Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cultural ideals

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cultural ideals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cultural ideals"

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Swami, Viren. "Cultural Influences on Body Size Ideals." European Psychologist 20, no. 1 (2015): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000150.

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Given that an important component of perceptual body dissatisfaction is the discrepancy between ideal and current body sizes, understanding how body size ideals are shaped and transmitted remains an important task for scholars. This review begins by examining cross-cultural patterns of body size ideals. Evidence is presented to indicate that the largest differences in body size ideals are no longer found between Western and non-Western cultures, but between sites differing in socioeconomic status. It is further argued that a thin ideal is now prevalent in most socioeconomically developed, urban sites. In explanation, it has been suggested that both Westernization and modernization bring cultural changes that promote a thin ideal. The present article reviews evidence in favor of both factors and concludes by looking at clinical implications for understanding corporeal experiences in a globalized world.
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Tuchman, Gaye, and Martha Banta. "Imaging American Women: Ideas and Ideals in Cultural History." Contemporary Sociology 17, no. 4 (1988): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2072734.

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Richardson, Frank C., and Robert C. Bishop. "Practices, Power, and Cultural Ideals." Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 24, no. 2 (2004): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0091240.

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Stephan, Ute, and Saurav Pathak. "Beyond cultural values? Cultural leadership ideals and entrepreneurship." Journal of Business Venturing 31, no. 5 (2016): 505–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.07.003.

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Carbone, Teresa A. "Imaging American Women: Ideas and Ideals in Cultural History. Martha Banta." Winterthur Portfolio 23, no. 1 (1988): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/496367.

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Wienke, Chris. "Negotiating the Male Body: Men, Masculinity, and Cultural Ideals." Journal of Men’s Studies 6, no. 3 (1998): 255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106082659800600301.

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In an attempt to understand the relationship between the body and masculinity, this paper explores the extent to which body image has significance in men's lives. I begin by considering the cultural ideal of the male body as conceived within the context of popular culture. Citing both cultural examples and empirical evidence, I argue that the muscular body type represents the dominant cultural ideal. I then explain how the present paper builds on prior research on the male body image. My argument here is that prior research has neglected to study the meaning of body image from the perspective of men's everyday lives and therefore provides an incomplete assessment of men's views of body image. In response, this paper draws from interview data compiled from a larger study, illustrating the different ways men relate to cultural ideals of male bodies, how men adjust to the demands of ideals, and how men normalize their own bodily condition. This paper suggests that men develop a number of complex strategies to negotiate the meaning of their bodies in view of cultural ideals of male physiques.
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Cuddy, Amy J. C., Elizabeth Baily Wolf, Peter Glick, Susan Crotty, Jihye Chong, and Michael I. Norton. "Men as cultural ideals: Cultural values moderate gender stereotype content." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 109, no. 4 (2015): 622–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000027.

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Tarasova, Mariya, and Vyacheslav Kudashov. "Dialectic relationship of cultural and social ideals." Ideas and Ideals 2, no. 2 (2015): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2015-2.2-70-77.

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Murray, Sara. "Eating disorders and criticism of cultural ideals." European Eating Disorders Review 7, no. 3 (1999): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0968(199906)7:3<204::aid-erv277>3.0.co;2-v.

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Heu, Luzia C., Martijn van Zomeren, and Nina Hansen. "Lonely Alone or Lonely Together? A Cultural-Psychological Examination of Individualism–Collectivism and Loneliness in Five European Countries." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 5 (2018): 780–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218796793.

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Average levels of loneliness have been suggested to differ between collectivistic and individualistic countries. However, we know little about how individual-level collectivism (i.e., perceiving the self or one’s social environment as collectivistic) is related to loneliness. As individualism and collectivism imply different ideals about how individuals should be embedded in social relationships, they may imply distinct risks for loneliness. Specifically, less demanding ideals in individualism should imply the risk of lower actual social embeddedness; more demanding ideals in collectivism should imply the risk of higher perceived discrepancies from such ideals. Two cross-sectional survey studies in five European countries (Study 1: Austria, N = 239; Study 2: Italy, Portugal, Sweden, The Netherlands, total N = 860) revealed that higher collectivism was related to lower loneliness. Individualism indeed implied lower social embeddedness, but collectivism did not imply higher discrepancies from ideal embeddedness. We discuss implications for reducing loneliness in different cultural contexts.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cultural ideals"

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Scott, Andrew Fitzgerald. "Modular sculptural form and collective cultural ideals." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303239698.

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Horton, Marvin Darius. "Butterfly, butterfly : ideals, intrigue and cross-cultural contacts." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074532.

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Madame Butterfly is analyzed as a cultural icon. Puccini s Madaina Butterfly and the Butterfly icon, i.e. the submissive Oriental beauty who cannot live after her Western lover betrays her, permeate Western stereotypes of Eastern culture. Through this mindset, miscommunication develops. This concept was popularized in David Henry Hwang's play M. Butterfly, which builds upon Puccini's opera. Through the character's misperceptions of each other, the opera's tragic ending is repeated in Hwang's play after the French diplomat Gallimard realizes that his ideal woman is actually a male spy. Traditions regarding homosexuality and cross-dressing help Song to create Gallimard's feminine ideal. The theater contributes through tan and onnagata roles where men are trained to create perfect feminine illusions. These stereotypes are problematic because they do not allow for the complexities that exist in the theater, on film, and in actual events. Through increased sensitivity and awareness, individuals can see past the stereotypes to see other's complexities.<br>Department of English
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Lambert, Aliette Victoria. "Cultural intelligibility of anxiety : young women, consumer culture, and the 'project' of the self." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25667.

