa del illustrerar behovet av att exempelvis energiförvaltare, lokala livsmedelsbutiker och bilpoolsföretag blir förändringsagenter i omställningen. Övergången katalyseras vidare av den lokala förändringsdrivaren och nätverksbyggaren ElectriCITY.
8
Tirado, Ramos Miguel Ángel. "L'actitud crítica sobre el culte al cos des de l'educació física. Investigació-acció entorn del disseny, aplicació i avaluació d'un recurs educatiu multimèdia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9398.
Full textAbstract:
Aquest context de cultura del consum en què ens trobem, on la mercadotècnia ha aconseguit associar un determinat model corporal a l'èxit personal i social -relació que s'intensifica en l'adolescència, quan l'aspecte físic és objecte de la màxima atenció i preocupació- ha motivat la realització d'una intervenció específica des de l'educació física a través d'un procés d'investigació-acció.<br/>L'objectiu de la recerca ha consistit en desenvolupar l'actitud crítica de l'alumnat cap al culte exacerbat al cos mitjançant el disseny, aplicació i avaluació d'un recurs educatiu multimèdia. Tot això en el marc d'una unitat didàctica de condició física i salut per a 4t d'ESO.<br/>En la investigació s'analitzen els fonaments curriculars i pedagògics d'aquesta intenció educativa i es delimita conceptualment el principal objecte d'ensenyança: l'actitud crítica. Posteriorment es dissenya, es descriu i s'avalua un pla d'acció aplicat de manera sistemàtica i amb el rigor científic que requereix una recerca que naix i es desenvolupa en la pràctica.<br>El contexto de cultura del consumo en que nos encontramos, donde la mercadotecnia ha conseguido asociar un determinado modelo corporal al éxito personal y social -relación que se intensifica en la adolescencia, cuando el aspecto físico es objeto de la máxima atención y preocupación- ha motivado la realización de una intervención específica desde la Educación Física a través de un proceso de investigación-acción.<br/>El objetivo de la investigación ha consistido en desarrollar la actitud crítica del alumnado hacia el culto al cuerpo exacerbado mediante el diseño, aplicación y evaluación de un recurso educativo multimedia. Todo ello en el marco de una unidad didáctica de condición física y salud para 4º de ESO.<br/>En la investigación se analizan los fundamentos curriculares y pedagógicos de esta intención educativa y se delimita conceptualmente el principal objeto de enseñanza: la actitud crítica. Posteriormente se diseña, se describe y se evalúa un plan de acción aplicado de manera sistemática y con el rigor científico que requiere una investigación que nace y se desarrolla en la práctica.<br>The consumer society in which we live, together with certain merchandising campaigns, has resulted in the fact that people tend to associate more and more the idea of a "perfect body" with personal and social success. Needless to say, people are more and more concerned about their physical appearance during adolescence. All this has inspired a thorough study on this topic from the perspective of the physical education and by means of an "Action-Research" process.<br/>The aim of this research was that some students in the fourth year of ESO (the last compulsory school year in the Spanish educational system) should acquire a critical attitude towards the body-building and body-care obsession. This study has been carried out by designing and using an Educational Multimedia Resource.<br/>This educational research is to be justified in the curricular foundations of the Spanish educational system and it aims to define clearly the core of this study: the development of a critical attitude. Several teaching strategies are designed, described and assessed, so that students can develop this critical thinking.<br/>All in all, the final goal is that students are able to develop a critical attitude while working from their own experiences.
9
Felicia, Smith, and Krook Ebba Fransson. "De materialekonomiska effekterna av att kombinera flertalet modeller vid tillskärningsprocesserna : En undersökning av vilka effekter det har på materialåtgången att kombinera flertalet modeller i läggbilder inför tillskärningen hos konfektionsföretag." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25175.
Full textAbstract:
Textilbranschen är en global bransch som kontinuerligt producerar avfall bl.a. genom spill från tillskärningen. För att de globala hållbarhetsmålen ska kunna uppnås krävs mer studier på de olika alternativen för att minimera och eliminera avfallet. Detta är relevant även för en ekonomisk och social hållbarhet. Studien syftar till att undersöka vilka effekter det har på materialåtgången att kombinera flera modeller vid tillskärningen. Den utgår från flera modeller med samma huvudtyg som teoretiskt kan skäras i samma lägg. Det finns flertalet undersökningar på effekterna av att kombinera storlekar vid tillskärning och det är en etablerad lösning för att minimera tygåtgången inom branschen. Dock finns väldigt få undersökningar på effekterna av att kombinera modeller, därför har denna studie begränsats till enbart grundstorlekar. Med hjälp av Lectra Diamino Expert skapades 113 läggbilder, innehållande kombinationer av upp till fem modeller i vardera. Kombinationsläggbildernas längd och effektivitet jämfördes mot varandra och mot kontrolläggbilderna. Skärorderplaneringar baserade på inköpsstatistik och de upprättade läggbilderna gjordes med olika fokus för jämförelser i tygåtgång. Resultatet i studien visar på att vissa modellkombinationer genererar en minskning i tygåtgång och andra en ökning. Detta antas bero på form och relationen mellan stora och små mönsterdelar.<br>The textile industry is constantly producing waste, including waste from the cutting process. To reach sustainable development goals and reach economic and social sustainability more studies are needed that focus on different alternatives for minimizing and eliminating waste. The study aims to examine different effects of material usage when combining multiple models during the marker-making process. The study use multiple models with the same main fabric that theoretically could be cut in the same lay. Many studies support the positive effects of combining sizes in marker-making, and this is an established solution for minimizing material waste. Few, if any, studies exist on the effects of combining models and therefore this study focuses only on the basic sizes. Using Lectra Diamino Expert, 113 markers were made, each containing combinations of up to five models. Also lay plans based on purchase statistics was executed, this with different focus areas for comparing material usage against control-markers. The results of the study show that some model-combinations result in a decrease, and others in an increase, in material usage. This is assumed to depend on configuration and the relationship between small and large pattern pieces.
