Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cultural cannibalism'

There is a conflict on the island of Rota in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands between conservationists and the cultural traditions of Chamorro inhabitants. The traditional model of broadcasting media to a wide audience is not effective in intervening in environmental conflicts within indigenous communities compared to an emerging model of filmmaking that embraces local voices and perspectives. Historically, indigenous depictions in media tend to misrepresent "Others" in order to reinforce the imperialist interests of Western society. Within this essay I intend to analyze how Western media suppresses indigenous voice while investigating strategies for the creation of effective environmental films targeted towards specific local audiences. Awareness of the mistakes of filmmakers of the past combined with the availability of inexpensive production and distribution technologies will allow alternative models of filmmaking to portray a diversity of perspectives. Environmental films that feature indigenous voices allow local communities to define and strengthen their own cultural values while creating texts that broaden global understandings of the diversity of the human experience.

A presente dissertação se propõe a criar pontes entre certas manifestações das artes dramáticas contemporâneas e a Psicologia Cultural. Com esse fim, as próximas páginas se debruçarão sobre o projeto teatral Jaguar Cibernético, de autoria do teatrólogo Francisco Carlos, assim como sobre seu trabalho continuado dentro do teatro brasileiro por mais de 40 anos. Trataremos ainda das cercanias intelectuais, sociais e culturais de sua obra, que conta com mais de 40 espetáculos encenados, ainda pouco explorados pela Ciência
This text aims to create connections among certain contemporary theatre and Cultural Psychology. To achieve it, the next pages are going to discuss Jaguar Cibernético theatrical project, authored by Francisco Carlos, and also his continued work inside brazilian theatre for more than 40 years. We are going to present his works intelectual, social and cultural surroundings, composed by more than 40 spectacles ennacted, still unexplored by Science

The present thesis uses as its primary source of inspiration Argentine author Abel Posse's El largo atardecer del caminante (1992), which boasts the historically-based, unconventional Spanish conquistador, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, as its main protagonist and narrator. I explore the juxtaposition of two opposing forms of metaphorical consumption in the novel. To highlight the first, I apply to the fictional Cabeza de Vaca the general concept of antropofagia cultural, or "cultural cannibalism," as described by Brazilian writer Oswald de Andrade in his "Manifesto Antropófago" (1928). I specifically examine the symbolic development of Posse's Cabeza de Vaca as the first latinoamericano via cultural anthropophagy. Over time, the life-altering experiences during the course of his wanderings in North and South America convert him into an antropófago cultural by virtue of his conscientious, metaphorical consumption of the Other. By extension, Cabeza de Vaca becomes a model for the first latinoamericano, wrought, not through miscegenation, but rather through cultural contact. The second kind of consumption, on the other extreme, is represented in the novel through sixteenth-century Spain and its quasi-literal, compulsive consumption and subsequent expulsion of the New World Other. This is seen through the optic of the fictional Cabeza de Vaca in his waning moments in Seville. Posse's rendition of Spain, as seen through his historically-inspired narrator, is representative of the metaphorical indigestion caused by a thoughtless consumption of products, practices, lands, and even people from the New World. I put on display the manner in which sixteenth-century Spain is portrayed in the novel as suffering a figurative bloating, consuming so much, so fast, seemingly growing large and powerful until it is ultimately revealed as being sick and weak.

Many of Toni Morrison's African-American characters attempt to change their circumstances either by embracing the white dominant culture that surrounds them or by denying it. In this thesis I explore several ways in which the characters do just that-either embrace or deny the white culture's right to dominion over them. This thesis deals primarily with five of Toni Morrison's novels: The Bluest Eye, Beloved, Paradise, Sula, and Tar Baby.

