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1
Aliyev, Vasif. "A Qualitative Observations on the Azarbaijan Cultural Values in Terms of Hofstede`s Cultural Dimensions." Business and Management Research 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v9n2p19.
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One of the most fundamental studies on culture in recent years is Dutch scientist Geert Hofstede’s study of the cultural dimension. This study shows what Hofstede's cultural dimensions; individualism-collectivism, power distance, masculinity-femininity, uncertainty avoidance and the countries’ compliance with those dimensions. Additionally, attempts have been made to clarify through qualitative observations which dimensions Azerbaijani culture corresponds in Hofstede criterion.
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Borker, David R. "Is There A Favorable Cultural Profile For IFRS?: An Examination And Extension Of Gray's Accounting Value Hypotheses." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i2.7629.
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Gray (Gray, 1988) proposed a link between Geert Hofstedes (Hofstede, 1980) popular national culture dimensions used in comparative management analysis and his own comparative concepts for accounting. In the past twenty-four years, Grays work has been cited by over 650 scholars. His article presented a hypothetical set of complex correspondences between Hofstedes original four dimensions of Power-distance, Individualism, Masculinity, and Uncertainty Avoidance and Grays accounting values of Professionalism versus Statutory control, Uniformity versus Flexibility, Conservatism versus Optimism, and Secrecy versus Transparency. Grays accounting dimensions were intended to capture underlying cultural values that would tend, in the absence of external influences or other factors, to influence a culture toward the development of certain types of accounting systems. The purpose of this paper is to identify which Gray values and which corresponding Hofstede cultural dimensions would be most supportive of the establishment of accounting standards like the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), currently being adopted by nations throughout the world. A specific set or profile of Gray values most conducive to IFRS is identified and termed the IFRS-favorable profile. In arriving at this profile, the paper also addresses two newer Hofstede cultural dimensions, long-term orientation and Restraint versus Indulgence, and extends Grays model by proposing how these two new Hofstede dimensions correspond to Grays four accounting dimensions. The IFRS-favorable profile and the expansion of Grays link to Hofstede are discussed as practical applications to facilitate successful IFRS implementation in individual countries.
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Borker, David R. "Accounting, Culture, And Emerging Economies: IFRS In The BRIC Countries." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2012): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i5.6983.
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The culturally derived accounting orientations of four major emerging economies, Brazil, Russia, India and China, the BRIC countries, are examined based on the Geert Hofstede work on cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 1980) and the hypothetical derivation of related accounting values by S. J. Gray. (Gray, 1988) Results on Hofstedes four original cultural dimensions are analyzed and compared. An analysis of results for Grays derived accounting values is presented for these countries. An IFRS favorable profile based on Grays accounting value dimensions is developed and BRIC and G7 results on these dimensions are compared. Strategies to adjust for country cultural profiles at variance with the IFRS profile are proposed.
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Yoo, Alice Julianna. "The Effect Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Have On Student-Teacher Relationships In The Korean Context." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 10, no. 2 (March 28, 2014): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v10i2.8519.
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This paper explores the role that culture plays in the classroom setting through Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions. Hofstede categorizes four dimensions of cultural differences, but this paper will focus on power distance, which Hofstede describes as the phenomenon in which less powerful members of a society accept inequality in power as a societal norm. The effect power distance has on student-teacher interactions in a Collectivist society, such as Korea, among South Korean University students and an EFL teacher from an Individualistic culture will be discussed.
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Agusinta, Lira, Cecep Pahrudin, and Wildan Wildan. "BUDAYA PERUSAHAAN DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN TRANSPORTASI UDARA." JURNAL MANAJEMEN TRANSPORTASI DAN LOGISTIK 4, no. 2 (September 11, 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.25292/j.mtl.v4i2.97.
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This study examines the influence of corporate culture on the performance of airline employees in Jakarta. These four dimensions of Hofstede culture as a means of measuring performance use airline employees in Jakarta as respondents. This research is integrates the influence of Hofstede cultural dimension on performance. The results showed that Hofstede cultural dimension has a direct positive effect on performance.
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Yaşar, Hikmet, and Mustafa Sağsan. "The Mediating Effect of Organizational Stress on Organizational Culture and Time Management: A Comparative Study With Two Universities." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402091950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919507.
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This research was designed to investigate whether organizational stress had an intermediary role in the effect of Hofstede cultural dimensions on time management. Near East University from Cyprus, which represents the individual culture, and Hakkari University from Turkey representing the collectivist culture were selected for the research analyses. In all, 638 administrative and academic members from both universities were interviewed face-to-face on a voluntary basis, and data were collected by the simple random sampling method. The research findings suggest that time should be managed after identifying the type of culture—individualistic or collectivist—to decrease the level of stress experienced by university staff. In other words, Hofstede’s cultural dimension has an impact on time management, and organizational stress has a partial mediation effect on this dimension. Although the variables in the study have been studied in the literature together with many different factors, Hofstede is significant in terms of determining the role of organizational stress in the effect of cultural dimensions on time management. The effectiveness of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions through organizational stress in time management allows business and project plans to be carried out in a way that manages individual, team or departmental performances taking into account the organizational stress elements. It is considered that this study will particularly be effective in medicine, project management, and independent auditing.
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ZIYATDINOVA, Julia N. "INVESTIGATING HOFSTEDE CULTURAL DIMENSIONS AMONG ENGINEERING STUDENTS." PRIMO ASPECTU, no. 3(43) (September 28, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/2500-2635-2020-3-43-31-38.
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International cooperation is impossible without intercultural competencies of employees and their readiness to work in multicultural teams. Therefore, engineering students should be aware of cultural differences between nations, understand their cultural dimensions criteria, and be capable to find contact with people from other cultures. The paper used G. Hofstede survey methods to evaluate the levels of cultural dimensions of Master’s degree engineering students in a Russian university. The data obtained were compared to the Cultural Compass online databank. The majority of cultural dimensions parameters matched the figures from the online databank, while two dimensions, namely, “power distance” and “uncertainty avoidance” gave different results. The survey and its results were later discussed with the students. The discussions showed that the students were open for a dialog, and interested in improving their intercultural competencies. The investigation results showed that by engaging engineering students into discussing cultural diversity and unity issues we can provide a higher efficiency team work of the local and international students. This experience has a positive impact on the competitiveness of the future graduates. Further research will enlarge the number of students participating in cultural surveys.
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Carolina, Țîmbalari. "Dimensions of National Culture – Cross-cultural Theories." Studies in Business and Economics 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2019-0055.
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AbstractOver the past three decades, after Hofstede presented his proposal about cultural differences, many authors have presented their dimensions of national culture. The aim of this article is to give a synthesis of the proposal from significant authors and show a set of models of cultural dimensions based on theoretical and pragmatic analysis such as models of Hofstede, Trompenaars, GLOBE, Inglehart, Schartz. Also, examples used in this paper help more to understand the importance of research national culture.
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Danu Kristianto, Bernard Realino, and Rustono Farady Marta. "SIMPLIFIKASI RITUAL HARAI DAN DIMENSI KULTURAL HOFSTEDE DALAM IKLAN FORTE VERSI SUMO." Bricolage : Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi 5, no. 01 (July 25, 2019): 091. http://dx.doi.org/10.30813/bricolage.v5i01.1744.
