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1
Thompson, Lynda Ann. "Cultural Determinism in "Their Eyes Were Watching God"." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625890.
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Leugi, Guilherme Bergo. "A perspectiva de uma antropologia behaviorista radical : cultura, variação, seleção e transmissão." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4869.
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Previous issue date: 2012-04-13Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Since the early writings on Radical Behaviorism there has been analysis of what is commonly known as the cultural level of variation and selection. Over the past 25 years, approximately, with growing interest by the scientific community on the culture topic, as well as conceptual developments regarding behavioral contingency analogies for the cultural determination, studies on Selection by Consequences model specifically for the culture have gained prominence. Skinner textually defines culture in many different ways throughout his work; nevertheless we believe it was possible to analyze them and theoretically propose an alternative understanding, based on most general principles of Radical Behaviorism with special attention to this theory determinism, regarding the functional relations established among environment and human actions. We understand that it is possible to comprehend the cultural system of determination of behavior as related to the environment which is historically and socially produced, not only referring to sets of behaviors repeated over generations. Cultural practices, as a proposition, would be redefined as parts of the behavioral environment (in this case, comprehended as reinforcing cultural practices). We also believe that it was possible to define a schematic model of determination based on the environmental and historical aspects, which is expected to be comprehensive in relation to culturally determined behavior (whether those behaviors produced in groups or those emitted alone, but which still are socially build). After these analyzes, we took a quick foray into Anthropology attempting to establish ways for the methodological inclusion of ethnography in the field of behavioral study of the culture. The current work is intended as an interpretative possibility and has not, of course, exhausted the subject matter or completely solved the problem of environmental determination on culture.
Desde as primeiras formulações em Behaviorismo Radical estão presentes análises do que se conhece como nível cultural de variação e seleção. Nos últimos 25 anos, aproximadamente, com o interesse crescente da comunidade científica da área sobre o tema da cultura, bem como desenvolvimentos conceituais analógicos às contingências comportamentais para a determinação cultural, o estudo acerca Modelo de Seleção pelas Consequências especialmente para a cultura tem ganhado destaque. Skinner, contudo, define cultura de maneiras textualmente diferentes ao longo de suas obras, mas foi possível, ao analisá-las, propor teoricamente uma compreensão alternativa, que se pretende fundamentada nos princípios mais gerais do Behaviorismo Radical, com atenção especial ao determinismo presente nesta teoria, do ponto de vista das relações funcionais estabelecidas entre ações e ambiente. Entende-se que é possível compreender o sistema cultural de determinação de comportamento como relacionado ao ambiente produzido historicamente e socialmente e não somente a conjuntos de comportamentos repetidos ao longo de gerações. Práticas culturais seriam redefinidas, propositivamente, como parte do ambiente do comportamento (neste caso, compreendidas como práticas culturais reforçadoras), e acredita-se, também, que tenha sido possível definir um esboço de modelo de determinação, baseado em características ambientais e históricas que seja abrangente em relação ao comportamento determinado culturalmente (tanto aquele produzido nos grupos, quanto aquele emitido individualmente mas ainda sim socialmente construído). Ao fim destas análises, resumidas incursões ao campo da Antropologia foram feitas na direção de tentativamente abrir caminho para a inclusão metodológica, fundamentada, da etnografia para o estudo comportamental da cultura. O atual trabalho se propõe uma possibilidade interpretativa não tendo, certamente, esgotado o assunto ou encerrado a questão da determinação ambiental em cultura.
3
Günther, Siloni, and Anna Edlund. "Culture and the Municipality - A Love Story? : Exploring what determines cultural spending decisions." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149696.
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This paper examines possible determinants of per capita local government spending on culture and the arts in Sweden within the median voter framework. Here, our analysis is based on a cross-sectional data set consisting of all 290 Swedish municipalities in the year of 2016. The results obtained through OLS regression show that the variables Left-wing Parties, Education, as well as Senior citizens affect cultural spending decisions made by the municipalities positively, while the variable Median Income has a negative impact. Here, the share of mandates held by left-wing parties is found to stand out, as political orientation towards the left relates to a higher level of cultural spending, whereas the remaining three display rather small effects. Thereby, we conclude that the main reasoning behind cultural spending depends on the ideology of the political leaders, the median voter’s preference, whereby the aspect of a municipality’s location may be explored further.
4
MacIntyre, Hector. "Material Culture and Technological Determinism." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31939.
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This dissertation has two results. First, I argue that each of the two basic components of technological determinism (TD)—what I call the inexorability thesis and the autonomy thesis—are plausible claims on a naturalistic stance. Second, I argue that a normative model for the design of cognitive systems can guide the practice of cognitive engineering, e.g. the task of building cognitive aids and enhancements. TD conjoins two logically independent but empirically related claims. The inexorability thesis is the claim that technology change is an evolutionary process. I defend this claim against considerations raised by Lewens, most notably the lack of a robust account of artifact reproduction that would underwrite genuine transmission. I consider (but reject) the solution of memeticists to this problem. I find that theorists of cultural evolution, e.g. Boyd and Richerson (among others), do present a plausible response. Technologies can be said to evolve via the cumulative selective process of cultural retention. The autonomy thesis is the claim that features of human cognitive agency arise from material culture. I argue for this thesis through a consideration of the merits of Preston’s theory of material culture. Her sociogeneric approach attributes human cognitive agency to a material cultural genesis, and this approach is backed by strong anthropological evidence. Preston would not accept the thesis but she does not manage to exclude it, despite an admirable attempt to develop an account of innovation. I also consider the design of technologies in the practice of cognitive engineering and propose adopting a normative theory of factitious intellectual virtue as a model to guide design in this arena.
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Casanave, Carlota Maria Ibertis de Lassalle. "O desafio de Prometeu : sobre cultura e moralidade na teoria freudiana." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278873.
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Orientador: Luiz Roberto MonzaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Roberts-Walter, Patricia Fay. "Determining the validity and reliability of the Cultural Awareness and Beliefs Inventory." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3270807.
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Sheppard, William James. "The Tanner and Boundary Maintenance: Determining Ethnic Identity." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625498.
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Roberts-Walter, Patricia Fay. "Determining the validity and reliability of the cultural awareness and beliefs inventory." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6013.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the
Cultural Awareness and Beliefs Inventory (CABI). The CABI consist of forty-six items
that measures urban teachersâ cultural awareness and beliefs on a Likert-type four-point
scale. In addition, this study also examined the extent the CABI determined statistically
significant differences by demographic characteristics, such as teachersâ ethnicity or
years of teaching experience.
During the 2005âÂÂ2006 academic year, data for this study was collected from the
Cultural Awareness and Beliefs Inventory (CABI). Approximately 1873 Prekindergarten
through Grade 12 teachers, employed by an urban public school district
located in southeastern Texas, completed the survey.
Construct validity was determined by internal consistency, content validity,
convergent and divergent validity. To investigate the internal structure, an exploratory
factor analysis, EFA, yielded an eight-factor, 36-item inventory. The eight factors,
Factor I: Teachersâ Beliefs, Factor II: School Climate, Factor III: Culturally Responsive Classroom Management, Factor IV: Home Community School, Factor V: Cultural
Awareness, Factor VI: Curriculum and Instruction, Factor VII: Cultural Sensitivity, and
Factor VIII: Teacher Efficacy were examined by a jury of experts to establish the
content validity of the eight-factor, 36-item inventory. Convergent and divergent validity
was established for six of the eight constructs by conducting a Pearson product moment
correlation. CronbachâÂÂs alpha coefficient was conducted to measure the internal
consistency reliability of the 36-item CABI. The reliability was established at .83.
Further, the alpha for the eight factors, or scales, ranged from 46 percent for
TE to 88 percent for CRCM.
Differences in the teachersâ perceptions by teachersâ ethnicity were determined
for TB, CRCM, CS and TE. Follow-up Scheffe post hoc analyses indicated that African
American teachers had significantly more positive perceptions of TB, CRCM, and CS.
Hispanic American teachers had significantly more positive perceptions of TE.
Differences in the teachersâ perceptions by years of experience were determined for
CRCM and HCS. Follow-up Scheffe post hoc analyses indicated that teachers with more
years of experience had significantly more positive perceptions of CRCM than first year
teachers. First year teachers had significantly more positive perceptions of HCS.
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Baumann, Christoph Markus. "Cross-cultural analysis of determining factors in private banking, an exploratory study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0013/MQ61408.pdf.
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Winston, Brian Norman. "How does technological development and adoption occur in the media? : a cultural determinist model." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2006. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/12623/.