10
Hsiao, Yun, and 蕭筠. "The impact of opinion leader types and their consumption values on the social influences with early majority in the cult stores --user-generated content perspective." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/apqv6p.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>淡江大學<br>國際企業學系碩士班<br>101<br>With mass media outlets readily available and the continued development of the internet community, restaurants often experience a sudden surge in popularity, owing to word of mouth as spread by both mass media and internet outlets. In addition, due to the ubiquity of smart phones and mobile internet devices, people can turn their own consumption values and opinions into user-generated content (UGC) on social media platforms without restrictions due to time or location. People who utilize social media platforms as a method to both inform and influence the viewpoints of others are called opinion leaders. Furthermore, these opinion leaders are also eager to bring social influences to those following after early adopters.
In this thesis, we adopted qualitative research in semi-structural, in-depth interviews with customers who have been to cult stores and are accustomed to using social media platforms. We explored the relationship between consumer motivation for popular restaurants and electronic word of mouth. Moreover, we investigated opinion leaders’ consumption values and their motivations for creating user-generated content. Finally, we discussed the goals of opinion leaders with regards to social influence.
Conclusions of this research are summarized as following :
1. According to the interviewees’ consumption values regarding cult stores and their individual values, we can divide the opinion leaders of the popular restaurants into the following three types: the discoverers, the trendsetters, and the market connoisseurs.
2. There are both similarities and differences between consumption values, motivation for creating UGC, and expected social influence amongst opinion leaders. For instance: In the aspects of the consumption values, the motivation of creating user-generated content and the social influences on the early majority are identical among each type of the opinion leaders. However, there are some differences. For instance, discoverers may have an epistemic consumption value and motivation for creating UGC is for the purpose of recording their daily lives. Social consumption value and the motivation of creating UGC for Trendsetters is ego-defensive. Market connoisseurs have an emotional consumption value and they also expect to have social influence by means of value-expression.
Books on the topic "Cult of consumption"
1
Davidson, Jim. 75 ways to save gas: Clean, green tips to cut your fuel bill. Penguin Canada, 2009.
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2
Castro, Ana Lucia de. Culto ao corpo e sociedade: Mídia, estilos de vida e cultura de consumo. 2nd ed. Annablume, 2007.
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3
Mills, Mark P. Ecowatts: The clean switch : using electricity to save energy & cut greenhouse gases : an analysis. Science Concepts, Inc., 1991.
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4
Swatridge, Colin. Delivering the goods: Education as cargo in Papua New Guinea. Manchester University Press, 1985.
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5
Carroll, Chris. 'Risky habits' and the marginal propensity to consume out of permanent income, or, How much would a permanent tax cut boost Japanese consumption? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
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6
Scheppe, Wolfgang, and Friederike Assandri. Supermarket of the Dead: Burnt Offerings in China and the Cult of Globalised Consumption. Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther Konig, 2016.
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7
Biography of a Chairman Mao Badge: The Creation and Mass Consumption of a Personality Cult. Rutgers University Press, 2001.
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8
Schrift, Melissa. Biography of a Chairman Mao Badge: The Creation and Mass Consumption of a Personality Cult. Rutgers University Press, 2001.
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9
Schrift, Melissa. Biography of a Chairman Mao Badge: The Creation and Mass Consumption of a Personality Cult. Rutgers University Press, 2001.
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10
Biography of a chairman Mao Badge: The creation and mass consumption of a personality cult. Rutgers University Press, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cult of consumption"
1
Elliott, Fraser. "The Sustained Popularity of In the Mood for Love: Cultural Consumption in Britain’s Reception Context." In Cult Media. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63679-5_12.
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2
Dhaundiyal, Pankaj, and Ila Mehrotra Anand. "Halal as a religious cult and its impact on consumption and livelihood." In Religion and Consumer Behaviour. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003288558-13.
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3
Rieger, Konrad C. "What Raw Materials Can Do to Cut Energy Consumption." In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 1978, 1979, and 1980 Meetings of the Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 1, Issue 9/10. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291047.ch32.
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4
Morgan, Lynette. "Harvest and postharvest factors." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter discusses harvest and postharvest factors. Harvesting involves the gathering or removal of a mature crop, with minimum damage and losses, from where it has been grown and transporting it on either for direct consumption or into the postharvest handling chain for further storage and distribution. Determination of harvest maturity, hand harvesting, robotic harvesting of greenhouse crops, postharvest handling, grading and storage, fresh-cut salad processing, shelf-life evaluation, packaging, postharvest cooling, postharvest handling damage, GAP - Good Agricultural practices in Postharvest Handling, postharvest storage, postharvest disorders, food safety and hygiene, ready-to-eat, minimally processed produce, certification and food safety systems, and postharvest developments are also discussed.
5
Morgan, Lynette. "Harvest and postharvest factors." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0268.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter discusses harvest and postharvest factors. Harvesting involves the gathering or removal of a mature crop, with minimum damage and losses, from where it has been grown and transporting it on either for direct consumption or into the postharvest handling chain for further storage and distribution. Determination of harvest maturity, hand harvesting, robotic harvesting of greenhouse crops, postharvest handling, grading and storage, fresh-cut salad processing, shelf-life evaluation, packaging, postharvest cooling, postharvest handling damage, GAP - Good Agricultural practices in Postharvest Handling, postharvest storage, postharvest disorders, food safety and hygiene, ready-to-eat, minimally processed produce, certification and food safety systems, and postharvest developments are also discussed.