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<p>ABSTRACT<br />This research is entitled Simplification of Hit Ritual and Hofstede Cultural Dimensions in Sumo Version of Forte Ads. This study aims to understand the Harai Rituals in simplified Sumo rituals and Hofstede's cultural dimensions in FORTE cigarette product advertisements. The FORTE cigarette product is relatively new in the Indonesian market. This cigarette product originating from a Japanese company was launched by a local Indonesian company, PT Djarum. But in the advertisement, the product featured Sumo wrestlers who were squeezed by a frame which later revealed mighty tiny writing as the main FORTE cigarette slogan. In the discussion, it will be explained how Hofstede's dimensions of cultural cross are presented through the overall appearance of Forte's cigarette advertisements and products. The researcher concluded that the audio-visual work of Forte cigarette products in the form of advertisements was a simplification of the ritual of the Sumo sport for the purpose of product promotion and the duration of the ad itself. The Japanese cultural identity that appears in FORTE's cigarette advertisements through Sumo sports has the complexity of historical cultural dimensions which are full of meaning and philosophy.</p><p><strong>Keywords; Simplification, Harai, ritual, cultural, Hofstede, Forte.</strong></p><p><strong></strong>ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian ini berjudul Simplifikasi Ritual Harai dan Dimensi Kultural Hofstede dalam Iklan Forte Versi Sumo. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami Ritual Harai dalam ritual Sumo yang tersimplifikasi serta dimensi budaya Hofstede dalam iklan produk rokok FORTE. Adapun produk rokok FORTE ini tergolong baru di pasar Indonesia. Produk rokok yang berasal dari perusahaan Jepang ini diluncurkan oleh perusahaan lokal Indonesia, PT Djarum. Namun dalam penayangan iklannya, produk ini menampilkan pegulat Sumo yang terhimpit oleh frame yang kemudian memunculkan tulisan mighty tiny sebagai slogan utama rokok FORTE tersebut. Dalam pembahasan, akan dipaparkan bagaimana dimensi-dimensi lintas kultural Geert Hofstede dipaparkan melalui penampilan keseluruhan iklan dan produk rokok Forte. Peneliti mengambil kesimpulan bahwa karya audio visual produk rokok Forte yang berbentuk iklan merupakan simplifikasi ritual harai dalam olahraga Sumo demi tujuan promosi produk dan durasi iklan itu sendiri. Identitas budaya Jepang yang tampil dalam iklan rokok FORTE melalui olah raga Sumo memiliki kompleksitas dimensi kultural historis yang sarat makna dan filosofi.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci; Simplifikasi, ritual, Harai, kultural, Hofstede, Forte.</strong></p>
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Aleqedat, Houda Qasim. "Does Cultural Hofstede dimension "Indulgence versus Restraint" impact the Corporate Performance." Journal of Sustainable Community Development (JSCD) 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32924/jscd.v3i2.49.
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Jordan, as an Arab country located in the Middle East, began to pay attention to change. Jordanian society began to move from an old-style state to a contemporary state. Where globalization had a significant impact on culture, either in terms of individual culture and organizational culture. On the other hand, many studies emphasized that culture through its dimensions has an important role in influencing the corporate atmosphere or corporate social responsibility, as well as affecting the financial performance of companies. Moreover, the literature indicates that cultural dimensions influence the conduct of individuals and the performance of firms. .
The literature indicated that there are different dimensions of culture, including Hofstede's dimensions of culture, which are Power Distance Index; Individualism versus collectivism; Masculinity versus Femininity; Uncertainty Avoidance index; Long-versus Short- Term Orientation; Indulgence versus Restraint. This study focused on the Indulgence versus Restraint dimension, as a recent dimension, where through the literature it can be predicted the existence of a critical role for the indulgence dimension on performance. After reviewing the literature related to the Indulgence dimension, it was found that there is a shortage and almost no local studies conducted in Jordan regarding the Indulgence versus Restraint dimension. Since this dimension is new, this paper stresses the importance of more research on this subject to expand the local literature on Indulgence and its impact on the performance in the Jordan context and compare it with other countries in order to provide important and useful results for the policymakers.
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Danylovа, T. V., and V. A. Budegay. "CULTURAL AND CIVILIZATIONAL INTERACTIONS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD: HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS THEORY." HUMANITARIAN STUDIOS: PEDAGOGICS, PSYCHOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY 12, no. 2 (November 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/hspedagog2021.02.022.
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An essential feature of the contemporary globalized world is the emergence and active development of a network of interactions between the representatives of the different cultural and civilizational communities that was not typical during the previous historical epochs. Under these conditions, there is a process of restructuring of every culture, every civilization system. If earlier the processes of civilizational and cultural renewal had lasted for centuries and millennia, today they have been taking place over years and decades. Nowadays, there is a conglomeration of cultural-civilizational communities that are different in history, traditions, languages, and religions. They develop, interact and mutually influence each other through cultural and civilizational dialogue. These relatively independent societies have to coexist within common information space, in which intercultural and intercivilizational communication is an important factor in regulating both internal life and relations between countries. G. Hofstede made a great contribution to the development of cultural dimensions theory. The works of G. Hofstede gave rise to an influential research tradition in the field of intercultural interactions. They are actively used by the researchers and consultants in the field of international business and communication. They continue to be a major resource in intercultural research and inspire the study of both cultural values and other aspects of culture. The article aims to highlight Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. The author used an anthropological integrative approach, comparative analysis and interpretive research paradigm.
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Amirhosseini, Zahra, and Vivian O. Okere. "Effect Of Cultural Dimensions On Stock Exchange Investment Decisions In Iran." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2012): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i12.7425.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of cultural dimensions on personal investment decisions in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The cultural dimensions model was well established by Geert Hofstede (1980). This research tested a main hypothesis and four subsidiary hypotheses. The data was gathered through library methods and questionnaires. The results showed that the main hypothesis which examined whether there is a significant relationship between cultural dimensions and investment decisions in the Tehran stock exchange was confirmed. Subsidiary hypothesis about the relationship between two of Hofstedes cultural dimensions, Power Distance and Individualism, and investment decisions was not confirmed at a meaningful level. However other subsidiary hypothesis of the research based on the relationship between Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance and investment decisions was significant at a meaningful level and confirmed.
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Mousavi, Maryamossadat. "Assessing the Consistency of the Design of Iranian Websites with Cultural Characteristics of their Target Users: An Investigation of the Hofstede Model." Information Management and Business Review 4, no. 6 (June 15, 2012): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v4i6.990.
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The influence of culture on the design of websites has been researched extensively. A group of researchers has implemented Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions as a proper framework to study this subject. The literature supports that cultural characteristics of the Hofstede model are significantly present in the design of websites. It also suggests that making a website compatible with the cultural characteristics of the target users facilitates effective interaction of the users with the websites. Building upon these observations, the present study has investigated the impact of Iranian culture on the design of Iranian university websites. We have measured the consistency of their design with the cultural characteristics of their target users and studied the possible improvements brought about by a culturally harmonious design. To this end, one sample t-test method is applied to compare the scores given by the end users for each cultural dimension, with the scores of the Hofstede model to measure the level of consistency. The results suggest that the design of Iranian university websites represents a more collectivistic and masculine culture with higher indices of power distance than what is specified in the Hofstede model and a change towards a more individualistic, elegant and informal design is necessary for the websites to improve their conformance to the cultural elements of Iranian users and improve their experience. To our knowledge, the present paper is novel in two aspects: firstly, it focuses on the case for Iran, which has not been extensively studied before; secondly, it makes a parallel study to measure the users’ preferences and compares it to the predictions made by the Hofstede model.