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The thesis hereby submitted, ‘How Does Technological Development And Adoption Occur In The Media? A Cultural Determinist Model’ was originally published in Media Technology and Society A History: from the telegraph to the Internet (London: Routledge 1998) and Technologies of Seeing: Photography, Cinematography and Television (London: British Film Institute 1996). The argument outlined in those two books is further supported and updated by six other texts published between 1995 and 2005 on the same topic. Media Technology and Society A History: from the telegraph to the Internet deals with the development of electrical and electronic mass media proposing a model for the nature of such developments. It is a final iteration of an approach to this history which has its origins in work first begun in the 1970s. Technologies of Seeing: Photography, Cinematography and Television applies the same model to photographic and cinematographic technologies. The thesis argues that all these media developments can only be understood in a social context; that they are to be understood as examples of what has become known as ‘socially shaped technology’ (or, in terms of the thesis, ‘cultural determinism’). This is contrary to the received dominant view that technology itself is the driver determining social formation – termed the ‘technological determinist’, ‘technicist’ or ‘diffusion theory’ approach. In rejecting technicism, ‘How Does Technological Development And Adoption Occur In The Media? A Cultural Determinist Model’ proposes instead an original, pioneering contribution to a revisionist cultural determinist/SST historiography as well as outlining a model to explicate at a theoretical level how such innovations and adoptions occur.
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Kluiters, Georgette. "Determining and modelling the Bluetongue vector landscape." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18893/.
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Bluetongue (BT) is a seasonal vector-borne, viral, disease that causes significant economic and welfare problems in ruminants. It is transmitted by species of Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), and as such, the distribution of the disease is restricted to regions where the vectors are present. Once restricted to tropical and subtropical regions of the world, serotypes of BT have been causing outbreaks in southern Europe, following its introduction in 1998, and in 2006, BT serotype-8 emerged in northern Europe, causing devastating economic, welfare and production consequences. The northwards expansion of BT has been attributed to a shift in the geographic limit of the Culicoides imicola Meigen vector, and the involvement of the newly implicated Palaearctic vectors, the Obsoletus and Pulicaris Groups. Little is known about the ecological characteristics of the newly implicated vectors, or indeed those believed to be non-vectors, including their distribution and abundance, making disease risk assessment and management difficult. Within this thesis, a series of field experiments were initiated on a group of farms to gain insight into the distribution and abundance of Culicoides species. The results highlighted that a very high level of variation is seen when trapping Culicoides at the local-scale, yet it is possible to build a strong model explaining this variation using a mixture of host and environmental variables, with satellite-derived ecological correlates. This high level of variation in midge catches present between farms undermines attempts to record their nationwide distribution in larger scale models. The results uniquely model Obsoletus Group abundance, and highlight a difference in host involvement between vector and non-vector models. Further field studies which showed a lack of significant variation both between years and at the within-farm level highlight the robustness of this model in predicting the distribution of the BT vectors species, such that it could prove useful for exploring targeted surveillance and control methods. Culicoides distributions do not remain static, therefore an understanding of their flight behaviour is critical to determining the distance over which an insect may transmit a disease agent and the size of the area over which control should be applied. Laboratory studies were undertaken to validate the use of commercial fluorescent dusts as a quick and effective method of marking Culicoides for both field and laboratory studies, and a ‘self-marking’ technique was conceived. Dispersal studies, using the dusts, determined the distances that Obsoletus Group females and males, as well as C. pulicaris females, are able to disperse over a set period of time. This knowledge of flight speed and distance is of utmost value as a critical component in the modelling of BT disease and other Culicoides-borne diseases. The Obsoletus Group contains four members (C. obsoletus, C. scoticus, C. chiopterus and C. dewulfi¬) which are difficult to differentiate down a microscope. Using morphometric analyses, female C. obsoletus and C. scoticus individuals could be separated under a stereomicroscope based on abdominal measurements. Studies such as those contained in this thesis, therefore, are of utmost value in providing information on critical components in the modelling of BT disease and other Culicoides-borne diseases.
12
Page, Susan. "Immunological and cultural techniques for determining numbers and activity of microorganisms inoculated into soil." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359245.
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Seldon, Sylvia Renee. "Orania and the reinvention of Afrikanerdom." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14194.
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In 1991 a private town for Afrikaners was established on the bank of the Orange River, in the semi-desert of South Africa’s Northern Cape Province. As a deliberately Afrikaans, and thus white, community, the town’s aims and existence are controversial, but both its principles and practicalities are not unique. Endeavouring to build an Afrikaner homeland in multiracial South Africa seems incongruous, signalling a retreat from social heterogeneity as a fact of the contemporary world. It raises questions about what people do following a social, political and economic paradigm shift, and about what is occurring within a country with multiple and contradictory accounts of history and a traumatic recent past. It also means resisting the pressure to deal with the past, and therefore the present, in a certain way. Consequently, the frequent question of whether or not the town as an enterprise, or its residents, are racist, reveals instead a complex ordering of society. Life in Orania is filled with ordinary everyday activities of earning a living, raising and educating children, socialising, and practising religion in a town where Christian principles are explicit, each combining elements of intentionality and contingency. Once superficial similarity between residents can be taken for granted, the focus shifts to the differences between them, which rise and fall in importance, highlighting the circumstantial nature of group solidarity. This raises the question of what the differences within the community are, how deeply they reach, and where fundamental commonalities lie that prompt them to choose to build a future together. For the few hundred people involved in the enterprise, Orania is the only way they think they will have a recognisable future: they fear the demise of Afrikaners as an ethnic group through cultural assimilation or dispersal, emigration, and population decline. Their position of victimhood and vulnerability, shaped by the past, shapes their present actions in turn. Afrikaners’ interpretation of themselves as victims is easily supported by the popular historical narrative that Afrikaners have always struggled against outside authorities to be self-determining. This ethnographic study reveals that Orania is a concrete response to the fear that there may not be a place for Afrikaners in South Africa’s future, in the country to which they feel they belong and where their identity is rooted.
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Al-Ghzawi, Abdul Latief Ali. "The physiological processes determining grain yield potential in winter wheat." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12885/.
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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) is the most important crop grown extensively in the UK. There is a gap between yield production and world demand for wheat. So, there is a need to fill this gap. The overall objective of the present study is to investigate the physiological determinants of grain yield potential in winter wheat grown in UK conditions using doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between winter wheat varieties Rialto and Spark. These varieties are known from previous work to contrast for source and sink type traits and for the presence/absence of the 1 BL/ IRS translocation and the Rht-Dl b semi-dwarf allele. Three field experiments (at Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham 2003/4, 2004/5 and 2005/6) were conducted examining 25 DH lines of the Rialto x Spark population and the two parents. Two post-anthesis shading treatments (with and without shading) were applied to six genotypes (four DII lines and two parents) in 2003/4 and 2004/5. Two post anthesis de-graining treatments (with and without degraining) were applied to twelve genotypes (ten DH lines and two parents) in 2003/4 and 2004/5. Detailed measurements of grain growth were carried out on the two parents for five pre-determined grain positions within the ear. A range of physiological traits were measured, including developmental stages, light extinction coefficient, radiation interception, radiation-use efficiency (RUE), green area and biomass, stem water-soluble carbohydrate reserves, floret fertility, potential grain weight, grain filling rate and duration, final grain weight and combine grain yield. A source-sink balance model which quantified the source: sink balance during grain growth indicated that the four DH lines and the two parents were sink-limited during grain growth. The sink manipulation treatment (de-graining) generally confirmed the sink limitation in this population although small positive responses of grain growth to de-graining for a few lines indicated they may have been close to source limitation. Radiation-use efficiency measured as the regression slope of dry matter on accumulated PAR intercepted between onset of stem elongation and anthesis differed amongst genotypes in 2004,2005 and 2006. Pre-anthesis RUE was positively correlated with each of grains m2 and specific leaf weight (SLW). The 1BL/IRS translocation increased RUE significantly. The characterisation of the 25 DH lines in this study showed that the differences in grain yield were positively correlated with grains m'2 but not individual grain weight. There was positive correlation between stem WSC reserves and yield in one of the experimental seasons, 2006. The ten DH lines and the two parents differed in the length of the period between GS31 and GS61 by nine days. There was a positive correlation between the duration from GS31 to GS61 and radiation interception during this period which positively affecting grains m '2 Rate and duration of grain growth and final grain weight were assessed for five grain positions (G1 to G5) for Rialto and Spark under 50% shading and a control treatment. Rialto had heavier grains associated with a longer grain filling duration than Spark. The five grain positions had similar durations of grain filling but differed in final grain weight and rate of grain growth. Grains in the central spikelet (G1, G2 and G3) were sink-limited as they did not respond to de-graining. However, grains in the basal (G4) and apical (G5) spikelets were marginally source-limited since their final weight was increased by de-graining. These results suggest that breeders should consider selecting for extra grains in proximal grain positions in basal spikelets (e. g. G4) rather than in distal grain positions in central spikelets, because these grains in this position were heavier, had faster filling rate and had the ability to respond to extra assimilates later in the season. Harvest biomass was positively correlated with grain yield amongst the DH lines. So traits to improve biomass whilst maintaining harvest index may be important for future breeding progress. It is suggested that breeders might select for an extended duration between GS31 and GS61 and higher RUE (via high SLW) to improve grains M-2 and yield potential in future years. They also should select for higher stem carbohydrate reserves to increase source size alongside grain sink size.
