Academic literature on the topic 'Cultivar adaptation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cultivar adaptation"
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Iwańska, Marzena, Jakub Paderewski, Michał Stępień, and Paulo Rodrigues. "Adaptation of Winter Wheat Cultivars to Different Environments: A Case Study in Poland." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (2020): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050632.
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A proper understanding of cultivar adaptation to different environments is of great relevance in agronomy and plant breeding. As wheat is the most important crop in Poland, with a total of about 22% of the total sown area, the study of its performance in environments with different productivity levels for consequent cultivar recommendation is of major importance. In this paper, we assess the relative performance of winter wheat cultivars in environments with different productivity and propose a method for cultivar recommendation, by considering the information of environmental conditions and drought stress. This is performed in the following steps: (1) calculation of expected wheat productivity, depending on environmental factors, (2) calculation of relative productivity of cultivars in the environments, and (3) recommendation of cultivars of a specific type and range of adaptation. Soil and weather conditions were confirmed as the most important factors affecting winter wheat yield. The weather factors should be considered rather in shorter (e.g., 10 day) than longer (e.g., 60 day) time periods and in relation to growth stages. The ANCOVA model with genotype and management intensity as fixed factors, and soil and weather parameters as covariates was proposed to assess the expected wheat productivity in particular environments and the expected performance of each genotype (cultivar). The recommendation of cultivars for locations of specified productivity was proposed based on the difference between the expected cultivar yield and the mean wheat productivity, and compared with the Polish official cultivar recommendation list.
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Newton, Adrian C., Tracy A. Valentine, Blair M. McKenzie, Timothy S. George, David C. Guy, and Christine A. Hackett. "Identifying Spring Barley Cultivars with Differential Response to Tillage." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (2020): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050686.
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Cultivars and some cultivar mixtures of spring barley were grown under inversion and non-inversion tillage conditions for three or four years and assessed for disease and yield in order to obtain genotypes that can be used to determine the mechanisms of cultivation adaptation. In general, the higher-yielding cultivars under inversion tillage conditions gave lower yields under non-inversion tillage, whereas low-yielding older cultivars showed relatively smaller reductions in yield under non-inversion tillage. A few cultivars showed preferential yield performance for either inversion or non-inversion tillage and this was irrespective of their overall yield performance. There was no pedigree or breeding programme link between these cultivars and no above-ground gross morphological trait observed was associated with tillage adaptation. Root hairs may contribute to inversion tillage adaptation as a root hair absence mutant was associated with non-inversion adaptation and it is likely that other root-associated traits are responsible also for tillage adaptation. There was no overall cultivar or tillage interaction with rhynchosporium symptoms but a differential tillage interaction may occur in individual years. We have identified clearly contrasting cultivars and tested their across-season robustness with respect to tillage treatment for further detailed mechanistic studies and identification of tillage adaptation traits.
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McKeown*, Alan W., Mary Ruth McDonald, Cathy J. Bakker, and Kevin Vander Kooi. "Crop Diversification in Ontario: Adaptation of Chives." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 780A—780. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.780a.
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Chives, (Allium schoenoprasum) consumption and production are increasing in Ontario. Rust (Puccinia allii F. Rudolphi) has been a problem with some chive cultivars for some growers, and in Ontario, basic information on production is nonexistent. The objectives were to identify cultivars with high yields, disease resistance and winter survivability. Plantings of six cultivars of chives were established in 2002 and 2003 in two contrasting environments, on organic (Kettleby) and mineral (Simcoe) soils; and one cultivar of garlic chives (A. tuberosum) at Kettleby. Leaves were harvested to a length of 30 cm, weighed and assessed for visible signs of rust. In Spring 2003, the number of dead plants was recorded to determine the overwinter survivability of each cultivar. Performance varied among cultivars and between locations. In Simcoe, Staro produced the highest yield in 2002 while generic (unnamed) chives produced the highest yield in the second year. In Kettleby, yield was similar among cultivars in 2002 but in 2003 generic chives produced the highest yield. Overwinter survival also varied between locations and second season yields were much higher in Kettleby. Less snow cover and subsequent winter injury is a possible explanation for the lower yields and poorer winter survival in Simcoe. No symptoms of rust were found in either location. Chives are a viable crop in Ontario, and appear to have different adaptability to regional soils and climates.
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Muleba, N., M. Mwanke, and I. Drabo. "Use of successional sowing in evaluating cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) adaptation to drought in the Sudan savannah zone. 1. Seed yield response." Journal of Agricultural Science 116, no. 1 (1991): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600076164.
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SUMMARYTwo sets of experiments were conducted on oxic Plinthustalf and udic Ustochrept soils in 1983–85 at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One set tested six daylength-insensitive (DI) cultivars and the other set compared four or five daylength-sensitive (DS) cultivars with one or two DI cultivars as controls, sown on three or four dates. Sowing date, cultivar and their interaction significantly affected seed yield in 1983 and 1985. In 1984, yield was not affected by sowing date in the DI cultivars nor by the sowing date x cultivar interaction in the DS cultivars. Optimum sowing dates were mid- and late July. Sowing earlier gave no yield advantage, whereas sowing later reduced yield severely.The medium-maturing DI cultivar TN88–63 and the DS cultivar Koakin Local, which has a critical photoperiod in late August, exhibited average to below average yield stability but had a high mean yield and were considered well adapted in all conditions. The other cultivars were either moderately or poorly adapted to the Sudan savannah zone. The sowing date experiments were effective in identifying adapted cowpea cultivars, even from a single year's data, and can be used for screening cowpea for adaptation in the Sudan savannah zone.
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Das, Ranjan, K. Bhagawati, A. Boro, T. Medhi, B. Medhi, and R. K. Bhanisana. "Relative Performance of Plant Cultivars under Respective Water Deficit Adaptation Strategies: A Case Study." Current World Environment 10, no. 2 (2015): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.2.36.
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All the plants exhibit tolerance to stress due to external environmental factors, but with inter-species variation in intensity. The objective of the study was to comparatively evaluate morphological and anatomical modification in different plant cultivars under similar water stress condition and their possible impact on physiological processes affecting their growth performance. The investigation was done in terms of morphological modifications, change in leaf anatomy, water status and productivity. The experiment was done under rainfed condition in northeastern India in three selected cultivars of Gladiolus. All parameters were measured using standard procedures. Stomatal density was found to decrease with water stress with lowest value in cultivar Aarti (122.2 mm-2) while stomatal size (length=7.3µm and breadth=7.00µm) and pore size (3.66µm2) was found to be highest in cultivar Aarti that account for its better photosynthesis rate and growth. The thickness and number of epidermal cells were found to be highest in Aarti that help them to comparatively better amelioration of moisture stress effect. The cultivar Aarti also had higher numbers and size of xylem and phloem that indicate greater unloading of carbohydrate to sink region following increase of sink size. The highest water saturation deficit was found in cultivar Apollo (36.02%) that account for its decline in stomatal conductance, reduction of stomatal size, transpiration and saturation deficit. Comparatively higher leaf area duration (116 days) and net assimilation rate (1.62 g cm-2day-1x10-3) of cultivar Aarti attributed to its higher biomass production with larger spike size with good numbers of flowers. The highest marketable spikes (71111.11 per ha) was found in cultivar Aarti which might be due to its comparatively less deviation, during stress condition, from normal morphological and anatomical characteristics. The tolerant cultivars are those that can adapt to the change without much change in their normal growth. And the responses of those species are commercially acceptable that promote adaptation without compromising much with the plant growth and crop production.
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Kondratieva, I. U., O. Georgieva, and D. Ganeva. "Growing test results of Russian tomato cultivars originated at All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production in Bulgaria." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2009-2-36-39.
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The tested tomato cultivars had been bred and adapted to environmental factors with regard to open field cultivation in Nonchernozem zone of Russia. Agriculturally valuable traits were studied in many regions: Astrakhan, Volgograd, Belgorod, Primorie krai, and also in Uzbekistan, Moldavia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Ukraine, and Byelorussia. Results that had been analyzed provided information concerning the ecological cultivar sustainable adaptation and required biodiversity. Russian tomato cultivars that possessed high adaptation characteristics were tested for 2 years in open field conditions of Bulgaria and Russia.
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Demelash, Tsedale, Martial Amou, Amatus Gyilbag, Goitom Tesfay, and Yinlong Xu. "Adaptation Potential of Current Wheat Cultivars and Planting Dates under the Changing Climate in Ethiopia." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010037.
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Global warming poses a severe threat to food security in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the primary driver of low wheat productivity is attributed to climate change. Due to the sparsity of observation data, climate-related impact analysis is poorly understood, and the adaptation strategies studied so far have also been insufficient. This study adopted the most popular DSSAT CERES-Wheat model and the ensemble mean of four GCMs to examine the quantitative effects of adjusted sowing dates and varieties on wheat yield. The two new cultivars (Dandaa and Kakaba), with reference to an old cultivar (Digelu), were considered for the mid-century (2036–2065) and late-century (2066–2095) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios. The results showed that the Dandaa cultivar demonstrates better adaptation potential at late sowing with a yield increase of about 140 kg/ha to 148 kg/ha for the mid- and late-century under RCP4.5. However, under RCP 8.5, Kakaba demonstrates higher adaptation potential with a yield gain for early sowing of up to 142 kg/ha and 170 kg/ha during the mid- and late-century, respectively. Late sowing of the Dandaa cultivar is recommended if GHG emissions are cut off at least to the average scenario, while the Kakaba cultivar is the best option when the emissions are high. The adaptation measures assessed in this study could help to enhance wheat production and adaptability of wheat to the future climate.
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ÖZGÖKÇE, Mehmet Salih, Duygu KUŞOĞLU, Metin KONUŞ, Hilmi KARA, Mehmet Ramazan RİŞVANLI, and Doğan ÇETİN. "The effects of different Charleston pepper cultivars on the demographic parameters and the antioxidant levels of Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Turkish Journal of Entomology 47, no. 2 (2023): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1174064.
