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1
Iwańska, Marzena, Jakub Paderewski, Michał Stępień, and Paulo Rodrigues. "Adaptation of Winter Wheat Cultivars to Different Environments: A Case Study in Poland." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (2020): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050632.
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A proper understanding of cultivar adaptation to different environments is of great relevance in agronomy and plant breeding. As wheat is the most important crop in Poland, with a total of about 22% of the total sown area, the study of its performance in environments with different productivity levels for consequent cultivar recommendation is of major importance. In this paper, we assess the relative performance of winter wheat cultivars in environments with different productivity and propose a method for cultivar recommendation, by considering the information of environmental conditions and drought stress. This is performed in the following steps: (1) calculation of expected wheat productivity, depending on environmental factors, (2) calculation of relative productivity of cultivars in the environments, and (3) recommendation of cultivars of a specific type and range of adaptation. Soil and weather conditions were confirmed as the most important factors affecting winter wheat yield. The weather factors should be considered rather in shorter (e.g., 10 day) than longer (e.g., 60 day) time periods and in relation to growth stages. The ANCOVA model with genotype and management intensity as fixed factors, and soil and weather parameters as covariates was proposed to assess the expected wheat productivity in particular environments and the expected performance of each genotype (cultivar). The recommendation of cultivars for locations of specified productivity was proposed based on the difference between the expected cultivar yield and the mean wheat productivity, and compared with the Polish official cultivar recommendation list.
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Newton, Adrian C., Tracy A. Valentine, Blair M. McKenzie, Timothy S. George, David C. Guy, and Christine A. Hackett. "Identifying Spring Barley Cultivars with Differential Response to Tillage." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (2020): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050686.
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Cultivars and some cultivar mixtures of spring barley were grown under inversion and non-inversion tillage conditions for three or four years and assessed for disease and yield in order to obtain genotypes that can be used to determine the mechanisms of cultivation adaptation. In general, the higher-yielding cultivars under inversion tillage conditions gave lower yields under non-inversion tillage, whereas low-yielding older cultivars showed relatively smaller reductions in yield under non-inversion tillage. A few cultivars showed preferential yield performance for either inversion or non-inversion tillage and this was irrespective of their overall yield performance. There was no pedigree or breeding programme link between these cultivars and no above-ground gross morphological trait observed was associated with tillage adaptation. Root hairs may contribute to inversion tillage adaptation as a root hair absence mutant was associated with non-inversion adaptation and it is likely that other root-associated traits are responsible also for tillage adaptation. There was no overall cultivar or tillage interaction with rhynchosporium symptoms but a differential tillage interaction may occur in individual years. We have identified clearly contrasting cultivars and tested their across-season robustness with respect to tillage treatment for further detailed mechanistic studies and identification of tillage adaptation traits.
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McKeown*, Alan W., Mary Ruth McDonald, Cathy J. Bakker, and Kevin Vander Kooi. "Crop Diversification in Ontario: Adaptation of Chives." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 780A—780. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.780a.
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Chives, (Allium schoenoprasum) consumption and production are increasing in Ontario. Rust (Puccinia allii F. Rudolphi) has been a problem with some chive cultivars for some growers, and in Ontario, basic information on production is nonexistent. The objectives were to identify cultivars with high yields, disease resistance and winter survivability. Plantings of six cultivars of chives were established in 2002 and 2003 in two contrasting environments, on organic (Kettleby) and mineral (Simcoe) soils; and one cultivar of garlic chives (A. tuberosum) at Kettleby. Leaves were harvested to a length of 30 cm, weighed and assessed for visible signs of rust. In Spring 2003, the number of dead plants was recorded to determine the overwinter survivability of each cultivar. Performance varied among cultivars and between locations. In Simcoe, Staro produced the highest yield in 2002 while generic (unnamed) chives produced the highest yield in the second year. In Kettleby, yield was similar among cultivars in 2002 but in 2003 generic chives produced the highest yield. Overwinter survival also varied between locations and second season yields were much higher in Kettleby. Less snow cover and subsequent winter injury is a possible explanation for the lower yields and poorer winter survival in Simcoe. No symptoms of rust were found in either location. Chives are a viable crop in Ontario, and appear to have different adaptability to regional soils and climates.
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Muleba, N., M. Mwanke, and I. Drabo. "Use of successional sowing in evaluating cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) adaptation to drought in the Sudan savannah zone. 1. Seed yield response." Journal of Agricultural Science 116, no. 1 (1991): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600076164.
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SUMMARYTwo sets of experiments were conducted on oxic Plinthustalf and udic Ustochrept soils in 1983–85 at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One set tested six daylength-insensitive (DI) cultivars and the other set compared four or five daylength-sensitive (DS) cultivars with one or two DI cultivars as controls, sown on three or four dates. Sowing date, cultivar and their interaction significantly affected seed yield in 1983 and 1985. In 1984, yield was not affected by sowing date in the DI cultivars nor by the sowing date x cultivar interaction in the DS cultivars. Optimum sowing dates were mid- and late July. Sowing earlier gave no yield advantage, whereas sowing later reduced yield severely.The medium-maturing DI cultivar TN88–63 and the DS cultivar Koakin Local, which has a critical photoperiod in late August, exhibited average to below average yield stability but had a high mean yield and were considered well adapted in all conditions. The other cultivars were either moderately or poorly adapted to the Sudan savannah zone. The sowing date experiments were effective in identifying adapted cowpea cultivars, even from a single year's data, and can be used for screening cowpea for adaptation in the Sudan savannah zone.
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Das, Ranjan, K. Bhagawati, A. Boro, T. Medhi, B. Medhi, and R. K. Bhanisana. "Relative Performance of Plant Cultivars under Respective Water Deficit Adaptation Strategies: A Case Study." Current World Environment 10, no. 2 (2015): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.2.36.
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All the plants exhibit tolerance to stress due to external environmental factors, but with inter-species variation in intensity. The objective of the study was to comparatively evaluate morphological and anatomical modification in different plant cultivars under similar water stress condition and their possible impact on physiological processes affecting their growth performance. The investigation was done in terms of morphological modifications, change in leaf anatomy, water status and productivity. The experiment was done under rainfed condition in northeastern India in three selected cultivars of Gladiolus. All parameters were measured using standard procedures. Stomatal density was found to decrease with water stress with lowest value in cultivar Aarti (122.2 mm-2) while stomatal size (length=7.3µm and breadth=7.00µm) and pore size (3.66µm2) was found to be highest in cultivar Aarti that account for its better photosynthesis rate and growth. The thickness and number of epidermal cells were found to be highest in Aarti that help them to comparatively better amelioration of moisture stress effect. The cultivar Aarti also had higher numbers and size of xylem and phloem that indicate greater unloading of carbohydrate to sink region following increase of sink size. The highest water saturation deficit was found in cultivar Apollo (36.02%) that account for its decline in stomatal conductance, reduction of stomatal size, transpiration and saturation deficit. Comparatively higher leaf area duration (116 days) and net assimilation rate (1.62 g cm-2day-1x10-3) of cultivar Aarti attributed to its higher biomass production with larger spike size with good numbers of flowers. The highest marketable spikes (71111.11 per ha) was found in cultivar Aarti which might be due to its comparatively less deviation, during stress condition, from normal morphological and anatomical characteristics. The tolerant cultivars are those that can adapt to the change without much change in their normal growth. And the responses of those species are commercially acceptable that promote adaptation without compromising much with the plant growth and crop production.
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Kondratieva, I. U., O. Georgieva, and D. Ganeva. "Growing test results of Russian tomato cultivars originated at All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production in Bulgaria." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2009-2-36-39.
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The tested tomato cultivars had been bred and adapted to environmental factors with regard to open field cultivation in Nonchernozem zone of Russia. Agriculturally valuable traits were studied in many regions: Astrakhan, Volgograd, Belgorod, Primorie krai, and also in Uzbekistan, Moldavia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Ukraine, and Byelorussia. Results that had been analyzed provided information concerning the ecological cultivar sustainable adaptation and required biodiversity. Russian tomato cultivars that possessed high adaptation characteristics were tested for 2 years in open field conditions of Bulgaria and Russia.
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Demelash, Tsedale, Martial Amou, Amatus Gyilbag, Goitom Tesfay, and Yinlong Xu. "Adaptation Potential of Current Wheat Cultivars and Planting Dates under the Changing Climate in Ethiopia." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010037.