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Brooks, Maurice Len. "Triangulating a Sustainable Safety Culture in the Readymade Garment Industry of Bangladesh." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2600.
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Many obstacles still exist toward improving safety standards, practices, and culture in the ready-made garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh. Workers' beliefs and habits, employers' level of involvement, and gaps in the regulatory framework necessitate an examination of safety practices to build a foundation for safety culture in the workplace. The focus of this study was to contribute to regulatory reform aimed at creating a safe work environment by exploring the perceptions of workers, employers, and government regulators through the lens of the theory on reciprocal determinism. A total of 41 participants, categorized into three groups of workers, employers, and government regulators, consented to face-to-face interviews. The study provided individual and group perspectives of requirements for safe factories and development of safety culture. Interview data were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. The results showed the groups collectively prioritized the need for training, collaboration, health, and safety, and they raised concern over civil unrest. The groups differed on the importance placed in areas such as protection of workers, profit, and legal enforcement. The study results can serve to contribute to effective government reform by developing self-efficacy of workers and improve collaboration between workers, employers, and government in the RMG industry of Bangladesh.
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Nkholise, Martha. "Determining guidelines for effectively leading culturally diverse teams at Volkswagen South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010077.
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South Africa is a society of diverse cultures, and the workplace is one of the few places that serve as a melting pot for these varied cultures. If managed well, cultural diversity has numerous benefits that can help an organisation gain a competitive advantage. However, failure to manage it can pose challenges that can have serious consequences for an organisation. The purpose of this study was to analyse the leadership of cultural diversity at Volkswagen South Africa (VWSA) and identify leadership guidelines to both enhance team performance and reduce the challenges faced by the organisation as a result of this cultural diversity. For the purpose of this study, a culturally diverse team was defined as a team of diverse individuals from different cultures or societies working together to achieve organisational success. The research was conducted by the use of questionnaire using a sample of 200 employees of the VWSA Paint Shop. The sample represents 42 percent of the total population of the Paint Shop. The study discusses the relationship of four leadership styles (Classical Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership, and Visionary Leadership) with Cultural Diversity. Whilst strong cases were made for Transformational and Transactional Leadership style being the most suitable styles for leading culturally diverse teams, the researcher concluded that no single leadership style would be ideal for effectively leading culturally diverse teams at VWSA. The appropriate leadership style will instead be a hybrid of all leadership styles, thus being a leadership approach that works as a sort of “best practices” of various leadership styles.
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Ortega, Schelin Sean Harry. "Does This Mix Sound “Trve” To You? : Authenticity, Retro Culture and Metal Mixes." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37643.
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Despite the rapid development in technology that enables metal music producers today to create “perfect” sound mixes, many bands, artists and producers choose to make their creations sound old or “retro”. A song is created for this study and mixed in two different ways, one with a more“retro” direction and the other with a more “modern” direction. Five respondents were then made to listen to both mixes and were interviewed on what they thought of each respective mix and why they think retro culture is so prevalent today. The data gathered from the interviews show that the respondents describe retro mixes as dirty, saturated and raw while they described modern mixes as clean, hi-fi and overly compressed. The respondents associate old sounding mixes to authenticity, genuinity and honesty but don’t describe modern mixes as fake or dishonest. The respondents comment that the streamlined nature of music production today leads to very uniform sounding mixes and the abundance of similar sounding mixes creates a demand for more honest, authentic and genuine music. The respondents claim that retro culture would not be possible without the aid of modern technology.
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Cooper, Selin. "Determining the organisms, pathways of infection and risks for ovine mastitis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77075/.
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The aims of the first study were to estimate the incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM) for suckler ewes (ewes rearing lambs for meat production) in England and to identify potential risk factors. A postal questionnaire was sent to 999 randomly selected English sheep farmers in 2010 to gather data on the IRCM and flock management practices for the calendar year 2009. The mean IRCM per flock was 1.2 / 100 ewes / flock / year (0.0-19.1). The IRCM was 2.0, 0.9 and 1.3 / 100 ewes / year for flocks that were always housed, always outdoors and a combination of both respectively. Six mixed effects over-dispersed Poisson regression models offset by flock size were developed to identify management practices associated with IRCM. Of particular interest were environmental factors, as indicated by the affect flooring and indoor versus outdoor rearing had on the IRCM, and host susceptibility as indicated by the association of IRCM with udder conformation (a potentially heritable trait). Based on these findings, the role of the environment was first considered by investigating the potential sources of mastitis-causing pathogens. Milk samples and udder skin swabs were taken from 27 pedigree Texel ewes with clinical mastitis and 3 ewes showing no clinical signs in order to identify whether udder skin could act as a bacterial reservoir for intramammary infections. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) was used to identify isolates to species level and compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess the capabilities of MALDI-ToF-MS as a strain differentiation tool. MALDI-ToF-MS had good correspondence with PFGE for all species tested in this study including Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus equorum, Rhodococcus corprophilus, Bacillus pumilus and Micrococcus luteus. The same strain type was found in mastitic milk and on ewe udder skin for Staphylococcus warneri and Rhodococcus corprophilus indicating a possible reservoir of bacteria that might enter the mammary gland. The third study built upon the findings from the second study by identifying the role of lamb mouths and ewe udder skin as potential transmission pathways of mastitis causing bacteria by sampling these environments and ewe milk over time in a longitudinal study of 21 ewes over 10 weeks. Twenty-six bacterial species were found in more than one location (lamb mouth, ewe udder skin and/or ewe milk), many of which have previously been associated with mastitis. Potential transmission events and persistence of the same bacterial strains between and within lamb mouths, ewe udder skin and/or ewe milk over time were identified for the first time in suckler ewes using MALDI-ToF-MS for a variety of bacterial species. Having identified udder conformation as the most significant factor associated with IRCM in the first study, the final study aimed to investigate whether udder and teat conformation are heritable traits that affect mastitis. A total of 968 records were collected from 10 Texel flocks over a period of 3 years (2012-2014) from England, Wales and Scotland to assess whether udder and teat conformation were heritable traits associated with higher levels of chronic mastitis. Univariate quantitative genetic parameters were estimated using individual animal and sire models. The heritabilities for teat length and teat placement were greatest (0.42 and 0.35, respectively). The remaining traits (traits that generally describe the volume of the udder) were of moderate to low heritability. Univariable logistic regression was used to identify the phenotypic association between udder traits and chronic mastitis. The work in this thesis has addressed several gaps in the knowledge in mastitis epidemiology by providing the first estimate for the IRCM in suckler flocks in England, and generating hypotheses for factors that may affect the IRCM. The role of the ewe’s environment and heritable traits that could potentially affect a ewe’s likelihood of getting mastitis were subsequently investigated. The results have contributed to our understanding of the factors associated with the development of mastitis.
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Ponder, Linda Milam. "Improving access to care by determining key elements of culturally and linguistically appropriate healthcare interventions for Hispanic populations in Texas using a Delphi technique." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4908.
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Cultural competence, mandated by Federal law since 1964, has not been
appropriately addressed due to its lack of specifics and the lack of specifics within
subsequent mandates. This study was designed to determine specific key elements of
cultural and linguistic appropriateness which would "operationalize" cultural
competence in the provision of healthcare services. Knowing the elements of cultural
and linguistic appropriateness will assist non-Hispanic healthcare providers to remove
personal barriers of cultural and linguistic differences for Texas' Hispanic population.