6
Shi, Mingchunjian, Liming Kong, Yongzhong Chen, and Xiang Li. "Environmental Data-Driven Optimization of Building Skin Design by Coupling Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network Algorithm -Taking Shaanxi Xi’an Garment Office Building as Example." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3433-0_21.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It is complex to design facade skin for different building, in view of the high operational energy consumption that accompanies buildings with excessively large window-to-wall ratios. For public buildings with, the energy load cost relatively large. There are a characteristic of facade which have high wall window rate to consume a lot of energy or increase Insulation cost due to the influence of interfaces. For the treatment of shading in summer, excessive overhang of the eaves often increases the load and structural cost of the roof or increases the external sunshade structure to increase structural cost. Integration of surface energy at the interface level, combined with the shading construction of light materials. In the current process of shortening the carbon cycle of buildings, study are exploring innovative exploration ways, focusing on building integrated sunshade and insulation for building with high window-wall-ratios. study consider the changes between winter and summer differentiated needs to propose optimized design solutions for reducing cooling and heating energy consumption under photo-thermal comfort conditions.set hina xian project as the case. Study show by new toughness skin design improving Performance and efficient cut of Energy cost. Solving photo-ermal objective analysis and selection problems based on ANN neural network learning prediction feedback, bench marking of environmental parameters, and parameter definition of evolutionary solvers. The results show that the solver can reach convergence at an early stage, and the validation of the chosen solution proves the effectiveness of the strategy-guided morphology. Based on learning prediction can be more accurately coupled with existing simulation trends. The total annual energy consumption of design scenario for this case skin, which is 8.4% more energy efficient than the conventional scenario and more than 5.3℃.
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Clossey, Luke. "9. The Eucharist in its Liturgical Context." In Jesus and the Making of the Modern Mind, 1380-1520. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0371.09.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explains the logistics of the liturgical calendar and the eucharistic ritual. On the production side, the number of masses performed was not chosen for its resonance, but was maximized based on worldly constraints—the availability of space (the number of altars), money, and time. Similarly, on the consumption side, enthusiasts running between churches sought to behold the highest possible number of masses, a number without any deep-ken meaning. In the deep ken, the glory of the mass was optimized by carefully orchestrating time, place, and other circumstances so they would consonate with each other. In contrast, the interest in maximizing the number of heard masses depended more on the plain ken. Especially in Bohemia and England, but even as far away as Tunisia, critics expressed pointed doubts that the eucharist ritual could turn wine and bread into Jesus's body and blood. Often these objections assumed a plain ken regarding space, which created obstacles to the transformation of matter, to the perception of the invisible, and to the possibility that Jesus could exist simultaneously across the breadth of Christendom. Other critics fought over interpretations of the Jesus's words used to institute the mass. The intensity of these debates fuelled rumours of desecrations. A number of miracles demonstrated that the consecrated host was powerful, indestructible, and unable to be misplaced. Local and transregional cults developed around hosts that bled to empirically drown out all these intellectual controversies.
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Shihata, Aya Ali, Mohamed Anwar Fekry, and Wessam Hamdy Abbas. "Implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Economic Sustainable Construction Minimizing Material Waste in Terms of Value Engineering." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.103.
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The construction industry consumes a large amount of raw materials and produces large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. However, studies have shown that philosophies alone are not efficient in solving problems in the construction industry. They must be supported by new tools and methodologies. Therefore, this study aimed to achieve a more sustainable building field by integrating BIM technology and value engineering principles in the management of building materials. to achieve the highest possible consumption of environmental resources and materials through value engineering. The methodology employed in this study was to develop a material waste management system for construction projects. Starting in the early design phase, develop a decision-making process for selecting the optimum floor tile size according to room dimensions. Some materials, such as floor tiles, wooden panels, and marble, can be used more efficiently using BIM and scheduling tools. Floor tiles are essential finishing materials in the AEC industry. The initial findings outline the benefits that can be obtained by using BIM tools to achieve waste minimization through value engineering principles by creating an automation process to choose the best floor tile size according to the space width and length and minimize the percentage of cut tiles to the total number of tiles that are used in the space. This provides a game-changing solution for construction stakeholders
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Shihata, Aya Ali, Mohamed Anwar Fekry, and Wessam Hamdy Abbas. "Implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Economic Sustainable Construction Minimizing Material Waste in Terms of Value Engineering." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.103.
Full textAbstract:
The construction industry consumes a large amount of raw materials and produces large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. However, studies have shown that philosophies alone are not efficient in solving problems in the construction industry. They must be supported by new tools and methodologies. Therefore, this study aimed to achieve a more sustainable building field by integrating BIM technology and value engineering principles in the management of building materials. to achieve the highest possible consumption of environmental resources and materials through value engineering. The methodology employed in this study was to develop a material waste management system for construction projects. Starting in the early design phase, develop a decision-making process for selecting the optimum floor tile size according to room dimensions. Some materials, such as floor tiles, wooden panels, and marble, can be used more efficiently using BIM and scheduling tools. Floor tiles are essential finishing materials in the AEC industry. The initial findings outline the benefits that can be obtained by using BIM tools to achieve waste minimization through value engineering principles by creating an automation process to choose the best floor tile size according to the space width and length and minimize the percentage of cut tiles to the total number of tiles that are used in the space. This provides a game-changing solution for construction stakeholders
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Lambrecht, Thijs, Joke Verfaillie, and Tom de Waele. "Lords, Peasantries and the remuneration of labour services in the Southern Low Countries, 13th-18th centuries." In Datini Studies in Economic History. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0347-0.09.
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In the late medieval and early modern Southern Low Countries, servile work gradually disappeared in most lordships. This contribution researches how and why unfree labour persisted in a minority of seigneuries. The main argument for the survival of so-called corvée labour, is that subjects performing these works received some form of remuneration. From the thirteenth century onward, peasantries were also able to negotiate favourable working conditions. Lords could not claim works during harvest and had to respect reasonable notification intervals. During the performance of the corvée labour, peasantries were usually provided food (and drink) in proportionate quantities to the caloric consumption needs of their respective work and status. Compensation of expenses in coin was rather rare, but lords often offered favourable benefits such as fiscal exemptions or use rights to the performing population or even the whole community. Male breeding animals were provided, and access to the lords domain such as hunting and fishing rights, or pastures could also be heeded. In this manner, small farmers could enjoy additional income streams or cut expenses. The existence of an array of rights and benefits to subjects performing labour indicate favourable negotiation terms of the peasant population. The case studies presented showcase a more nuanced historical reality, where peasants successfully (re-)negotiated labour duties with their lords. This paper reconstructs the negotiation process between lords and subjects as recorded in village customs.