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Global warming poses a severe threat to food security in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the primary driver of low wheat productivity is attributed to climate change. Due to the sparsity of observation data, climate-related impact analysis is poorly understood, and the adaptation strategies studied so far have also been insufficient. This study adopted the most popular DSSAT CERES-Wheat model and the ensemble mean of four GCMs to examine the quantitative effects of adjusted sowing dates and varieties on wheat yield. The two new cultivars (Dandaa and Kakaba), with reference to an old cultivar (Digelu), were considered for the mid-century (2036–2065) and late-century (2066–2095) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios. The results showed that the Dandaa cultivar demonstrates better adaptation potential at late sowing with a yield increase of about 140 kg/ha to 148 kg/ha for the mid- and late-century under RCP4.5. However, under RCP 8.5, Kakaba demonstrates higher adaptation potential with a yield gain for early sowing of up to 142 kg/ha and 170 kg/ha during the mid- and late-century, respectively. Late sowing of the Dandaa cultivar is recommended if GHG emissions are cut off at least to the average scenario, while the Kakaba cultivar is the best option when the emissions are high. The adaptation measures assessed in this study could help to enhance wheat production and adaptability of wheat to the future climate.
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ÖZGÖKÇE, Mehmet Salih, Duygu KUŞOĞLU, Metin KONUŞ, Hilmi KARA, Mehmet Ramazan RİŞVANLI, and Doğan ÇETİN. "The effects of different Charleston pepper cultivars on the demographic parameters and the antioxidant levels of Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Turkish Journal of Entomology 47, no. 2 (2023): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1174064.
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Host plant diversity causes differences in the biology and adaptation of insects. In this study, variations in some biological properties and adaptive antioxidative response of Myzus persicae (Sulzer,1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five Charleston pepper, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) cultivars were investigated under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 60±5% RH). The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.193 d-1) of M. persicae was estimated in the tested cohort fed with the Kanyon cultivar, while the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.248 d-1) was found on the Tufan cultivar. The cohort fed with Safkan cultivar exhibited the highest levels of GST-CDNB and EST-PNPA at 562.80 and 207.64 nmol/mg protein, respectively, whereas the cohort fed with Kanyon cultivar showed the lowest levels at 317.04 and 132.14 nmol/mg protein, respectively. Analysis of life table parameters and enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidant levels of M. persicae showed that among the cultivars we tested, the Tufan cultivar was the most preferred host by M. persicae, while Kanyon cultivar was a less suitable host.
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BEAULIEU, G. C., and D. J. HUME. "ADAPTATION OF WINTER RAPESEED IN ONTARIO." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (1987): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-095.
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In order to determine regions of adaptation of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), field trials were planted at about 30 locations in Ontario in 1981 and 1982. Four cultivars were tested each year. Winter survival was poor in northern Ontario in both years, and along the north shore of Lake Erie in the first year. Over all sites, mean winter survival was 52%. At sites which did not completely winterkill, plant survival and yield averaged 70% and 2.38 t ha−1. Best winter rapeseed performance in Ontario occurred at well-drained sites with good winter snow cower and an absence of excessive flooding or cold temperatures in the spring. Cultivars did not differ in survival or yield in 1981–1982. The cultivar Jet Neuf had higher yields than the other cultivars in 1982–1983. There were differences in oil and protein content among the cultivars. The results suggest that winter rapeseed could become a viable crop in Ontario.Key words: Rapeseed (winter), Brassica napus, seed yield, winter survival, adaptation
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Iwańska, Marzena, Jakub Paderewski, Michał Stępień, and Paulo Canas Rodrigues. "Winter Wheat Cultivar Recommendation Based on Expected Environment Productivity." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (2021): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060522.
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We used 5 years of data from multi-environmental trials conducted in Poland to assess average winter wheat yield based on selected environmental factors to recommend cultivars depending on their performance in environments of different productivity. Average expected yields in particular environments were calculated using a model based on analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), which describes the relationship between winter wheat yield and environmental factors of soil suitability and pH, drought length and Selyaninov’s Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) in 10-day periods. The cultivar performance was evaluated using linear regression. The cultivar yield estimated by the mixed model was considered the dependent variable, whereas the environmental mean yields, estimated by ANCOVA, were considered independent variables. The cultivars were ranked according to the estimated yield in environments of determined average wheat productivity. Higher yielding cultivars were divided into two groups: widely and narrowly adapted cultivars, which were then recommended. The novelty of this study stems from the consideration of the environmental productivity in the recommendation process, the indication of widely adapted cultivars to be grown in a broad range of productivity sites and the selection of cultivars with narrow adaptation, which may outperform cultivars of wide adaptation in homogeneous fields. This study confirmed the importance of soil suitability and HTC for winter wheat yield. Direct application of our results is possible in Poland and in other countries with similar conditions.
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Pilkevich, R. A., and A. A. Kharchenko. "Adaptation potential of Ficus carica L. in summer dry conditions." Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, no. 137 (December 31, 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2020-137-139-144.
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During the summer season, on the southern coast of Crimea, the parameters of the water regime of 6 varieties of Ficus carica L. of various origins were studied. As a result of a comparative assessment of the experimental indicators, potentially adaptive, resistant to stressful weather factors, genotypes were identified - 'Sabrutciya Rosovaya' of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden selection, an introduced plant from Bulgaria 'Ranniy is Sozopoliya'. These cultivars have demonstrated high water-retention forces and the possibility of the most complete repair of leaf tissues. A relatively weak ability to retain moisture and restore turgor after dehydration was shown by the cultivar Vladimirska Krupna introduced from Yugoslavia and the Bulgarian cultivar Pomoriyskiy 6.
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Pilkevich, R. A., and A. A. Kharchenko. "Adaptation potential of Ficus carica L. in summer dry conditions." Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, no. 137 (December 31, 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2020-137-139-144.
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During the summer season, on the southern coast of Crimea, the parameters of the water regime of 6 varieties of Ficus carica L. of various origins were studied. As a result of a comparative assessment of the experimental indicators, potentially adaptive, resistant to stressful weather factors, genotypes were identified - 'Sabrutciya Rosovaya' of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden selection, an introduced plant from Bulgaria 'Ranniy is Sozopoliya'. These cultivars have demonstrated high water-retention forces and the possibility of the most complete repair of leaf tissues. A relatively weak ability to retain moisture and restore turgor after dehydration was shown by the cultivar Vladimirska Krupna introduced from Yugoslavia and the Bulgarian cultivar Pomoriyskiy 6.
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Widdup, K. H., J. L. Ford, G. R. Cousins, D. R. Woodfield, J. R. Caradus, and B. A. Barrett. "A comparison of New Zealand and overseas white clover cultivars under grazing in New Zealand." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.483.
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A large number of white clover cultivars bred both in New Zealand and overseas are available for use by New Zealand pastoral farmers. Unfortunately, there is little published data on the merits of many of these cultivars under grazing in New Zealand. Data from a series of trials established in the Manawatu between 1996 and 2005 containing a range of cultivars from Europe, the Mediterranean, North and South America and New Zealand were used in a meta-analysis to assess the general adaptive yield and persistence potential of these contrasting cultivar types. All trials were maintained over 2 to 4 years, and revealed significant cultivar effects. Overall, New Zealand bred cultivars showed better adaptation than overseas cultivars. However, overseas cultivars containing Mediterranean germplasm, particularly from southern France, Italy and Syria exhibited beneficial features in the trials, and many recently bred New Zealand cultivars contain germplasm from these origins. In addition to using the appropriate parent germplasm when developing cultivars, it is equally important to evaluate and select under local conditions, in competition with grass, under grazing, over multiple environments and years. New Zealand farmers may benefit from an industrywide benchmarking system for white clover cultivars, possibly by incorporation into the DairyNZ Forage Value Index. Keywords: white clover, cultivars, germplasm, local, overseas, adaptation
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Koshani, Beheshtah, and Mohammad Zarif Sharifi. "The Adaptation Assessment of Different Sunflower Cultivars under Kabul Agro Climatic Conditions." Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies 4, no. 3 (2023): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2023.4.3.5.
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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oilseeds crops due to its wide adaptability, mechanization potential, low labor requirements, and high oil and protein content. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of elite sunflower cultivars under Kabul agro-ecological conditions. The main objective of this research is to identify superior genotypes best adapted to Kabul agro-ecological conditions. Three improved cultivars of sunflowers, two from France (Robiacs and Imeriacs) and a local one were tested for two years, 2018-19, on the farm of Agriculture faculty at Kabul University. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on achene's yield and other parameters. Analysis revealed a highly significant difference among cultivars for all parameters under study except the number of days to complete emergence, number of plants m-2, plant height and leaf area index. Among the cultivars examined, there were significant differences in achene yield. Local cultivar (4696.92kg ha-1) followed by Robiacs (4346.62 kg ha-1) yielded significantly higher than Imeriacs cultivar (3029). These cultivars have shown to be the best local and exotic genotypes in terms of achene's yield. With additional tastings, these potential lines could be released for specific environments in Afghanistan similar to the Kabul agro-ecology.
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Panjtandoust, Mahmoud, and David J. Wolyn. "Freezing Tolerance Attributes during Spring Deacclimation for Three Asparagus Cultivars with Varying Adaptation to Southern Ontario." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 1 (2016): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.141.1.22.