The problem of cultural competence gained national focus during the Civil
Rights movement of the '60s. Current research revealed that Hispanics continue to have
the worst healthcare outcomes of any minority population. Census data reflecting that
Hispanics are the fastest growing segment of the population, with Texas having the
nation's second largest Hispanic population, make it imperative for healthcare providers
to determine methods to improve healthcare for Texas' Hispanic population. A Delphi Technique was used to extract expert opinions from 26 highly
qualified, Texas Hispanic healthcare providers regarding the key elements of cultural
and linguistic appropriateness for Texas' Hispanic population. The ultimate goal of the
research was to determine essential information which would assist non-Hispanic
healthcare providers in removing personal barriers of cultural and linguistic
appropriateness to the delivery of healthcare services for Texas' Hispanics.
Through the approximately 16-month process of the Delphi Technique, the Panel
produced 249 distinct elements in 11 groups of cultural appropriateness and 8 groups of
linguistic appropriateness. Members of the Panel ranked the groups for importance,
indicated the level of agreement/disagreement with each element, and rated each element
for its individual importance.
This study is important because it is the first time an expert panel of solely
Hispanic healthcare providers has spoken collectively about what constitutes cultural
and linguistic appropriateness. This research can provide a framework for professional
practices, grant providing organizations, or evaluation teams to assess professionals and
programs to determine their degree of cultural and linguistic appropriateness. The work
can also form the basis for curricula to be used in Texas' healthcare professions
preparatory schools or continuing education for practicing healthcare professionals.
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Hülsse, Rainer. "When culture determines politics : wie der Deutsche Bundestag die Türkei von der EU fernhält." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/971/.
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Should Turkey become a member of the EU? This is one of the most controversial
issues in German European politics now. While the Social Democrats and the
Green Party seem to be in favour, the Christian Democrats strongly oppose it.This paper demonstrates that both sides - their contrary political preferences notwithstanding- share one central belief: Turkey does not fit into the EU for cultural reasons. Through a close reading of parliamentary debates on EUenlargement the article reconstructs how Turkey is made Europe’s other.
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Flathman, Jennifer L. "Rereading the Library : a cultural conservation approach to determining the architectural significance of the Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, Maryland /." Thesis, Connect to online version of this title in UO's Scholars' Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/5994.
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Kus, Maciej. "The Role of Religion in Determining Female Labor Force Participation Rates." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9306.
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This paper looks at macro level data to measure the influence religion has played on female labor force participation (FLFP) rates between 1980 and 2005. It also attempts to find if this influence has changed over time. It then focuses specifically on African and post-communist nations as that is where some of the major religious changes have taken place in the last few decades. There is no clear pattern of an increasing or decreasing influence of religion on FLFP rates. Rather, different religions in different parts of the world affect FLFP in different ways. Finally, this paper looks specifically at Islamic and Catholic nations to see what variables have an effect on rising FLFP rates in those countries.
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Correia, Bárbara Catarina Gonçalves. "Determinig how membrane phospholipids regulate CNS myelination and myelin composition." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22236.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e CelularRhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a defect in peroxisomal enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of plasmalogens. This leads to a deficiency of this type of glycerophospholipid, and patients present bone abnormalities, and mental retardation. This disorder can be caused by mutations in the GNPAT gene, which encodes the first enzyme necessary for plasmalogen synthesis. Some studies have shown that myelination in the peripheral and central nervous system is affected by the loss of plasmalogens. However, it is unknown how this defect in myelination is orchestrated in a cellular and molecular scenario. With this work, we showed that it is possible to use in vitro co-cultures of cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes, from WT and Gnpat KO mice, to investigate the relation between both cells and what leads to demyelination. This strategy can also help to test different candidates for therapies. Alkyl-glycerols have been indicated as an alternative precursor of plasmalogens, but until now their efficiency to restore plasmalogen levels is still not proven in nervous tissue. We used one type of alkyl-glycerol named 1-O-tetradecyl-glycerol, and it was able to restore the defective myelination in Gnpat KO co-cultures. Myelin is also rich in proteins, and some have important functions for compaction and maintenance of the myelin sheaths. Therefore, it is important to analyze how the proteins are affected by the lack of plasmalogens. We used Western blot to analyze different proteins present in compact and non-compact myelin. We observed a significant decrease in the amount of myelin basic proteins (MBP) in myelin isolated from brain and spinal cord of Gnpat KO mice. MBP is essential to keep the myelin sheaths compact and functional. Other proteins like tubulin polymerization-promoting protein (TPPP) showed no differences in brain or in spinal cord myelin, since this protein is known to regulate the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, and our previous results did not evidence any problems during differentiation.
Condrodisplasia rizomélica puncata é uma doença autossómica recessiva caracterizada por um defeito em enzimas peroxisomais responsáveis pela biossíntese de plasmalogénios. Estes defeitos causam uma deficiência na produção deste fosfolípido e os doentes apresentam anormalidades ósseas e um atraso mental. Esta doença pode ser causada por mutações no gene que codifica a enzima GNPAT que é a primeira enzima necessária para a síntese de plasmalogénios. Alguns estudos demonstraram que a mielinização é afetada pela perda de plasmlalogéneos no sistema nervoso central e periférico. Contudo, ainda não se sabe como é que este defeito se processa a nível celular e molecular. Com o presente trabalho, demonstramos que é possível usar co-culturas in vitro de neurónios corticais e de oligodendrócitos, provenientes de ratinhos wildtype (WT) e knockout (KO), possibilitando a investigação da relação entre os dois tipos de células e o que origina a desmielinização observada in vivo. Este método in vitro também pode ser usado para testar diferentes candidatos para eventuais terapias. Os alquil-glicerois já foram indicados como um percursor alternativo de plasmalogénios, mas a sua eficácia nunca foi comprovada em tecidos neuronais. Neste trabalho usámos um tipo de alquil-glicerol, denominado 1-O-tetradecil-glicerol, capaz de restaurar os defeitos da mielina nas co-culturas de ratinhos Gnpat KO. A mielina é também rica em proteínas e algumas têm funções importantes na compactação e manutenção da mielina. Por esse motivo, é importante estudar como é que as proteínas da mielina são afetadas pela deficiência em plasmlalogéneos. O western blot foi usado para analisar as diferentes proteínas presentes tanto na mielina compacta como na mielina não compacta. Os resultados demonstraram um decréscimo significativo da proteína básica de mielina (MBP) em mielina isolada do cérebro e espinal medula de ratinhos KO. Esta proteína é essencial para manter os segmentos de mielina compactos e funcionais. A proteína promotora de polimerização de tubulina (TPPP) não demonstrou diferenças, quer em mielina do cérebro quer da espinal medula. Esta proteína é responsável por regular a diferenciação dos oligodendrócitos e os nossos resultados mostram que um defeito em plasmalogénios não afeta a diferenciação dos oligodendrócitos, mas especificamente a produção de mielina por estas células.
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Shahramfar, Gabrielle. "Determining Fort Walton Burial Patterns and Their Relationship within the Greater Mississippian." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/492.
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The objective of my research was to compile all known burial data from the Fort Walton culture located in northwest Florida (A.D. 1000 to contact) to determine any patterns in burial practices. A thorough literature review of all published material was conducted to obtain the burial data. I also reviewed burial practices of other contemporaneous late prehistoric cultures in the Southeast, including the Pensacola and Rood cultures. The burial data clearly indicate that Fort Walton burial practices varied greatly; 14 different burial types were identified from all of the sites. A similar pattern is seen among Pensacola, Rood and Mississippian ceremonial centers. However, secondary burials were dominant at mixed Fort Walton/Pensacola and Pensacola sites when compared to classic Fort Walton burial sites. This may have been the result of European contact, which might have changed native burial practices in northwest Florida, as a result of disease and displacement; however, future studies are needed to assess this hypothesis. Caches of pottery and burials capped with pottery appear to be a unique characteristic among Pensacola burial sites. Two major dissimilarities observed at Rood burials were the practice of dyeing teeth and a mass burial with an altar. Of all of the Fort Walton sites, the elite burials from the Lake Jackson site most closely resembles the elite burials discovered at Etowah, Moundville, and Spiro, due to the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (SECC) goods and the elaborate tombs.
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Nel, Jan-Derick. "The business of power and the power of business : (determining meta-ethics)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21191.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A changing world brings about many different challenges. The same applies to business operating in society. These changes and challenges relate to business ethics in general and how it impacts on the decisions that business makes every day. The ethical challenges that business has to face have a profound effect on meta-ethical concerns. Awareness of this situation can help to direct business and the rest of society to reach positive outcomes. When looking at current cases it is evident how corporate culture and leadership play a very important role in this matter. The cases shows how the power of business is exerted in practice and it can serve a positive purpose in determining meta-ethics.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Veranderende wêreld gee tot baie verskillende uitdagings aanleiding. Dieselfde geld vir besigheid wat in die samelewing funksioneer. Dit hou verband met sake-etiek in die algemeen en watter invloed dit uitoefen op die besluite wat besigheid elke dag moet neem. Die etiese uitdagings wat besigheid elke dag in die gesig staar, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op meta-etiese kwessies. 'n Bewustheid van hierdie situasie kan help om leiding aan besigheid en die res van die samelewing te bied ten einde positiewe resultate te bereik . As die huidige gevalle in ag geneem word, is dit klaarblyklik dat korporatiewe kultuur en leierskap ’n baie belangrike rol in hierdie verband speel. Dit toon hoe die kragtige invloed van besigheid in die praktyk gebruik word en hoe dit 'n positiewe rol kan speel om meta-etiek te bepaal.