Conference papers on the topic "Cult of consumption"
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Rus, Tania, Raluca-Paula Moldovan, and Ana-Maria Moldovan. "IMPROVING EDUCATIONAL BUILDING ENVIRONMENTS: A FOCUS ON COMFORT AND ENERGY." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/6.2/s26.40.
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This study investigates the relationship between users� comfort and energy consumption in an educational building located in a humid continental climate. Through a year-long monitoring program, we collected data on indoor temperature, humidity, lighting levels, CO2 concentrations, and natural gas consumption. Our analysis revealed that during the heating season, the average indoor temperature was 24.03 degrees Celsius while natural gas consumption reached 41.71 megawatt-hours (MWh). By analyzing the relationship between indoor environmental factors and energy consumption, we have identified a simple, yet very efficient passive strategy to improve building performance. By reducing indoor temperatures by just 1 or 2 degrees Celsius, we can significantly cut energy use. It's a simple step that can make a big difference. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of educating occupants on energy-saving behaviors to complement building-level improvements. By combining these strategies, educational institutions can achieve substantial energy savings while maintaining a comfortable indoor environment. The insights from this research can guide building managers, architects, and policymakers in creating healthier and more sustainable educational spaces.
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Darchivio, F., A. Cassanelli, and S. Simison. "Cathodic Protection of Ship Hulls by Galvanic Anodes: Design Evaluation." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09524.
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Abstract There is long experience with galvanic cathodic protection of ship hulls but in the recent past there has been a need for cutting down repair costs. In order to improve the corrosion protection design and to extent ship’s life great attention has been paid to modeling and understanding electrochemistry-current distribution. From a practical point of view, the best way to retrofit the design criteria would be to check the galvanic anodes real consumption during replacement operations when ships are dry docking at shipyard for the biannual hull inspection; unfortunately, this is not a standard procedure. In order to decrease dry dock stay costs, anodes are cut and put away soon after the ship has been cleaned and inspected for repair. The aim of the present paper is to assess the cathodic protection system performance of several ships in order to improve the design. Individual consumption, corrosion potential and efficiency of the anodes were evaluated. A new design has been proposed based on the results obtained.
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Siktár, Bálint, György Hegedűs, and József Kakuk. "Relation between the Cutting Force and the Current Consumption of the BLDC Motor in a Hedge Cutter." In 10th International Scientific Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-mcnxi8.
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One of the critical aspects in performance optimization of energy efficiency for a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor applied to hedge cutters is that of cutting force versus current consumption. The mechanical cutting force produced during the hedge cutting operation will be presented, here, in a manner relating to the electrical current drawn by the BLDC motor. It indicates that the cutting forces depend on the blade's sharpness, the density of the material, the speed of cutting; and that the current consumed by the motor is directly proportional to the value of this cutting force. The outcome of this study reveals that motor current monitoring performs favorably as an alternative measurement of the resistance of cut and mechanical load in real-time, seeking to enable the implementation of intelligent systems for performance optimization and predicting maintenance. The findings from this will also be beneficial in designing energy-efficient motors for custom-made cutting conditions and thus increase the overall robustness and cost-effective aspects related to operation of hedge cutters. A more accurate representation of this relationship can be refined through further research focusing on material properties and motor control algorithms, allowing for better use of energy and more precise control of horticultural implements. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between the different cutting forces occurring during the hedge trimming process and the current consumption of the BLDC motor. The paper will approach this question from a theoretical (calculation and simulation) point of view.
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Omakoji, Omata David, Opoku Richard, and Zinsou Gil-Christ. "Energy Efficiency, Cost-Saving Opportunities and Nearly Zero Emissions Analysis in the Residential Sector." In Africa International Conference on Clean Energy and Energy Storage. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-lkc7on.
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This study evaluates the energy efficiency, cost-saving opportunities and nearly zero emissions for the residential sectors of Ghana and Nigeria, focusing on three household appliances: fridges, freezers and bulbs. It analyses the integration of renewable energy systems in residential households, comparing energy-efficient and non-energy-efficient scenarios in both countries. The study uses field data, existing data on RETScreen software and analytical methods to examine the energy consumption patterns of key household appliances and their impact on renewable energy system design, cost, and emissions reduction. As for the energy consumption patterns, Ghana showed higher daily usage of household appliances, with longer operational hours for fridges and freezers averaging 20.3 hours/day, while Nigeria had lower daily usage, averaging 11.8 hours/day for similar appliances. For Nigeria, the annual electricity cost in the non-energy-efficient scenario is approximately 109.69 USD, while for energy-efficient households, the cost is reduced to 79.31 USD. In Ghana, non-energy-efficient households spend around 379.97 USD annually, compared to 317.55 USD for energy-efficient homes. The results highlight the significant cost-saving opportunities of adopting energy-efficient technologies. This higher energy demand in Ghana and its higher electricity tariffs lead to greater overall consumption and higher costs. Despite similar appliance wattages, Nigeria's lower tariff results in comparatively lower energy expenses. Using the energy consumption patterns for both countries under the energy-efficient and non-energy-efficient scenarios, system sizing for solar PV and battery storage was conducted to know the economic viability of renewable energy integration through Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Net Present Value (NPV) assessments. In both scenarios, the payback period for solar PV and battery systems in Nigeria is 22 years, making it not economically viable under current electricity tariffs. In contrast, Ghana shows a payback period of 10.3 years, making solar PV systems financially viable. The RETScreen simulation examined two important scenarios for energy efficiency in Nigeria and Ghana: compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) as the baseline and LED lighting as a proposed alternative. The results show different GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction equivalences for the number of automobiles that are not driven, the number of individuals who cut their energy use, the number of hectares of forests that absorb GHG, etc. The study's conclusions highlight the significance of energy efficiency in lowering overall energy usage, tariff rates, and expenses associated with solar and battery systems. The results have also provided more insights for both countries to create more comprehensive policies that will encourage adopting energy-efficient practices and make it cheaper for homes to integrate and use renewable energy systems.