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Winterhardiness in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) may be related to proper cold acclimation and induction of freezing tolerance in the fall, levels and maintenance of freezing tolerance in the winter, and the timing of deacclimation in the spring. Premature deacclimation and the inability to reacclimate could result in crown damage from spring freeze-thaw cycles. A field experiment was conducted, replicated over 2 years, to determine how three cultivars with varying adaptation to southern Ontario deacclimate in the spring by assessing LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of plants die) and biochemical and physiological parameters associated with freezing tolerance. ‘UC 157’ (UC), the least-adapted cultivar, deacclimated after soil temperatures rose above freezing; LT50 values increased linearly over time and were unaffected by fluctuations in soil temperature. ‘Jersey Giant’ (JG), a cultivar with moderate adaptation, rapidly deacclimated with increased soil temperature but appeared to partially reacclimate as temperatures decreased. For ‘Guelph Millennium’ (GM), the most-adapted cultivar, LT50 values did not change, maintaining the greatest levels of freezing tolerance during the spring sampling period. Although LT50 values did not differ among cultivars on the first spring sampling date, ranking for freezing tolerance at the final sampling in each year was GM>JG>UC, which is consistent with adaptation. Rhizome traits were most associated with freezing tolerance and included high concentrations of low-molecular-weight fructans (LFs), glucose, and proline and low percentage water and sucrose concentration. Overall, data suggest that the timing of deacclimation and loss of freezing tolerance in the spring may significantly affect winterhardiness; cultivars that lose freezing tolerance early and cannot reacclimate could suffer most from late spring freeze-thaw cycles.
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Bacu, Ariola, Vjollca Ibro, and Magdalena Nushi. "Compared salt tolerance of five local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of Albania based on morphology, pigment synthesis and glutathione content." EuroBiotech Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2020-0006.
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AbstractStressful saline concentrations in soils affect photosynthesis by damaging pigments, photosystems, components of electron transport system, and enzymes involved in the process. Plants respond through very complex stress adaptation mechanisms including proteome modulation, alterations in pigment content, cell osmotic adjustment and control of ion and water homeostasis mechanisms, which stabilize cytosolic glutathione redox potential, etc. The level of plant sensitivity depends on salt toxicity levels, growth stage, physiological and genetic factors. With aim the investigation of the salinity tolerant cultivars, and for the elucidation of mechanisms underlying this complex biological process, here we analyze the impact of four NaCl concentrations (0-50-100-200mM) in growth parameters (root, shoot and leaves length), pigment content (chla, chlb, carotenoids), and GSH content, during seedling of five bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in modified Hoagland solutions. Based on biometric parameters, pigment synthesis and GSH content cultivar Nogal is salt-sensitive (growth and pigments reduced); cultivar Viktoria is medium-tolerant (growth partially impaired, pigments constant), cultivar Toborzo and cultivar Suba are medium-tolerant (growth partially impaired, pigments increased), cultivar Dajti salt-tolerant (growth partially impaired/ leaves developed, pigments increased). Quantity of GSH in response to different levels of salinity is cultivar specific, and time of exposure to salinity is in negative correlation to GSH content for all investigated cultivars.
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Belaj, Angjelina, Raúl De la Rosa, Lorenzo León, et al. "Phenological diversity in a World Olive Germplasm Bank: Potential use for breeding programs and climate change studies." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 18, no. 1 (2020): e0701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2020181-15017.
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Aim of study: Crop phenology is a critical component in the identification of impacts of climate change. Then, the assessment of germplasm collections provides relevant information for cultivar selection and breeding related to phenology, being the base for identifying adaptation strategies to climate change.Area of study: The World Olive Germplasm Bank located at IFAPA Centre “Alameda del Obispo” (WOGB-IFAPA) in Cordoba (Southern Spain) was considered for the study.Material and methods: Data gathered for nine years on flowering and ripening time of olive cultivars from WOGB-IFAPA were evaluated. Thus, full flowering date (FFD) for 148 cultivars and ripening date (RD) for 86 cultivars, coming from 14 olive growing countries, were considered for characterization of olive phenology and for calibration/validation of phenological models.Main results: The characterization of WOGB-IFAPA has allowed the identification of cultivars with extreme early (‘Borriolenca’) and late (‘Ulliri i Kuq’) flowering as well as the ones with extreme early (‘Mavreya’) and late (‘Gerboui’) ripening dates. However, the very limited inter-cultivar variability, especially for FFD, resulted in a non-optimal simulation models performance. Thus, for FFD and RD the root mean square error was around 6 and 24 days, respectively. The limited inter-cultivar variability was associated to the low average temperatures registered during winter at WOGB-IFAPA generating an early accumulation of the chilling requirements, thus homogenizing FFD of all the analyzed cultivars.Research highlights: The identification of cultivars with early FFD and late RD provides useful information for breeding programs and climate change studies for identifying adaptation strategies.
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Pérez, Daniel, Andrés González, Nivaldo De Gracia, et al. "Evaluación de cultivares de maíz de grano amarillo en 9 zonas productoras de Panamá." Agronomía Mesoamericana 2 (June 22, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v2i0.25217.
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Maize varieties and hybrids from the Panama National l'rogram and experimental and commercial hybrids from priva te companies which distribute seed in Panama were evaluated in order to determine yield, agronomic characteristics and general adaptation. This study was conducted by the Maize Program of the Instituto de Investigacion Agropecuaria de Panama (IDIAP) at 9 different locations. From the combined analysis, significant ditTerences were found between locations, cultivars and a significant cultivar by location interaction was present, with the locations Paraiso, Las Tablas and La Honda having much higher yields. The highest grain yields for the entries evaluated were obtained with hybrid P-8812 and experimental hybrids 477x372 and 477x375 (5.09,5.06 and 4.91 t/ha respectively). All three were superior to the commercial hybrids X-3214 and XL-604. The significant interaction between cultivar and location means that some of the materials evaluated have different responses by location. The cultivares having improved stabi1ity parameters were Guarare- 8128, XL-604, P8802, TOC-890A and TOC-7428.
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de Lima Veras, Emmanuel Lievio, Gelson dos Santos Difante, Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel, et al. "Tillering and Structural Characteristics of Panicum Cultivars in the Brazilian Semiarid Region." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (2020): 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093849.
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Panicum maximum grasses are among the most used in Brazil because they have high forage production potential, nutritional value and adaptation to different climate conditions and in poor soils, which have been improved by the application of dolomitic limestone and nitrogen fertilizers and K2O, P2O5. The aim was to evaluate the tillering capacity and structural characteristics of six cultivars of Panicum maximum in the Brazilian semiarid region. The test was configured as a randomized block design with six treatments—the cultivars Aruana, Massai, Mombaça, Tamani, Tanzânia, and Zuri—and four replications. The studied variables included tiller population dynamics, tiller population density (TPD), appearance rate (ApR), mortality (MorB), tiller survival (SuvP), tiller stability index, height, light interception (LI), forage mass (FM), and morphological constituents. As to the population dynamics of tillers, seven generations were evaluated, and the largest number of tillers was observed in the first generation, regardless of the cultivar. Furthermore, the Massai cultivar demonstrated the highest TPD in all generations. Interaction between the cultivar and evaluation period was noted for ApR: the cultivars Tamani and Tanzânia indicated higher ApR at 122 and 137 days after establishment. The cultivar (P = 0.380) and evaluation period (P = 0.4469) had no effect on SuvP; however, higher MorB was detected in the cultivars Aruana and Tamani compared to Mombaça and Zuri, with intermediate values detected in the other cultivars. The highest FM was observed in the cultivars Massai, Mombaça, and Tamani, as well as in the leaf blade of Massai and Mombaça. The cultivars Massai, Mombaça, Tamani, Tanzânia, and Zuri have the potential to be cultivated in areas with marked water deficit and high temperatures, such as the Brazilian semiarid region. The cultivar Massai has a rapid recovery after a period of water scarcity. The cultivar Aruana is not recommended for use in the Brazilian semiarid region under rainfed conditions.
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Ashraf, Farzana, Khezir Hayyat, Hafiz Muhammad Imran, et al. "Development of High Yielding and Early Maturing Cotton Variety Cyto-178 With Better Adaptation to Climatic Condition of Punjab." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 1 (2025): 168–72. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i1.1522.