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Cuperus, Florence Silvie. "Influence of UV-B radiation on quality determining compounds in must and wine and suspension cell cultures of Vitis vinifera /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16974.
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Folligah, Jean-Pierre K. "Determining Perceived Barriers Affecting Physicians' Readiness to Disclose Major Medical Errors." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10811358.
Full textAbstract:
Medical errors have been detrimental in the field of medicine. They have impacted both patients and doctors. While physicians recognized that error disclosure was an ethical and professional obligation, most remained silent when mistakes happened for different reasons. Guided by the theory of planned behavior and Kant's deontological theory, the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the perceived barriers affecting physicians' willingness to report major medical errors. An association was tested between the independent variables physician fear of disclosure of errors, organizational culture toward patient safety, physician apology, professional ethics and transparency, physician education, and the dependent variable physician willingness to disclose major medical errors. Using a cross-sectional method, 122 doctors out of 483 surveyed, completed the online and paper-based survey. Multiple linear regression and descriptive statistics models were used to analyze and summarize the data. The results showed there was a statistically significant relationship between the independent variables organizational culture toward patient safety, physician apology, professional ethics and transparency, and physician education and the dependent variable physician willingness to disclose major medical errors. There was no relationship between the independent variable fear of disclosure of errors and the dependent variable. The findings added to the knowledge base regarding barriers to physicians' medical errors disclosure. The results and recommendations could provide positive social change by helping hospitals raising doctors' awareness regarding major medical errors disclosure.
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Harwood, Peggy A. "Determining reliability and validity of the "principal perceptions of induction practices" survey assessing newly hired teacher induction to school culture." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3577950.
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The study is based on two designs. The first design is the development of the Principal Induction Practices (PPIP) survey to gain information from Missouri public high school principals about their perceptions of specific induction practices implemented with newly hired teachers. The second design is a factorial non-experimental quantitative study to assess newly hired teacher induction to school culture. This study was initiated because a lack of information exists of induction practices implemented by principals for newly hired teachers. Many studies have focused on teacher perception of induction practices, but few have focused on the administrative perceptions of these practices. With high costs of teacher turnover in schools, this study is looking at teacher induction through the practices of the supervising administrator. This study is based on Kosek’s (2006) case study of a school’s induction practices and Glenn’s (2007) Teacher Perceptions of School Culture (TPSC) survey. The TPSC survey was examined to develop the online self-reporting PPIP survey which, was sent to 361 Missouri public high school principals. A small sample size was used in data analysis. The PPIP was reduced to 26 items. The PPIP field study showed overall perceptions did not vary because of respondent’s gender, school size, years of experience, or teacher certification type. State education entities, universities, leadership academies and principal organizations can use the PPIP to inform them of areas needing change in the induction practices being implemented to help newly hired teachers transition to school culture.
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Venter, Catharina Helena. "Determining the need for environmental education in the curriculum of management learners on tertiary level / Catharina Helena Venter." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4155.
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Dwindling natural resources, the impact of the green house effect and infrastructure
that is resource intensive are becoming a global problem. Signs of unsustainability
can be identified in various events worldwide.
T he above poses an important quest ion: who should be responsible for the
protection of natural resources? This question is debatable when reference is ma de
to groups such as governments, consumers and business organisations. However,
the destruction of the environment cannot continue and it becomes a problem that
should be pondered by humanity at large. This leads to the role of education in
environmental protection, and in this study specifically to the education of managers.
An organisation's base rests on management's philosophy, values, vision and goals.
Clearly, a manager 's influence can have immense influence on the organisation, its
goals and involvement in environmental protect ion.
Taking the above into consideration, this study's objective is to determine if
environmental education should be included in the curriculum of management
learners on tertiary level. To achieve this objective, exploratory research-was used-to
learn more about the dilemma or problem identified. Through interviews (qualitative
research) with interest groups such as managers, lecturers and learners in
management studies, the attitude of these groups were tested regarding the above
objective.
Based on the study the following recommendations could be made:
• The state of the environment is of great concern and is a global phenomenon
affecting all humanity, not only certain groups.
• Managers can play a much greater role in the protection of the environment.
• Governments and people in leadership positions should decide and put
legislation in place that could play an important role in the protection of the
environment.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Talbott, Mariah Jane. "Determining morphological and biochemical parameters associated with ovarian follicular atresia and caviar quality and yield in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/talbott/TalbottM0510.pdf.
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Harvesting sturgeon Acipenseridae when the ovarian follicles have the appropriate firmness and size is important for the caviar industry in order to produce a consistently uniform product and maximize caviar yield. Therefore, it is beneficial for the caviar industry to detect fish with atretic ovarian follicles prior to harvest, which can cause a decrease in caviar grade or complete loss of the product and to harvest fish at the correct stage of ovarian maturity to produce the highest quality and yield of caviar possible. The objectives of this study were to find a parameter that can detect early signs of ovarian follicular atresia by measuring blood plasma concentrations of sex steroids and determine if correlations exist among plasma sex steroid concentrations, morphological characteristics, and caviar yield and quality. To achieve the first objective, blood and ovarian follicles were collected repeatedly from 15 fish prior to and after inducing follicular atresia. Plasma testosterone (T) was the best indicator of the onset of atresia. Logistic regression models were used to illustrate how a threshold value of T can be determined to decrease the probability of harvesting white sturgeon with atretic ovaries. To achieve the second objective, biological samples (blood, ovarian follicles) and morphological measurements were collected from white sturgeon at caviar harvest (n = 20 per month) for five months. Analyses of parameters associated with caviar quality were limited because 92% of fish produced the same quality of caviar. Plasma E2 was correlated with caviar yield, caviar yield as a percent of body weight, and gonadosomatic index (GSI), whereas T was not correlated with either caviar yield or caviar yield as a percent of body weight. Ovarian fat varied greatly among individuals. Consequently, the ovarian stage associated with caviar yield could not be determined by measuring morphological parameters indicative of ovarian maturity. Post-hoc analyses were conducted to determine if parameters differed among ovarian fat categories. In the future, this study may benefit sturgeon conservation propagation programs by improving techniques for detection of ovarian atresia and offering a less-invasive method for estimating fecundity by utilizing the correlation between plasma E2 and GSI.
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Junk, Damian Jerome. "Determining the Role of p53 Mutation in Human Breast Cancer Progression Using Recombinant Mutant/Wild-Type p53 Heterozygous Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Culture Models." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193600.
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Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of many types of tissue neoplasia, and there appears to be no model of how a particular lesion develops into an aggressive, malignant, invasive carcinoma. Genetic mutation and aberrant epigenetic regulation are among the most common events that lead to neoplasia. In breast cancer, p53 mutation is the most common genetic defect related to a single gene. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on the mechanisms and consequences of p53 mutation during breast tumorigenesis. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression and epigenetic modifications in a panel of breast cancer cell lines suggested that p53 mutation and aberrant epigenetic silencing were cooperating mechanisms in the silencing of wild-type p53 target genes during cancer progression. Therefore, models of p53 inactivation were created in non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells to determine the role of p53 mutation on the epigenetic status of its target genes and the acquisition of malignant phenotypes. Comparisons of each model demonstrated that differing modes of p53 inactivation produced different functional consequences. Loss of wild-type p53 function alone ablated the normal cellular response to external stress stimuli, but had no affect on the expression of genes or epigenetic status in untreated cells. Introduction of missense mutant p53 protein caused very few changes when the protein was expressed at low levels. However, accumulation of mutant p53 caused a variety of gene expression changes and interfered with endogenous wild-type p53. The accumulation of mutant p53 also caused an increase in migration and invasion of the cells that expressed it. Interestingly, epigenetic aberrations were not detected in response to any of the p53 manipulations. These data suggest that accumulation of missense mutation is particularly dangerous to normal cells. They also suggest that p53 mutation and epigenetic aberration are two distinct mechanisms, which overlap and cooperate during tumorigenesis. These data suggest that treatment strategies for human breast cancer should include modalities to target both defects for increased efficacy.