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Vukcevic, Rajko, John Furstenberg, and Ian Godson. "Resolving CP Design Restrictions at an Australian Wharf: a Novel Marine Impressed Current CP System." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10031.
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Abstract This paper presents resolutions to cathodic protection (CP) design restrictions at an Australian 1km long steel-pile container wharf, requiring a 3,500A impressed current CP (ICCP) system. Rectifier locations were confined to ends of the wharf, while all cablework from rectifiers to anodes and piles had to be mounted underneath the dock. In a traditionally designed ICCP system using transformer-rectifier units (TRUs) and low-voltage/high-current DC distribution, these restrictions would result in cable cross-sections of up to 120mm2 per anode leg. Instead, a novel DC power distribution system was utilized, consisting of parallel channels of high-voltage/low-current Power Supply units (PSUs) feeding adjustable constant current into Current Multiplier DC/DC converters located close to anodes. Thus, power cables leading from PSUs could all be 1.0÷2.5mm2 twin-core cables, distributing 2A@300Vdc max towards each anode, where Current Multipliers transform it into 45A@9Vdc max. A single-anode prototype was developed as a proof-of-concept trial system, and then a full 77-anode ICCP system was constructed for the complete wharf corrosion protection. Major parameter values of the installed distribution cable network were considerably reduced – the average cable cross-section size by a factor of 30, the total cable weight by 12, and the total cable material and installation costs by 15÷20. Total system power consumption from AC-mains was cut down by 55%.
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Forstenpointner, Gerhard, Alfred Galik, and Gerald E. Weissengruber. "The zooarchaeology of cult. Perspectives and pitfalls of an experimental approach." In Bones, behaviour and belief. The osteological evidence as a source for Greek ritual practice. Swedish Institute at Athens, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-17.
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A broad variety of ritual behaviours involve the killing and/or consumption of domestic as well as game animals, and are functionally assigned to most important social procedures and ceremonies such as religious worship, activities of public administration or funerary rites and very often also to subsistence-oriented sacrifice. Material remains indicative of these ceremonies reveal specific aspects of the ritual procedure, but their significance is always dependent on the degree of scrutiny that has been spent during archaeological excavation and more so in the analysis of the finds. Focusing on ritual patterns in Mediterranean antiquity, the remains of burnt offerings and agglomerations of caprine horn cores are attested frequently by the zooarchaeological record. Even when literary descriptions of all of these sacrificial activities are available, obvious uncertainties about the actual procedure of burning meria and osphys and of the consecration of goat horns made experimental efforts necessary. Experimental approaches characterize a well established methodological tradition in archaeological and historical research, not only enhancing our understanding of poorly handed down evidence of ancient life, but also allowing the feasibility of reconstructive suggestions to be judged. On the other hand, obtaining evidence by means of experimental studies always has to take into account potential and maybe biasing phenomena of convergence. Talking in terms of evolutionary biology, the phenotypically similar appearance of archaeological findings and experimental results has to be understood as the outcome of two distinctly evolved and necessarily different processes.
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Cebotari, Livia. "Ukraine Crisis: The Trigger for the EU to Cut Its Dependence on Russian Fossil Fuels." In New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2022/08/097.
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Hosoi, Yuki. "Effect by Fuel Cut with the Strong Hybrid Motorcycle to Improve the Fuel Consumption." In 2012 Small Engine Technology Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-32-0086.
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Hountalas, Dimitrios T., Nikolaos F. Sakellaridis, Efthimios Pariotis, Antonis K. Antonopoulos, Leonidas Zissimatos, and Nikiforos Papadakis. "Effect of Turbocharger Cut Out on Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine Performance and NOx Emissions at Part Load Operation." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20514.
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The diesel engine is widely used for marine vessel propulsion due to its relatively high efficiency compared to existing alternative propulsion systems. The majority of these engines are slow speed two stroke ones. Despite the improvement of their efficiency there now exists a demand for drastic reduction of daily fuel oil consumption as a result of the global financial situation and continuously increasing fuel prices. Towards this effort, slow steaming is a promising solution for the drastic reduction of daily and specific fuel consumption when expressed in tn/mile. This requires engine operation in the low load (low speed) range where these engines are not designed to operate for long term. The main problem related to slow-steaming, is the lack of air which has a negative impact on the engine and its subsystems. A promising solution to the problem is turbocharger (T/C) cut-out at low load when more than one T/C exists. In the present work a combined computational and experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the operation potential of a large two stroke marine diesel engine equipped with two T/Cs using T/C cut-out, for which the specific technology presents various challenges. This is achieved using an in-house engine simulation model and measurements with and without T/C cut-out. From the results it is revealed that using this technique the scavenging air and peak firing pressure increase while the specific fuel consumption decreases. In this way, some major problems related with the long term operation of the engine under low load conditions, i.e. accumulation of carbon deposits on the exhaust gas side and continuous operation of the auxiliary air blowers, are surpassed. Moreover, a theoretical investigation is conducted considering fuel injection retard to minimize the peak firing pressure penalty while taking care to limit the corresponding negative impact on specific fuel consumption. For NOx emissions the effect of T/C cut-out is also considered using tail pipe emission data measured during the official shop tests. From the analysis conducted it has been revealed that the technique of turbocharger cut–out (one of two) is technically feasible and could offer certain advantages when slow-steaming is implemented. Moreover, comparing the calculated with the measured results, it has been revealed that the simulation model successfully estimates engine operation with and without T/C cut-out, being a valuable tool for the engineers to investigate combustion and pollutant formation mechanisms under various engine configurations.
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Camposeco-Negrete, C., J. Calderón-Nájera, and J. C. Miranda-Valenzuela. "Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Turning of AISI 1018 Steel With Constant Material Removal Rate Using Robust Design for Minimizing Cutting Power." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62520.