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Host plant diversity causes differences in the biology and adaptation of insects. In this study, variations in some biological properties and adaptive antioxidative response of Myzus persicae (Sulzer,1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five Charleston pepper, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) cultivars were investigated under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 60±5% RH). The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.193 d-1) of M. persicae was estimated in the tested cohort fed with the Kanyon cultivar, while the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.248 d-1) was found on the Tufan cultivar. The cohort fed with Safkan cultivar exhibited the highest levels of GST-CDNB and EST-PNPA at 562.80 and 207.64 nmol/mg protein, respectively, whereas the cohort fed with Kanyon cultivar showed the lowest levels at 317.04 and 132.14 nmol/mg protein, respectively. Analysis of life table parameters and enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidant levels of M. persicae showed that among the cultivars we tested, the Tufan cultivar was the most preferred host by M. persicae, while Kanyon cultivar was a less suitable host.
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BEAULIEU, G. C., and D. J. HUME. "ADAPTATION OF WINTER RAPESEED IN ONTARIO." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (1987): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-095.
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In order to determine regions of adaptation of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), field trials were planted at about 30 locations in Ontario in 1981 and 1982. Four cultivars were tested each year. Winter survival was poor in northern Ontario in both years, and along the north shore of Lake Erie in the first year. Over all sites, mean winter survival was 52%. At sites which did not completely winterkill, plant survival and yield averaged 70% and 2.38 t ha−1. Best winter rapeseed performance in Ontario occurred at well-drained sites with good winter snow cower and an absence of excessive flooding or cold temperatures in the spring. Cultivars did not differ in survival or yield in 1981–1982. The cultivar Jet Neuf had higher yields than the other cultivars in 1982–1983. There were differences in oil and protein content among the cultivars. The results suggest that winter rapeseed could become a viable crop in Ontario.Key words: Rapeseed (winter), Brassica napus, seed yield, winter survival, adaptation
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Iwańska, Marzena, Jakub Paderewski, Michał Stępień, and Paulo Canas Rodrigues. "Winter Wheat Cultivar Recommendation Based on Expected Environment Productivity." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (2021): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060522.
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We used 5 years of data from multi-environmental trials conducted in Poland to assess average winter wheat yield based on selected environmental factors to recommend cultivars depending on their performance in environments of different productivity. Average expected yields in particular environments were calculated using a model based on analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), which describes the relationship between winter wheat yield and environmental factors of soil suitability and pH, drought length and Selyaninov’s Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) in 10-day periods. The cultivar performance was evaluated using linear regression. The cultivar yield estimated by the mixed model was considered the dependent variable, whereas the environmental mean yields, estimated by ANCOVA, were considered independent variables. The cultivars were ranked according to the estimated yield in environments of determined average wheat productivity. Higher yielding cultivars were divided into two groups: widely and narrowly adapted cultivars, which were then recommended. The novelty of this study stems from the consideration of the environmental productivity in the recommendation process, the indication of widely adapted cultivars to be grown in a broad range of productivity sites and the selection of cultivars with narrow adaptation, which may outperform cultivars of wide adaptation in homogeneous fields. This study confirmed the importance of soil suitability and HTC for winter wheat yield. Direct application of our results is possible in Poland and in other countries with similar conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cultivar adaptation"
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Guillaume, Solenne. "Adaptation d'un modèle de culture et conception d'un modèle de décision pour la gestion conjointe de l'irrigation et de la fertilisation azotée du blé dur." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0027/document.
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Les changements de contexte économique, réglementaire et environnementaux auxquels la production agricole doit faire face nécessitent d'évaluer de nouvelles stratégies de gestion conjointe de l'irrigation et de la fertilisation pour blé dur. Le travail de thèse a suivi un double objectif : i) adapter le modèle de culture STICS à différents cultivars de blé dur, et ii) concevoir un modèle de décision des pratiques de fertilisation azotée et d'irrigation. Une base de données comportant 373 traitements expérimentaux issus de douze années climatiques a été constituée à partir d'expérimentations réalisées avant la thèse à l'INRA et ARVALIS puis mobilisée pour conduire le travail d'adaptation et d'évaluation du modèle de culture. L'adaptation du modèle de culture a consisté dans un premier temps en un travail d'estimation de paramètres par optimisation mathématique pour sept cultivars de blé dur. Une analyse comparative de trois démarches a permis de sélectionner la démarche pertinente pour obtenir un modèle précis et robuste pour la simulation du rendement, de la teneur en azote des grains et des variables intermédiaires (Biomasse aérienne, surface foliaire, quantité d'azote absorbée) dans différents contextes pédo-climatiques (large gamme de niveaux de nutrition hydrique et azotée). Cette étude fournit un cadre méthodologique pour l'estimation des paramètres des modèles de culture. Les résultats de ce travail ont de plus démontré que le modèle de culture, avec son formalisme initial, n'était pas sensible à l'effet du fractionnement de la fertilisation sur la quantité d'azote et la teneur en azote des grains. L'adaptation est appréhendée dans un deuxième temps par la modification du formalisme d'accumulation de l'azote dans les grains par l'introduction d'un formalisme inspiré du modèle AZODYN. La modification n'a pas amélioré suffisamment la sensibilité du modèle à l'effet du fractionnement sur la teneur en azote des grains. Le manque de données expérimentales en phase post-floraison et notamment la dynamique de la sénescence foliaire n'a pas permis d'améliorer la capacité du modèle de culture à simuler les processus d'absorption d'azote du sol après la floraison. A partir d'une enquête auprès de 29 irrigants de blé dur, les pratiques et les stratégies de fertilisation azotée et d'irrigation, ainsi que les décisions stratégiques et tactiques ont été identifiées et formalisées dans un modèle de décision. Une évaluation de stratégies conçues sur la base des résultats d'enquêtes est proposée comme illustration de l'utilisation du modèle STICS adapté au blé dur et du modèle de décision formalisé. Le couplage informatique du modèle de culture STICS au modèle de décision permettra de disposer d'un modèle bio-décisionnel et ainsi pourra être utilisé pour concevoir et évaluer des stratégies de gestion conjointe de l'irrigation et de la fertilisation azotée du blé dur adaptées au contexte des exploitations agricoles<br>Changes in economic, regulatory and environmental context of agricultural production raise the need for research to evaluate and propose new strategies for joint management of irrigation and fertilization for durum wheat. The thesis had two objectives: i) adapting the simulation crop model STICS to different durum wheat cultivars, and ii) designing a decision model for nitrogen fertilization and irrigation practices. A database containing 373 experimental treatments carried out by INRA and ARVALIS before this PhD work was established and mobilized to conduct the adaptation and the evaluation of crop model. The adaptation of the crop model was first conducted through durum wheat parameter estimation by mathematical optimization. A comparative analysis of three approaches was conducted to select an appropriate approach to obtain an accurate and robust crop model for the simulation of grain yield, grain nitrogen content and intermediate variables (biomass, leaf area, amount of nitrogen absorbed) in different soil and climatic conditions. This study provided a methodological framework for crop models parameters estimation. The results of this study showed that the crop model, with its original formalism, was not sensitive to the effect of splitting of fertilization on the grain nitrogen content and protein concentration. The adaptation was then conducted through the modification of the formalism of nitrogen accumulation in grains by introducing a formalism inspired the AZODYN crop model. The modification did not significantly improve the model's sensitivity to the effect of N splitting on the nitrogen content of grain. The results of this study call into question the ability of crop model to simulate the absorption process of nitrogen after flowering. Unfortunately the lack of data concerning post-flowering leaf area dynmaics did not allow improving the model. From a survey of 29 irrigators, practices and strategies of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation, as well as strategic and tactical decisions have been identified and formalized in a decision model. An evaluation of strategies based on survey results is given as an illustration of the potential use of the STICS soil-crop model and the decision rules identified and formalised. The coupling of the crop model to the model decision will allow proposing and evaluating strategies adapted to the farm context for joint management of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization of durum wheat
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Minoli, Sara. "Managing phenology for agronomic adaptation of global cropping systems to climate change." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21965.
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Der Klimawandel fordert die Anbausysteme heraus, um das derzeitige Produktionsniveau zu verbessern oder sogar aufrechtzuerhalten. Es wird erwartet, dass zukünftige Trends bei Temperatur und Niederschlag die Ernteproduktivität beeinträchtigen. Es ist daher notwendig, möglicher Lösungen zur Anpassung der Anbausysteme an den Klimawandel zu untersuchen.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das Wissen über die Anpassung von weltweit relevanten Getreidepflanzen an den Klimawandel zu erweitern. Die zentrale Fragestellung ist, ob globale Anbausysteme an den Klimawandel angepasst werden können, indem die Phänologie der Kulturpflanzen durch Anpassung von Wachstumsperioden und Sorten gesteuert wird.
Die Phänologie und die Ertragsreaktionen sowohl auf den Temperaturanstieg als auch auf die Sortenselektion werden zunächst anhand eines Ensembles von “Global Gridded Crop Models” bewertet. Anschließend wird die Komplexität der Anpassung durch phänologisches Management analysiert, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung der bestehenden großen Wissenslücken bei der Auswahl von Pflanzensorten. Das Ergebnis der Analyse ist ein regelbasierter Algorithmus, der phänologische Zyklen der Kulturpflanzen auswählt, um die Zeit für die Ertragsbildung zu maximieren und Temperatur- und Wasserbelastungen während der Wachstumszyklen der Kulturpflanzen zu minimieren. Die berechneten Aussaatdaten und Wachstumsperioden werden verwendet, um globale Muster von Sorten zu parametrisieren, die an aktuelle und zukünftige Klimaszenarien angepasst sind.
Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Pflanzenproduktivität erheblich variieren können, je nachdem, welche Annahmen für das agronomische Management getroffen werden. Änderungen im Management zu vernachlässigen, liefert die pessimistischste Prognose für die zukünftige Pflanzenproduktion. Relativ einfache Ansätze zur Berechnung angepasster Aussaatdaten und Sorten bieten eine Grundlage für die Berücksichtigung autonomer Anpassungsschemata als integraler Bestandteil globaler Modellierungsrahmen.<br>Climate change is challenging cropping systems to enhance or even maintain current production levels. Future trends in temperature and precipitation are expected to negatively impact crop productivity. It is therefore necessary to explore adaptation options of cropping systems to changing climate.
The aim of this thesis is to advance knowledge on adaptation of world-wide relevant grain crops to climate change. The central research question is whether global cropping systems can be adapted to climate change by managing crop phenology through adjusting growing periods and cultivars.
Phenology and yield responses to both temperature increase and cultivar selection are first assessed making use of an ensemble of Global Gridded Crop Models. Then, the complexity of adaptation through phenological management is analysed, particularly addressing the existing large knowledge gaps on crop cultivar choice. The outcome of the analysis is a rule-based algorithm that selects crop phenological cycles aiming at maximizing the time for yield formation and minimizing temperature and water stresses during the crop growth cycles. The computed sowing dates and growing periods are used to parametrize global patterns of cultivars adapted to present and future climate scenarios.
This thesis demonstrates that the impacts of climate change on crop productivity can vary substantially depending on which assumptions are made on agronomic management. Neglecting any changes in management return the most pessimistic projection on future crop production. Relatively simple approaches to compute adapted sowing dates and cultivars provide a base for considering autonomous adaptation schemes as an integral component of global scale modelling frameworks.
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Vestalys, Ialy Rojo. "Recherche de marqueurs biochimiques et génétiques de l'adaptation des caféiers cultivés aux variations climatiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG054/document.
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La baisse de la production et la prolifération des maladies engendrées par le changement climatique dans la caféiculture, particulièrement pour Coffea arabica, conduit à chercher de nouvelles pratiques culturales et étudier la réponse adaptative des caféiers aux modifications environnementales. En se basant sur l’importance des composés phénoliques dans la réponse des plantes aux stress et sur la richesse des caféiers en ces composés antioxydants, la réponse adaptative des caféiers cultivés en plein champ a été étudiée en s’intéressant à l’évolution du contenu des feuilles en ces composés dans différentes conditions de culture simulées par un gradient altitudinal, des cultures sous ombrage ou l’obtention de plants greffés. Les analyses biochimiques montrent que certains composés phénoliques s’accumulent dans les feuilles en réponse à la modification d’un paramètre météorologique spécifique. Ainsi, acides chlorogéniques et flavanols sont plus accumulés en cas de sécheresse alors que les flavonols glycosylés s’accumulent sous forte radiation solaire. La comparaison avec C. canephora permet de valider ces marqueurs. Les analyses transcriptomiques indiquent une différence d’expression des gènes de biosynthèse de ces composés suivant le stade de croissance de la feuille. Elles montrent également que la réponse à la lumière passe par la surexpression de nombreux gènes codant des HSP ainsi que ceux impliqués dans la photosynthèse et la glycosylation des flavonoïdes. Enfin, ces résultats montrent l’intérêt, suivant l’altitude, de l’ombrage et du greffage pour la culture de C. arabica<br>The decline in production and the proliferation of diseases caused by climate change in coffee growing, especially for Coffea arabica, leads to search new cultural practices and to study the adaptive response of coffee trees to environmental changes. Based on the importance of phenolic compounds in the response of plants to stress and the richness of coffee in these antioxidant compounds, the adaptive response of coffee grown in the field was studied by looking at the evolution of the leaf content in these compounds under different culture conditions simulated by an altitudinal gradient, shaded cultures or obtaining grafted plants. Biochemical analyzes show that certain phenolic compounds accumulate in the leaves in response to the modification of a specific meteorological parameter. Thus, chlorogenic acids and flavanols are more accumulated in case of drought while glycosylated flavonols accumulate under strong solar radiation. The comparison with C. canephora validates these markers. Transcriptomic analyzes indicate a difference in expression of the biosynthesis genes of these compounds according to the stage of growth of the leaf. They also show that the response to light is the overexpression of many genes encoding HSPs as well as those involved in photosynthesis and flavonoid glycosylation. Finally, these results show the interest, according to altitude, of shading and grafting for the cultivation of C. arabica
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Maarri, Khalil al. "Micropropagation in vitro du pommier (M9), du poirier ("williams" et "passe crassane") et du cognassier de Provence : problèmes posés par l'état physiologique du matériel." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066057.
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Au cours du travail présenté dans ce mémoire, nous sommes parvenus à obtenir, de façon systématique, la micropropagation in vitro et l'acclimatation ex vitro non seulement des poiriers juvéniles issus de pépins de "passe crassane", mais aussi du cognassier de Provence et de deux cultivars de poirier, "williams" et "passe crassane". Les conditions de culture concernant les différentes phases de la micropropagation et l'acclimatation ont été étudiées. Plusieurs problèmes d'ordre physiologique (dormance des bourgeons in vitro, anomalie des pousses formées, nécrose des apex) ont pu être surmontés ou limités.
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Moura, Gisely Corrêa de. "Aspectos de manejo e cultivares de mirtilo: qualidade e produtividade." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1154.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-30<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, production and fruit quality of blueberry under different plant management. The parameters evaluated in Southern Brasil, were: nitrogen and sulfur dosages and pruning intensity. It was also corrield out a cultivar test to choose, the ones with better fruit quality in environmental conditions of Turin, northern Italy. Four experiments were conducted to reach the objectives: (1) the nitrogen influence, using ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 with 21% N2 and 23% sulfur as a nitrogen source, (2) influence of sulfur dosages (in grams per m3 of pots), (3) evaluation of intensity of pruning, and (4) evaluation of cultivars Aurora, Berkeley, Bluecrop, Bonifacy, Brigittablue, Draper, Duke, Emerald, group 'Northen highbush', and Gulfcoast, Jewel, Legacy, Liberty, Millenia, Misty, The ' Neal, Ozarkblue, Palmetto, Primadonna, Sebring, Snowchaser, SouthernBelle, Springhigh, Springwide, Star Group 'southern highbush'. The last experiment was conducted in Torino, Italy, during the 2011/2012 growth season. In all experiments the variables analyzed were production and fruit quality, achieved
through physical and chemical analysis, and the presence of phytochemicals in fruits. In the first two experiments, were also evaluated the minerals present in fruits. The conclusions were: the nitrogen applied on soil does not alter plant growth and productivity. Among the physico-chemical characteristics of fruits, only total acidity is changed according to the nitrogen dosages. Anthocyanins, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity are influenced by nitrogen. Fruit yield and plant growth were not altered with the sulfur application, in the first production year. Moreover, phenolic compounds exhibit quadratic response and the total acidity decreased influenced by the sulfur applications. In relation to the analysis of cultivars in Italy, Aurora, Draper, Bekeley, Bluecrop, Bonifacy, Brigitta, Legacy, Liberty, may be considered late in the conditions of Torino. The cultivar O'Neal has the most concentrated harvest. The cultivar Jewel is one of the best in respect to physico-chemical composition, but should be further investigated in respect to adaptability. Legacy and Palmetto have high levels of polyphenols, with good fruit size and appearance.<br>Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento, a produção e a qualidade das frutas de mirtileiros, sob diferentes formas de manejo de plantas. Os fatores avaliados foram: doses de nitrogênio, doses de enxofre e intensidades de poda. Além disso, foi avaliado, por meio de competição de cultivares, aquelas que apresentavam melhor qualidade de frutos, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Torino, norte da Itália. Para isso foram realizados quatro experimentos. (1) influência de doses de nitrogênio, utilizando como fonte o sulfato de amônio (NH4)2SO4 com 21% de N2 e 23% de enxofre; (2) influência de doses de enxofre em gramas por m3 de substrato; (3) avaliação da intensidade de poda; e (4) avaliação de cultivares Aurora, Berkeley, Bluecrop, Gulfcoast, Jewel, Legacy, Liberty, Millenia, Misty, O'Neal, Ozarkblue, Palmetto,Primadonna, Sebring, Snowchaser, Southernbelle, Springhigh, Springwide, StarItália, durante o ano de (2011/2012). Em todos os experimentos as variáveisresposta
foram produção e qualidade de frutos, alcançada por meio de análises físico-químicas e presença de fitoquímicos nos frutos. Nos dois primeiros experimentos foram avaliados, ainda, os mineirais presentes nos frutos. Conclui-se que: as doses de nitrogênio aplicadas no solo não alteram produtividade e crescimento de plantas. Dentre as características físicoquímicas dos frutos, apenas acidez total titulável é alterada pelas doses de nitrogênio. Antocianinas, compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante, são influenciadas pelas doses de nitrogênio. A produção de frutos e o crescimento de plantas, não foram alterados com as aplicações de enxofre, no primeiro ano de produção. Por outro lado, compostos fenólicos respondem de forma quadrática e a acidez total diminuiu, influenciada pelas aplicações de enxofre. Quanto à análises das cultivares na Italia, Aurora, Draper, Bekeley, Bluecrop, Bonifacy, Brigitta, Legacy, Liberty, podem ser consideradas tardias, nas condições de Torino. A cultivar O'Neal possui a colheita mais concentrada. A cultivar Jewel é uma das melhores com relação à composição físico-química,
mas deve ser melhor estudada com relação à adaptabilidade. Legacy e Palmetto apresentam elevados teores de polifenóis, com frutos de bom tamanho e aparência.