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Sanders, Mary Elizabeth. "Program evaluation determining the impact of a water-based, cross-cultural exercise program for women aged 50 years and older to improve or maintain functional activities of daily living on land /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3210833.
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Emmerich, Kamper Theresa. "Determining traditional skin processing technologies : the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of experimental samples, prehistoric archaeological finds and ethnographic objects." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/22073.
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The importance of skin processing technologies, in the history and dispersal of humankind around the planet cannot be overstated. This area of material culture is often underrepresented as a research topic, and has been hampered, in part, by the lack of a systematic analysis methodology targeted at specifically this material type. This research aimed to develop a methodology for determining the tanning technologies in use during prehistory, from extant archaeologically recovered processed skin objects. The methodology is a product of macroscopic and microscopic observations of a large sample reference collection, used to produce a database of defining characteristics and tendencies for each of six tannage types. The sample collection is made up of twenty-two species identified as economically important from both Europe and North America. Six sample pieces of skin were taken from a single individual of each of the twenty-two species, and processed using six tanning technologies, the use of which covered a large geographic area and time frame. A second reference collection of clothing and utilitarian items, made from traditionally processed skins, was used to add a section of in-life use traces to the database of discriminating traits. The developed methodology was tested by examining archaeologically recovered and ethnographically collected skin objects, from museum collections across North America and Europe. Objects from many different preservation contexts, including wet, dry, and frozen sites were analysed to determine whether or not the discriminating traits survived interment. It was found that defining characteristics and tendencies do exist between the main tannage technologies, and can be recorded at multiple levels of observation. The analysis of skin objects in museum collections confirmed that at least some defining characteristics and tendencies survived in all preservation contexts. In addition, the preservation of in-life use traces proved to be diagnostic of not only tannage type, but small sections of chaîne opératoire and object biography as well. Overall, this research has demonstrated that archaeologically preserved objects made from processed skin can provide information about the tannage technologies in use prehistorically, as well as more detailed information such as manufacturing sequences and the conditions of use an object was subjected to. Thus, analysis of this nature can be used to access information on a more individual level than previously believed.
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Scherer, Brooklynn M. "Determining the Effect of HSP90 Inhibitor Geldanamycin on Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Production in Infected Vero Cells." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1555679860864038.
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Ruelle, Pierre. "Variabilité spatiale à l'échelle de parcelles de cultures : étude expérimentale et modélisation des bilans hyriques et des rendements." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10035.
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La parcelle de culture, unite caracteristique du paysage et echelle operationnelle pour l'agriculteur, constitue la surface elementaire de gestion de l'eau et de l'environnement. Aussi ce memoire s'attache a caracteriser a cette echelle variabilite des rendements des cultures et des bilans hydriques en confrontant approche experimentale et modelisation. Une meme methodologie a ete appliquee sur deux sites mediterraneens: en tunisie pour trois cultures pluviales et en france pour deux essais de sorghos irrigues par aspersion. La variabilite spatiale des rendements, de l'humidite du premier metre de sol et de l'irrigation est etudiee par la geostatistique. Puis les bilans hydriques locaux in situ sont etablis sur des stations tensioneutroniques representatives. La modelisation stationnelle est realisee en utilisant un modele deterministe simplifie du bilan hydrique de type capacitif, pilote et, dans le cas de montpellier, une fonction de rendement. En complement, une etude de sensibilite du modele a montre l'importance de l'estimation de la reserve mobilisable et de la variable reserve initiale. La variabilite simultanee, a l'echelle parcellaire, du sol (reserve mobilisable rm et reserve initiale ri) et de l'irrigation i a ete prise en compte grace a une version stochastique du modele, en utilisant la methode des bandes tournantes. Il a ainsi ete mis en evidence que: la variabilite du sol a une influence preponderante sur l'etr et le rendement ; la variance maximale de l'etr est observee en debut de stress ; les variogrammes des sorties du modele ont des structures emboitees fortement dependantes de la correlation entre ri et rm. L'approche developpee ici est la seule qui apprehende l'effet de la variabilite simultanee du sol et de l'irrigation sur le bilan hydrique et le rendement
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Gillard, Sylvie. "Mise en evidence et caracterisation d'un gene viral essentiel pour la replication du virus de la vaccine sur cellules humaines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13108.
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Faure, Sandrine. "Étude de l'absorption du nitrate chez Brassica napus L. : évolution de l'activité des transporteurs et de la transcription des gènes NRT1 et NRT2 en réponse à une privation en NO 3, évaluation de leur rôle sur le cycle de culture." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN2007.
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Le colza, espece phylogenetiquement proche d'arabidopsis thaliana et presentant des capacites d'absorption elevees, a ete choisi pour etudier le metabolisme azote des especes cultivees. Les etudes cinetiques revelent un profil d'absorption du nitrate biphasique, suggerant qu'il existe au moins 2 systemes d'absorption : un systeme saturable a forte affinite agissant pour des faibles concentrations externes en no 3 (hats), et un systeme non saturable a faible affinite intervenant pour les fortes concentrations (lats). Ces deux systemes seraient constitues chacun d'une composante constitutive (chats et clats) et d'une composante inductible (ihats et ilats). Le suivi de la transcription des genes nrt1 et nrt2 au cours d'une privation partielle ou totale en azote conforte l'hypothese selon laquelle le gene nrt2 code un systeme ihats alors que le gene nrt1 code un systeme ilats. Si dans nos conditions experimentales, l'existence d'un mecanisme de de-induction et/ou de repression par les acides amines libres pourrait expliquer la chute de la transcription des genes nrt1 et nrt2 pendant les 48 premieres heures de privation. Par contre aucun mecanisme de de-repression n'a pu etre mis en evidence. L'expression des genes nrt1 et nrt2 est regulee au niveau transcriptionnel par le no 3 externe et probablement par la demande en azote des parties aeriennes, mais aussi au niveau post-transcriptionnel. Nos resultats montrent que chez le colza, les pools racinaires en no 3 et en acides amines libres n'interviennent pas au niveau transcriptionnel. Nous avons initier un modele mecaniste de l'absorption du nitrate au cous d'un cycle de culture uniquement base sur l'offre en nitrate du sol et sur le fonctionnement des transporteurs. Les simulations realisees montrent que le systeme hats intervient pour 94% en l'absence de fertilisation et pour 82% lors d'un apport azote a l'automne. Une fertilisation azotee augmente la capacite et la duree d'intervention du systeme lats.
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Celso, Dantas Antonino Antônio. "Modélisation des transferts de masse et de chaleur dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère : influence de la variabilité spatiale des caractéristiques hydrodynamiques du sol." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10096.
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Le mémoire est relatif à la modélisation des transferts couples de masse et de chaleur dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère: le modèle mécaniste est l'objet de mesures intensives dans le sol, sur la plante et dans les basses couches atmosphériques. Une version stochastique du modèle est développée afin d'étudier de façon théorique l'influence de la variabilité des caractéristiques hydrodynamiques du sol sur les transferts dans les systèmes sol nu atmosphère et sol-plante-atmosphère. Alors que l'approche déterministe apparaît adéquate pour un sol cultive, la végétation ayant tendance à lisser l'influence de la variabilité sur les transferts, elle n'est pas pertinente pour la modélisation des flux de surface dans le cas d'un sol nu
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van, Zwol Erik. "Responsibility, spontaneity and liberty." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5763.
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Isaiah Berlin maintains that there are two distinct forms of freedom or liberty: negative and positive. Berlin’s principal claim is that negative liberty does not require that the self be somehow separate from the empirical world (causally aloof, or an originator of causal chains). My principal claim is that to be an agent is to be committed to a separation of self in this sense, thus that the self for its very being requires to possess a species of positive liberty. This conception proceeds in part from Immanuel Kant’s claim that there is a separation between spontaneity and receptivity. Commitment to this assertion allows there to be an understood distinction between the self as a spontaneous self-active agent that makes choices, and the self as a mere reactionary brute that does what it does by biological imperatives. In this thesis, I defend the view that negative liberty is subsumed under positive liberty: you cannot have the former without the latter. I am therefore taking a rationalist stance towards Berlin’s thinking. My methodology is to bring into consideration two perspectives upon the underlying normative principles within the space of reason. The first is of Kant’s understanding of the principle of responsibility and the activity of spontaneity; the second is John McDowell’s understanding of that principle and activity. The key claim of this thesis is that Berlin misunderstands what it is to be a chooser. To be a chooser is to be raised under the idea that one is an efficient cause; human children are brought up being held responsible for their reasons for acting. This principle allows mere animal being to be raised into the space of reason, where we live out a second nature in terms of reason. Using their conclusions I further investigate Berlin’s understanding of conceptual frameworks, taking particular interest in historic ‘universal’ conceptions that shape human lives. He too finds that that we are choosers is necessary for what it is to be human. I take his conclusion, and suggest that if he had had a clear understanding of the space of reason, the historic claim that we have choice would find a more solid footing in the principle of that space, in that we are responsible for our actions. I conclude that the upshot of understanding the ‘I’ as an originating efficient cause is that we treat ourselves as free from a universal determinism that Berlin himself disparages; and that the cost to Berlin is that all choice is necessarily the activity of a higher choosing self. It is part of a Liberal society’s valuing, by their societal commitment to, the ideology of raising our children to understand themselves as choosers, that we have choice at all. This is irrespective of whether that which fetters choice is internal or external to the agent, or of whether having self-conscious itself requires such a cultural emergence of second nature.