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Environmental and energy efficiency awareness of manufacturers and customers along with high electricity costs have promoted the development of strategies to reduce energy consumption in manufacturing processes. Machine tools are one of the main contributors to energy consumption in the industrial sector. Several studies have been undertaken to optimize the cutting parameters in order to minimize the power consumed in the removal of material. However, these studies do not consider the influence that different combinations of cutting parameters can have on power consumption at a constant material removal rate, quantity that has a direct influence in production rates. This paper describes an experimental study of AISI 1018 steel turning under roughing conditions and constant material removal rate, in order to obtain the cutting parameters that minimize power consumption. Robust design is used to analyze the effects of the depth of cut, feed rate and cutting speed on electric power consumed.
Reports on the topic "Cult of consumption"
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Carroll, Christopher. 'Risky Habits' and the Marginal Propensity to Consume Out of Permanent Income, or, How Much Would a Permanent Tax Cut Boost Japanese Consumption? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7839.
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Poverenov, E., Philip Demokritou, Yaguang Luo, and V. Rodov. Green nature inspired nano-sanitizers for enhancing safety of ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134145.bard.
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In this proposal, we suggest novel ways to address food safety problems in the expanding sector of fresh, ready-to-eat, fresh-cut, minimally processed fruits and vegetables. These products are becoming increasingly popular with consumers because they provide an easy way to increase consumption of phytonutrient-rich fresh foods, as recommended by health experts. However, ready-to-eat fresh fruits and vegetables may be associated with two serious health hazards. The first hazard is microbiological; human pathogens, potentially present on raw fruits and vegetables, may survive the mild interventions of minimal processing and could be further spread by cross-contamination. The second hazard is chemical; typical decontamination techniques use chlorine derivatives and strong oxidizers, which can taint food products with potentially harmful and carcinogenic byproducts. The overall goal of this work is to provide consumers with healthy and safe ready-to-eat produce that is free of microbial and chemical hazards
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Cao, Shoufeng, Uwe Dulleck, Warwick Powell, Charles Turner-Morris, Valeri Natanelov, and Marcus Foth. BeefLedger blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China: Early consumer insights. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.200267.
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The BeefLedger Export Smart Contracts project is a collaborative research study between BeefLedger Ltd and QUT co-funded by the Food Agility CRC. This project exists to deliver economic value to those involved in the production, export and consumption of Australian beef to China through: (1) reduced information asymmetry; (2) streamlined compliance processes, and; (3) developing and accessing new data-driven value drivers, through the deployment of decentralised ledger technologies and associated governance systems. This report presents early insights from a survey deployed to Chinese consumers in Nov/Dec 2019 exploring attitudes and preferences about blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China. Our results show that most local and foreign consumers were willing to pay more than the reference price for a BeefLedger branded Australian cut and packed Sirloin steak at the same weight. Although considered superior over Chinese processed Australian beef products, the Chinese market were sceptical that the beef they buy was really from Australia, expressing low trust in Australian label and traceability information. Despite lower trust, most survey respondents were willing to pay more for traceability supported Australian beef, potentially because including this information provided an additional sense of safety. Therefore, traceability information should be provided to consumers, as it can add a competitive advantage over products without traceability.
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Trapani, Paola. Collaborative Housing as a Response to the Housing Crisis in Auckland. Unitec ePress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.0821.
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According to future projections based on current demographic growth trends, Auckland’s population will reach two million in 2033. Since the city is already afflicted by a serious housing crisis, at the beginning of 2017 the newly elected Mayor Phil Goff set up a task force. Formed by representatives of various stakeholders, it was given the task of producing a report with strategic and tactical guidelines to mitigate the situation. Unitec researchers were invited to respond to the report, which came out at the end of 2017, in the form of three think pieces towards the Building Better Homes, Towns and Cities National Science Challenge. This paper is a new iteration of one of these think pieces, focused on collaborative living, and expands on the new role that designers should play in this field. Its ideological position is that the house cannot and should not be considered as a commodity on the free market; nor should focus solely be on bringing down prices by increasing the number of houses on offer. Over time, housing might evolve to being more about social (use) value than exchange value. Other models of the production and consumption of household goods are documented throughout the world as alternatives to mainstream market logic, using collective procurement mechanisms to cut construction and marketing costs with savings of up to 30%. These experiments, not limited to achieving financially sustainable outcomes, are linked to new social practices of collaboration between neighbours. The sharing of spaces and equipment to complement private housing units also leads to social and environmental sustainability.
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Einarsson, Rasmus. Nitrogen in the food system. TABLE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/2fa45626.