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To meet the increasing demand for cotton and improve fibre quality, the development of high-yielding, early-maturing, and disease-resistant cultivars remains essential for sustainable cotton production in Pakistan. Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a new cotton cultivar, Bt. Cyto-178, for its agronomic performance, fibre quality, and adaptability under diverse agroecological conditions in Pakistan. Methods: Bt. Cyto-178 was developed at the Cytogenetic Section of the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan, from a cross between (Neelum 121 × Exotic material) × SL-365/1 (Cyto-124) during the 2003–04 cotton season. Selection was conducted from the F₂ to F₈ generations based on phenotypic traits, yield potential, and fibre quality. The cultivar was tested for 12 years in CCRI research plots, farmers’ fields, and multi-location National Coordinated Varietal Trials (NCVT) across Punjab, Sindh, and other cotton-growing regions. Results: Bt. Cyto-178 consistently outperformed existing commercial cultivars in both preliminary and advanced yield trials. It ranked 10th in national yield performance during the 2014–15 season and demonstrated superior traits including early maturity, high yield, and resistance to major diseases. The cultivar is especially well-suited for the agroecological conditions of Punjab. Conclusion: Bt. Cyto-178 is a robust, early-maturing, and high-yielding cotton cultivar with enhanced fibre quality and disease resistance. Approved by the Punjab Seed Council in 2020, it is recommended for general cultivation across cotton-growing regions of Pakistan.
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Amin, M., S. Syafruddin, S. Sufardi, and M. Muyassir. "The growth and adaptation of Edamame soybeans on Andisols in the medium altitude of Aceh, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1477, no. 1 (2025): 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1477/1/012004.
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Abstract Crop adaptation essentially refers to the relationships between the principal environmental factors and the growth response of crop plants. Adaptation is essential for new or introduced plant cultivars. This experiment aims to determine the adaptation and growth of Edamame soybeans on Andisols in the Medium Plain of Aceh, Indonesia at an altitude of 480 m above sea level. There were three cultivars of Edamame soybeans tested, namely Riocos 305, Biomax 1, and Biomax 2. The growth response of Edamame soybeans was different between the three cultivars tested. Differences in plant height response, number of leaves, stem diameter, and number of branches of Edamame soybeans in Andisols occur at a vegetative age of 15 to 60 days. In general, the growth characteristics of cultivar Biomax 1 are better than those of cultivars Riocos 305 and Biomax 2. All three varieties of Edamame soybeans are well adapted to Andisols soils in medium plains.
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Cardone, M. F., R. Perniola, C. R. Catacchio, et al. "Grapevine adaptation to drought: New candidate genes for the genotype-dependent response." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501016.
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Grapevine requires irrigation supply for its cultivation, especially in the arid and semiarid geographic areas. As consequence of the severe climatic changes, water consumption is becoming more and more important as environmental and cost factor that needs to be reduced. Water deficiency can affect berry and wine quality depending on the extent of plant perceived stress, which is a cultivar specific trait. In a four-year project, we tested the physiological and molecular responses to water deficiency of two different table grape cultivars, Italia and Autumn Royal, and we highlighted that they differently adapted to drought stress conditions. Physiological analyses on field-growth plants showed cultivar-specific variations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation and, stomatal conductance under water deficiency. We further combined “omic” analyses to identify candidate genes involved in drought stress response and adaptative traits. Microarray analyses revealed a broad response of cultivar Italia to drought stress conditions characterized by the modulation of 1037 genes involved in biological processes as cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism, ROS response, response to hormone and osmotic stress. On the contrary, Autumn Royal response was limited to the modulation of only 29 genes mainly involved in plant stress response, nitrogen metabolism and hormone signal transduction. Our data highlighted that ABA-perception and –signalling are key factors mediating the varietal-specific behavior of the early response to drought.
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Pacheco-Moreno, Alba, Anita Bollmann-Giolai, Govind Chandra, et al. "The genotype of barley cultivars influences multiple aspects of their associated microbiota via differential root exudate secretion." PLOS Biology 22, no. 4 (2024): e3002232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002232.
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Plant-associated microbes play vital roles in promoting plant growth and health, with plants secreting root exudates into the rhizosphere to attract beneficial microbes. Exudate composition defines the nature of microbial recruitment, with different plant species attracting distinct microbiota to enable optimal adaptation to the soil environment. To more closely examine the relationship between plant genotype and microbial recruitment, we analysed the rhizosphere microbiomes of landrace (Chevallier) and modern (NFC Tipple) barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars. Distinct differences were observed between the plant-associated microbiomes of the 2 cultivars, with the plant-growth promoting rhizobacterial genus Pseudomonas substantially more abundant in the Tipple rhizosphere. Striking differences were also observed between the phenotypes of recruited Pseudomonas populations, alongside distinct genotypic clustering by cultivar. Cultivar-driven Pseudomonas selection was driven by root exudate composition, with the greater abundance of hexose sugars secreted from Tipple roots attracting microbes better adapted to growth on these metabolites and vice versa. Cultivar-driven selection also operates at the molecular level, with both gene expression and the abundance of ecologically relevant loci differing between Tipple and Chevallier Pseudomonas isolates. Finally, cultivar-driven selection is important for plant health, with both cultivars showing a distinct preference for microbes selected by their genetic siblings in rhizosphere transplantation assays.
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Gent, David H., Stephen T. Massie, Megan C. Twomey, and Sierra N. Wolfenbarger. "Adaptation to Partial Resistance to Powdery Mildew in the Hop Cultivar Cascade by Podosphaera macularis." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (2017): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-16-1753-re.
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The hop cultivar Cascade has been grown in the Pacific Northwestern U.S. and elsewhere with minimal input for management of powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) for nearly 15 years due to the putatively quantitative resistance in this cultivar. While partial resistance is generally thought to be more durable than qualitative resistance, in 2012, powdery mildew was reported on Cascade in Washington State. Field surveys conducted during 2013 to 2016 indicated increasing prevalence of powdery mildew on Cascade, as well as an increasing number of fungicide applications applied to this cultivar in Washington State. Nearly all isolates of P. macularis tested were able to infect Cascade in laboratory inoculations. However, the greatest number of colonies, most conidia produced, and the shortest latent period was only observed with isolates derived originally from Cascade, as compared with other isolates derived from other cultivars. Further, the enhanced aggressiveness of these isolates was only manifested on Cascade and not six other susceptible cultivars, further indicating a specific adaptation to Cascade by the isolates. There was no evidence of a known major R-gene in Cascade, as seven isolates of P. macularis with contrasting virulence all infected Cascade. Among 158 isolates obtained from hop yards planted to Cascade, only two (1.3%) were able to infect the cultivar Nugget, which possesses the resistance factor termed R6, indicating that isolates of P. macularis virulent on Nugget are largely distinct from those adapted to Cascade. Further, race characterization indicated Cascade-adapted isolates of P. macularis were able to overcome R-genes Rb, R3, and R5, but not other known R-genes. Therefore, multiple R-genes and other sources of partial resistance are expected to provide resistance to Cascade-adapted strains of the fungus. Given the plasticity of the powdery mildew fungus, breeding strategies for powdery mildew need to consider the potential for adaptation to both qualitative and partial resistance in the host.
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Ilodibia, Chinyere, Ngozi Igboabuchi, and Winifred Onwuachu. "Evaluation of vegetative and yield attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) for adaptation in Anambra State, Nigeria." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 2 (2016): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6851.
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Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) MOENCH, a fasting growing annual herb, cultivated for its young fruit and valued as an important vegetable in tropical and sub- tropical regions. Adequate production of okra is yet to be achieved especially in Anambra State due to certain factors such as non- utilization of improved cultivar, environmental conditions and inadequate cultural practices. Due to the importance of this vegetable to Nigerian diet, sustainable production is adequate to meet up with the increasing population and the country’s economic recession. Vegetative and yield attributes of five cultivars of okra were evaluated for adaptation in Anambra State during 2014/2015 cropping season at the Department of Agricultural Education Teaching and Research Farm, Nwafor Orizu College of Education Nsugbe, Anambra State. A randomized complete block design, replicated three times was used. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the cultivars evaluated in both vegetative and yield attributes. Cultivar LD-88 had higher yield when compared to other cultivars evaluated. It is therefore recommended to farmers for sustainable okra production in the study area.
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Fairey, D. T., N. A. Fairey, and L. P. Lefkovitch. "The relationship between fall dormancy and germplasm source in North American alfalfa cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 3 (1996): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-076.