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Demmler, Michael, Ricardo Ortiz Ayala, and Alejandra Urbiola Solís. "Comparing Corporate Cultural Profiles Using the Cultural Dimensions of Hofstede." Journal of Business and Management Sciences 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2018): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/jbms-6-2-1.
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Firdaus, Dwi Rini Sovia, Djuara Lubis, Endriatmo Soetarto, and Djoko Susanto. "Potret Budaya Lokal Masyarakat Tanjung Raya, Kabupaten Agam - Sumatera Barat di Era Digital." Jurnal Komunikasi Pembangunan 16, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46937/16201826339.
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The people of West Sumatra, who have been adhering to the Minangkabau matrilineal cultural tradition, are currently experiencing cultural decay. Many studies speculate that the unique Minangkabau culture will not be too much disturbed by the influx of globalization because in essence the only part that will be eroded is the peripheral part, while the core will remain preserved for all time. This study photographed the people of Tanjung Raya District based on existing family typologies, then saw a shift in norms passed on to teenagers using the six Hofstede cultural dimensions. This study surveyed five types of families with calculations using a simple addition operation. The results of the questionnaire were made high and low criteria, then presented in cobweb graphical form. The assessment indicators are based on the six dimensions of Hofstede's culture. Shifting the teachings of exemplary teachings from Minangkabau culture is determined using the ANOVA test. The results of this study are to map the portrait of Minangkabau culture according to Hofstede and a portrait of each of Hofstede's dimensions in each type of family in Tanjung Raya District. From there, it can be seen how far away the approach of the values taught by the family towards Minangkabau culture is approaching.
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Firdaus, Dwi Rini Sovia, Djuara Lubis, Endriatmo Soetarto, and Djoko Susanto. "POTRET BUDAYA LOKAL MASYARAKAT TANJUNG RAYA, KABUPATEN AGAM - SUMATERA BARAT DI ERA DIGITAL." Jurnal Komunikasi Pembangunan 16, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jurnalkmp.16.2.248-265.
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The people of West Sumatra, who have been adhering to the Minangkabau matrilineal cultural tradition, are currently experiencing cultural decay. Many studies speculate that the unique Minangkabau culture will not be too much disturbed by the influx of globalization because in essence the only part that will be eroded is the peripheral part, while the core will remain preserved for all time. This study photographed the people of Tanjung Raya District based on existing family typologies, then saw a shift in norms passed on to teenagers using the six Hofstede cultural dimensions. This study surveyed five types of families with calculations using a simple addition operation. The results of the questionnaire were made high and low criteria, then presented in cobweb graphical form. The assessment indicators are based on the six dimensions of Hofstede's culture. Shifting the teachings of exemplary teachings from Minangkabau culture is determined using the ANOVA test. The results of this study are to map the portrait of Minangkabau culture according to Hofstede and a portrait of each of Hofstede's dimensions in each type of family in Tanjung Raya District. From there, it can be seen how far away the approach of the values taught by the family towards Minangkabau culture is approaching.
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Tehrani, Minoo, Andreas Rathgeber, Lawrence Fulton, and Bryan Schmutz. "Sustainability & CSR: The Relationship with Hofstede Cultural Dimensions." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 12052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112052.
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This research explores the relationship between Hofstede’s femininity cultural dimension of quality of life and the masculinity cultural dimension of drive for success manifested by materialistic wealth by investigating the market value of the publicly traded firms appearing on the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSIs). The firms added to the DJSIs between the years 2010–2019 in countries with the femininity cultural dimension indicated by scores of ≤42, were selected for the first part of this study. In addition, France, with a masculinity score of 43 and Japan, with the highest masculinity score of 92, were chosen for comparison with the results from the countries with the femininity cultural dimension. The findings of this study indicate that companies in developed and emerging countries with the femininity cultural dimension show significant positive impact on their market values when added to the DJSIs. The publicly traded firms in France show a significant negative impact on their market values when added to the DJSIs. On the other hand, Japanese companies on the addition lists of DJSIs show a significant positive impact on their market values, despite Japan having the highest Hofstede masculinity score, a potential sign of cultural change in Japan.
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Chowdhury, Fairuz, and Melita Mehjabeen. "The Impact of Culture on Impulse Buying Behavior in Bangladesh." GATR Journal of Management and Marketing Review 6, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2021.6.1(8).
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Objective: The primary aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of culture on impulse buying behavior for an emerging nation, Bangladesh. Methodology: After conducting a detailed literature review, a questionnaire survey was developed. Using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling, a sample size of 351 was attained. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to understand the six cultural dimensions of Hofstede’s model and impulse purchasing behavior, and OLS multiple regression was performed to test the association of the dimensions of culture with impulse buying behavior. Findings: The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between masculinity and impulse buying behavior. Surprisingly, the results suggest that the other five cultural dimensions do not have any significant association with impulse buying behavior, implying that these specific cultural constructs do not influence consumers' impulse buying behavior in Bangladesh. Novelty: Typically, academic research has focused on the individualism/collectivism or power distance dimensions at the cultural level primarily on the developed countries’ context, therefore, calling for further research including several dimensions of Hofstede's cultural model. The novelty of the paper lies in its consideration of including all six dimensions of Hofstede’s model in the context of an emerging nation. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: M31, M39. Keywords: Impulse Buying Behavior; Culture; Emerging Economy; Bangladesh; Hofstede Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Chowdhury, F; Mehjabeen, M. (2021). The Impact of Culture on Impulse Buying Behavior in Bangladesh, Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 6(1) 73 – 85. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2021.6.1(8)
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Gjana, Irma. "Hofstede’s Culture Values Survey in Albania: How the cultural scores have shifted over time?" Mednarodno inovativno poslovanje = Journal of Innovative Business and Management 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32015/jibm/2020-12-1-7.
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The purpose of this paper is to highlight the changes that Albanian cultural dimensions’ scores have undergone over time. Hofstede’s Value Survey Module 2013 (VSM, 2013) has been applied to examine the six dimensions of culture; power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation and indulgence. The survey data (N = 387) was collected in the two largest private hospitals in Albania. Globalization, technological developments, economical flourishing and crisis, war and peace, influence the shifting of national cultural dimensions’ scores toward negative or positive values (Hofstede et al. 2010). In this study we aim to show the shifting of Albanian culture value scores in time, and compare the results with the ones predicted by the researchers of the field. The results obtained show a negative shift on Albanian culture dimension score of power distance, individualism, long term orientation and indulgence, and a positive shift on masculinity and uncertainty avoidance values. Implications for researchers of the field are discussed in the paper.
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Leonavičienė, Edita, and Aurelija Burinskienė. "Accelerating Cultural Dimensions at International Companies in the Evidence of Internationalisation." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031524.