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Nitrogen (N) plays a dual role in the agri-food system: it is an essential nutrient for all life forms, yet also an environmental pollutant causing a range of environmental and human health impacts. As the plant nutrient needed in greatest quantities, and as a building block of proteins and other biomolecules, N is a necessary part of all life. In the last century, an enormous increase of N turnover in the agri-food system has enabled increasing per-capita food supply for a growing world population, but as an unintended side effect, N pollution has increased to levels widely agreed in science and policy to be far beyond sustainable limits. There is no such thing as perfectly circular N supply. Losses of N to the environment inevitably arise as N is transformed and used in the food system, for example in soil processes, in manure storage, and in fertilizer application. This lost N must be replaced by ‘new’ N, which is N converted to bioavailable forms from the vast atmospheric pool of unreactive dinitrogen (N2). New N comes mainly as synthetic N fertilizer and through a process known as biological N fixation (BNF). In addition, there is a large internal flow of recycled N in the food system, mainly in the form of livestock excreta. This recirculated N, however, is internal to the food system and cannot make up for the inevitable losses of N. The introduction of synthetic N fertilizer during the 20th century revolutionized the entire food system. The industrial production of synthetic N fertilizer was a revolution for agricultural systems because it removed the natural constraint of N scarcity. Given sufficient energy, synthetic N fertilizer can be produced in limitless quantities from atmospheric dinitrogen (N2). This has far-reaching consequences for the whole agri-food system. The annual input of synthetic N fertilizer today is more than twice the annual input of new N in pre-industrial agriculture. Since 1961, increased N input has enabled global output of both crop and livestock products to roughly triple. During the same time period, total food-system N emissions to the environment have also more than tripled. Livestock production is responsible for a large majority of agricultural N emissions. Livestock consume about three-quarters of global cropland N output and are thereby responsible for a similar share of cropland N emissions to air and water. In addition, N emissions from livestock housing and manure management systems contribute a substantial share of global N emissions to air. There is broad political agreement that global N emissions from agriculture should be reduced by about 50%. High-level policy targets of the EU and of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity are for a 50% reduction in N emissions. These targets are in line with a large body of research assessing what would be needed to stay within acceptable limits as regards ecosystem change and human health impacts. In the absence of dietary change towards less N-intensive diets, N emissions from food systems could be reduced by about 30%, compared to business-as-usual scenarios. This could be achieved by implementing a combination of technical measures, improved management practices, improved recycling of wasted N (including N from human excreta), and spatial optimization of agriculture. Human dietary change, especially in the most affluent countries, offers a huge potential for reducing N emissions from food systems. While many of the world’s poor would benefit nutritionally from increasing their consumption of nutrient-rich animal-source foods, many other people consume far more nutrients than is necessary and could reduce consumption of animal-source food by half without any nutritional issues. Research shows that global adoption of healthy but less N-polluting diets might plausibly cut future food-system N losses by 10–40% compared to business-as-usual scenarios. There is no single solution for solving the N challenge. Research shows that efficiency improvements and food waste reductions will almost certainly be insufficient to reach agreed environmental targets. To reach agreed targets, it seems necessary to also shift global average food consumption onto a trajectory with less animal-source food.
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Schofield, Ian S., Paul L. Brown, Mark J. Logsdon, and Matthew P. Wickham. Waste Rock Dump Characterization Studies at the Bingham Canyon Mine. Utah Geological Survey, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/mp-179.
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The Bingham Canyon Mine, located near Salt Lake City, Utah, is surrounded by more than 6 billion tons of waste rock developed over the open cut mining history from 1903 to present; the surface area of the waste rock is approximately 5000 acres. Waste rock dumps have a thickness of more than 1 200 feet from crest to toe. From 1930 to 2000, selected portions of the waste rock dumps were commercially leached using a ferric-sulfate-based lixiviant to extract copper, whereas other portions have only received meteoric leaching. From 2011 to present, Rio Tinto Kennecott has studied the evolution and geochemical controls on water chemistry associated with the waste rock dumps at the Bingham Canyon Mine. In this program, the waste rock dumps have been characterized in detail from the field logging of, and data collected from instrumentation installed within, 13 paired borings. At 12 of the 13 locations, the borings penetrated the full depth of the dumps, through the pre-mine soil contact, and into bedrock. Borings were installed to depths approaching 900 feet below ground surface using roto-sonic drilling methods to enable (1) core recovery and (2) measurement of near in situ properties. Field logging of the borings included Unified Soil Classification System descriptions, clast lithology, relative oxidation, paste pH, and geophysical methods (gyroscopic, temperature, neutron, and gamma). Core from the borings was analyzed for geotechnical properties (density, grain size distribution, moisture content, plasticity index and limit, and direct and block shear), quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN), modified acid-base accounting (ABA), modified synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), and hyperspectral analysis by CoreScan. If water was encountered during the drilling process at sufficient volumes for collection from the core barrel, samples were collected for chemical analysis. Instrumentation installed within the borings included lysimeters, thermistor nodes, direct temperature sensing (DTS) fiber optic cables, time domain reflectometry (TDR), shear cables, gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide) measurement tubes, and vibrating wire piezometers (VWPs). Additionally, each drill site had multiple measurements of oxygen consumption in the surface layer of the local waste rock. Data acquired from the borings were linked with historical information (covering a period of greater than 50 years) from extensive drilling, mineralogical and litho-geochemical evaluations, hydraulic and tracer testing, and 20 years of seepage f low and water chemistry data to develop a conceptual model that describes the hydraulic, geochemical, and physical behavior of the waste rock dumps. Pyrite and other sulfide minerals in the waste rock dumps are oxidized by both diffusive and convective ingress of air, producing acidic, high-total dissolved solids effluents, and jarosite that has formed within the waste rock as a secondary phase that stores additional acidity. The dominant air ingress mechanism is convection, which accounts for greater than 90% of the sulfide oxidation within the waste rock dumps. Based on temperature profiles and water balance for the dumps, moisture loss to geochemical reactions is a significant part of the water budget.
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Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia, July 2024. Banco de la República, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.04-2024.