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Most of the genetic diversity of North American alfalfa cultivars has been accounted for by nine germplasm sources listed in descending order of winter hardiness as follows: Medicago sativa ssp. falcata, Ladak, M. sativa ssp. xvaria, Turkistan, Flemish, Chilean, Peruvian, Indian and African. In most instances, the breeder assigns a fall dormancy score and the relative proportions of each of the nine germplasm source for each cultivar at registration. The fall dormancy score (1 = dormant to 9 = non-dormant), determined by measuring plant height in October after harvest in early September, is used to indicate cultivar adaptation for different regions. This study examines the relationship between germplasm composition and plant height, the equivalence of fall dormancy. The signs on the partial regression coefficients of a multiple regression analysis of plant height on the proportional content of the nine sources of germplasm showed that the fall dormancy fell essentially into two classes, namely, a dormant category, comprising cultivars containing a large contribution of Falcata and Ladak, and a non-dormant category, in which Indian and African germplasm predominate. This does not necessarily preclude the influence of any of the other germplasm sources on fall dormancy, since they represent a rich source of diversity. However, nine distinct classes were not recognisable, perhaps because of the lack of an exact equivalence between fall dormancy class and plant height of the fall regrowth. Since these observations have not been derived in a common nursery, the latitude and latitude × cultivar effects have been disregarded. These limitations should be recognized when using the currently assigned fall dormancy ratings to predict cultivar adaptation. Key words: Alfalfa, fall dormancy, sources of germplasm
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TEICH, A. H. "ENA WHEAT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 2 (1989): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-066.
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Ena is a soft white winter wheat with less susceptibility to scab caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, and when infected, accumulates less of the associated mycotoxin, DON (deoxynivalenol), than other cultivars recommended for Ontario. In its area of adaptation, area 1 of southwestern Ontario where corn heat units are 2900 or more, it yields more than any of the recommended cultivars, except Augusta, which yields 1% more.Key words: Cultivar description, scab, vomitoxin, deoxynivalenol, head blight, wheat (soft, white, winter)
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Assis, Adriane Marinho de, Lilian Keiko Unemoto, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, et al. "Adaptation of anthurium cultivars as cut flowers in a subtropical area." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 46, no. 2 (2011): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2011000200007.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptation of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) cultivars as cut flowers in a subtropical area, located in north of Paraná State, Brazil. The Apalai, Ianomami, Kinã, nK 102, Parakanã, Rubi, and Terena cultivars were cultivated in a nursery under 80% shade. The number of leaves and inflorescences, floral stem length, length and width of inflorescences, and spadix length were evaluated. The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks, with six replicates and five plants per plot. During the 18 months evaluated, 'Parakanã' produced 11 inflorescences per plant, whereas the other cultivars produced seven to nine inflorescences per plant. The number of leaves produced per plant was: 'Ianomami', 25; 'Parakanã', 20; 'Apalai' and 'Terena', 15; 'Kinã' and 'Rubi', 11; and 'nK 102', 9. The Apalai, nK 102, Parakanã, and Rubi cultivars are the most recommended as cut flowers; the Ianomami cultivar is not recommended as a cut flower in this region.
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Wimalasiri, Eranga M., A. D. Ampitiyawatta, P. K. Dissanayake, and A. S. Karunaratne. "Impact of climate change adaptation on paddy yield in dry zone Sri Lanka: A case study using agricultural production systems simulator (APSIM) model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1016, no. 1 (2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1016/1/012036.
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Abstract Climate change in terms of increased temperature and variation of rainfall patterns is evident in Sri Lanka. Being a country with an agro-based economy, the impact of the changes of the climate negatively affects crop production and a possesses threat to food security. Using a crop modelling approach, the impact of climate change adaptation on paddy, which is the major crop in the country was assessed in Thanamalwila (6.43ºN, 81.09ºE), Sri Lanka. The calibrated and validated Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model was used for yield simulations. Bias-corrected future (2040-2069) climate data were obtained from 3 general circulation models; BNU-ESM, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, and GFDL-ESM2M under the RCP4.5 scenario. Short season (BG300) and long season (BG358) cultivar, late and early planting (both by two weeks) were used as adaptation methods. Average paddy yield under baseline (1980-2009) climate for BG300 and BG358 were 3711 and 4524 Kg ha−1, respectively. In BG300, the average future yield decreased in all 3 GCMs while in BG358 (long season), the average yield increased under 2 GCMs except CSIRO-Mk3-6-0. On average, delayed planting by 14 days as an adaptation measure increased the yield of BG300 (2.43%), the short season cultivar while in BG358, the average yield decreased by 3.55%. Except for CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 (in BG358), paddy yield in both cultivars decreased on early planting. This simple crop modelling exercise has shown the possibility of selection of cultivar and planting dates as climate change adaptation strategies. Further, field experiments and detailed crop model simulations are essential to validate the findings.
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Wien, H. C. "Vegetable Cultivar Testing: Introduction to the Symposium." HortScience 22, no. 6 (1987): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1210.
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Abstract Choice of the most appropriate cultivars is a key decision that vegetable growers face every growing season, and one on which the profitability of the crop depends. Evaluation of cultivars for adaptation to local growing conditions is therefore of crucial importance to extension and research personnel that serve the vegetable industry and the companies that are developing and releasing vegetable cultivars. The present-day climate of restricted budgets and pressure to move from applied to more basic research has forced experiment station and university personnel in North America to abandon or greatly reduce vegetable cultivar testing. The seed industry has traditionally relied on both public institutions and its own grower–cooperators to evaluate the merits of new lines. Increasingly, seed companies face requests for funding of these public trials, or are asked to pay entry fees to submit new cultivars for testing.
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Ferlito, Filippo, Elisabetta Nicolosi, Angelo Sicilia, Clizia Villano, Riccardo Aversano, and Angela Roberta Lo Piero. "Physiological and Productive Responses of Two Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars across Three Sites in Central-South Italy." Horticulturae 9, no. 12 (2023): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121321.
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Grapevine adaptation to drought involves morphological, anatomical, and physiological modifications that could be viewed as a measure of drought avoidance. The main vine responses to drought consist of the regulation of carbon assimilation as a consequence of limited stomatal conductance, which is reflected in changes in plant water status. In this factorial study (2020–2021 growing seasons), two red cultivars, the local ‘Aglianico’, widely grown in Central-South Italy, and the international ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, were used to evaluate how their interaction in three different environments can modify physiological adaptations and how yields and their qualitative traits can be modified. The lowest leaf water potential (−0.68 Mpa) for the two cultivars was registered in Molise, while the most stressed vine was found in Sicily for Aglianico (−1.86 MPa). At least in two of three locations, Molise and Campania, the detected stomatal conductance and the leaf water potential have shown that Cabernet Sauvignon can be classified as a near-isohydric cultivar, whereas Aglianico can be categorized as a near-anisohydric cultivar. The interactions between genotype x environment highlight different levels of adaptability between the two cultivars in different sites during each season. The data presented here contribute to a better understanding of the effects of genotype and environment interactions in progressive dry cultivation and how these interactions can modify the qualitative traits of grapes.
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Li, Fan, Shenchong Li, and Qinli Shan. "The Effect of Temperature on Plant Growth in Four Gerbera hybrida Cultivars." HortScience 54, no. 7 (2019): 1164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13919-19.
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Temperature is one of the main factors that affects the growth pattern of Gerbera hybrida, which shows vast variation in morphology and stress adaptation among cultivars. However, little is known about temperature responses of plant growth among different cultivars. In this study, four cultivars were planted in different growth temperatures to investigate the effect of temperature on plant growth of Gerbera hybrida during their vegetative growth. Results showed that the optimum growth temperature of the four cultivars was 20 °C, of which plant height, root length, biomass accumulation, leaf area, and photosynthetic rate were enhanced significantly. Different cultivars showed diverse temperature adaptation ranges, which were related with their genetic background, and the temperature adaptability of cultivar Autumn was the best among the four cultivars. Temperature also had significant effects on photosynthetic rate, which was the main factor shaping plant growth. Our research provides the basic guidance for the growth temperature control in the cultivation of Gerbera hybrida.
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Guimarães, Paula Beatriz Ramos, Mayara de Oliveira Vidotto Figueiredo, Tiago Benedito dos Santos, and Alessandra Ferreira Ribas. "Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu presents a better response to in vitro salt stress than other commercial cultivars." Colloquim Agrariae 17, no. 4 (2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n4.a450.
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Urochloa brizantha is the main forage grass to raise cattle in Brazil, but salt stress can reduce yield. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to salt stress remain poorly understood in this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of three cultivars of U. brizantha to in vitro salt stress. Seeds of three cultivars (Piatã, Marandu, and Xaraés) germinated in filter paper and then transferred to growth on culture media in vitro containing 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1 of sodium chloride (NaCl). Biometric parameters and proline content were determined after 28 days. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the separation of means was performed by the LSD test (p<0.05). Semi-quantitative expression of the Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS1) gene was performed. In all cultivars, increase of NaCl concentration in the media affected roots and shoots growth. Xaraes cultivar presented the greater biomass reduction while Marandu cultivar was the least affected. Salt stress increased by approximated 0.6 folds transcription of the P5CS1 gene in all cultivars. However, Marandu cultivar presented a higher proline content and least biomass reduction suggesting a better response to in vitro to salt stress.
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Dahlin, Iris, Lars P. Kiær, Göran Bergkvist, Martin Weih, and Velemir Ninkovic. "Plasticity of barley in response to plant neighbors in cultivar mixtures." Plant and Soil 447, no. 1-2 (2019): 537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04406-1.