Este trabalho busca analisar como Monteiro Lobato concretiza seu projeto de construção de uma literatura infantil brasileira, em obras constituintes da coleção do Sítio do Picapau Amarelo, especialmente através do livro Peter Pan, de 1930. A personagem homônima original do escocês James Matthew Barrie apareceu pela primeira vez em uma peça de teatro em 1910, em Londres, e tornou-se um clássico contemporâneo, largamente adaptado e traduzido, inclusive pelos estúdios de animação de Walt Disney. Lobato, que era tradutor, escolheu não apenas traduzir a obra de Barrie, mas apropriar-se dela no universo do Sítio; nos livros do brasileiro, a história do menino que não quer crescer é contada pela personagem Dona Benta a seus netos; a partir daí, diversas propriedades ficcionais do original britânico se manifestam em muitos momentos na obra infantil do paulista. Esse recurso é consoante com uma prática defendida pela geração de escritores do modernismo brasileiro de 1922: a antropofagia. Embora Lobato fosse dissidente do grupo, e apesar de sua prosa para adultos ter sido pouco modernista, sua literatura infantil se mostra extremamente similar àquilo que o grupo de Oswald de Andrade e Mário de Andrade defendia. Com base em Lajolo e Ceccantini (2008), Zilberman (1982), Vieira (2008) e White (2011), este trabalho busca mostrar como se dá o entrecruzamento antropofágico da obra de Barrie com a de Lobato, e como o paulista construiu sua literatura nacionalista para crianças. Em Peter Pan de Lobato, há dois universos mágicos e sobrenaturais que se sobrepõem: o Sítio e a Terra do Nunca; o escopo analítico deste trabalho passa, então, por teóricos do modo literário insólito / fantástico, como Todorov (2007), Roas (2014), García et al. (2007), e outros. Além disso, busca-se analisar a visão do Brasil que o escritor paulista conseguia vincular à sua literatura infantil, pensando em identidade regional, nacional e no contexto de globalização, com base em Hall (2005), Said (2011), e em considerações sobre região e nação. A conclusão é que Lobato era um tradutor cultural que conseguia trazer aos leitores do país, pioneiramente, histórias antigas e novas que eram produzidas no exterior, vestindo-as à brasileira, digerindo-as de maneira antropofágica, e que sua influência ficcional é visível até os dias de hoje, no que diz respeito à formação de uma identidade brasileira moderna.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq
This thesis aims at examining to what extend Brazilian writer Monteiro Lobato brings out his children's literature project in the books of the Sítio do Picapau Amarelo series, focusing especially on the novel Peter Pan, released in 1930. The original story by Scottish playwright James Matthew Barrie first appeared in a play in London in 1910, and became a contemporary classic, widely adapted and translated, including film versions by Walt Disney studios. Lobato, who was a famous translator, chose not only to translate the work of Barrie, but to absorb it into his own fiction; in the Brazilian books, the story of the boy who does not grow up is told by the character Dona Benta to her grandchildren; from there on, several fictional properties of the original British story manifest in many instances to the children of São Paulo. This feature is in line with Brazilian modernism writers of 1922, who defended Antropofagia (literary cannibalism), that is, a sharp reinforcement of the Brazilian identity in literature, by absorbing foreign aesthetics and transforming them into something original. Although Lobato was a dissident of that group, and even though his prose for adults was not very modernistic, his books for children are similar, in some ways, to what Oswald de Andrade and Mario de Andrade were producing in the early 1920’s. Based on Lajolo and Ceccantini (2008), Zilberman (1982), Vieira (2008) and White (2011), this paper shows the intertwining fiction of Barrie and Lobato, and how the Brazilian books get to defend a sort of nationalism. In Lobato’s Peter Pan, two supernatural worlds converge: Sítio do Picapau Amarelo and Neverland; thus, this paper analyses both fictional worlds based on fantasy literature theories, such as the works of Todorov (2007), Roas (2014) and García et al. (2007). Moreover, this analysis seeks to define Lobato’s view of Brazilian identity, based on Hall (2005), Said (2011) and theories of nationalism. The conclusion is that Lobato was a cultural translator, who could bring to the country's readers old and new stories that were produced abroad, making them very Brazilian, by digesting them in a cannibalistic way. His fictional influence is, actually, visible until today, as it helped in the formation of a modern Brazilian identity.