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Carpenedo, Silvia. "Produção e qualidade das frutas de diferentes cultivares de morangueiro." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1193.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-10<br>The work has the purpose to generate and provide technical information for
sustainable production of strawberry in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul, aimed to
improve the quality of strawberry produced and diversification of agricultural
ownership. The work was composed of four experiments, in which were evaluated:
experiment 1- agronomic seasonality of strawberry cultivars and nutraceutical quality
of fruits; 2- yield of strawberry cultivars Camarosa and Festival under different levels
of chemical fertilization in pre-planting; experiment 3- productive aspects of
strawberry cultivar submitted to environmental conditions of Pelotas-RS; experiment
4- sensory characterization of fresh strawberry; was performed the sensory
characterization of strawberry fruits of third experiment, which evaluated taste and
visual attributes of fruits. All the experiments were performed at field on covered beds
with black polyethylene film and low tunnel, except the fourth experiment, which was
conducted at laboratory technology and sensory analysis of foods at Embrapa Clima
Temperado. It was observed that the peak production for cultivars occurred in
November The Camarosa, Festival e Ventana cultivars were the most productive,
however, the cultivars Albion, Camino Real e Ventana reached higher rates of overall
quality in the sensory analysis<br>O trabalho teve como objetivo gerar e disponibilizar informações técnicas para a
produção sustentável de morangueiro na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, visando à
melhoria da qualidade do morango produzido e a diversificação da propriedade
agrícola. O trabalho foi composto por quatro experimentos, nos quais foram
avaliados: experimento 1- sazonalidade agronômica e fitoquímica de cultivares de
morangueiro; experimento 2- produtividade de morangueiro Camarosa e Festival sob
diferentes níveis de adubação química em pré-plantio; experimento 3- aspectos
produtivos de cultivares de morangueiro submetidas às condições edafoclimáticas
de Pelotas; experimento 4- caracterização sensorial de morangos frescos, através
de análise sensorial das frutas das cultivares estudadas no experimento 3, onde
foram avaliados atributos gustativos e visuais das frutas.Todos os experimentos
foram realizados a campo sobre canteiros cobertos com filme de polietileno preto e
túnel baixo, exceto o experimento 4 que foi realizado no Laboratório de Tecnologia e
Análise Sensorial de Alimentos da Embrapa Clima Temperado. Observou-se que o
pico de produção para as cultivares avaliadas ocorreu no mês de novembro. As
cultivares Camarosa, Festival e Ventana foram as mais produtivas, porém as
cultivares Albion, Camino Real e Ventana alcançaram índices superiores de
qualidade geral na análise sensorial.
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Ellili, Yosra. "Evaluation biophysique des services écosystémiques des sols cultivés - Adaptation de l’information pédologique pour la modélisation dynamique du fonctionnement des sols." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARD087.
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Les sols rendent de nombreux services écosystémiques essentiels au maintien de la vie planétaire. Toutefois, ils sont soumis à une pression croissante pour satisfaire les demandes d’une population croissante en matière de production alimentaire et énergétique. En vue d’une meilleure gestion, des outils d’aide à la décision intégrant la diversité des sols sont nécessaires pour évaluer l’impact des activités anthropiques sur l’évolution des sols. Cette thèse se focalise notamment sur le développement d’une méthodologie de mise à disposition de l’information pédologique contenue dans les bases de données existantes (1/250 000) par une approche de désagrégation spatiale en vue de l’évaluation de six services écosystémiques des sols cultivés.Le couplage des données locales, des données spatialisées avec une précision connue et de la modélisation dynamique permet en premier temps de produire des indicateurs de services écosystémiques des sols cultivés et en deuxième temps d’évaluer l’effet de la source de l’information pédologique sur les services écosystémiques instruits. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’apport de la cartographie numérique pour la production de l’information pédologique nécessaire à l’évaluation des services écosystémiques. Ils permettent également d’identifier les voix d’amélioration possibles pour proposer une voie hybride d’évaluation des services écosystémiques couplant la modélisation et les proxies. Il s’agit ainsi de promouvoir la prise en compte des sols dans des stratégies de gestion durable et de planification territoriale<br>Soils provide many ecosystem services essential to sustain human life and socio-economic development. However, soils are subjected to increasing pressure from current activities, including intensive land use to satisfy demands of a growing population for food and energy. To improve soil management, decision-support tools that consider soil diversity are required to assess impacts of human activities on soil dynamics. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a methodology to enhance existing pedological information (1: 250,000) using spatial disaggregation technique in order to estimate in space soil ecosystem services.By combining field observations, disaggregated soil data with known accuracy and dynamic modelling, six soil ecosystem services indicators were firstly assessed, to be then used to evaluate the sensitivity of estimated soil ecosystem services to the source of soil information. The main results highlight the contribution of digital mapping to produce relevant pedological information for assessing soil ecosystem services from cultivated soils. Future research must be performed to improve pedological information availability and soil ecosystem services assessment procedure by coupling dynamic coupling and proxies. Overall, this work emphasize the need to produce soils consideration in sustainable management strategies and territorial planning
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Loiola, Carina Mendes. "Comportamento de cultivares de coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.) em diferentes condições agroecológicas dos tabuleiros costeiros do nordeste brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2009. http://ri.ufs.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3109.
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Na exploração dos agroecossistemas com coqueiro no Brasil o emprego de cultivares melhoradas ainda é muito incipiente. Para o desenvolvimento sustentável desses agroecossitemas é necessário além de conhecer o comportamento, estimar parâmetros genéticos, como repetibilidade e correlações entre caracteres, para não só acelerar o melhoramento, mas também selecionar cultivares de coqueiro adaptadas às diversas regiões. Nesse sentido, o trabalho objetivou selecionar cultivares de coqueiro adaptadas aos tabuleiros costeiros do Nordeste. Os ensaios foram conduzidos pela Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros em Neópolis/SE (NEO) e Porto Seguro/BA (PSE), empregando as seguintes cultivares comuns: anão verde do Brasil de Jiqui (AVeBrJ) x gigante do Brasil de Jiqui (GBrJ), AVeBrJ x gigante do Brasil de Merepe (GBrMe), AVeBrJ x gigante do Brasil da Praia do Forte (GBrPF), AVeBrJ x gigante do Brasil de São José de Mipibu (GBrSJM) AVeBrJ x gigante do Oeste Africano (GOA), AVeBrJ x gigante da Polinésia (GPY), AVeBrJ x gigante de Rennell (GRL), AVeBrJ x gigante de Rotuma (GRT), AVeBrJ x gigante de Tonga (GTG) e anão verde do Brasil de Una (AVeBrU) x GOA. Além dessas cultivares, utilizou-se ainda em NEO o AVeBrJ x gigante de Vonuatu (GVT) e o GBrPF e em PSE o AVeBrJ, anão verde do Brasil da Ponta do Seixas (AVeBrPS) e AVeBrU. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso com 4 e 3 repetições e 16 e 8 plantas úteis por parcela em NEO e PSE, respectivamente. As avaliações foram realizadas entre 2005 a 2007 para os caracteres juvenis: comprimento da folha três (CF3), comprimento do pecíolo da folha três (CPF3), número de folíolos da folha três (NFoF3), comprimento do folíolo da folha três (CFoF3), números de folhas vivas (NFV), emitidas (NFE) e mortas (NFM), circunferência do coleto (CC), altura do estipe (AE) e início do florescimento (IFL). As análises de variância individual por local e conjunta foram feitas através do Sisvar, sendo as médias das cultivares comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a p0,05. Para as análises de repetibilidade (r) e correlações genética (rg) foi utilizado o programa genes. Não houve interação cultivar x local para qualquer característica, indicando um comportamento semelhante das cultivares nos dois locais. Existe variabilidade genética entre as cultivares para NFV, NFM, NFE, CF3, CPF3, NFoF3 e CFoF3 em NEO e CC, CF3 e CFoF3 em PSE. Em NEO os híbridos além do florescimento precoce, apresentam maiores NFV e NFE que o gigante. Todos os híbridos foram superiores em NEO em relação a PSE para NFV, NFM, CF3, CPF3 e CFoF3. O componente principal - covariância por estimar valores mais altos, é o melhor método para determinar a r de caracteres morfológico vegetativo em cultivares de coqueiro. Por esse método, as estimativas do número de avaliações necessárias variam de quatro a nove com precisão de 85% para NFM e CF3, duas a cinco com precisão de 90% e 95% para NFV, NFE e CC e uma com precisão de 99% para CF3, CPF3, NFoF3 e CFoF3 em NEO e PSE. As rg foram significativas e positivas para CF3 x CPF3, CF3 x CFoF3, NFVx NFE, NFV x NFoF3, NFE x NFoF3, CF3 x NFoF3, NFM x NFoF3, CC x CFoF3, CPF3 x CFoF3, NFV x CF3, AE x NFoF3, CC x CPF3, AE x CFoF3, AE x CPF3, CC x CF3 e CPF3 x CFoF3 e negativas para NFE x CC, AEx CC, NFM x AE, NFV x CC, NFM x CPF3, NFM x CF3 e NFM x CFoF3.
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Muller, Marie-Hélène. "Flux de gènes et domestication : l'histoire évolutive d'un complexe sauvage-cultivé. Approches expérimentale et théorique chez la luzerne pérenne (Medicago sativa L. )." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20006.
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Kaczmarek, Thomas. "Reconstruire et prédire les dynamiques évolutives du fonio (Digitaria exilis, Digitaria iburua) : domestication, diversité cultivée et potentiel adaptatif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMONG025.