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Abstract Aims Cultivar mixtures can increase productivity through complementarity in resource use, but reported results are often conflicting and the role of plasticity in shaping plant-plant interactions is poorly understood. We aim to determine if individual cultivars show different phenotypic responses when grown in a mixture, whether these responses depend on the neighboring cultivar identity, and how they contribute to variations in productivity and nitrogen (N) use. Methods Five spring barley cultivars were field-grown in pure stands and in mixtures during 2 years. Plant traits related to development, growth, N use, and reproduction were measured to identify temporal patterns of plastic responses to neighboring plants. Results Plants in mixtures were shorter and developed slower early in the season, but later on they grew faster and produced more grain than the corresponding pure stands. Some cultivars showed complementary N accumulation only when grown together with specific neighbors. Mechanisms of improved productivity differed between the individual mixtures. Conclusions Plastic plant-plant interaction between cultivars is an important driver behind the variability in mixing effects. Results contribute to a better understanding of how productivity in cultivar mixtures is affected by plastic adaptation and differentiation of plant traits, depending on the environment created by neighboring genotypes.
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Khanal, Dipak, Babita Bastakoti, and Dhurba Banjade. "Impacts of submergence stress on rice plants and its adaptation: A review." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 9, no. 3 (2024): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.0903030.
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The main aim of this review is to convey information in summarized form by compiling and interpreting the major findings of recent studies on the impacts of submergence stress on rice and tolerance mechanisms. Published research papers available in Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Pub Med, mainly by Elsevier and SpringerLink, were critically analyzed and summarized for the preparation of the manuscript. In rice, plant survival rates, growth, and development are adversely affected by submergence. Major findings documented that submergence alters the soil aeration and creates hypoxic and anoxic conditions, which results in low photosynthetic efficiency and sugar status in rice plants. Compared to a tolerant cultivar, a sensitive cultivar produces more ethylene and causes injury to the plant. Controlled underwater shoot elongation, higher conserved non-structural carbohydrates, and better hormonal regulation, especially ethylene and gibberellin, and abscisic acid, are the primary adaptive mechanisms of tolerant plants in submergence, which helps better recovery at the post-submergence stage, too. The Sub1 gene and the associated QTLs are crucial for the superior performance of tolerant cultivars in submergence. Any agronomic management practices that can reduce ethylene production and enhance the nutrient status of plants can alleviate the severity of submergence. Understanding the intricate relationship between submergence and rice plant response is essential, mainly how submergence affects the rice plant and its tolerance mechanism to develop resilient rice cultivars that can grow in flood-prone regions.
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ARCIONI, SERGIO, DOMENICO MARIOTTI, and MARIO FALCINELLI. "ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION IN Lolium perenne L.: PHYSIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PERSISTENCE, CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES AND WATER AVAILABILITY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 3 (1985): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-084.
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Cultivars of Lolium perenne L. when removed from their area of adaptation, especially in the latitudinal sense, are usually less persistent than adapted varieties and disappear after a few years. This phenomenon is particularly remarkable for North European varieties when cultivated in Mediterranean regions which are characterized by a period of drought stress (from the 2nd week of June to 2nd week of August). Two varieties of Lolium perenne L., Vejo (adapted to Central Italy) and Lenta (North European cultivar), were sown in September 1979 and compared to evaluate the effects of water stress on persistence from June 1980 to January 1982 at Perugia, central Italy. Measurements recorded included ground cover, plant survival, dry matter yield (DMY), number of tillers per plant, and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content. Trials were performed, according to a split-plot design with three replicates, in dense stands (seeding rate of 2000 viable seeds/m2) and in spaced plants (40 × 60 cm apart) which were either irrigated or nonirrigated. The results show that Vejo, starting from the 2nd year from sowing, had higher values than Lenta for ground cover, plant survival and number of tillers per plant. The same behavior was observed for DMY with the exception of the August 1981 sampling in which the situation was reversed because of the summer dormancy of the local variety. The pattern of WSC content also differed between the two cultivars with the adapted type characterized by higher values than the unadapted one except in winter. Irrigation during the dry season increased DMY by preventing dormancy of the local cultivar and by stimulating vegetative activity of the unadapted one, but neither influenced the mortality of the foreign cultivar or the WSC content in either variety. These results suggest that the low DMY produced in summer by the unadapted cultivar is obtained at the expense of carbohydrate reserves. The reduction of WSC (mg∙plant−1) in Lenta from May to August was 43% in dry and 47% in irrigated conditions versus 22% and 32%, respectively, in Vejo. Severe depletion of reserves seems to be the main cause of the thinning of the unadapted variety (the ground cover evaluated in October 1981 was 18% and 22% in Lenta and 82% and 93% in Vejo in nonirrigated and irrigated conditions, respectively). For these reasons the lack of persistence of the unadapted cultivars of perennial ryegrass in Mediterranean regions cannot be attributed to the extent of summer water shortage characterizing these areas.Key words: Lolium perenne L., environmental adaptation, persistence, carbohydrate reserves, stress in Mediterranean areas
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Jiménez-Ruiz, Jaime, María de la O. Leyva-Pérez, Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás, Juan B. Barroso, Francisco Luque, and Jesús Mercado-Blanco. "The Transcriptome of Verticillium dahliae Responds Differentially Depending on the Disease Susceptibility Level of the Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivar." Genes 10, no. 4 (2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10040251.
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Among biotic constraints affecting olive trees cultivation worldwide, the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae is considered one of the most serious threats. Olive cultivars display differential susceptibility to the disease, but our knowledge on the pathogen’s responses when infecting varieties differing in susceptibility is scarce. A comparative transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) was conducted in olive cultivars Picual (susceptible) and Frantoio (tolerant). RNA samples originated from roots during the first two weeks after inoculation with V. dahliae defoliating (D) pathotype. Verticillium dahliae mRNA amount was overwhelmingly higher in roots of the susceptible cultivar, indicating that proliferation of pathogen biomass is favored in ‘Picual’. A significant larger number of V. dahliae unigenes (11 fold) were only induced in this cultivar. Seven clusters of differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified according to time-course expression patterns. Unigenes potentially coding for niche-adaptation, pathogenicity, virulence and microsclerotia development were induced in ‘Picual’, while in ‘Frantoio’ expression remained negligible or null. Verticillium dahliae D pathotype transcriptome responses are qualitatively and quantitatively different, and depend on cultivar susceptibility level. The much larger V. dahliae biomass found in ‘Picual’ roots is a consequence of both host and pathogen DEG explaining, to a large extent, the higher aggressiveness exerted over this cultivar.
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Clark, S. G., J. Li, A. M. Johnson, G. N. Ward, and J. F. Chin. "Long-term persistence of subterranean clover Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivars at three sites in south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 5 (1997): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97012.
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Summary. The seed banks of 6 subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivars were sampled at 3 abandoned cultivar evaluation experiments in south-western Victoria (Hamilton, Macarthur and Timboon). Two were var. yanninicum (Trikkala and Larisa) and 4 were var. subterraneum (Denmark, Goulburn, Karridale and Leura). Seed was sampled in late summer–early autumn 1993, between 6 and 10 years after the sites were established and between 3 and 7 years after the sites were abandoned. The collected seed was separated into black and white seed, and a sample of the black seed was grown in a glasshouse and identified as either belonging to the sown cultivar or belonging to another cultivar/genotype. All white seed was assumed to belong to the sown cultivar. The aim was to determine if these widely used cultivars were persisting under farm management conditions and competition from perennial grass, other subterranean clover and annual weeds. With some variation between sites all cultivars were found to be persisting satisfactorily. Over the 3 sites, white-seeded cultivars averaged 460 kg/ha and 6640 seeds/m2; black-seeded cultivars averaged 260 kg/ha and 5590 seeds/m2. Contamination with other subterranean clover cultivars/ecotypes was generally low, except at Macarthur where the white-seeded cultivars were heavily contaminated (Trikkala 39% pure; Larisa 57% pure) with black seeds highlighting the poor adaptation of var. yanninicum to light soil types. Of the black seeds, over the 3 sites, average contamination level was 13% and ranged from 41% (Goulburn at Macarthur) to 1% (Leura at Timboon). The study indicates that in south-western Victoria, all the recently released cultivars are likely to persist and be productive, and that the small-plot evaluation techniques used to identify potential new cultivars are likely to be adequate if replicated in space and if the clovers are sown in mixed swards with perennial grass.
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Bertagnolli, P. F., E. R. Bonato, L. M. Costamilan, A. G. Linhares, L. A. Almeida, and R. A. S. Kiihl. "BRS 154, a soybean cultivar of broad adaptation." Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (2002): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.v02n01a21.