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In the first quarter of 2024, the figures of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE in Spanish) showed that the economy achieved annual growth of 0.9%. Although this result was moderate, it confirmed the economy's recovery path. Monetary policy has played a critical role in containing inflationary pressures. This has allowed inflation to trend downwards, continuing into the first half of 2024. Net foreign reserves totaled USD 60,901 million as of 30 June 2024, a slight increase over the course of the year. For 2024, the profit of Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia) is projected at COP 8,795 billion. International macroeconomic environment The global economy would continue to grow in 2024 at a rate slightly higher than 3.0%, according to forecasts from the International Monetary Fund (3.2%) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (3.1%). This dynamic is lower than the pre-pandemic historical average due to the long-term consequences of COVID-19, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and growing geoeconomic fragmentation, among other reasons. Various advanced and emerging economies, particularly the United States and some Asian countries, have seen favorable growth due to strong aggregate demands, dynamic private consumption, and high public spending. Meanwhile, inflation has been on a downward trend, but with values exceeding the goals of its central banks. In several developing countries, inflationary pressures have been significant due to the transfer of high international food, energy, and fertilizer costs and higher-than-expected currency declines. These factors have affected growth in these economies amid tight monetary policies. Economic activity in Colombia In the first quarter of 2024, DANE figures showed that the economy achieved annual growth of 0.9%. Although the result was moderate, it confirmed the economy's recovery path after the annual contraction in the third quarter of 2023 (-0.7%), followed by 0.4% annual growth in the last quarter of the previous year. On the expenditure side, the annual growth seen in the first quarter of 2024 was driven by net external demand, given an annual drop in imports (-13.3%) and an annual increase in exports (2.4%). On the supply side, the agriculture sector, public administration, health and education services, and arts and entertainment activities grew the most annually. The tight monetary policy and higher tax rates that characterized the 2023 adjustment continued to impact the economy's aggregate spending, which was also affected by low levels of business and consumer confidence. During the second quarter, the economy would have continued to increase its growth rate, driven by the good performance of the agriculture sector and the dynamics of some services related to public administration, health, education, and entertainment. Banco de la República’s (Banrep) technical staff expects that in the second half of the year, the economy will continue to gradually improve its dynamics to achieve growth of around 1.8% throughout 2024 and approach its potential growth in 2025. Employment Early 2024 saw unemployment rate increases driven by deteriorating employment, after which this indicator has remained relatively stable. Thus, between December 2023 and May 2024, the unemployment rate for the domestic aggregate rose 0.2 percentage points (pp) to reach 10.5% in May. The number of employed people remained relatively stable for the domestic aggregate, with levels close to 22.9 million (m) jobs. The reduction in salaried employment, coupled with recent growth in the non-salaried segment, explains the increased informality rate. This rate stood at 56.2% in May 2024, one percentage point higher than in December 2023. Inflation and Monetary Policy Headline inflation in June was 7.2%, lower than that seen in December (9.3%) and well below the high level reached in March 2023 (13.3%). The downward trend in inflation has primarily resulted from tight monetary policy carried out by the Board of Directors of Banco de la República (BDBR) through progressive increases in the benchmark interest rate initiated as of September 2021. The BDBR’s decision to undertake a monetary policy easing cycle as of last December was based on the downward trend that annual inflation had been exhibiting since April 2023 and evidence that tight monetary policy was meeting its goal of reducing excess spending in the economy. A cumulative 2.5 percentage point policy interest rate cut was completed by July 2024, bringing it to 10.75%. Balance of payments As a share of quarterly gross domestic product (GDP), the current account deficit of the balance of payments decreased from 3.7% of GDP in the first quarter of 2023 to 1.9% in the first quarter of this year. The decrease in the current account deficit balance was explained by the favorable variation in factor income, the services trade balance, and net income from current transfers. By 2024, the technical staff projects a current account deficit close to 2.8% of GDP, moderately higher than the 2.5% deficit observed in 2023 and significantly lower than the 6.1% deficit of GDP recorded in 2022. The smaller current account deficit makes the Colombian economy less vulnerable to negative external shocks. Public finance The 2024 Medium-Term Fiscal Framework (MTFF-24), presented by the Ministry of Finance in mid-June, shows that the General Government produced a 2.7% deficit of GDP in 2023, which means a reduction of 3.6 pp vis-a-vis 2022. This adjustment is explained by the improvement in the balances of the social security sub-sector, of the rest of the central level to which the Fuel Price Stabilization Fund (FEPC in Spanish) belongs, and of the Central National Government (CNG). The surplus of the FEPC, which closed at 0.4% of GDP in 2023, stands out in contrast to the 1.3% deficit registered a year earlier. The adjustment of the CNG’s public finances in 2023 was supported by the boost in tax collection derived from the reforms approved in 2021 and 2022, as well as by the good dynamics of economic and oil activity in those years. According to the MTFF-24, in 2023, the CNG's fiscal deficit and net debt reached 4.3% and 53.8% of GDP, respectively. MTFF-24’s fiscal deficit forecasts are consistent with compliance with the fiscal rule. However, as stated by the Independent Fiscal Rule Committee (CARF in Spanish), there are risks around collection and spending expectations. Foreign reserves Net foreign reserves totaled USD 60,901 m as of 30 June 2024, an increase of USD 1,293 m over the course of the year. This increase is primarily due to the program to accumulate international reserves announced by the BDBR in December 2023. The return on the foreign reserves for the year, excluding the foreign exchange component, amounts to 1.43% (USD 864 m). This result is mainly explained by higher interest rates, which have positively impacted the return on foreign reserves. An economy is considered to maintain adequate reserve levels if, among other indicators, the ratio of the reserves to the appropriate level is between 1.0 and 1.5. With information available as of June 2024, the ARA calculated for Colombia by the IMF was 1.24. Profits of Banco de la República Banco de la República's profit at the end of the first half of 2024 amounted to COP 4,088 billion (b), as a result of revenues of COP 5,903 b and expenses of COP 1,815 b. This profit was COP 39 b higher than that recorded in the same period of 2023. Revenues during this period were mainly due to the yield on foreign reserves, which amounted to COP 3,770 b, with an increase of COP 237 b compared to that received in the first half of the previous year. Expenses originated mainly from the remuneration on national government deposits in Banrep, which amounted to COP 683 b with a reduction of COP 812 b compared to the first half of 2023, mainly due to the lower average balances held in Banrep. For 2024, a profit of COP 8,795 b is projected, COP 431 b lower than that observed in 2023. This estimate has a high degree of uncertainty, taking into account the risks associated with the evolution of foreign reserves yield and the growth and sources of expansion of the monetary base. Boxes Box 1: Comments of Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia) regarding its appointment as Administrator of Reserve Fund of the Contributory Pillar - Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia, July 2024 Law 2381 of 2024, “Whereby the Comprehensive Social Protection System for Old Age Disability, and Death (Sistema de Protección Social Integral para la Vejez, Invalidez y Muerte, in Spanish) of common origin is established, and other provisions are issued,” creates the Reserve Fund of the Contributory Pillar (Fondo de Ahorro del Pilar Contributivo, in Spanish), hereinafter the Fund, and assigns its administration to Banco de la República (Banrep). This box highlights the main issues involved in the designation of Banrep as the Fund’s administrator within the framework of its constitutional functions: Box 2: Determinants of the Speed of Adjustment of the MPR Box 3: Primary Liquidity Supply by Banco de la República, 2023-2024