Adult fish that belong to the family Poeciliidae cannibalise juveniles, both in the wild and under captive conditions, but this behaviour has only been partly investigated in the Poeciliidae in some of the commercially valuable species. The objective of the research is to develop an understanding of intercohort cannibalism and parturition-associated behaviour in captive-bred swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri), with applications to industry and future research of other poeciliids. Experiments investigating the effect of adult stocking density and sex ratio on the production of juveniles were used to determine if cannibalism occurs under culture conditions. The average rate of intercohort cannibalism ranged from (5.5 to 53.9%), and was positively density dependent and independent of sex ratio, indicating that males and females were probably equally cannibalistic. The highest number of juveniles (1725.7±141.4) produced per tank over 70 days was obtained from two males and eight females. To develop a better understanding of adult and juvenile behaviour during parturition, fish were observed under controlled laboratory conditions using video and behaviours such as attack (burst of speed by an adult in the direction of a juvenile), escape (avoidance of cannibalism after attack) and cannibalism (predation of a live juvenile by an adult), for example, were identified. Under laboratory conditions most young escaped in downward direction after attack (49%) and most utilised the refuge made that was made available. Furthermore, most attacks (62-65%) and cannibalism (57-84%) occurred at the bottom. Since the presence of refuge significantly increased the rate of juvenile survival under culture conditions, it was hypothesised that the rate of cannibalism could be reduced under farming conditions if juveniles were protected when they escaped downwards. This hypothesis was accepted as it was found that refuge at the bottom of the water column or the inclusion of a false-bottom reduced the rate of cannibalism by 49% and 72%, respectively. Similarly, the hypothesise that the rate of cannibalism could be reduced if juveniles where given protection when escaping sideways (32% of juveniles escaped sideways in the laboratory) was also accepted when tested under farm-scale conditions because a false-side reduced the rate of cannibalism by an average of 45%. Since males and females were equally responsible for cannibalising juveniles in the laboratory, it was hypothesised that the rate of cannibalism would decrease proportionately with the removal of males (Le. 20% of the cannibals) from the population; the removal of males under farming conditions resulted in a 19.5% reduction in the rate of cannibalism. Since older juveniles were better able to escape cannibalism than neonates and since adults habituate to stimuli that previously resulted in attack behaviour, it was hypothesised that the rate of cannibalism would remain unaffected by the length of time that juveniles were exposed to adults in the breeding tanks. This hypothesis was also accepted when tested under farm conditions. However, some hypotheses based on laboratory observations were not accepted. For example, a constant low light intensity did not appear to decrease the rate of cannibalism under farm conditions; also, the occurrence of dead and deformed juveniles went unnoticed in the laboratory, and under farm conditions, where adults did not have access to the bottom of the tank, 10% of the harvest consisted of dead and deformed juveniles. It is concluded that technologies, such as bottom-refuge or a false-side, that increase the size of the liveharvest and allow for the removal of potentially less viable offspring are recommended for the commercial production of poeciliids. The overall similarity of X. helleri behaviour between the laboratory experiments and the farm-scale trials suggests that the post-partum behaviour of X. helleri remains consistent under these different conditions; thus, behaviour under one set of conditions may be used to predict behaviour under other conditions. The application and significance of extrapolations to industry and future research of X. helleri and possibly other poeciliids were discussed and the most applicable laboratory observations with the highest extrapolation capacity were proposed. Furthermore, techniques were developed to aid industry and future researchers in making predictions relating to behaviour of X. helleri under different conditions based on laboratory observations. The results were used to develop a model indicating that selection pressures against cannibalism are not likely to exist at the rate of cannibalism observed here since the potential genetic gain through kin survival and inclusive fitness was shown to be greater than any potential genetiC loss experienced by a victim of cannibalism. The model was successfully tested under a range of social conditions. Other possible explanations for cannibalism in poeciliids, such as parental manipulation, nutritional advantages, opportunistic predation and the recovery of energy are discussed. It is suggested that the most likely proximate cause of cannibalism under captive conditions is opportunistic predation. The theory that cannibalism ensures that only viable genes of the victim are expressed, through inclusive fitness, is a possible ultimate cause of cannibalism, which may have been inherited from feral ancestors of captive-bred X. helleri.