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The research goal is to investigate whether several cross-cultural dimensions proposed in the Hofstede cultural model link international companies and their affiliations operating in Scandinavia and Baltic countries. Although cultural aspects have got much more attention in internationalisation studies over the last decade, there is still room for research focusing on such study areas. The authors start with the analysis of the literature review. Presenting the holistic approach affecting internationalisation and a list of factors necessary for internationalisation, later on, the authors present the cultural dimension of Hofstede, and then give various qualitative methods applied for studies on internationalisation. Design/Methodology/Approach: To complete the research, the authors selected the database from Nasdaq (2021), listed MNE companies from six countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The mother company is located in Scandinavia, and the daughter company is in the Baltics based on FDI flows. The author’s research included 56 MNE companies from Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange. We used the correlation matrix to support the research and present the direction of identified connections to proceed with it. Findings: Obtained results revealed that there are strong links among several cultural dimensions. The results show seven positives and four negative links when discussing cross-cultural links. This finding shows that talking about intercultural relations, only four out of six Hofstede cultural dimensions have at least one strong connection operating business internationally. Originality/Value/Practical implications: The authors identified that some cross-cultural dimensions could not be analysed further because they do not have significant links. The limitations of the study and further research directions are also provided.
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Goularte, Alexandre da C., and Silvia Novaes Zilber. "The moderating role of cultural factors in the adoption of mobile banking in Brazil." International Journal of Innovation Science 11, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-11-2017-0119.
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Purpose This study aims to evaluate the impact of country culture, represented by Hofstede cultural dimensions, in the adoption of Brazilian mobile banking services. Design/methodology/approach Based on the replication of a theoretical model previously tested in Mozambique (Africa) that combines the extended version of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) with the five Hofstede cultural dimensions, this study tested that model in another emerging country, Brazil, using partial least squares (PLS) as a modeling method. Findings Replication showed that the cultural dimensions do not present strong significance in the moderation of the use of mobile banking. In fact, out of the five dimensions tested, three were not significant and two showed weak significance (p < 0.10): collectivism and short-term orientation. Those results, contrasting with that one presented by Baptista and Oliveira (2015), made sense under Ajzen’s theory (1991) – the TPB, leading to the conclusion that the moderation of cultural dimensions on behavior use is not applicable. Originality/value The authors concluded that the tested model may not be adherent, finding a theoretical gap to be explored in future studies: the moderation of the behavioral intention by cultural variables proposed by Hofstede. That finding supported the proposition of a new theoretical model, which considers the moderation of cultural dimensions in another place: behavioral intention to use mobile banking instead of the behavior use, as proposed by Baptista and Oliveira (2015). So, based on the research results and based on some authors cited in this study (Choi et al., 2014; Chou, 2013; Srite and Karahanna, 2006), it is proposed to insert Hofstede cultural variables as moderators of independent variables on the behavioral intention.
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Guðmundsdóttir, Svala, Þórhallur Guðlaugsson, and Gylfi Dalmann Aðalsteinsson. "Icelandic National Culture compared to National Cultures of 25 OECD member states using VSM94." Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2015.11.1.2.
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Researchers such as Hofstede (2002) and House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman and Gupta, (2004) have defined well-known cultural clusters such as, Anglo, Germanic, and Nordic cultural clusters. However, Iceland was not incorporated in these studies and therefore the research question of this paper is: In relation to Hofstede´s five cultural dimensions where does Iceland differ in relation to 25 of the OECD member states using VSM94? A questionnaire was sent to students at the University of Iceland, School of Social Sciences by e-mail in October 2013. The five dimensions of national culture were measured using scales developed by Hofstede called VSM 94. The results indicated that Iceland differs considerably from nations such as Slovakia, Japan, India, Thailand and China, which were found high in PDI and the MAS dimension while Iceland was found to be high in IDV and low in PDI. When considering the 25 OECD countries, Iceland is more similar to the Anglo cluster, C3, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdon, Australia and United States than the Nordic cluster, C1 i.e. Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Iceland is similar to those countries in relation to high IDV, low PDI but differs in the dimensions MAS and UAI where Iceland scores higher.
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Krautz, Carolin, and Stefan Hoffmann. "Cross-cultural application of a practice-oriented acquiescence measure." International Marketing Review 36, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 391–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2018-0091.
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Purpose Extant research shows that acquiescence response style (ARS) is culture-bound and may bias the results of comparative cross-cultural studies. Conventional measures of ARS are difficult to apply in practice. To overcome this limitation, the purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative, practice-oriented measure, namely, pARS. The authors apply Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (Hofstede et al., 2010) to test whether pARS is culture-bound. The cross-cultural study provides a high level of cross-cultural generalisability due to the extensive number of surveyed countries (n=30) and subjects (n=236.089). The authors run multi-level analysis to identify within- and between-country-level predictors. Design/methodology/approach On the individual level, the authors use data of a large-scale cross-cultural study, including 236.089 consumers from 30 countries worldwide. The authors apply several methods to test for the culture-boundness of pARS. First, they apply correlation analysis to replicate existing cross-cultural results and to ensure nomological validity. Second, applying ordinary least square regression, the authors simultaneously test the six Hofstede cultural dimensions (Hofstede et al., 2010) and investigate interactions between the dimensions. Finally, they use multi-level analysis to confirm the stability of culture-bound results, controlling for individual- and country-level variability. Findings The paper introduces an alternative measure for acquiescence (pARS), which is particularly suitable for shorter questionnaires. A large-scale consumer study with 236.089 respondents in 30 countries supports the culture-bound validity of pARS. The authors confirm construct validity and the nomological network of pARS. Contrasting existing studies, multi-level analysis demonstrates that a high level of power distance majorly leads to ARS. Therefore, cross-cultural researchers need to control for ARS in countries high in power distance, especially when paired with high uncertainty avoidance. Originality/value A large-scale consumer study with 236.089 respondents from 30 countries shows that respondents from various countries differ significantly in their level of acquiescence. The study confirms that power distance is the most relevant cultural dimension to explain these differences. Although ARS may bias the results of comparative cross-cultural studies, it is rarely controlled by market research studies outside the academic realm. The present work proposes and establishes the validity of a practice-oriented measure of acquiescence, namely, pARS. pARS is particularly suitable for shorter questionnaires. In contrast to prior approaches, applying pARS does not require adding non-substantive items to the questionnaire.
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Shabani, Maryam, and Fariz Taherikia. "Cross Cultural research based on Hofstede dimensions in Iran." Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management 5, no. 5 (2015): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2015.00120.6.
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Kassa Tsegaye, Wondwossen, and Qin Su. "Expatriates Cultural Adjustment: Empirical Analysis On Individual Cultural Orientation." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 33, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 963–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i5.10019.
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Previous researches have shown that expatriates` failure rate has steadily increased in recent years. The failure of expatriates mainly related with the cross-cultural challenges. The purpose of this study was to identify factors which have a paramount implication on expatriates’ cultural adjustment. Hierarchical regression and MANCOVA were applied in data analysis. Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimension scores were used to measure culture at national level. The individual cultural orientation was measured using a scale that used Hofstede (1980) dimensions as a framework. Moreover, a recently developed model was adopted to analyze the expatriate adjustment. Cultural adjustment found to be affected more by individual cultural orientation than national culture differences among expatriates` home and host countries. The alignment of the expatriate cultural orientation with the national culture found to be critical for effective expatriate cultural adjustment. The result indicated that gender difference does not have a significant role in expatriate cultural adjustment. This research would have a conceptual contribution in comprehensively assessing individual cultural orientation with cognitive expatriate adjustment. The study indicated factors that MNCs managers would use for effective selection and assignment of expatriates.
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Kaasa, Anneli. "Merging Hofstede, Schwartz, and Inglehart into a Single System." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 52, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220221211011244.