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Studnicki, Marcin, Wiesław Mądry, Kinga Noras, Elżbieta Wójcik-Gront, and Edward Gacek. "Yield response of winter wheat cultivars to environments modeled by different variance-covariance structures in linear mixed models." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 2 (2016): e0703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016142-8737.
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The main objectives of multi-environmental trials (METs) are to assess cultivar adaptation patterns under different environmental conditions and to investigate genotype by environment (G×E) interactions. Linear mixed models (LMMs) with more complex variance-covariance structures have become recognized and widely used for analyzing METs data. Best practice in METs analysis is to carry out a comparison of competing models with different variance-covariance structures. Improperly chosen variance-covariance structures may lead to biased estimation of means resulting in incorrect conclusions. In this work we focused on adaptive response of cultivars on the environments modeled by the LMMs with different variance-covariance structures. We identified possible limitations of inference when using an inadequate variance-covariance structure. In the presented study we used the dataset on grain yield for 63 winter wheat cultivars, evaluated across 18 locations, during three growing seasons (2008/2009-2010/2011) from the Polish Post-registration Variety Testing System. For the evaluation of variance-covariance structures and the description of cultivars adaptation to environments, we calculated adjusted means for the combination of cultivar and location in models with different variance-covariance structures. We concluded that in order to fully describe cultivars adaptive patterns modelers should use the unrestricted variance-covariance structure. The restricted compound symmetry structure may interfere with proper interpretation of cultivars adaptive patterns. We found, that the factor-analytic structure is also a good tool to describe cultivars reaction on environments, and it can be successfully used in METs data after determining the optimal component number for each dataset.
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Kong, D., T. M. Choo, P. Narasimhalu, et al. "Genetic variation and adaptation of 76 Canadian barley cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 4 (1994): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-132.
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A study was initiated in 1990 to determine the genetic variation and adaptation of all registered Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Seventy-six cultivars were tested at four locations across Canada (Charlottetown, Ottawa, Brandon, and Bentley) in 1991 and 1992. These cultivars were grouped into 10 classes and classes were compared in five categories: eastern vs. western, doubled-haploid (DH) vs. conventional, feed vs. malting, two-row vs. six-row, and hulless vs. covered. These 76 cultivars showed remarkable variation in yield, test weight, kernel weight, plant height, and maturity and responded differently to the environments. Among them, Albany and Chapais had the highest yield and they also yielded well in both Eastern and Western Canada. Thus, some barley cultivars were widely adapted across the whole country. Two-row cultivars had higher test weight and higher kernel weight than six-row and appeared to be more stable in yield over the environments. Eastern two-row cultivars were superior in yield, test weight, and kernel weight than western two-row. Eastern two-row, in general, performed well across Canada. Several western six-row cultivars performed well in both Western and Eastern Canada. Therefore, greater exchanges of breeding materials between the two regions are recommended in order to fully exploit the genetic potentials of new cultivars. DH cultivars yielded as well as conventional cultivars and responded similarly to the environments. This substantiates that complete homozygosity and homogeneity have very little effect on the performance of DH cultivars. Among the western two-row, feed cultivars yielded either higher than or the same as malting cultivars in the eight environments. Hulless cultivars had lower yield, higher test weight and lower kernel weight than covered cultivars. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, cultivar, yield, adaptation
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Rose, IA. "Evaluation of soybean breeding lines by examining their responses to sowing date and row spacing." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 5 (1987): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870721.
Full textAbstract:
Seven genotypes, including 5 in the final stages of cultivar selection, were evaluated for their phenological development, yield, seed size, oil concentration and protein concentration in response to changes in sowing date and row spacing over 3 seasons, 1982-83, 1983-84and 1984-85. Genotype x sowing date interactions were detected for both phenological development and yield, particularly with the cultivar Sxy 59. This genotype was most affected by temperature during the pre-flowering phase of early November sowings. It was lower yielding in November sowings but was the highest yielding genotype in January sowings. Its adaptation to January sowings was unexpected because this genotype also showed high photoperiod sensitivity and flowered and matured rapidly in the late sowings. With early sowing, yield of the other cultivars was equivalent, or superior to (P=0.05), that obtained with the recommended early December sowing date, depending on the season. Late sowings caused yield reductions of about 34%. Increases in yield with narrow rows (50 v. 100 cm) were significant (P = 0.05) in 1 season and averaged 5% overall. Genotypexrow spacing interactions were only detected in 1 season, but no genotype was superior to the standard cultivar, Forrest, in adaptation to narrow rows. Thus this study revealed genotype responses which would affect adoption of newly released cultivars. It was concluded that this type of study is valuable in the final stages of a selection program and that these studies should include both early and late sowing dates and be conducted over several seasons.
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Liu, Zhi-ying, Guo-feng Yang, Xi-liang Li, et al. "Autumn dormancy regulates the expression of cas18, vsp and corF genes during cold acclimation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 6 (2016): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15289.
Full textAbstract:
As a global forage legume, lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) is valuable for studying the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms of plant adaptation to freezing, owing to the characteristic of contrasting winter hardiness induced by autumn dormancy. Autumn-dormant lucerne plants often exhibit greater cold tolerance than non-dormant plants under natural field conditions. The study examined the autumn shoot growth of four diverse lucerne cultivars, and the influence of two sampling dates in late autumn, three sampling positions and four autumn-dormancy categories on cas18, vsp and corF gene transcripts during the first year of lucerne establishment. Results showed that in field-grown lucerne, non-dormant and highly non-dormant cultivars had greater shoot growth than a dormant cultivar in autumn. The level of transcripts of cas18 (which encodes a dehydrin-like protein) was highest in dormant cultivars and lowest in semi-dormant cultivars in both November and December; in particular, the cas18 transcripts in the crown remained highest in both November and December. The level of transcripts of vsp (which encodes vegetative storage protein) in all dormant cultivar tissues was highest in both November and December. In semi-dormant cultivars, the expression of vsp in the taproot increased compared with the lateral root and crown in November. The corF transcript in the dormant cultivar was markedly higher than in the semi-dormant cultivar and almost zero in the non-dormant and highly non-dormant cultivars. These results indicate that the significant impact of autumn dormancy and plant position on gene expression of cas18, vsp and corF occurring during autumn hardening, and continuing low temperatures, are likely to have significant consequences on lucerne productivity and its long-term persistence.
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KOUTROUBAS, S. D., S. FOTIADIS, C. A. DAMALAS, and M. PAPAGEORGIOU. "Grain-filling patterns and nitrogen utilization efficiency of spelt (Triticum spelta) under Mediterranean conditions." Journal of Agricultural Science 152, no. 5 (2013): 716–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859613000324.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYThe identification of factors determining the adaptation and nitrogen (N) utilization of spelt wheat is important for the successful introduction of the crop to a new environment. The present study was carried out to investigate the relative importance of grain-filling rate and duration of grain growth and to analyse the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) and biomass production efficiency of spelt under Mediterranean conditions. The performance of spelt was evaluated in relation to a well-adapted bread wheat cultivar. Three spelt cultivars (Ressac, Poème and Cosmos) and one bread wheat cultivar (Centauro) were grown for two growing seasons on a silty clay soil under two N levels (0 and 100 kg N/ha). Grain-filling parameters were estimated using the cubic polynomial model. This model provided good fit to the grain-filling data of spelt cultivars, with high coefficients of determination (R2) that ranged from 0·868 to 0·999. Cultivar differences were found for all grain-filling parameters studied, and these differences accounted for most of the variation observed within each particular grain-filling component in both years. Grain filling of spelt plants took place under adverse environmental conditions, mainly high temperatures, which led to a shortening of the grain-filling period. This fact was not fully compensated by the increase in the grain-filling rate, and eventually resulted in a reduction of the final spelt grain weight. Selection for early-flowering cultivars could be a successful strategy to moderate the influence of the environment on grain filling and improve the adaptation of spelt under Mediterranean conditions. The mean grain-filling rate was positively correlated with dry matter translocation, suggesting the crucial role of reserve assimilates in the vegetative tissues for the grain growth of spelt. The efficiency of N utilization to produce biomass was greater during the grain-filling period than the vegetative period. Averaged across N application rates, NUtE in spelt ranged from 20·1 to 29·5 g grain/g plant N. Cultivar differences in NUtE were observed in both years. Grain yield per unit grain N (grain DM/grain total N at maturity) contributed more to the total variation in NUtE among spelt cultivars compared with N harvest index (NHI). Spelt showed lower NUtE values, probably due to its higher grain N concentration and lower NHI compared with wheat. Low straw N concentration at maturity may be an indicator of improved NUtE in spelt, as evidenced by the negative relationship detected between the two variables. These results provide a better understanding of factors related with the adaptation and N utilization of spelt under Mediterranean conditions.