The primary objective of this study was to examine environmental parameters thought to affect cannibalism in certain fish species. It was found that environmental, behavioural, genetic and physiological factors all affect cannibalism in the species exhibiting the phenomenon. The diversity of factors nfluencing cannibalism served to illustrate the complexity of this behaviour pattern. Feeding to satiation was found to suppress cannibalism in catfish, trout and koi carp. High population densities were found to increase the rate of cannibalism, thereby acting as a population regulation mechanism for catfish, trout and the common and koi carps. Live food, as compared with dry pelletized feed was found to significantly suppress cannibalistic aggression. Catfish grown in total darkness, provided with refuges and living in turbid conditions were found to exhibit lowered cannibalistic and territorial aggression. Various lines of evidence suggested that cannibalism has a genetic basis, as was shown by the differences in cannibalistic behaviour of the two strains of Cyprinus carpio, viz. common and koi carp, with cannibalism being higher in the latter. This finding substantiates the hypothesis that cannibalism is genetically controlled and therefore open to evolutionary change. It is concluded that cannibalism is adaptive in times of food limitation, but that it is merely a by-product of normal feeding behaviour when food is abundant. Since cannibalism is advantageous and thus adaptive, the question arises ai to whether selection is occurring at the individual or the population level (or both). It was concluded that it is acting at the individual level, and that any benefits accruing at the population level iv were simply the effect of the initial cause, viz. individual selection. One of the aims of this study was to determine whether cannibalistic tendencies in fish are influenced by differing life history style trajectories. Based on the results of this study it is hypothesized that cannibalism is an r-selected trait. wi th the understanding gained from the knowl edge of the fundamental principles governing cannibalism, certain recommendations for its control in fish culture could be made. It is, however, imperative that further intensive studies be carried out to understand more fully this complex subject. General "rules" for regulating cannibalism could be helpful for any given cannibalistic species. However, in considering the differing life-history styles of each species, it becomes evident that species-specific guidelines need to be worked out. Until then, any suggestions for cannibalistic control offered to the aquaculturist can only serve as unrefined tools.

Certains récits populaires nous renvoient à des angoisses extrêmes et à un imaginaire peuplé de mythes fondateurs, de récits bibliques et contes monstrueux. « Serions-nous « tous cannibales » comme l’écrivit Lévi-Strauss, « Après tout, le moyen le plus simple d’identifier autrui à soi-même c’est encore de le manger». En privilégiant le cadre familial, cette étude pluridisciplinaire propose d’extraire quelques personnages cannibaliques par l’adaptation artistique de ces figures emblématiques. Ainsi Cronos, Le Léviathan, Le loup et la petite fille qui dévorent mère-grand….ont nourri notre imaginaire.… Cette peur immémoriale d’être dévoré et cette envie récurrente de dévorer l’autre, se répondent mutuellement. Les lois complexes de la parenté soulignent des relations intergénérationnelles parfois voraces, que sauront transposer les artistes dans leurs œuvres avec notamment des couples fusionnels aux baisers mordants, des Vierges allaitantes, ou d’individus pourvus de ventres aux fonctions contraires. Ce cannibalisme imaginaire et symbolique replacé dans le domaine des arts, suscite plusieurs interrogations ; Pourquoi certains plasticiens questionnent-ils toujours notre appréhension du monde, à travers ces récits populaires ? Comment ces histoires anciennes sont-elles resituées dans l’art contemporain, au sein d’une société avide d’appropriation ? Sous quelles formes artistiques, ce thème de l’oralité, avec cette envie de cannibaliser ou de vampiriser autrui, est-il imaginé aujourd’hui ? Ces récits ont évolué mais l’Homme face à ses contradictions récurrentes, à sa troublante dualité, a-t-il changé ? Par le cordon (ombilical) en fil rouge, les artistes, vont tenter de (dé)nouer tous nos rapports ambivalents avec les autres. Et par la force de ces réincarnations contemporaines au prisme de l’anthropologie et de la psychanalyse, nous vivrons ainsi toutes les étapes artistiques et esthétiques de ce processus cannibalique, en empruntant tous les chemins sinueux de la dévoration, la digestion et enfin la déjection