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Kalmbach-Özdem, Monika. "Neurostimulations-Kultur." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18804.
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Die Medizintechnik Tiefe-Hirnstimulation ist nicht nur als naturwissenschaftlich-technisches Produkt zu sehen, sondern vor allem auch als kultur-technische Leistung mit historischen Wurzeln. Dieserart Schnittstellenhandlungen nehmen einen festen Platz in der Medizingeschichte ein und sind nicht losgelöst von dieser zu bestimmen. Ein- und zugreifende Praktiken wie Trepanationen und Schädelkulte sind vielfältig verankert und offenbaren einen menschheitsalten Wunsch nach Einflussnahme und Bemächtigung. Hierüber lässt sich der Mensch als verknüpf-, einstell- und gestaltbare Entität im Rahmen 'eutoper' Welt- und Technikbilder sowie deterministischer Menschenbilder darstellen. Mit der Integration aktiver, technischer Elemente in den menschlichen Körper verschieben wir die Grenzverläufe zwischen biologischen und artifiziellen Entitäten. Sowohl die Hardware-Software-Relationen als auch die Körper-Geist-Relationen unterliegen dabei Verknüpfungs- und Gestaltungsprozessen. Aus der Interaktion zwischen menschlichen und nicht-menschlichen Handlungsteilnehmern resultieren neuartige Wechselbeziehungen, welche unter Zuhilfenahme der Embodiment- und Embedded-Theorie nachgezeichnet werden. Den schwerwiegenden Aus- und Nebenwirkungen dieser Interkation wird mit einem empirischen Fallbeispiel nahegekommen. Dass diese Entwicklung hin zu einer konfigurierenden Gestaltungskultur risikobehaftet ist, wird unter Zuhilfenahme des Terminus 'Experimentalsystem' dargelegt. Dabei ist festzuhalten, dass die Tiefe-Hirnstimulation nicht trotz sondern wegen experimenteller Faktoren erfolgreich und faszinierend ist. Neurostimulationen in erster Linie als Konzept zu begreifen bedeutet, den Fokus auf kulturelle Anschichten und Handlungen zu lenken. In welchem Ausmaß wir zu ein- und zugreifenden Gestaltungen unserer Selbst bereit sind, hängt in letzter Konsequenz an unserem menschlichen Selbstverständnis.Medical technology deep brain stimulation is not only a scientific and technical product, but also a cultural and technical achievement with historical roots. This kind of interface actions occupy a firm place in medical history and cannot be determined separately from it. Interfering practices such as trepanations and cults of the skull are rooted in many different ways and reveal an ancient human desire for influence and empowerment. In this way, man can be represented as a connectable, adjustable and configurable entity within the framework of 'eutoper' world and technology images as well as deterministic human images. By integrating active technical elements into the human body, we are shifting the boundaries between biological and artificial entities. Both the hardware-software-relations as well as the body-spirit-relations are subject to connection and design processes. The interaction between human and non-human action participants results in novel interrelationships, which are traced with the aid of the Embodiment and Embedded Theory. The serious side effects of this interaction are approached with an empirical case study. The fact that this development towards a configuring design culture entails risk is explained with the help of the term 'experimental system'. It should be noted that deep brain stimulation is successful and fascinating not despite but because of experimental factors. Understanding neurostimulation primarily as a concept means focusing on cultural strata and actions. The extent to which we are prepared to embrace and intervene in shaping ourselves depends ultimately on our human self-conception.
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Magnin, Michel. "Resistance aux insecticides organophosphores : detection, caracterisation genetique et dynamique dans les populations naturelles : etude dans le complexe culex pipiens l. (diptera : culicidae) et essai d'application a simulium damnosum s.l. theobald." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066513.
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Le protocole d'etude mis au point sur le modele de la resistance du moustique culex pipiens aux insecticides organophosphores dans le sud de la france, a permis de preciser la distribution des genes est-3**(a), codant pour une esterase de detoxication de grande activite, et ace**(r), codant pour une acetylcholinesterase moins sensible a l'inhibition par l'insecticide, ainsi que de caracteriser une nouvelle esterase de grande activite (est-4), egalement associee a la resistance. Ce protocole a ete egalement utilise pour etudier les mecanismes de resistance de c. Quinquefasciatus et de simulium damnosum s. L. De c ote d'ivoire. Une etude biochimique, immunologique et moleculaire a permis de demontrer que l'augmentation d'activite de l'esterase de detoxication de culex quinquefasciatus de californie (est-2**(a)) etait due a un mecanisme d'amplification genique. Un systheme complexe d'incompatibilites cytoplasmiques a ete mis en evidence chez c. Pipiens du sud de la france. L'importance de ce mecanisme de sterilite apparemment lie a la distance entre les gites mais non a leur nature, dans la structuration des populations est discutee en fonction des facteurs de variation observes
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LIU, GONG-SHE. "Ontogenese, genetique et approche physiologique du caractere isomature chez le tournesol (helianthus annuus l. )." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF21028.
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Le nouveau genotype wjr::(1629) de tournesol (helianthus annuus l. , seconde plante oleagineuse du monde) est remarquable par son caractere isomature : il possede deux ou plusieurs capitules symetriques qui fleurissent et murissent simultanement. Son interet sur le plan agronomique est prometteur. Il est mis en evidence que la realisation du caractere isomature est sous la dependance de un a trois genes dominants et d'un effet maternel. Ce resultat impliquera necessairement, dans le futur, l'utilisation d'un parent femelle isomature pour le creation d'hybrides commerciaux
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Debelle, Frédéric. "Etude de genes de rhizobium meliloti controlant la nodulation specifique de medicago sativa." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30194.
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La mutagenese par le transposon tn5 d'un fragment de 30 kb du megaplasmide psym de r. Meliloti, a permis de mettre en evidence 3 regions portant des genes de nodulation dont on etudie les proteines correspondantes. Le transfert a r. Trifolii d'un plasmide portant les genes nodfeg et nodh de r. Meliloti rend la souche hybride capable de noduler la luzerne mais inapte a noduler le trefle
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Lullien, Valérie. "Expression des genes vegetaux pendant la differenciation des nodosites de luzerne (medicago sativa)." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30238.
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Analyse des polypeptides obtenus par traduction in vitro d'arn messagers extraits de racines non nodulees, de nodosites fixatrices d'azote ou de nodosites non fixatrices. Etude de l'expression des genes codant pour les leghemoglobines et analyse de l'organisation de ces genes chez medicago sativa, des hybrides somatiques, et chez des legumineuses apparentees. Utilisation de sondes d'adn isolees d'autres especes de plantes pour suivre l'expression des genes codant pour des proteines connues pour jouer un role dans la symbiose (glutamine synthetase) ou les interactions plantes-microorganismes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, extensine)
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Helgert, Joseph P. "Determining an advertising position in the Japanese semiconductor market a cultural and content analysis /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23093610.html.
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Humphries, Petro. "Determining water quality : development of a cell culture cytotoxicity assay." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28023.