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NEWTON, A. C., D. C. GUY, and K. PREEDY. "Wheat cultivar yield response to some organic and conventional farming conditions and the yield potential of mixtures." Journal of Agricultural Science 155, no. 7 (2017): 1045–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961700017x.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYA range of wheat cultivars, including elite cultivars, older cultivars and some preferred by organic growers, were trialled under high and low nitrogen (N) conventional and organic conditions to determine whether cultivars that yield highly under organic conditions have the same relative yield under conventional conditions. A range of cultivar mixtures was also assessed to see whether these gave yield advantages or superiority in either farming system. The conventional trials were grown with and without full fungicide programmes, which largely controlled disease. Amongst the cultivars, Alchemy showed superior yield under organic conditions as did Pegassos, but under conventional conditions Pegassos was always one of the low-ranking cultivars. Under conventional conditions the more recent cultivars Alchemy, Glasgow and Istabraq yielded highly, while an older one, Consort, yielded highly under low fertilizer conditions, and both Ambrosia and Deben also yielded highly generally. Fungicide and high N favoured the disease-susceptible, high-yield cultivars such as Glasgow whereas Consort, an older susceptible cultivar, was favoured by fungicide and low N. Together this demonstrates that whilst the yield characteristics of some elite germplasm are also expressed under organic conditions, at least one cultivar that yielded poorly under conventional conditions showed adaptation towards the organic conditions of these trials. Other cultivars yielding poorly under conventional conditions also gave poor yield under organic conditions. The equal proportion mixtures of cultivars grown under conventional conditions showed no evidence of differences in yield from the mean of the component cultivars grown separately, but combinations of Glasgow, Alchemy and Istabraq gave consistently high yield.
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Brock, J. L., M. G. Hyslop, and K. H. Widdup. "A review of red and white clovers in the dryland environment." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 11 (January 1, 2003): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.11.2003.3001.
Full textAbstract:
Red and white clovers are best adapted to areas with good soil fertility and adequate soil moisture (750 mm annual rainfall), particularly over summer (150 mm), and are therefore restricted to small areas such as the more fertile valley floors and lower shady slopes in dryland environments. To extend their range and aid survival in dry environments, grazing management and cultivar selection are critical. Continual grazing (set stocking) during spring leads to a dense grass pasture, providing protection from desiccation for white clover stolons in the following summer. White clover cultivars have an inbuilt plasticity that allows morphological adaptation to changes in grazing management. For instance, set stocking in combination with a small-leafed cultivar results in a reduction of plant size but an increase in the stolon population, leading to better plant survival through drought periods. Where drought leads to stolon death, reseeding becomes a viable mechanism for clover persistence, and grazing management has a major influence on survival of new seedlings. For red clover, there is evidence that 'creeping' types survive better than 'crown' types in hill country, but the scope for extending red clover into drier areas is more limited. Key words: cultivars, drought, dryland, grazing management, morphological adaptation, persistence, red clover, reseeding, summer rainfall, Trifolium repens, T. pratense, white clover
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Miranda, João M. de S., Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante, Inez V. de M. Oliveira, Paulo R. C. Lopes, and Joston S. de Assis. "Fruit quality of ‘Eva’ e ‘Princesa’ apples grown under nitrogen fertigation in semiarid climate." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 19, no. 10 (2015): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n10p967-972.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe production of high quality fruits is a necessary factor for the adaptation and production of plant species with economic viability. Thus, an experiment was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the fruit quality of the ‘Eva’ and ‘Princesa’ apple cultivars as a function of nitrogen fertilization in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4, corresponding to apple cultivars (Eva and Princesa) and nitrogen doses (40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1), with four replications and three plants in each plot. The fruit characteristics, such as fruit mass, skin color (luminosity, chromaticity, and colour angle), size (width and length), pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and the SS/TA ratio, were recorded. Nitrogen doses do not affect fruit quality of studied apple cultivars. The fruit quality attributes are different between apple cultivars: fruit firmness, SS/TA ratio, fruit mass and fruit diameter are superior for Princesa cultivar, while the fruit length for Eva cultivar is superior.
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Bravo, Mae Ann, Marissa Barbosa, Lisa Arce, et al. "Variation in Root System Architecture and Lead Accumulation in Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Cultivars Bayou Belle and Beauregard." HortScience 60, no. 6 (2025): 871–77. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci18492-25.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this work was to generate species-specific information about root system architecture (RSA) adaptations to simulated natural levels of lead (Pb) during the establishment phase and onset of storage root formation in sweetpotato. In two separate experiments repeated two times, sweetpotato cultivars Bayou Belle (BB) and Beauregard (BX) were grown on sand substrate and provided with 0.5X Hoagland’s nutrient solution with varying levels of Pb: 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg·L−1. All experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. In the first experiment, entire root systems were sampled at 5, 10, and 15 days to represent key adventitious root (AR) developmental stages. The cultivars displayed variation in RSA attributes. Cultivar BB consistently exhibited higher lateral root (LR) number and greater root length than BX under all treatment levels. In contrast, BX main root length (MRL) treated with 10 mg·L−1 Pb increased 83%, 21%, and 15% relative to the untreated controls at 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively. A second experiment was conducted to collect storage root samples at 50 days. Storage root length, width, and length-to-width ratio did not vary with Pb levels in both cultivars. However, there was a cultivar-specific variation in storage root Pb accumulation across Pb treatments. The cultivar BB did not exhibit variation in storage root Pb accumulation across Pb treatment levels. In contrast, the cultivar BX demonstrated a 200- and 300-fold Pb accumulation at 20 and 30 mg·L−1 Pb treatment levels relative to the untreated BX control plants and significantly higher relative to BB storage roots grown at similar levels. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased root mass is associated with low accumulation of Pb. This study provides the first documented evidence of sweetpotato RSA responses to Pb at concentrations commonly found in agricultural soils. The findings corroborate evidence from model systems and well-characterized species of genotype-specific variability in RSA adaptation to Pb presence. Linking RSA responses to Pb tolerance will support crop improvement efforts to develop cultivars with reduced Pb accumulation.
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Jefferson, Paul G., and W. Paul McCaughey. "Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Cultivar Adaptation, Biomass Production, and Cellulose Concentration as Affected by Latitude of Origin." ISRN Agronomy 2012 (October 24, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/763046.
Full textAbstract:
Ten cultivars of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) of northern and southern origins that had demonstrated adaptation to North Dakota were evaluated for biomass production, cellulose concentration, and nutritive value in the southern Canadian prairie region: Saskatchewan and Manitoba. In this region, cultivars adapted to northern latitudes present interest for biomass production. Latitude of origin of the cultivars was positively correlated to stand density (r=0.83, P<0.01), biomass production (r=0.69, P<0.01), and cellulose (r=0.84, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with organic matter digestibility (r=−0.86, P<0.01) and N (r=−0.85, P<0.01). Dacotah and ND 3743, the northern origin cultivars, were more persistent in Brandon, MB (94 to 100% stand density) and exhibited higher cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations than southern cultivars. Southern cultivars produced higher biomass than northern-origin cultivars until they suffered significant stand and biomass decline. Cave-in-Rock, the southern origin cultivar, did not persist in the third year after seeding. However, southern-adapted cultivars exhibited better nutritive value for grazing cattle. We conclude that switchgrass production in the southern Canadian prairie should utilize the USA cultivars from northern latitudes or adapted Canadian cultivars should be developed.
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Oliver, DP, JW Gartrell, KG Tiller, R. Correll, GD Cozens, and BL Youngberg. "Differential responses of Australian wheat cultivars to cadmium concentration in wheat grain." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 5 (1995): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950873.
Full textAbstract:
Cadmium concentration in grain was studied for wheat cultivars grown nationally in the Interstate Wheat Variety (IWV) experiments (1988 and 1989) and cultivars grown in the Western Australian (WA) experiments (1990-1992). These experiments covered a range of differing soil and environmental conditions. The adaptation of these cultivars to changes in cadmium potential at a site was determined. Significant cultivar effects were identified, but these were less significant than the site effects. The Cd concentrations in grain exceeded the current Australian maximum permitted concentration (MPC) of 0.05 mg kg-1 at one site in the IWV experiments while the concentration exceeded the MPC at a larger proportion of sites in the WA experiments. Several trends in cultivar accumulation of Cd in grain were evident. Reeves and Kulin were found to have the highest Cd concentration at a number of sites for several years in both the IWV and WA experiments. The similar pedigrees of these two cultivars suggest that while wheat breeders were selecting for certain traits during the breeding selection process, they were inadvertently selecting for the ability to accumulate Cd. In the 1992 WA cultivar experiments, generally Aroona had the highest Cd concentration in grain. Aroona has different pedigree to Reeves and Kulin. Several of the cultivars that were low Cd accumulators also had similar pedigrees. This indicates that there is potential for selecting lines that are low Cd accumulators to be grown in areas where Cd accumulation in grain is a problem.