Some popular stories lead to extreme repressed anxiety and to an imaginary world made of founding myths, biblical stories and monstrous folk tales. “Could we all be cannibals “asked Lévi-Strauss, “After all, the best way to identify to someone else would be to eat them”. By privileging the family setting, this multidisciplinary study offers to highlight a few cannibal characters by the artistic adaptation of these iconc figures. Cronos, Leviathan, the wolf of the little Red Riding Hood, ave nourished our fantasy world. This eternal fear of being eaten and this recurring desire to eat others are closely intertwined. The complex laws of parenting stress the sometimes voracious intergenerational relationships, the artists transposing them in their works, as in the biting kisses of fusional couples, breastfeeding Virgins, and creatures with reversed stomachs. This imaginary and symbolic cannibalism in the arts asks a few questions. Why do certain visual artists question our vision of the world, through those popular stories ? How are there ancient narratives shown in art in a society eager to own ? Under which art forms is this oral theme, devouring and cannibalizing or vampirizing others, imagined today ? These stories have indeed evolved, but Man faced to its eternal contradictions, to its disturbing duality, has he really changed ? With the (ombilical) cord as a common thread, artists will try to unravel all our ambivalent relationships with others. And with the force of these contemporary reincarnations through the prism of anthropology and psychoanalysis, we will go through all the artistic and aesthetic steps of this cannibalistic process, from devouring, through digestion, and to end with dejection

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Entre as principais pragas da cultura do milho, destacam-se quatro espécies de lepidópteros da família Noctuidae: a lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), a lagarta-da-espiga Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), e Striacosta albicosta (Smith). Essas espécies podem interagir e competir por alimento, uma vez que apresentam a mesma guilda alimentar, a espiga do milho. Canibalismo/predação também são comportamentos também apresentados durante o estágio larval para a maioria dessas espécies, o que intensifica a competição intraguilda. Somado a isso, o tipo de agroecossistema, que oferece uma grande variação de plantas hospedeiras para as espécies-praga, a recente identificação de H. armigera no continente americano, e também a disperssão de S. albicosta nos EUA, tem trazido vários questionamentos sobre o impacto das interações larvais no manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) e no manejo de resistência dos insetos (MRI). Além disso, o complexo manejo dessas espécies, juntamente com a adoção de híbridos de milho transgênicos (Bt), as doses subletais de Bt, e as estratégias de manejo da resistência, envolvendo as estratégias de refúgio, eleva a importância do comportamento de noctuídeos. Compreender o comportamento e interações larvais, primeiramente em milho não-Bt, é essencial para entender a prevalência de espécies nas culturas agrícolas, e para a obtenção de sucesso no MIP e MRI. Sendo assim, esse estudo avaliou as interações intraguilda de lagartas de diferentes espécies, bem como seus movimentos, através de estudos comportamentais em milho não-Bt. Inicialmente, as interações intraguilda de S. frugiperda, H. zea e S. albicosta foi investigada em condições de laboratório e campo nos EUA, através de cenários de interação em arenas específicas e estruturas de milho. Em outro estudo em laboratório, foi avaliado os movimentos de ataque e defesa entre S. frugiperda e H. zea em diferentes cenários de interação, com e sem alimentação, constituindo um estudo de etograma. Um estudo entre as espécies, anteriormente alopátricas, H. zea e H. armigera, foi conduzido envolvendo a interação intraguilda na cultura do milho, em competição intraespecífica e interespecífica, assim como a ocorrência e proporção das espécies em três regiões brasileiras. Finalmente, a interação intraguilda de S. frugiperda com Helicoverpa spp. foi investigada em cenários em condições de campo de laboratório, em milho no Brasil. Um sistema de rastreamento de vídeo foi utilizado para caracterizar parâmetros de comportamento larval resultado das interações. Em relação ao primeiro estudo, S. frugiperda apresentou vantagem nas interações sobre as outras espécies, enquanto que S. albicosta apresentou desvantagem nas interações. No segundo estudo, S. frugiperda exibiu predominância de movimentos defensivos quando interagindo com H. zea em mesmo ínstar. Por outro lado, lagartas de H. zea apresentaram predominância de comportamentos agressivos, e com canibalismo/predação ocorrendo em interações de sexto ínstar como oponentes de quarto ínstar. No terceiro estudo, H. zea foi predominante no Rio Grande do Sul e na região central do Brasil. No oeste da Bahia, a espécie foi predominante na primeira coleta, sendo a relação H. zea: H. armigera similar na segunda coleta. Lagartas de H. zea apresentaram vantagem na interação com H. armigera. O agroecossistema tem importante papel na ocorrência das espécies e impacta na interação e prevalência destas no meio ambiente. Lagartas de S. frugiperda apresentam vantagens na competição com Helicoverpa spp. Frequência e tempo se alimentando de lagartas de S. frugiperda são negativamente afetadas pelas interações. Lagartas de S. frugiperda movem curtas distâncias em comparação com H. zea.