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There are various sets of cultural dimensions in the literature. Can they be merged into a single system? While previous studies have mainly compared different dimensions empirically, this article takes a conceptual approach and explains how Hofstede’s, Schwartz’s, and Inglehart’s models can be merged into one system. Instead of looking at dimensions from different sets one by one, this study uses a novel approach: each set of dimensions is viewed as one unit covering a certain space of values, norms, beliefs, attitudes, etc. The results make it possible to arrange three sets of dimensions into one visualized system and confirm several conclusions in the existing literature. Knowing how different models are related to each other allows easier comparisons of the results of studies using different sets of cultural dimensions as explanations of extraneous variables.
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Komor, Marcin, and Jan Schumann. "Cross-Cultural Differences Between Poland and Germany in Light of Cultural Dimensions Theory." Gospodarka Narodowa 275, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/100830.
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Stoitsova, Tolya. "Gerard Hofstede and His System for Measurement of Cultural and Organizational Differences." Yearbook of Department Mass Communications 1 (October 7, 2020): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ydmc.19.1.2.
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The article offers a brief introduction to a great contemporary scientist – Professor Gerard Hofstede. Three reasons are underlined in connection with the question why Bulgarian researchers, some of them from NBU, are proud to have contributed to the development and implementation of its model for understanding intercultural differences and those in different organizations. The six Hofstede’s dimensions are discussed theoretically. These are: Power Distance; Individualism Versus Collectivism; Masculinity Versus Femininity; Uncertainty Avoidance; Long- and Short-Term Oriented National Cultures; and Indulgence Versus Restraint. Empirical results for Bulgarian culture are presented along with comparisons between Bulgaria and some other cultures using the principle of similarities and differences.
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Adalsteinsson, Gylfi, Svala Gudmundsdottir, and Thorhallur Gudlaugsson. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RELATION TO HOFSTEDE�S NATIONAL CULTURAL DIMENSIONS." Journal of International Management Studies 13, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jims-13-3.9.
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DeBode, Jason D., Dana L. Haggard, and K. Stephen Haggard. "Economic freedom and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 23, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-11-2018-0124.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of broad cultural dimensions, as well as those of religion and legal origin, on countries’ economic freedom, i.e., trade freedom, investment freedom, business freedom, labor freedom, monetary freedom, as well as a composite measure of economic freedom. Design/methodology/approach Linear regression of publicly available data regarding economic freedom (Miller et al., 2018) on cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 2009), legal origin and religion (LaPorta et al., 1999) for 52 countries was performed to determine the impact of these factors on economic freedom. Findings Results indicated femininity was the cultural dimension associated with the most measures of economic freedom. Short-term-oriented cultures were predictive of greater business freedom, while more restrained cultures were associated with greater business and monetary freedoms. Higher individualism was predictive of greater monetary freedom. Catholicism positively predicted investment freedom and negatively predicted business freedom. French civil law negatively predicted labor freedom, while socialist legal origins positively predicted trade freedom, but negatively predicted business freedom. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the impacts of culture, law and religion on economic freedom. One practical implication of this research is that countries would be wise to emphasize more feminine aspects in their cultures, as these are associated with greater economic freedom. Even minor adjustments that move in the direction of cooperation and fair processes might help increase economic freedoms and the many benefits that stem from such freedoms.
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Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd, and Chris Welzel. "Dimensions and Dynamics of National Culture: Synthesizing Hofstede With Inglehart." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 1469–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118798505.
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Cross-national research on cultural differences across space and time intersects multiple disciplines but the prominence of concepts varies by academic fields. Hofstede’s dimensional concept of culture, to begin with, dominates in cross-cultural psychology and international management. Inglehart’s dynamic concept of culture, by contrast, prevails in sociology and political science. We argue that this disciplinary division is unfortunate because the two concepts are complementary, for which reason a synthesis rectifies their mutual weaknesses. Indeed, while Hofstede’s dimensional concept neglects cultural dynamics, Inglehart’s dynamic concept is dimensionally reductionist. We demonstrate empirically that combining these two concepts leads to an improved understanding of cultural differences. Inspired by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, we use data from the European Value Studies and World Values Surveys for 495,011 individuals born between 1900 and 1999 in 110 countries and then show that change on these dimensions proceeds as Inglehart and his collaborators suggest. Most notably, younger generations have become more individualistic and more joyous. But even though economic development and generational replacement drive this cultural change, roughly half of the variation in national cultural orientations is unique to each country, due to lasting intercept differences in developmental trajectories that trace back to remote historic drivers. We discuss the implications for cross-national cultural research.
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Chun, Douglas, Zhen Zhang, Eric Cohen, Liviu Florea, and Omer F. Genc. "Long-term orientation and the passage of time: Is it time to revisit Hofstede’s cultural dimensions?" International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14705958211026342.
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Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are one of the most commonly referenced cultural models in the literature, but it has also been criticized for its inflexibility in terms of allowing for cultural changes over time. In this study, we focus on one salient dimension of national culture, long-term orientation (LTO), to investigate cultural change over time. Using the LTO scale developed by Bearden et al. ((2006) A measure of long-term orientation: development and validation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 34(3): 456–67), we conducted a survey in Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Turkey, and collected 1,452 valid responses. Our study provided new evidence on LTO national ranking and cultural change. We found the countries surveyed no longer appear to be in the same relative positions as when Hofstede first published his results in the 1980s, or his more recent results based on data from the World Value Survey (WVS). Implications for practitioners, academics, and students in the cross-cultural management field are discussed.
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Dunakhir, Samirah, and Mukhammad Idru. "Cultural Values And Perceived Audit Quality: A Conceptual Framework." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(93).
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In accounting and auditing, the concept of cultural relativism was promoted by Riahi-Belkaoui (1995). He developed a cultural relativism in accounting model based on a cognitive perspective view. This theory suggests that different cultural groups "create different cognitions or systems of knowledge for intracultural communications and/or intercultural communications" (Riahi-Belkaoui, 1995, p. 53). Differences in culture can be seen in terms of the value systems held by a culture. Of the values-based conceptions of culture, one of the most important and useful for empirical research was provided by Geert Hofstede (Patel, 2004). Hofstede (1980a) and Hofstede, et al. (2010) developed six cultural factors: (1) individualism versus collectivism; (2) large versus small power distance; (3) strong versus weak uncertainty avoidance; (4) masculinity versus femininity; (5) long-term versus short-term orientation; and (6) indulgence versus restraint. The long-term/short-term orientation was developed based on the concept of Confucian dynamism, which is closely related to the teachings of Confucius and can be interpreted as having a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view (Hofstede, et al., 2010). Meanwhile, the sixth dimension (indulgence versus restraint) was developed from the literature on "happiness research" (Hofstede, et al., 2010). These last two aspect are still not widely understood and are also not directly correlated to the topic of this study. Therefore, these dimension are excluded from the investigation. In addition, the first four Hofstede's taxonomy has been applied comprehensively in cross-cultural accounting research. According to Hofstede (1984), there is solid evidence that the four factors he proposes are universal, even though the original data they are based on were taken from the values scored by multinational corporation employees. Although the data can also be assumed to be up to date, according to Jones (2007, p. 7): …more research is needed to capture the shifting cultural maps which are influenced by, and influence, globalisation and technology, however this is difficult to achieve and may have temporal value. As a result the work of Hofstede will continue to have value now and into the future. This paper presents the conceptual framework based on the findings in the reviewed literature. In auditing, the influence of culture has been investigated widely in relation to audit and financial reporting judgments (Chan, et al., 2003; Haniffa & Cooke, 2002; Lin & Fraser, 2008), auditor independence (Agacer & Doupnik, 1991; Patel & Psaros, 2000; Stevenson, 2002), and ethical perception (Arnold, et al., 2007; Ge & Thomas, 2008; Smith & Hume, 2005). However, cultural research on particular aspects of audit quality perceptions has not been analysed closely, even though cultural values are likely to have a strong impact on perceptions of audit quality. Recognizing the effect of culture on perceived audit quality can make regulators aware of market expectation. As a result, they will be able to improve actual audit quality through the legal and accounting standards they set. In this study, the authors collect data from selected journal articles that mostly provide a comprehensive view of cultural values map and their impact on perceptions. Every journal has a different view. The author participates in comparing these sources of information to create a comprehensive framework. Thus, this study used content analysis both relationship analysis and conceptual analysis. The authors collect data from the theoretical concepts of cultural dimensions and relational relationships of that variable that influence audit quality. Key findings derived from the qualitative study confirmed that the differences in perceptions of the importance of audit quality factors in one country could be due to differences in cultural characteristics. For further consideration, it is necessary to develop a questionnaire instrument or a list of interview questions to measure each indicator of a framework that has been developed and tested as a reliable instrument. Keywords: culture; cultural values; perception; audit quality
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Livermore, Celia Romm, and Pierluigi Rippa. "A Tale of Two Cultures." International Journal of E-Politics 4, no. 2 (April 2013): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jep.2013040104.