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La diversité des plantes cultivées et des savoirs associés représente une solution précieuse pour le développement de systèmes robustes et résilients face à l’accélération des crises socio-écologiques. En Afrique de l’Ouest, les paysans et paysannes cultivent de nombreuses variétés et espèces traditionnelles, dont deux espèces communément appelées fonio (Digitaria exilis, Digitaria iburua). Malgré l’importance reconnue aux fonios pour leurs propriétés agronomiques et nutritionnelles, ces céréales n’ont reçu qu’une attention limitée de la part de la recherche mondiale. Dans cette thèse, ces deux cultures sont considérées d’un point de vue évolutif, de la reconstruction des dynamiques liées à leur domestication, à la prédiction de l’évolution temporelle et spatiale de leur diversité nécessaire à leur adaptation future au changement climatique. Dans le chapitre 1, nous étudions les relations génétiques et évolutives entre les espèces cultivées et leurs apparentés sauvages avec le reséquençage de génomes complets. La combinaison d’approches génomiques permet d’affirmer l’indépendance des domestications de chacune des espèces. Dans le chapitre 2, l’analyse de 1539 accessions de D. exilis génotypées avec des marqueurs microsatellites nous permet de produire pour la première fois une image complète de la structure génétique du fonio sur l’ensemble de son aire de répartition. Les données passeport ont été rassemblées pour constituer la plus grande collection internationale de ressources génétiques du fonio. Celle-ci est dorénavant accessible via une application Shiny qui permet d’explorer le profil génétique des populations de fonio en lien avec la géographie. Ce travail est le socle sur lequel l’échantillonnage du dernier chapitre repose pour étudier la vulnérabilité des ressources génétiques du fonio aux évolutions climatiques. A l’aide de modélisations prospectives de la diversité génomique et des données issues d’un essai expérimental, nous avons identifié les zones et populations les plus vulnérables, puis proposé des stratégies de migrations assistées pouvant atténuer les impacts négatifs du changement climatique. Enfin, en plus de l’acquisition de connaissances fondamentales, cette thèse souligne l’importance et la nécessité de développer des collaborations multi-spatiales et multi-échelles, dans un cadre pluridisciplinaire, dans le but de conserver et de valoriser la diversité des espèces traditionnelles<br>Crop diversity and associated knowledge represent a valuable solution for developing robust and resilient systems in the face of accelerating socio-ecological crises. In West Africa, farmers grow many traditional varieties and species, including two species commonly known as fonio (Digitaria exilis, Digitaria iburua). Despite the recognised importance of fonio species for their agronomic and nutritional properties, these cereals have received little attention from mainstream research. This thesis examines these two crops from an evolutionary point of view, from reconstructing the dynamics associated with their domestication, to predicting the temporal and spatial evolution of the diversity necessary for adaptation to climate change. In Chapter 1, we investigate the genetic and evolutionary relationships between cultivated species and their wild relatives with whole genome resequencing of individuals. The combination of genomic approaches has enabled us to establish the independence of the domestication of each species. In Chapter 2, the analysis of 1539 D. exilis accessions genotyped with microsatellite markers allows us, for the first time, to obtain a complete picture of the fonio genetic structure across its cultivation area. The passport data have been compiled to create the largest international collection of fonio genetic resources. It can now be accessed via a Shiny application that allows users to explore the genetic profile of fonio populations in relation to geography. This work allowed us to design an appropriate sampling strategy for the final chapter which focus on the vulnerability of fonio genetic resources to climate change. By modelling future genomic diversity and conducting an experimental trial, we have identified the most vulnerable areas and populations, and then proposed assisted migration strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. Finally, in addition to the acquisition of essential knowledge, this thesis highlights the importance and necessity of developing multi-spatial and multi-scale collaborations within a multi disciplinary framework, in order to conserve and make an effective use of the diversity of traditional species
Books on the topic "Cultivar adaptation"
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Wheat cultivars in India: Names, pedigrees, origins, and adaptations. Directorate of Wheat Research, 1994.
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Ahmed, Hafiz Uddin. Pathogenic variability and adaptation of Septoria tritici to different wheat cultivars. 1993.
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Chen, Chengci. Comparisons of changes in the osmotic potential and apoplast water volume caused by water stress in four cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cultivar adaptation"
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Melton, Bill, Jim B. Moutray, and Joe H. Bouton. "Geographic Adaptation and Cultivar Selection." In Agronomy Monographs. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr29.c20.
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Das, Priyanka, Rajeev N. Bahuguna, Rohit Joshi, Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek, and Ashwani Pareek. "In search of mutants for gene discovery and functional genomics for multiple stress tolerance in rice." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0045.
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Abstract Mutation breeding is a commanding tool, which has been adapted to generate altered genetic material to study functional genomics, including understanding the molecular basis of stress tolerance. Hitherto, several rice lines have been generated through mutagenesis and the mutated genes responsible for the 'gain of function' in terms of plant architecture, stress tolerance, disease resistance and grain quality have been characterized. Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64 is a high-yielding rice cultivar but sensitive to abiotic stresses such as acute temperatures, salinity and drought. In this study, a population of rice IR64 mutants was generated using gamma irradiation. The population was then subjected to a preliminary phenotypic screening under abiotic stresses such as heat and salinity at the seedling stage. On the basis of root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll measurements, we identified eight 'gain-of-function' mutant lines and used them for further biochemical and molecular characterization. Phenotyping results demonstrated that the identified mutant plants have gained the potential to thrive under heat and salinity conditions. This information would be of wide scientific interest and helpful for developing novel cultivars able to maintain yield in saline, hot and dry areas.
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Sofkova-Bobcheva, Svetla, Ivelin Pantchev, Ivan Kiryakov, et al. "Induced mutagenesis for improvement of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Bulgaria." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0018.
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Abstract Although historically a surplus food producer, Bulgarian agriculture has faced a downturn in recent decades. Local legume cultivars have lost favour with farmers and the canning industry, due to their low productivity in comparison with imported ones. Diseases and abiotic stresses are the most important factors limiting the production of edible legumes, costing farmers hundreds of euros in lost revenue each year. The overall objective of our ongoing bean mutation breeding programme was to enrich the gene pool of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and to develop genotypes resistant to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) (Xap) and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Burkh.) (Psp) using EMS. An elite line and common cultivar (an heirloom and a snap bean type) in Bulgaria, were selected as parents and the chemical mutagen EMS was used for generating mutations. In total, 1000 seeds were treated and the two generated M1 populations were grown in the field. All M<sub>2</sub> mutant plants (1650 from initial line IP564 and 2420 from initial cultivar 'Mastilen 11b') were grown in field conditions and a number of phenotypic changes were observed on these mutated plants. They were also screened for Xap disease resistance via leaf artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Individual plant selection was performed for the putatively resistant M<sub>2</sub> plants. In the M<sub>3</sub> generation these lines were screened using artificial inoculation with Xap and Psp pathogens (leaves and pods) under field conditions. Selected M<sub>3</sub>-M<sub>4</sub> lines with confirmed disease resistance were tested for fresh pod quality. Yield tests were started in M<sub>4</sub> and M<sub>5</sub> generations and, according to their productivity performance, mutants were advanced to the M<sub>6</sub>/M<sub>7</sub> generation for validation. The expression patterns of genes putatively involved in the resistance reactions towards two races of Psp were determined using qRT-PCR for the specific and reference genes. In conclusion, 50 plants with visible morphological changes and/or increased tolerance to the two targeted bacterial diseases were selected. A total of 20 advanced mutant bean lines are currently being evaluated for their competitiveness in multiple sites.
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Takimoto, Takahiro, Yuji Masutomi, and Makoto Tamura. "Impact Assessment and Adaptation Simulation for Chalky Rice Grain in the Cultivar ‘Koshihikari’ in Japan Using Large Ensemble Climate Projection Data Sets." In Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9235-1_2.
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Zhou, Chen-guang, Yuan-yuan Tan, Sophia Gossner, You-fa Li, Qing-yao Shu, and Karl-Heinz Engel. "Impact of cross-breeding on the metabolites of the low phytic acid rice mutant Os-lpa-MH86-1." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0044.
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Abstract Phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate), the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals, is considered as an antinutrient in food and feed. During the past few years, various cereals have been subjected to mutation breeding for generating low phytic acid (lpa) crops. Recently, it was demonstrated that reduction of phytic acid in the rice mutant Os-lpa-MH86-1 obtained by gamma irradiation was due to a disruption of OsSULTR3;3, an orthologue of the sulfate transporter family group 3 genes. The application of a GC/MS-based metabolite profiling approach revealed that the reduction of phytic acid was accompanied by changes in concentrations of metabolites from different classes in the Os-lpa-MH86-1 mutant.Lpa mutant lines often exhibit lower grain yield and seed viability compared with their wild-type parents. To improve the agronomic performance of the Os-lpa-MH86-1 mutant, cross-breeding with a commercial cultivar was performed. The resulting progenies were genotyped using molecular markers to identify homozygous wildtype and lpa mutants from generations F4 to F7. The objectives of this study were: (i) to observe the consistent metabolic changes in Os-lpa-MH86-1 lpa mutants by following their composition over several independent field trials; (ii) to investigate the impact of cross-breeding on the phytic acid content and the metabolic phenotype of the homozygous lpa mutant; and (iii) to assess the stability of the mutation-specific metabolite signature in the lpa progenies over several generations. Statistical assessment of the data via multivariate and univariate approaches demonstrated that the lpa trait and the mutation-induced metabolite signature in the lpa progenies were comparable to the progenitor Os-lpa-MH86-1 mutant and consistently expressed over generations. These findings extend the basis for implementing mutation breeding in the generation of lpa rice cultivars.
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Guo, Hui-jun, Yong-dun Xie, Lin-shu Zhao, et al. "Progress of mutant resource development and tilling on starch biosynthesis in wheat." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0028.
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Abstract Induced mutations have been widely utilized for the development of plant mutant germplasm and varieties since 1927 and have contributed to genetic diversity enhancement and food security in the world. Mutant resources are essential for gene identification and functional characterization by forward and reverse genetic strategies. The publishing of annotated wheat reference genomes is greatly promoting the progress of wheat functional genomic research. Mutant resources of a broad spectrum and diversified wild- types will be the prerequisites in this process, in part due to the polyploid nature of wheat. This review describes the progress of mutant resource development derived from the winter wheat cultivar 'Jing411'. The segregating M<sub>2</sub> population has been used for mining functional mutant alleles of key genes involved in starch biosynthesis and could be further used for allele mining of any other target genes. The morphological mutant resources developed from various mutagens have been, and are going to be, used to develop genetic populations for gene mapping and the genetic analysis of biological functions.