Among the insect pests from maize crop, stand out the lepidopteran species belonging to Noctuidae family, covering the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), the Old World bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and the western bean cutworm Striacosta albicosta (Smith). These species might interact and compete by food, once they share the same feeding guild, the maize ear. The cannibalism/predation behavior is also present during the larval stage for most of these species, with exception of S. albicosta, which enhance the intraguild competition of them. In addition to this changing agroecosystem, which offer a range of host plant to these species, the recent identification of H. armigera in American continent, and also the dispersion of S. albicosta in the USA, have been raised several concerns involving the impact of larval interactions in the integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance management (IRM). Also, the complex management of these species, along with the adoption of transgenic (Bt) maize hybrids, the sub doses of Bt, and the resistance management strategies, involving refuge strategy, take the importance of noctuids behavior to other level. Understanding the larval behavior and interaction, firstly on non-Bt maize, is essential to find the possible prevalence of species in agricultural crops, and to obtain successes in IPM and IRM. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the intraguild interaction among larvae of different species and their movements, throught behavioral studies on non-Bt maize. Initially, the intraguild interaction of S. frugiperda, H. zea and S. albicosta was investigated under laboratory and field conditions in the USA, using several interaction scenarios with arenas and maize tissue. In another study in laboratory, it was assessed the attack and defense movements between S. frugiperda and H. zea in different interaction scenarios, with and without food, aiming to build an ethogram. A study between the allopatric species, H. zea and H. armigera, was carried out involving their intraguild interactions on maize crops, in intraspecific and interspecific scenarios, as well the larval occurrence and proportion in three regions of Brazil. Finnally, the intraguild interaction of S. frugiperda with the Helicoverpa spp. was investigated on scenarios in laboratory and field conditions, on maize in Brazil. A video-tracking system was utilized to characterize larval behavior parameters resulted from interactions. Regarding the first study, S. frugiperda presented advantage in interaction with the other species, while S. albicosta has disadvantage in the interactions. In the second study, S. frugiperda exhibited a predominance of defensive movements when competing against H. zea in the same instars. On the opposite, larvae of H. zea showed distinguished aggressive movements, with cannibalism and predation occurring in interactions between 6th instar with opponents in 4th instar. In the following study, H. zea was predominant in Rio Grande do Sul and central of Brazil. In western Bahia, the species was predominant in the first crop season, being the relation H. zea: H. armigera more similar in the second crop season. Larvae of H. zea presented advantage in interaction with H. armigera. The agroecosystem plays an important role in the species occurrence and impacts the interactions and prevalence of them in the environment. Larvae of S. frugiperda presented competitive advantage on Helicoverpa spp. Frequency and feeding time period in food of S. frugiperda larvae were negatively affected by interactions. Larvae of S. frugiperda moved shorter distances compared to H. zea.