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A review of the literature on the role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) reveals the importance of the political aspect of this role. Building on the Political Strategies Framework (Romm & Rippa, 2010), this study investigates the utilization of political strategies across two cultures, the US and India. The findings show crucial differences between CIO’s political behavior in the two cultures that are in line with the Hofstede (1980) culture model. The paper concludes with a discussion of the differences between CIO political behavior in the two cultures and how the Hofstde cultural dimensions can explain these differences.
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Priyastiwi, Priyastiwi. "Pengaruh Budaya Terhadap Akuntansi, Auditing Dan Praktik Akuntansi Internasional." Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha Program Magister Manajemen 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2016): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jrm.v3i1.178.
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The purpose of this article is to provide the basic model of Hofstede and Grays’ cultural values that relates the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s accounting value. This article reviews some studies that prove the model and develop the research in the future. There are some evidences that link the Hofstede’s cultural values studies with the auditor’s judgment and decisions by developing a framework that categorizes the auditor’s judgments and decisions are most likely influenced by cross-cultural differences. The categories include risk assessment, risk decisions and ethical judgments. Understanding the impact of cultural factors on the practice of accounting and financial disclosure is important to achieve the harmonization of international accounting. Deep understanding about how the local values may affect the accounting practices and their impacts on the financial disclosure are important to ensure the international comparability of financial reporting. Gray’s framework (1988) expects how the culture may affect accounting practices at the national level. One area of the future studies will examine the impact of cultural dimensions to the values of accounting, auditing and decision making.
Key word : Motivation, leadership style, job satisfaction, performance
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Zuva, Tranos, and Zeleke Worku. "Relationship between National Culture and Development." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2.2224.
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Culture, as it is defined and well understood, differentiates one group from the other; in more general form, one country from the other. Culture then influences the behaviour and how we think in our everyday lives but so far culture of any group can only be measured in terms of a collection of cultural dimensions. This has made it difficult to establish whether there is any relationship between culture and any other social factors. In this study we derived national culture index from the four (4) Hofstede cultural dimensions (power (equality versus inequality), collectivism (versus individualism), uncertainty avoidance (versus uncertainty tolerance), masculinity (versus femininity)) using geo-mean formula. We then investigated whether there is any relationship between national culture index and national development index. In doing this we endeavoured to answer the question “Is There Really a Relationship Between Culture and Development?” posed by Mbakogu (2004:38). The data used for our experiments for Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture values were retrieved from Hofstede website that has an open licence for academic researchers. Data for human development national index were retrieved from UNDP website (Letter of consent was obtained from UNDP officials). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated (r=0.083, p=0.502>0.05), which indicated that there is very negligible positive relationship between cultural index values and the development index values. Since the value of p is greater than the significance level of 0.05, we concluded that there is inconclusive evidence about the significance of the association established between National Culture Index and National Development Index. Since we currently have a national culture index, researchers can now talk about culture as a homogeneous unit. Researchers may use the national culture index to investigate relationship between culture and any other social factors. In future we intend to use other cultural dimensions proposed by other researchers to present a national culture index.
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Fevriera, Sotya, Nadia Marettania, and Virgiana Nugransih Siwi. "Hofstede’s cultural dimensions in the gravity model using mixed-effect model." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 24, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 306–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v24i2.4572.
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According to the gravity model, the closer the distance between two countries, the trade activity between those countries will be greater. This research aims to know whether the gravity model works on Indonesian export value in 2002-2019. Besides the distance, this research also study the effects of population, per capita PPP GDP and Hofstede cultural dimensions. The research was done using a mixed-effect model. The results of this study show that together, population, per capita PPP GDP, distance and Hofstede cultural dimensions have significant effects on Indonesian export value. The gravity model is proven in this study because distance has a negative effect on export value. Individually, population, per capita PPP GDP and long-term orientation index have a positive significant effect while masculinity index has a negative significant effect on export value. Indonesian export values tend to be elastic toward per capita PPP GDP, population and the distance. This research also found that the effect of per capita PPP GDP has a random effect or its effect is difference among Indonesia’s main trade partners.
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Borker, David R. "Accounting, Culture And Emerging Economies: IFRS In Central And Eastern Europe." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 9 (August 17, 2012): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i9.7184.
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The work of Geert Hofstede and S.J. Gray has provided a framework for many studies of the potential impact of cultural values on accounting in various countries. This paper provides a comparative analysis of accounting perspectives in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC). The CEEC are former communist states in Europe which became independent countries after the collapse of the Iron Curtain. Twelve CEEC were selected for study: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia. Each is examined for Hofstedes six cultural dimensions and a corresponding accounting profile is derived based on Grays accounting values. Profiles for each country are compared to an independent IFRS favorable profile proposed by the author as part of a broader analysis of cultural patterns, among other factors, for successful IFRS implementation.
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Maciejewski, Grzegorz. "Cultural Determinants of Business Negotiations and Behaviors." Cultural Management: Science and Education 5, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/cmse.5-2.05.
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The paper is a theoretical and empirical study on the cultural determinants of business negotiations and behaviors. The theoretical aim of the paper is to present the main models used to study and compare national cultures. The applicable purpose of the paper is to present the results of a comparative analysis of individual cultures of the business world based on the six dimensions of national culture described in Hofstede’s model. The paper is based on the literature and Hofstede Insights data. A comparative analy-sis of data from 118 countries, from all continents, was carried out. Then, based on the cluster analysis, 16 groups of countries – the cultures of the business world – were distinguished and characterized. The obtained results constitute an original contribution to the study of understanding the differences and similarities of individual national cultures. They can also be of value for both scientists pursuing intercul-tural research and business people who conduct their business in various regions of the world.