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Sevanthi, Amitha Mithra V., Prashant Kale, Chandra Prakash, et al. "National repository of EMS induced mutants of an upland rice cultivar Nagina 22: progress update on characterization and utilization." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0030.
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Abstract The Indian initiative for creating mutant resources in rice has generated 87,000 mutants in the background of a popular drought- and heat-tolerant upland cultivar, Nagina 22 (N22), through EMS mutagenesis. So far, 541 macro-mutants from this resource have been identified, maintained in the mutant garden and characterized in detail based on 44 descriptors pertaining to distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of rice and other agronomic parameters. The similarity index of the mutants was more than 0.6 for nearly 90% of the mutants with respect to DUS descriptors, further establishing the validity of the mutants. The available high-quality sequence resource of N22 has been improved by reducing the gaps by 0.02% in the coding sequence (CDS) region. This was made possible using the newly synthesized whole-genome data of N22 which helped to remove 9006 'Ns' and replace 12,746 existing nucleotides with the accurate ones. These sequence and morphological details have been updated in the mutant database 'EMSgardeN22'. Further, 1058 mutants have been identified for low-P tolerance, tolerance to sheath blight, blast, drought, heat, higher photosynthetic efficiency and agronomic and root traits from this resource. A novel herbicide-tolerant (imazethapyr) mutant earlier identified and characterized from this resource is now being used in introgressing the herbicide-tolerant trait in eight major rice varieties in India. Further, robust and simpler screening systems have been tested for studying low-P tolerance of the mutants. A grain-size mutant, heat-tolerant mutant, drought-tolerant mutant, stay-green mutant and low-P tolerant and water-use efficient high-root-volume mutants have been characterized at morphological and molecular levels. A brief account of all these mutants, the entire mutant resource and the elaborate trait-based screenings is presented in this chapter.
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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Clive Kaiser. "Sweet cherry rootstocks." In Sweet cherries. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0066.
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Abstract All commercial sweet cherry trees are either budded or grafted. This chapter deals with sweet cherry rootstocks. Rootstocks are used for several purposes: (i) ease for propagating and producing more trees of a superior cultivar; (ii) better adaptation to particular soil or site characteristics; and (iii) the potential improvement of production due to additional traits like precocious flowering, higher productivity, and greater or reduced scion vigor as appropriate. Unfortunately, no one rootstock can satisfy all the requirements for consistently producing high yields of large, firm fruit of premium quality. Growers are advised to consider carefully the effects of each specific scion-rootstock combination as a function of environmental and cultural practices when replanting an orchard. Selecting the proper rootstock depends not only on the management skills of the grower, but also on the scion cultivar, training system, and site climate and soil selected for the orchard. Dwarfing, semi-dwarfing and even semi-vigorous rootstocks have major economic advantages over full-size rootstocks. The development of these new, precocious rootstocks has been almost as significant to the sweet cherry industry as to the apple industry several decades ago. When compared to Mazzard, Colt and even Mahaleb, size-controlling rootstocks have allowed sweet cherry growers an opportunity to plant high density, pedestrian orchards that become profitable more quickly, are more readily protected with orchard covering systems, and promote greater labor efficiency, easier management, and a safer and more productive work environment.
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Jegadeesan, Souframanien, and Kandali Sreenivasulu Reddy. "Radiation-induced mutations in genetic enhancement and development of new crop varieties in black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0031.
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Abstract Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), popularly known as urdbean or mash or black gram, is a grain legume rich in protein (25-28%), widely cultivated in the Indian subcontinent and to a lesser extent in Thailand, Australia and other Asian and South Pacific countries. Genetic improvement in this crop is hindered due to the narrow genetic base. As genetic variability is a prerequisite for any crop improvement programme, induced mutations provide an important source for generating variability. Radiation (gamma, X-rays and neutron) induced mutants were identified for various morphological and biochemical traits, creating a pool of genetic variability. These mutants were used in a cross-breeding programme to develop high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties in black gram. The effective blend of mutation and recombination breeding at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre has resulted in the release of five black gram varieties (TAU-1, TAU-2, TPU-4, TU94-2 and TU-40) by incorporating desirable traits like large seed, wider adaptability, resistance to disease and improved quality. These varieties have been developed from mutants directly or by using them in cross-breeding programmes. For example, a black gram variety, N0.55, was irradiated with gamma-rays and electron beams to obtain a large number of mutants. The large-seed mutants, UM-196 and UM-201, were used in cross-breeding with the elite cultivar T-9 for developing the high-yielding varieties TAU-1, TAU-2, TPU-4, TU94-2 and TU-40. TAU-1 has become the most popular variety in Maharashtra state, occupying the maximum area under black gram cultivation. Induced mutations will continue to play an increasing role in generating genetic variability for various traits as a major component of environmentally sustainable agriculture.
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Karunananda, Dayani, Ramya Ranathunga, and Wathsala Abeysinghe. "60Co gamma irradiation-induced mutation in vegetatively propagated Philodendron erubescens 'Gold'." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0040.
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Abstract Philodendron erubescens 'Gold', an ornamental plant and a popular climber with brilliant greenish yellow leaves, is used in indoor gardening and landscaping. It is commonly propagated through vegetative cuttings, thus incorporation of new traits through conventional breeding is impracticable. As commercial floriculture always demands novel varieties, this study was carried out to induce mutation in P. erubescens 'Gold' leaves using gamma- ray irradiation. Rooted cuttings (n = 200) of P. erubescens 'Gold' were subjected to 70 Gy, 100 Gy and 150 Gy gamma-rays and recovered on a propagator. Surviving shoots were transferred to pots. Regenerated shoots were multiplied vegetatively and ten M<sub>1</sub> lines were maintained as M1-1 to M1-10 for 12 generations (M<sub>1</sub>V<sub>12</sub>) to evaluate growth and morphological variations along with their genetic stability. Of all 70 Gy and 100 Gy treated cuttings, 24 and two, respectively, survived after 6 months. Most of the irradiated plants had lost regeneration ability except for two M<sub>1</sub> plants, which also showed comparatively reduced growth (one leaf in 45 days). Only one regenerated M<sub>1</sub> plant showed morphological variation in its leaves and it was multiplied and maintained as lines. Several variations, including characteristics of leaves (shape, size, colour), stems (internodal length and branching) and plant stature, were observed among M<sub>1</sub> lines and in subsequent vegetative generations. Leaves had three different colour patches, but neither the colour nor its distribution pattern was uniform or stable. The M1-4 line showed the highest stability of colour distribution in leaves; the colour composition of its leaves ranged as 0-10% dark bluish green, 60-90% strong yellow green and 10-30% brilliant greenish yellow throughout the 12 generations. This study demonstrates that gamma irradiated P. erubescens 'Gold' line M1-4 can be a promising mutant to develop as a new Philodendron cultivar.
Conference papers on the topic "Cultivar adaptation"
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Atmaca, Evren. "Registration of “Çi̇ftçi̇” chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) variety." In VIIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, 2024. https://doi.org/10.53040/gppb8.2024.81.
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The most limiting factor for the spread of our registered chickpea varieties in chickpea production areas of Turkey is the unsuitability of the varieties for mechanized harvesting and their susceptibility to Ascochyta rabie disease. Upright growth form, first pod height and tolerance to Ascochyta rabie are among the important selection criteria in chickpea breeding programs. “Çiftçi” which is a chickpea cultivar bred in National plant breeding studies carried out in our country with the aim listed above is a result of cross Flip 97-122c and Flip 91 and 91149C/Flip 86-110C from the different nurseries in 2004 and was chosen as the seventh plant of the segregating population at F5 generation by bulk method. The line of Flip 97-122C// Flip 91149C/Flip 86-110C was taken to plant-to-progeny rows in 2010, was checked in preliminary yield trials between 2011 and 2015, and finally was evaluated according to multi-location advanced yield trials. “Çiftçi” cultivar with good characteristics such as tolerance to Ascochyta rabie, high yield capacity and a broad adaptation capability was registered to fix some problems in chickpea cultivation areas in 2021. Elite seed production of “Çiftçi” cultivar has been processed at Transitional Zone Agriculture Research Institute since 2021.
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Kondic Špika, Ankica, Dragana Trkulja, Sanja Mikic, and Ljiljana Brbaklic. "COMPARISON OF AGRONOMICAL PERFORMANCE OF SERBIAN WHEAT CULTIVARS AND NILs WITH DIFFERENT PPD ALLELES." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. Agronomski fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.025ks.
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Photoperiod response (Ppd) genes are very important for adaptation of wheat to different agro-climatic conditions, but also have influence on crop yield. The aim of this study was to compare agronomic traits of 10 Serbian wheat cultivars and 54 NILs of cv. Paragon with single, double and triple doses of Ppd-1 alleles. The results showed that the NILs with introgressed single early Ppd-1 alleles (Set 2), as well as the NILs with introgressed Ppd-1 null alleles, knock-outs and late alleles (Set 4) had significantly longer stems and spikes then Serbian cultivars (Set 1). The lines with introgressed double early Ppd-1 alleles (Set 3) were very similar to the Serbian cultivars. Some promising lines with good potential for breeding programs were identified
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"Adapting to climate change precisely through cultivars renewal for rice production across China: When, where. And what cultivars will be required?" In Climate Change and Food System – Synergies of Adaptation and Mitigation, and Climate Information for Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Agriculture. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56669/sndn1465.