La réussite d'un programme de lutte biologique ou intégrée est fortement liée à l'agent de lutte impliqué, à ses caractéristiques intrinsèques et à ses différentes interactions avec le milieu cible d'introduction. Une juste identification de l'ennemi naturel, une connaissance approfondie de sa biologie, son écologie, son potentiel de gestion des populations de nuisibles et même, de sa génétique sont indispensables avant son implication dans un tel programme. Ce travail de thèse s'insère dans le cadre de la problématique de limitation des risques sanitaires et environnementaux liés aux productions de fruits et légumes au niveau du bassin méditerranéen. Plus spécifiquement, il s'agit de limiter les impacts phytosanitaires et économiques de certains ravageurs s'attaquant à la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), culture méditerranéenne par excellence. Depuis une vingtaine d'années, la protection biologique et intégrée a considérablement évoluée en mettant en jeu une large gamme d'agents de lutte pour une gestion satisfaisante des principales invasions parasitaires (les deux aleurodes Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) et Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856), et plus récemment le lépidoptère Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) ). Parmi les auxiliaires utilisés en région méditerranéenne, une punaise zoophytophage appartenant au genre Macrolophus (Hemiptera: Miridae) s'est imposée comme la pierre angulaire du contrôle biologique des ravageurs de la tomate. Bien que commercialisé depuis les années 90 sous le nom de Macrolophgus caliginosus, son identité spécifique porte encore à confusion. Ceci est du à la présence dans la zone d'origine (bassin méditerranéen) de deux espèces morphologiquement très proches : Macrolophus caliginosus/melanotoma et Macrolophus pygmaeus. La première partie de la thèse a permis de clarifier ce problème d'identification par une double approche morphologique et moléculaire, et de proposer une nouvelle clé d'identification de toutes les espèces paléarctiques du genre Macrolophus. La deuxième partie s'est focalisée sur des aspects de la bio-écologie de l'espèce commercialisée identifiée dans cette thèse comme M. pygmaeus. L'influence des ressources trophiques sur sa capacité de survie a été d'abord étudiée puis le caractère cannibale de cet agent de lutte a été mis en évidence. L'étroite relation entre sa phytophagie et sa zoophagie a été démontrée et enfin l'impact de la température sur sa réponse fonctionnelle a été caractérisé. Les résultats montrent l'importance de tous ces paramètres sur le potentiel de prédation de M. pygmaeus et soulignent leur contribution à la réussite ou à l'échec de son rôle dans la protection biologique intégrée de la tomate
The success of a biological or integrated pest management control program is deeply dependant of the involved biological control agent as well as its intrinsic characteristics and its various interactions with the target introduction area. Before any implication in such a program an accurate/correct identification, a detailed knowledge of its biology, ecology, potential in pest control are necessary. This work was developed in a context of the sanitary and environmental fruits and vegetables production limitation risk problems. It consists, more specifically, in the phytosanitary and environmental impact limitations of some tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) pests. In the last twenty years, the biological and integrated pest management has considerably changed by involving a large scale of biological control agents for a successful control of the main parasitic invasions (the two whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci [Gennadius, 1889) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856), more recently the moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917)]. Among the natural enemies used on the Mediterranean region, one finds a zoophytophagous bug belonging to the Macrolophus genus (Hemiptera: Miridae. In spite of its marketing since the 1990s under the name Macrolophgus caliginosus, its specific identity still remains unclear. This is due to the presence in the origin zone (Mediterranean area) of two morphologically closed species: Macrolophus caliginosus/melanotoma and Macrolophus pygmaeus. The first part of this thesis shed light on the identification problem through a double morphological and molecular approach. It also provided a new identification key of all the Palaearctic species belonging to the genus Macrolophus. The second part focused on some bio-ecological traits of the commercialised species, identified in this work as M. pygmaeus. The influence of trophic/feeding resources on the survival capacity has been studied and a cannibalistic behaviour has been demonstrated. The close relationship between phytophagy and zoophagy was characterized; finally the impact of temperature on its functional response was described. The results showed the importance of all these parameters on M. pygmaeus predation potential and emphasized their contribution on the success or failure in tomato pest management

Actor training, like the theatre in Brazil, has historically been a middle and upper class pursuit that followed European models, namely Stanislavski's system. Yet within Brazil there is a wealth of diverse cultures that are inherently theatrical and well suited for application in actor training. In this study I explore one such culture, the Afro Brazilian religion Umbanda. First, I examine its formation to illuminate how the religion itself performed (or served as a site for cultural interaction) throughout history. Then, I explore the practice of the religion both apart from and in relation to the theatre and Stanislavski's system. Using the archetypes of Umbanda as a base, I formulate a system of actor training that both allows access to a larger demographic of Brazilians, and also encourages cultural dialogue as an explicit part of acting process. I frame this study with two metaphors: anthropophagy, the notion of cannibalizing or consuming one culture by another; and, more specifically, the digestive tract. The anthropophagy movement in Brazil framed the country's thought throughout much of the 20th century; the digestive tract is a closer examination of the consuming process that epitomizes this system of actor training.