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Messner, Wolfgang, and Norbert Schäfer. "Methodological issues in group-referenced measurement of Indian culture." South Asian Journal of Global Business Research 4, no. 2 (August 3, 2015): 226–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajgbr-12-2014-0089.
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Purpose – The cultural dimensions of the Hofstede and Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) studies are often used to capture cultural differences and operationalize them in academic research, corporate business, and teaching. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if this context is appropriate for the Indian information technology (IT) offshore services industry; that is, if Indian culture can be measured with group-referenced items, averaged, and explained by discrete dimensions. Design/methodology/approach – The authors devised items based on the GLOBE study, and conducted empirical research with 291 employees of two services sourcing providers in Pune and Bangalore, India. The authors then scrutinized the data set on item and dimension level using statistical methods, such as interrater agreement, t-test, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation. Findings – An interpretation of the analysis posits that cultural assumptions based on dimensions and means are problematic in the context of the Indian IT offshore services industry. The two digit exact values of the GLOBE study (and similarly the ordinal scale by Hofstede) suggest a level of accuracy and absoluteness which could not be replicated in the empirical research. Therefore, one authors should be very careful referring to Indian national culture when conducting intercultural awareness programs and coaching international teams who are engaging with India. Originality/value – The GLOBE study omits to report basic statistics of questionnaire development. Through this replication study in India, the authors provide empirical evidence that the construct validity of cultural dimensions and the concept of national/group averages may be flawed.
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Hafeez, Iqra, Qamaruddin Maitlo, Ishfaque Ahmed Lashari, and Khaliq Ur Rehman. "Nexus among the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions and Consumer Brand Loyalty: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 985–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v7i4.2066.
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Purpose: The current research aims to investigate the nexus among Hofstede’s national cultural dimensions and consumer brand loyalty in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. These cultural dimensions represent the independent fondness of one state of affairs over another that distinguishes the country’s culture (rather than individuals) from each other.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Current research adopts a survey research method for data collection following the quantitative research strategy. Primary data through a self-administrated questionnaire was collected from individuals in southern Punjab, Pakistan’s major cities. Current research has targeted 1110 individuals for data collection, out of which 900 people responded positively to our instruments. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and multiple regressions techniques were used to analyze the impact of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on brand loyalty.
Findings: The current research findings are fascinating as spearman’s correlation shows that Cultural dimensions have a positive relationship but are negatively associated with consumer brand loyalty. Multiple regression analysis results also show that cultural dimensions do not significantly impact consumer brand loyalty.
Implications/Originality/Value: In the Pakistani cultural context, brand loyalty does not take much influence from the cultural values, but there could be some other factors that may affect brand loyalty. Further researchers can explore the exciting reasons for the current research results. Future studies can also explore the other factors which may influence brand loyalty, especially in the culture of southern Punjab, Pakistan.
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Eulerich, Marc, and Nicole Ratzinger-Sakel. "The effects of cultural dimensions on the internal audit function – A worldwide comparison of internal audit characteristics." Corporate Ownership and Control 15, no. 3-1 (2018): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i3c1p6.
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This study seeks to analyze if the national culture has an effect on different characteristics of the internal audit function (IAF). Using an international sample of companies from different industries together with the five cultural dimensions of Hofstede (2001) as proxies for national culture, this study analyzes how cultural differences across countries affect the structure and work of the internal audit function (IAF). In doing so, we estimate linear, logistic and ordered logistic regressions to test the effects of the different country-level cultural variables on our dependent IAF variables. While our research focus is unique, a recent paper by Bik and Hooghiemstra (2017), which has a different purpose and examines the effect of national culture on auditor-in-charge involvement, uses a similar regression approach. The results show a positive association between the different cultural dimensions, e.g. long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance, and an objective and independent IAF. In contrast, other dimensions do not seem to be supportive for an objective and independent IAF. This exploratory study contributes to the literature in at least two ways. First, a new research approach and dimension of IAF research is used. Second, the findings indicate that different cultural dimensions have significant effects on specific IAF characteristics. The findings can help internal audit practitioners and their stakeholders to double-check if specific dimensions of national culture have an impact on IAFs’ characteristics. This study uses a unique research focus and an international dataset to examine the influence of national culture on IAF in multiple dimensions. All five Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are used to obtain a holistic of view on the effects of national and they are linked to relevant proxies which describe the culture and work of the IAF. Our results should open new research streams on internationalization and effects of culture on the IAF.
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Zuva, Tranos, and Zeleke Worku. "Relationship between National Culture and Development." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2(J) (May 19, 2018): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2(j).2224.
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Culture, as it is defined and well understood, differentiates one group from the other; in more general form, one country from the other. Culture then influences the behaviour and how we think in our everyday lives but so far culture of any group can only be measured in terms of a collection of cultural dimensions. This has made it difficult to establish whether there is any relationship between culture and any other social factors. In this study we derived national culture index from the four (4) Hofstede cultural dimensions (power (equality versus inequality), collectivism (versus individualism), uncertainty avoidance (versus uncertainty tolerance), masculinity (versus femininity)) using geo-mean formula. We then investigated whether there is any relationship between national culture index and national development index. In doing this we endeavoured to answer the question “Is There Really a Relationship Between Culture and Development?†posed by Mbakogu (2004:38). The data used for our experiments for Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture values were retrieved from Hofstede website that has an open licence for academic researchers. Data for human development national index were retrieved from UNDP website (Letter of consent was obtained from UNDP officials). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated (r=0.083, p=0.502>0.05), which indicated that there is very negligible positive relationship between cultural index values and the development index values. Since the value of p is greater than the significance level of 0.05, we concluded that there is inconclusive evidence about the significance of the association established between National Culture Index and National Development Index. Since we currently have a national culture index, researchers can now talk about culture as a homogeneous unit. Researchers may use the national culture index to investigate relationship between culture and any other social factors. In future we intend to use other cultural dimensions proposed by other researchers to present a national culture index.
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Froehlich, L., A. R. Dorrough, A. Glöckner, and S. Stürmer. "Similarity Predicts Cross-National Social Preferences." Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, no. 8 (January 8, 2021): 1486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550620982704.
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Humans are not purely selfish money maximizers. Most individuals take into account consequences for others in their decisions, reflecting social preferences. In a large-scale study ( N = 2,889) involving population-representative samples from 10 nations, we investigated social preferences toward different national out-groups. Social preferences varied systematically depending on the other person’s nationality. Individuals showed higher social preferences toward others from nations rated similar to their own nation in terms of the stereotype content dimensions of agency, conservative/progressive beliefs, and communion (ABC) and, to a lesser extent, the Hofstede cultural dimensions. Similarity according to the ABC stereotypes more strongly predicted out-group-specific social preferences than similarity according to the Hofstede cultural dimensions. The effects of similarity on social preferences increased with identification with the national in-group. Results support self-categorization theory, but not social identity theory, indicating that perceptions of similarity influence interaction behavior between individuals from different nations.
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Çelikkol, Mutlu, Hakan Kitapçi, and Gözde Döven. "CULTURE’S IMPACT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INTERACTION EFFECT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LEVEL: AN 81 COUNTRY STUDY." Journal of Business Economics and Management 20, no. 4 (June 13, 2019): 777–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2019.10180.