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Марко, Н. В., И. В. Митрофанова, О. В. Митрофанова, Е. А. Пищенко, Н. П. Лесникова-Седошенко, and В. П. Ополинский. "ADAPTATION OF PLANTS IN SOME AROMATIC ROSE CULTIVARS OBTAINED BY BIOTECHNOLOGY METHODS." In Материалы I Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Геномика и современные биотехнологии в размножении, селекции и сохранении растений». Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47882/genbio.2020.38.26.041.
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OHRIMENCO (BOȚAN),, Aliona. "The importance of emotions in educational activities." In Ştiință și educație: noi abordări și perspective. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.v2.24-25-03-2023.p206-210.
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Today we are faced with conflicts that arise between children of different ages and in different circumstances: at school, in kindergarten, in the yard, at home. This is because children are not educated enough about managing their emotions. Psychologists claim that emotions can influence the management of effective communication, of conflict, but can also create positive and motivational situations of learning in the educational environment. The article reflects useful activities and tools for recognition and emotional regulation to children, in order to promote positive education and cultivate relationships of respect and adaptation to the needs of others.
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Kara, Karima, Malika Rached-Kanouni, and Alia Zerrouki. "CHARACTERISATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SOME BREAD WHEAT GROWN IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT IN ALGERIA USING SSR MARKERS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.08.
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The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and thus in the selection of new cultivars. The present investigation aimed to assess genetic variability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Algeria. The 17 hexaploid genotypes of bread wheat were assessed using 16 molecular microsatellites of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat). Among the 16 microsatellite markers tested, only 11 markers were the most polymorphic and reproducible. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values per locus varied from 0.14 to 0.70 with an average of 0.48 and 0.49. Genetic similarity between genotypes varied from 0.27 and 0.92 with an average of 0.60. The highest genetic distance value of 0.92 has been scored between Kauz/Pastor/Fiscal and Wbll1*2/Brambling. The lowest value of 0.27 scored between Cham6 and Pastor/Wbll1. Genetic similarity calculated from molecular data and used to produce a dendrogram. The genotypes involved were divided into two clear groups according to their origin and pedigree. The first cluster included wheat genotypes Ain Abid (local genotypes), Attila/2 Pastor, and 5119 (introduced genotypes). The second group revealed high polymorphism and subdivided into four sub-groups. The high diversity revealed among the wheat accessions grown in Algeria is likely to be used in genetic improvement programmes.
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Abdullayeva, Afsana, Agil Hasanov, Farman Abdullayev, Chinara Rzayeva, and Javid Ojaghi. "Evaluation of the Tea Accessions in the Lankaran-Astara Region of Azerbaijan Republic Based on Morphological Traits." In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.28.
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Based on diversity of available plant genetic resource, plant breeders can create new and improved cultivars with desirable qualities, including those favored by both farmers and breeders. However, to address upcoming global concerns relating to food and nutritional security, preserved plant genetic resources must be applied to crop enhancement. Therefore, the identification of untapped sources of genetic diversity that may be crucial for adaptation to various biotic and abiotic stresses would be made possible by the genetic and morpho-phenological characterization of landraces. In this study we evaluated 10 tea accessions by some morphological traits like number and weight of tender shoots, number and weight of normal buds, number of total leaf buds, leaf length, bush height, bush diameter, intermodal length, number of total leaves in bush and yield per bush. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant differentiation among the 10 tea genotypes in all morphological traits assessed. There was a positive and significant correlation between bush yield with number and weight of tender shoots, number and weight of normal buds, number of total leaf buds, leaf length and bush height. Dendrogram formed through cluster analysis based on agro-morphological traits divided the 10 tea accessions into four main clusters. All studied tea accessions evaluated through principal component analysis were grouped into different clusters with more morphological similarities among accessions within cluster. The distribution plant genotypes into different groups revealed that the genetic diversity existed among these accessions. These findings might be a valuable resource for efforts involving breeding, preservation, and further characterization in Azerbaijan tea accessions.
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Carvalho, Kaio Pereira, Ana Cecilya Ferreira Andrade, Phelipe Souza Amorim, Fernanda De Souza Santos, and Demerson Arruda Sanglard. "PESQUISAS COM PLANTAS DE REGIÕES DESÉRTICAS: SUBSÍDIO AO MELHORAMENTO GENÉTICO DE CULTIVOS AGRÍCOLAS FRENTE ÀS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/29.
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Introdução: No clima em mudança atual, é essencial melhorar a produção e a tolerância das culturas sob condições secas e pobres em nutrientes. As plantas do deserto evoluíram naturalmente para florescer sob tais condições. Portanto, entender os mecanismos subjacentes à sua adaptação, pode ajudar a garantir a segurança alimentar. Objetivos: Realizar levantamentos sobre as estratégias de pesquisas relacionadas a plantas prevalentes sob condições desérticas, bem como suas possíveis contribuições ao melhoramento de cultivos agrícolas. Material e métodos: Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico sobre atividades de pesquisa do tema, envolvendo publicações de artigos de alto impacto. Resultados: As principais metodologias para aproveitamento de recursos genéticos, em continuidade temporal (magnitude de anos), referem-se a medições de parâmetros meteorológicos; amostragens representativas (diferentes localidades variando em níveis de solos, salinidades, altitudes, espécies, etc); sequenciamento de DNAs dos solos (Metagenômica); análises de RNAs vegetais (RT-qPCR e Transcriptoma Assembly); reconstruções filogenéticas e ortológicas; análises de PSG (Positively Selected Genes) ou Genes Positivamente Selecionados; análises de sobrerrepresentação GO (Orthologous Genes) ou Genes Ortólogos, frente a plantas modelo. As descobertas quanto aos mecanismos adaptativos, envolvendo centenas de espécies vegetais, relacionam-se principalmente: (i) Mutações em importantes genes relacionados à captação de luz solar e fotossíntese (sob radiação extrema), além de outras voltadas para tolerância aos estresses hídrico, salino e capacidade de desintoxicação. Os genes mais expressos em plantas prelaventes no deserto do Atacama (Chile), por exemplo, estão envolvidos no estresse, na produção de energia e no metabolismo do nitrogênio. (ii) Muitas espécies de plantas têm a capacidade de proporcionar microbiomas de solo diferenciados ao redor de suas raízes, de forma a otimizar a absorção de nitrogênio, elemento muito escasso em locais áridos. Conclusão: Com base em comparações ortológicas e filogenéticas, constata-se que algumas plantas encontradas em regiões desérticas estão intimamente relacionadas a culturas básicas (grãos, legumes e batatas). Por conseguinte, os PSGs candidatos constituem promissores "reservatórios moleculares" que, com o avanço das TIMP's (Técnicas Inovadoras de Melhoramento de Precisão), fornecem os subsídios para o desenvolvimento de cultivos agrícolas mais resilientes às mudanças climáticas.
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Dobri, Mirona Letitia, Alina-Ioana Voinea, Constantin Marcu, Eva Maria Elkan, Ionuț-Dragoș Rădulescu, and Petronela Nechita. "MINDFULNESS: A PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC METHOD OF ACCEPTANCE AND CENTERING OF THE MENTAL FRAMEWORK." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.29.
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Mindfulness as a term comes from Buddhist traditions, translating as awareness, concentration or remembrance. Western neuroscientists define mindfulness practices as a combination of emotional and attentional training regimes that help cultivate physical and psychological well-being and improve emotional regulation while noting neurobiological changes in the brain. The formal introduction of oriental ways of thinking into western philosophy, psychology and medicine happened decades ago, generating a large spectrum of discussions and scientific works concerning the therapeutic applications of mindfulness practice. Basing our presentation on a thorough study of scientific papers, we propose a synthesis of the theoretical aspects related to mindfulness and a new perspective regarding its applications in clinical psychiatric care. The modern occidental approaches of the practice are adapted into methods used in cognitive therapy based on mindfulness. The benefits of formal practice proven from the neurological perspective are the result of a less reactive autonomic nervous system. Regulation of attention, body awareness, regulation of emotions, increased capacity of adaptation is just a few of the mechanisms involved. Therefore, it is integrated into western psychotherapy as an adjunctive or alternative method of treatment for several psychiatric disorders among which are depression, anxiety, substance use, smoking cessation, insomnia. In conclusion, mindfulness has shown to have great promise in clinical application, and the hope is to be used in the future with the purpose of improving mental and physical wellbeing and quality of life.
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Rocha, Mateus Aparecido Gonçalves Da, and Jonas Contiero. "PRODUÇÃO DE RAMNOLIPÍDIOS POR PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSAS USANDO COMO FONTE DE CARBONO ÓLEO DE FRITURA E GLICEROL BRUTO." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/19.
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Introdução: Os surfactantes são moléculas que apresentam, em sua estrutura, tanto partes hidrofóbicas quanto hidrofílicas, garantindo assim inúmeras aplicações. Porém, não são consideradas amigáveis ao meio ambiente e sua origem normalmente envolve compostos petroquímicos. Em contrapartida, os biossurfactantes podem ser produzidos por microrganismos apresentando as mesmas propriedades químicas que os surfactantes sintéticos, assim como outras vantagens, como, a baixa toxicidade, biodegradabilidade e alta estabilidade. Mesmo com essas vantagens, os biotensoativos não são produzidos em larga escala na indústria, devido ao alto custo de produção. Com objetivo de solucionar esse problema, estudos são realizados voltados a otimização do cultivo, no uso de substratos de menor custos, de cepas mutantes e melhorias no processo. Objetivos: O presente trabalhou procurou enfatizar o uso de substratos proporcionados pela agroindústria, o que pode diminuir o custo final do biossurfactante. Material e métodos: Os substratos utilizados foram o óleo de fritura e o glicerol bruto, sendo a Pseudomonas aeruginosa MPAO1 o microrganismo usado para esse estudo, a qual é produtora de um tipo de biossurfactante conhecido como ramnolipídio. O experimento foi realizado em 144 horas, com 5 ml das amostras retirados a cada 24h para processamento, como a retirada da biomassa e extração do biossurfactante a partir de acetato de etila na proporção 2,5:1. Ao final do experimento, as amostras foram derivatizadas e analisadas no HPLC. Resultados: O óleo de fritura teve sua produção máxima de ramnolipídios em 144 horas, com a concentração de 2,01 g/l, enquanto o glicerol bruto teve sua produção máxima no primeiro dia (24h), com a concentração de 0,036 g/l. Com os resultados, pode-se concluir que o óleo de fritura tem uma produção maior e mais rápida de ramnolipídios do que o glicerol bruto. Conclusão: Também se pode inferir que há necesidade de estudos com evolução adaptativa em relação a essa cepa uma vez que a mesma tem se mostrado excelente produtora em substratos hidrofílicos como glicose.