The seventh PopPorn Festival (2017), themed Our Body, Our Rules, revolved around sexual agency and exploration, principles that each film, workshop, and debate addressed in its own way. Inscribed in a transnational feminist and queer-porn film culture, the PopPorn Festival decimated heteropatriarchal norms while creating a space to learn, inspire, and create a variety of sexual perspectives. Epitomizing the concept of cultural cannibalism, these sexual ideas and practices traveled from their country of production to the Brazilian film festival, which absorbed them, thus enriching its own culture. Each film analyzed in this dissertation is itself anthropornophagous, the neologism I devised to express the metaphorical devouring a patriarchal enemy through pornography. These films offer unique avenues of reflection on the place of sexual pleasure and its explicit representation in Western culture, on pornography as a vessel to oppose the heteropatriarchal system, and on the extent to which feminist and queer pornographies can constitute a source of inspiration for shame-free sexual expression. The four films analyzed in this dissertation resist patriarchal oppression on different grounds and react to a state of affairs that is dissatisfying. Not only do they question norms, they also create new ways to be sexually inspired.

(in English) Thesis is focused on issues of cannibalism as an almost universal cultural construct, which we can find across all the world cultures.Particularly it focuses on imaginary man- eating creatures in international folklore and mythology. The work constitutes of four parts. First part is introduction of theoretical-methodological conceptual background, second part forms author's own typological classification of anthropophagi based on materials accessed from universal folklore indexes . Third part is short probing questionnaire research concentrated on a specific type of anthropophagi - boogeyman. The last part, conclusion, summarizes gathered data and provides possibilities of future research. The objective of this work is comprehensive classification of anthropophagus beings according to their type. Based on this classification it is possible to track occurrences of anthropophagi in contemporary folk narratives documented in actual oral transmission and compare it with international parallels.

This thesis analyzes the major theme of ‘postcolonial genealogy’ in portraying the African bending under the weight of colonial history in Le vieux nègre et la médaille, Une vie de boy of Ferdinand Oyono and Le Chercheur d’Afriques of Henri Lopes. Being a product of a colonial Genesis, the African character runs behind the colonizer’s mirror through his Civilizing Mission. René Girard’s ‘double bind’ theory explains how this cultural assimilation is, in Le vieux nègre et la médaille and Une vie de boy, a dead end because the colonizer needs a subordinate and not an equal. The cohabitation of a black housewife with the French Commander in Le Chercheur d’Afriques should be seen as simply an allegory of postcolonial Africa’s dependency on the West. The consequences of the feminization of the African continent are enormous in the post-colonial imaginary. While the colonizer had conquered Africa with his Herculean body, in Oyono’s novels, his Fall is obtained through the aesthetics of Bakhtinian ‘rabaissement’ which degrades his ‘grotesque body’ to that of the colonized. The colonizer and the colonized are neutralized and leveled in their perishable bodies, thus, making futile the Civilizing Mission that operated by ranking races. Power is never total. It is always imperfect, and can never destroy a subjectivity that resists it. In Oyono’s novels, the Fall of the colonial Father is also obtained through the inquisitive gaze that the colonized return back to the colonizer, and through their ‘subversive mimicry’ that parodies his codes. In Une vie de boy and Le Chercheur d’Afriques, the ‘son-Father’ relationship between the hero and the colonial Father, is also symbolic of the ‘Africa-West’ rapports. Living under the specter of the Father, the son has to negotiate his survival between weaning and parricide. The biological miscegenation in Le Chercheur d’Afriques is a metaphor of the ‘rhizome identity’ of the postcolonial African who renounces both the Fathers of Negritude and those of the Civilizing Mission.
Thesis (Ph.D, French) -- Queen's University, 2011-06-24 12:43:30.006