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Not only in South Africa, but also all over the world, pollution is threatening the quality of water resources. More than 100,000 chemicals are produced worldwide and some of these chemicals enter into the aquatic environment, posing a potential threat to humans, animals as well as other organisms. Therefore, determining the quality of water is of great importance. The testing of the toxicity of water samples are either based on a biological model or chemical model. In the biological model, organisms are utilized as indicators for toxicity of a particular sample, this sample may then be cytotoxic to the cells of the organism. In the chemical model the amount of a specific chemical present in water samples are predicted. Although, within the biological model there are many cytotoxicity screening assays (also called bioassays) that assess quality of water, there is a need for a fast, efficient and cost-effective cell culture system that may act as first screening procedure in a range of tests. Of particular importance in the context of this thesis, are bioassays that measure specific biochemical parameters, e.g. the Uridine uptake bioassay, MTT (3-(4,5¬dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and the bioluminescent assay. An important advantage of these assays are their sensitivity and the fact that the tests are principally based on cell mortality as a consequence of membrane damage or influence on cell metabolism. Researchers at the Highveld Biological Laboratory in South Africa have the past few years paid particular attention to the MTT assay, originally developed by Mosmann, and have modified this assay. In this thesis the adjusted method is referred to as the Modified Highveld Biological assay. There were, however, still a few adjustments to be made in order to use this modified method to its full potential. The Bioluminescent assay, also were thought to have potential to be modified as water quality screening test. Therefore, the hypotheses investigated in the current thesis were: • The original Mosmann MTT method can be modified successfully to provide a sensitive, reproducible mass screening method for determining chemical cytotoxicity and water quality, by using the K-562 cell line. • Sensitivity of the assay can be increased by utilizing a 3 phase medium cycle (Medium type 1-3) instead of the previously used single culture medium. • Furthermore, this cytotoxicity assay can be successfully utilized to determine whether any chemical solution or water sample is cytotoxic. Thus information was needed to determine whether cytotoxicity correlates with real life toxicity. This requires time-consuming epidemiological surveys unless results can be correlated with previous surveys. The research in this thesis attempted to indicate that the obtained cytotoxicity can be used to predict toxicity of a water sample, and that the cytotoxicity findings of this dissertation may indeed be meaningful. The culturing conditions of the Modified Highveld Biological MTT assay were modified successfully and could thus be utilized as the first assay in a battery of tests to determine overall cytotoxicity by utilising K¬652 cells in culture. Due to successful modification of the assay, this MTT assay now reduces assay duration, thereby saving important resources. An attempt was also made to optimise the Bioluminescent assay. This method is based on the fact that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present in all living cells. The method utilizes an enzyme, firefly luciferase, which catalyses the formation of light from ATP and luciferin. The emitted light intensity is linearly dependent on the ATP . concentration and is measured using a luminometer. The following problems were, however, identified that renders this method unsatisfactory as cytotoxicity indicator for water samples. • The luciferase enzyme is too sensitive to too many different substances used in the cell culture medium and in the preparation procedures of the cells (ions, salts etc.) which makes it less suited for usage for fast, effective testing of water toxicity. • This method will probably function better when luciferase can be carried into the cells or form part of the cells' genetic material. • We therefore suggest that, the Bioluminescent assay might possibly be a method to determine cytotoxicity, if the sensitivity of the luciferase enzyme could be further investigated. Thus it could be concluded that luminescence is not suitable for assaying complex mixtures because it is possible for unknown non~toxic agents, present in test samples, to interfere with the process of light emission (quenching). Lastly, known chemical solutions as well as unknown water samples were screened using the adjustments to the Modified Highveld Biological Method proposed in this thesis. The cytotoxicity of unknown water samples and chemical solutions were successfully determined and different cytotoxic effects were obtained, e.g. synergism, antagonism, additive effects and neutral effects. It was also possible to reduce or remove the cytotoxicity of certain water samples by applying pre~treatment with either Na2CO3 (removing possible toxic divalent and polyvalent metals) or SepPak cartridge clean up (removing organic toxicants). Results indicated that the method is very sensitive and can detect even low traces of toxicants. Thus, it can be concluded that the method was successfully adjusted to be useful as a first screening assay for toxicity analysis of a series of environmental water samples.Dissertation (MSc (Anatomy))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Anatomy
unrestricted
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Genetzky-Haugen, Mindy S. "Determining the relationship and Influence organizational culture has on organizational trust." 2010. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/aglecdiss/5.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2010.Title from title screen (site viewed April 22, 2010). PDF text: vi, 58 p. : col. ill. Publication: Theses & Dissertations, Agricultural Leadership, Education & Communication Department. Includes bibliographical references.
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Horn, Marizanne. "Barley anther culture: determining the optimal pre-treatment for green plant regeneration." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3624.
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Magister Scientiae - MScDoubled Haploid (DH) Technology is an important tool for plant breeding and biotechnological applications as it accelerates the breeding cycle of plants by shortening the time required to attain homozygosity. Anther culture has become one of the most frequent and well-established methods for the induction of haploid embryogenesis and regeneration in barley. Anther culture is easily reproduced and workable for a wide range of genotypes. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal pre-treatment for barley anther culture. Three pre-treatments, 0.3 M Mannitol, 0.7 M Mannitol and a cold treatment with a moist cloth (CMC), were studied. The results suggest that CMC is the optimal pre-treatment to use for green plant regeneration. Anthers treated with CMC showed a higher response percentage than that of 0.7 M Mannitol and 0.3 M Mannitol. CMC also induced a significantly higher callus formation and green plant regeneration frequencies than 0.7 M Mannitol and 0.3 M Mannitol. Further research has to be conducted to further optimize green plant yields per treatment as well as reduce the number of albinos regenerated through barley anther culture.
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Michaud-Ouellet, Joëlle Alice. "Self-determining peoples against the myth of the civic nation." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1782.
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This thesis relies on the idea that members of a culture should be able to secure the survival and flourishing of their own culture, or, in other words, that they should be self-determining. The collective will to take charge of its own destiny is the sign that a political community exists. The development of this subjectivity is made possible by a shared culture. I argue for conceptualizing self-determination in a way that recognizes both the autonomy of cultural groups and the necessity for people-to-people relations between groups. The people-to-people relations are necessary for allowing the coexistence of different peoples with the same right to self-determination. Although the contemporary discourse of liberal multiculturalism is sympathetic to cultural self-determination, it tends to undercut its own commitment by linking itself to the current systems of nation-states and specifically Western liberal ideas about recognition and empowerment. I will argue that the nationalist discourse that is specific to the literature on liberal multiculturalism intends to empower self-determining peoples, but ultimately reinforces a hierarchy of peoples in which minorities’ nationalism is instrumental to the achievement of the myth of an overarching civic nation that is embodied in the liberal state. (T1). The myth of the civic nation has its origins in the liberal principles of individualism and neutrality of the state. In the context of a multinational state, attempts to create an overarching civic nation result in efforts to domesticate and assimilate diversity. My thesis will also argue that the survival and flourishing of cultures requires both questioning the universality of the state model and developing a post-nationalist framework that would acknowledge the legitimacy of a great diversity of political communities, as such diversity is representative of the diverse cultures that sustain these political communities. (T2).
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Pin, Ying, and 陳瀠瀕. "The Importance of Service Culture in Determining the Relationship between Transactional Inequity and Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33282395444823557900.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
行銷與流通管理所
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The Importance of Service Culture in Determining the Relationship between Transactional Inequity and Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Student: Ying Pin ChenAdvisor: Dr. Stephen Donald Strombeck Department of Marketing and Distribution management National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology ABSTRACT In order to achieve customer satisfaction, a lot of studies explored what will impact on customer satisfaction and how to satisfy customers. And most results of researches showed equity was a fair important factor (Oliver and Swan 1989; Szymanski and Henard 2001). In addition to equity, service quality also has significant effect on satisfaction. Improving service quality also reduces customers’ defections and creates loyalty (Frederick and Sasser 1990). And Ramaswamy(1996) proposed a service-based competitive strategy depends on strategic service culture that is sensitive to customers’ service requirements. The service culture in this research that emphasizes the service concept extends all over organization. There are three main purposes in this research. First, this study will review and employ experimental design to retest the relation between equity and customer satisfaction. Second, this research attempts to demonstrate the concept of service culture and explore if service culture will influence the effect of inequity on satisfaction. Finally, what the consequences of customer dissatisfaction and satisfaction are under different level of inequity and service culture that is the third purpose of this research. The result in this research reconfirmed the relationship between equity, satisfaction and loyalty (Huppertz, Arenson and Evans 1978; Olsen and Johnson 2003). In addition, customer will not satisfied and be loyal when customer perceives inequity. Even under high service culture and medium service culture, after suffering high inequity situation customers should no sign of being satisfied with service provider but had low intentions to voice which suggests they may remain loyal. Obviously, under low service culture and high inequity situation, customers are both unsatisfied and disloyal. According to the results of this research, several managerial implications are proposed: 1. Managers need to concern about the behavior of their employees on the frontline. 2. Service provider who devotes to excellent service has to pay more attention performance all the time, as result of customers may not stand any mistake with higher expectation. 3. The companies of different positions, such as high, medium and low service culture, have to develop different directions of management.