Reports on the topic "Cultivar adaptation"
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Abbott, Albert G., Doron Holland, Douglas Bielenberg, and Gregory Reighard. Structural and Functional Genomic Approaches for Marking and Identifying Genes that Control Chilling Requirement in Apricot and Peach Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591742.bard.
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Structural and functional genomic approaches for marking and identifying genes that control chilling requirement in apricot and peach trees. Specific aims: 1) Identify and characterize the genetic nature of chilling requirement for flowering and dormancy break of vegetative shoots in Prunusgermplasm through the utilization of existing apricot (NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (Clemson University) genetic mapping populations; 2) Use molecular genetic mapping techniques to identify markers flanking genomic regions controlling chilling; 3) Comparatively map the regions controlling chilling requirement in apricot and peach and locate important genomic regions influencing chilling requirement on the Prunus functional genomic database as an initial step for identification of candidate genes; 4) Develop from the functional genomics database a set of markers facilitating the development of cultivars with optimized chilling requirements for improved and sustained fruit production in warm-winter environments. Dormant apricot (prunus armeniaca L.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees require sustained exposure to low, near freezing, temperatures before vigorous floral and vegetative bud break is possible after the resumption of warm temperatures in the spring. The duration of chilling required (the chilling requirement, CR) is determined by the climatic adaptation of the particular cultivar, thus limiting its geographic distribution. This limitation is particularly evident when attempting to introduce superior cultivars to regions with very warm winter temperatures, such as Israel and the coastal southern United States. The physiological mechanism of CR is not understood and although breeding programs deliberately manipulate CR in apricot and peach crosses, robust closely associated markers to the trait are currently not available. We used segregating populations of apricot (100 Fl individuals, NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (378 F2 individuals, Clemson University) to discover several discreet genomic loci that regulate CR and blooming date. We used the extensive genomic/genetic resources available for Prunus to successfully combine our apricot and peach genetic data and identify five QTL with strong effects that are conserved between species as well as several QTL that are unique to each species. We have identified markers in the key major QTL regions for testing in breeding programs which we are carrying out currently; we have identified an initial set of candidate genes using the peach physical/transcriptome map and whole peach genome sequences and we are testing these currently to identify key target genes for manipulation in breeding programs. Our collaborative work to date has demonstrated the following: 1) CR in peach and apricot is predominantly controlled by a limited number ofQTL loci, seven detected in a peach F2 derived map comprising 65% of the character and 12 in an apricot Fl map comprising 71.6% and 55.6% of the trait in the Perfection and A. 1740 parental maps, respectively and that peach and apricot appear in our initial maps to share five genomic intervals containing potentially common QTL. 2) Application of common anchor markers of the Prunus/peach, physical/genetic map resources has allowed us not only to identify the shared intervals but also to have immediately available some putative candidate gene information from these intervals, the EVG region on LG1 in peach the TALY 1 region in apricot on LG2 in peach; and several others involved in vernalization pathways (LGI and LG7). 3) Mapped BACcontigs are easily defined from the complete physical map resources in peach through the common SSR markers that anchor our CR maps in the two species, 4) Sequences of BACs in these regions can be easily mined for additional polymorphic markers to use in MAS applications.
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Baca, Aurelia, Joel Larsen, Emrys Treasure, Michael Gavazzi, and Nathan Walker. Drought Impacts in the Southern Region: A synopsis of presentations and ideas from the Drought Adaptation Workshop in Region 8, January 2017, Atlanta, GA. United States. Department of Agriculture, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7280913.ch.
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The USDA Forest Service hosted a two-day drought adaptation workshop in Atlanta, Georgia in January 2017 to share state-of-science information on drought and climate effects in the region and to develop management response strategies. The workshop was attended by regional experts from the Forest Service Southern Region, Southern Research Station, and Office of Sustainability and Climate; the USDA Southeast Regional Climate Hub; and state and federal climate offices. They met to address challenges, cultivate opportunities, and develop and expand the collective understanding of the most effective management strategies to adapt to and mitigate the effects of drought in the region. The workshop focused on the effects of, and management responses to drought in forest, riparian, and aquatic ecosystems. This fact sheet is a synopsis of the workshop.
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Abbo, Shahal, Hongbin Zhang, Clarice Coyne, Amir Sherman, Dan Shtienberg, and George J. Vandemark. Winter chickpea; towards a new winter pulse for the semiarid Pacific Northwest and wider adaptation in the Mediterranean basin. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597909.bard.
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Original objectives: [a] Screen an array of chickpea and wild annual Cicer germplasm for winter survival. [b] Genetic analysis of winter hardiness in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [c] Genetic analysis of vernalization response in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [d] Digital expression analysis of a core selection of breeding and germplasm lines of chickpea that differ in winter hardiness and vernalization. [e] Identification of the genes involved in the chickpea winter hardiness and vernalization and construction of gene network controlling these traits. [f] Assessing the phenotypic and genetic correlations between winter hardiness, vernalization response and Ascochyta blight response in chickpea. The complexity of the vernalization response and the inefficiency of our selection experiments (below) required quitting the work on ascochyta response in the framework of this project. Background to the subject: Since its introduction to the Palouse region of WA and Idaho, and the northern Great Plains, chickpea has been a spring rotation legume due to lack of winter hardiness. The short growing season of spring chickpea limits its grain yield and leaves relatively little stubble residue for combating soil erosion. In Israel, chilling temperatures limit pod setting in early springs and narrow the effective reproductive time window of the crop. Winter hardiness and vernalization response of chickpea alleles were lost due to a series of evolutionary bottlenecks; however, such alleles are prevalent in its wild progenitor’s genepool. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: It appears that both vernalization response and winter hardiness are polygenic traits in the wild-domesticated chickpea genepool. The main conclusion from the fieldwork in Israel is that selection of domesticated winter hardy and vernalization responsive types should be conducted in late flowering and late maturity backgrounds to minimize interference by daylength and temperature response alleles (see our Plant Breeding paper on the subject). The main conclusion from the US winter-hardiness studies is that excellent lines have been identified for germplasm release and continued genetic study. Several of the lines have good seed size and growth habit that will be useful for introgressing winter-hardiness into current chickpea cultivars to develop releases for autumn sowing. We sequenced the transcriptomes and profiled the expression of genes in 87 samples. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 2,452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between vernalized plants and control plants, of which 287 were shared between two or more Cicer species studied. We cloned 498 genes controlling vernalization, named CVRN genes. Each of the CVRN genes contributes to flowering date advance (FDA) by 3.85% - 10.71%, but 413 (83%) other genes had negative effects on FDA, while only 83 (17%) had positive effects on FDA, when the plant is exposed to cold temperature. The cloned CVRN genes provide new toolkits and knowledge to develop chickpea cultivars that are suitable for autumn-sowing. Scientific & agricultural implications: Unlike the winter cereals (barley, wheat) or pea, in which a single allelic change may induce a switch from winter to spring habit, we were unable to find any evidence for such major gene action in chickpea. In agricultural terms this means that an alternative strategy must be employed in order to isolate late flowering – ascochyta resistant (winter types) domesticated forms to enable autumn sowing of chickpea in the US Great Plains. An environment was identified in U.S. (eastern Washington) where autumn-sown chickpea production is possible using the levels of winter-hardiness discovered once backcrossed into advanced cultivated material with acceptable agronomic traits. The cloned CVRN genes and identified gene networks significantly advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying plant vernalization in general, and chickpea in particular, and provide a new toolkit for switching chickpea from a spring-sowing to autumn-sowing crop.
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Bray, Elizabeth, Zvi Lerner, and Alexander Poljakoff-Mayber. The Role of Phytohormones in the Response of Plants to Salinity Stress. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7613007.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Salinity is an increasing problem in many irrigated areas of crop production and is a significant factor in reducing crop productivity. Developmental, physiological, and molecular responses to salinity were studied in order to improve our understanding of these responses. Improvements in our understanding of plant responses to salinity are necessary in order to develop crops with improved salt tolerance. Previously, in Israel, it was shown that Sorghum biccolor can adapt to an otherwise lethal concentration of NaCl. These experiments were refined and it was shown that there is a specific window of development in which this adaption can occur. Past the window of development, Sorghum plants can not be adapted. In addition, the ability to adapt is not present in all genotypes of Sorghum. Cultivars that adapt have an increased coefficient of variation for many of the physiological parameters measured during the mid-phase of adaptation. Therefore, it is possible that the adaptation process does not occur identically in the entire population. A novel gene was identified, isolated and characterized from Sorghum that is induced in roots in response to salinity. This gene is expressed in roots in response to salt treatments, but it is not salt-induced in leaves. In leaves, the gene is expressed without a salt treatment. The gene encodes a proline-rich protein with a novel proline repeat, PEPK, repeated more than 50 times. An antibody produced to the PEPK repeat was used to show that the PEPK protein is present in the endodermal cell wall of the root during salt treatments. In the leaves, the protein is also found predominantly in the cell wall and is present mainly in the mesophyll cells. It is proposed that this protein is involved in the maintenance of solute concentration.
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Eshel, Amram, Jonathan P. Lynch, and Kathleen M. Brown. Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585195.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.