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This research has two aims. The first one is to determine how and to what extent the national cultural characteristic of a country plays a role in her entrepreneurship success. The second one is to determine whether culture and economic development levels interact with each other on influencing entrepreneurship success. A consecutive five-year longitudinal study, covering 81 countries is conducted. Longitudinal Random Effect Regression Analysis is used to determine the effects of culture on entrepreneurship rates. Data regarding the cultural dimensions indexes of the countries is obtained from Geert Hofstede website and the entrepreneurship rates from the annual reports of the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute. The interaction effect of cultural dimensions and economic development levels on entrepreneurship is analyzed by treating the economic development level is the interacting variable between cultural dimensions and entrepreneurship rates. Economic development levels of the countries are measured by GDP per capita, figures obtained from the World Bank. The findings are that the cultural dimensions Individualism, Long Term Orientation, and Indulgence vs. Restraint influence the entrepreneurship rate in a supportive manner, whereas Masculinity’s impact is in a rendering manner. Other dimensions seem to have no significant effect. Although relevant cultural dimensions do interact with economic development levels, their interaction effects are small. This study has several unique contributions to the entrepreneurship literature, such as its longitudinal nature, using all Hofstede Dimensions, applying a very comprehensive entrepreneurship measurement scale, its huge sample size and containing an interactive analysis of culture and economic development level which is very rare in the literature.
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Nurunnabi, Mohammad. "Does cultural value affect board efficacy? Insights on international corporate governance." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 1257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-09-2016-0081.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate how culture can either reinforce or attenuate the board efficacy (a key element of corporate governance). Design/methodology/approach The study uses the data from the World Economic Forum (2006-2014) of 69 countries. The data were restricted to 69 countries because Hofstede et al. (2010) provided cultural value data from 111 countries. However, the data from 42 countries were incomplete for Hofstede et al.’s four dimensions. Findings The study is the first to show that more religious diversity has a significant negative impact on stronger board efficacy in evaluating corporate governance practices. The results also indicate that more uncertainty avoidance in a country has a significant negative impact and corporate ethics and auditing standards have a positive impact on board efficacy. Originality/value The study extends Hofstede et al.’s (2010) cultural value by incorporating religious diversity and corporate ethics as cultural variables in explaining board efficacy in corporate governance literature. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund should focus on cultural factors while developing a single set of Corporate Governance Code worldwide.
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Zhussupova, R. F., K. K. Kosherova, N. M. Dauletova, O. V. Dyachenko, A. Tolegen, and G. J. Dyke. "IMPLEMENTING THE CULTURAL DIMENSIONS PROPOSED BY GERARD HOFSTEDE FOR INTERCULTURAL MULTILUNGIAL COMMUNICATION." BULLETIN 1, no. 377 (February 15, 2019): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2019.2518-1467.11.
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Martins, Renato Rodrigues. "A terceira linguagem no cross-cultural marketing." Latin American Journal of Development 3, no. 5 (September 22, 2021): 2965–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46814/lajdv3n5-023.
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Aborda a pesquisa de pós-doutoramento do autor, que propõe a terceira linguagem apoiada nas dimensões culturais de Hofstede, uma abordagem da comunicação mercadológica transcultural no século XXI. Nos mercados internacionais a influência cultural determina a gestão estratégica da comunicação persuasiva. As organizações multinacionais brasileiras que atuam nos mercados externos enfrentam a competição que foca suas ações comunicacionais na produção de imagem e em produtos de valor. A terceira linguagem, ao incorporar a comunicação transcultural, pode ser utilizada como um diferencial competitivo das organizações brasileiras internacionais.
Addresses the author's post-doctoral research, which proposes the third language supported by Hofstede's cultural dimensions, an approach to cross-cultural marketing communication in the 21st century. In international markets, cultural influence determines the strategic management of persuasive communication. Brazilian multinational organizations that operate in foreign markets face competition that focuses their communication actions on image production and value products. The third language, by incorporating cross-cultural communication, can be used as a competitive differential of Brazilian international organizations.
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Wilhelm, William Joseph, and Panom Gunawong. "Cultural dimensions and moral reasoning: a comparative study." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 5/6 (June 13, 2016): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-05-2015-0047.
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Purpose – Moral reasoning research in Western cultures is grounded primarily in Kohlbergian cognitive moral theory. Enumerable investigations about the psychological determinants and cultural dimensions of moral reasoning have provided significant insights about Western decision making and contributed to Western organizational behavioral theory. However, inquiry about these same constructs and how they may interact with moral reasoning in non-Western Southeast Asian trading partner countries has not provided comparable insights. The purpose of this paper is to remedy that by comparing predominant cultural dimensions to levels of moral reasoning in student and graduate populations in Thailand and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – The Defining Issues Test (DIT) measurement of moral reasoning (Rest et al., 1999) and the Values Survey Module (VSM) 2013 (Hofstede and Minkov, 2013) were translated for the first time into Thai, pilot tested, and used to gather cultural and moral reasoning data in Thailand. The same English version instruments were used to gather comparable data among similarly matched US samples. Comparisons are presented in this paper, and differences in approaches to moral decision making are discussed. Findings – Findings indicate that there are both significant psychological and cultural differences between the two nations that affect moral reasoning. Predominant status quo moral reasoning predominates in Thailand, while a polarity between self-interest moral reasoning and higher level abstract idealistic moral reasoning predominates in the USA. Potential cultural influences on these moral reasoning tendencies are discussed. Research limitations/implications – While findings can be generalized to the sample populations of Thai and US undergraduate students and graduate students who are in the workplace, the considerable time required to complete the two survey instruments precluded inclusion of higher level, veteran managers and public policy administrators in the study. Alternative survey methods need to be developed for investigating these subjects in order to make the combined findings more robust and widely generalizable. Practical implications – Careful attention to cultural and linguistic variables provided for thorough and effective first-time translations of the DIT and the VSM 2013 from English into the Thai language. These two instruments are now available to other researchers who wish to investigate cultural dimensions and moral reasoning through other research designs. The Thai-version DIT can be obtained from the copyright holder, Center for the Study of Ethical Development (http://ethicaldevelopment.ua.edu/). The Thai-version of the VSM can be obtained through the Geert Hofstede website (www.geerthofstede.nl/). Social implications – These findings can help researchers in Western and non-Western countries to better understand the foundations upon which moral reasoning in the two countries is grounded, and can provide insights about how individuals in quite different cultures perceive ethical dilemmas in the workplace and public arena and attempt to solve them. The findings also serve as another entry point for business managers and public policy administrators to not only better understand organizational behavior as regards ethical decision making, but general decision making as well. Originality/value – This is the first research study comparing cultural dimensions identified by Geert Hofstede and Michael Minkov as measured by the VSM 2013 to moral reasoning as measured by the DIT.
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Nugroho, Thofik, Wing Wahyu Winarno, and Kholid Haryono. "Analisis Pengaruh Dimensi Budaya Terhadap Penggunaan Aplikasi Trasnportasi Online Menggunakan UTAUT2 dan Budaya Hofstede." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 4, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v4i2.2062.
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It is important for online transportation application company to know the factors that influence the use of online transportation applications. Culture is an important factor in research into the acceptance of technology use. This study uses the UTAUT2 research model and Hofstede's cultural dimensions. The main objective of this research will be to investigate that culture influences users in using online transportation applications. The measurement method uses PLS SEM. It is proven that culture influences the use of online transportation applications. It is proven that by adding the cultural dimension in the UTAUT2 model, it can better explain the behavior of using online transportation applications