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This thesis critically explores the role of consumer culture in young women’s understanding of self. Drawing on media and cultural studies literature as well as post-structuralist and critical perspectives, this study asks: how does consumer culture guide or influence a young woman’s way-of-being in everyday life? Despite arguments that consumer culture, underpinned by neoliberal principles of personal responsibility and individualism, has become the institution of reference for young women, consumer research on the experiences of women, and from feminist perspectives, is generally sparse. Moreover, claims that consumer culture may covertly subjugate young women by encouraging practices of self regulation are in contention with consumer research that emphasises consumption as a means of self-expression and agency. Therefore, a qualitative, feminist study was conducted in which, over 18 months, fifteen women, aged 20 to 34, engaged in multiple in-depth interviews. The data generation process typically consisted of four interviews over a nine-month period: the first interview covering life history and background was followed by an in-home ‘show-and-tell’ interview about the participant’s ‘stuff’. The third interview addressed participants’ engagement with digital technologies also through a ‘show-and-tell’ approach and the final interview was semi-structured, addressing themes emerging from previous interviews. This generated 50 interviews lasting two hours on average, as well as data from observation, photographs and engagement with social network sites. From a critical thematic analysis, four significant findings emerged. Firstly, in relation to being a woman, participants felt pressure to ‘have it all’ in terms of both traditional (e.g., getting married, raising children, being attractive) and progressive (e.g., achieving career success) ideals. Whilst some disagreed that women continue to be subjugated, most participants experienced a sense of mounting pressure and expectations compared to men and subscribed to neoliberal principles of personal responsibility in combatting gender inequality. Secondly, participants reflexively experienced being a consumer as an unavoidable, often burdensome and anxiety-provoking position that encouraged the making of the self through appearance, as well as adherence to hegemonic feminine ideals. A consumer orientation was further reinforced by increasingly pervasive digital spaces, particularly social media, infused with advertising and consumption. From this, a third finding emerged related to the understanding of self: participants often experienced or expressed a sense of self as a task, an individualistic project for which they felt responsible. Constantly comparing themselves to others to benchmark the project of the self, participants worked to continually craft a story of success and agency despite unpredictability of the life course and contradictory events sometimes conspiring. Moreover, participants who did not feel they had achieved career goals placed greater emphasis on crafting an ideal appearance. The fourth finding addresses the importance of others in understanding the self. Rather than experiencing an ‘identity’ as formed individually, participants looked to others (e.g., family, peers, media, ideologies) to understand the self. Focusing on the opinions of others was associated with anxiety, which varied in degree but was part of all participant accounts. This study suggests that consumer culture is indeed an institution of reference for young women as they experience a sense of self through consumption practices, increasingly digitally mediated. In this sense, the findings align with theorisations in consumer research. However, for the participants of this study, the experience of living the subject position ‘consumer’ is anxiety provoking, particularly in light of postfeminist, neoliberal discourses that encourage experiencing the self as a ‘project’ for which the individual is responsible. As reflected in the data, a self-as-project orientation triggered anxiety given disjointedness between the desire to manage or control the self fostered by dominant discourses, and the impossibility of doing so as reflected by lived experience. This positioning engendered alienation from the self and therefore anxiety that was further sparked by increasing individualism and competition with others; feelings of shame and envy; and a forward-looking temporal positioning. Therefore, findings suggest that consumer research’s conceptualisations of ‘identity’ as a ‘project’ in which individuals can express themselves through marketplace resources is problematic, if not further perpetuating the subjugation of women by rendering them as ‘free’ to consume their way into being. This calls into question individual agency and the role of cultural influences in the making of subjects. Therefore, findings suggest that, from an emancipatory perspective, consumer research examining processes of subject constitution might be more productive to understandings ‘identity’ and the ‘self’ in a particular space and time, with attention to implicit power relations.
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Cary, Adelaide Stull. "The Meaning of Dietary Diversity: Cultural Ideals and Food Insecurity in Nicaragua." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494259342318402.

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Zhou, Yutong. "The Influence of Culture and Body Conceptualization Orientations: A Cross-Cultural Study of Body Ideals in Mass Media Presentation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1882.

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The proposed study aims to investigate the effects of culture and mass media images of female bodies in an active or static pose on mood, body idealization, and body dissatisfaction. Participants included female students with Chinese heritage culture (age M =21.26, SD =2.5) and 130 female students who identified with American heritage culture (age M =20.82, SD =1.2). Participants filled out an online survey distributed through Qualtrics, which includes a pre-and-post negative affect and body satisfaction measure. They were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, viewing posing models, models in active poses, or scenery images. Consistent with previous findings, the current study results showed a main effect of body conceptualization on participants’ body dissatisfaction and choice of ideal body image. Viewing pictures of models either in static or active poses led to significant increase in body dissatisfaction and increased the likelihood of choosing skinnier ideal body image as compared to the control condition. However, there was no main effect of culture and interaction between culture and body conceptualization. Future research is needed to explore other variables that might moderate the association between body conceptualization and participants’ psychological outcomes after exposing to body ideals in mass media presentations.
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Hunter, Teresa Irene 1950. "The concept of center as a cultural manifestation of Islamic ideals as translated into architecture." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277235.

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Architectural historians have always seen the Islamic city and Islamic house as unsystematic in design and layout. In this work I show that there is a basic spatial symbolism predating, and then adopted by, Islam, based on three major concepts. The first is that there is a residual notion of center as something sacred; secondly that instead of dichotomies or binary oppositions space in Islamic architecture is a continuum and lastly that the center of the center, whether or not it has any visible symbolism, (fountain for example) is an axis mundi, or vertical axis to the heavens. These features are seen not just in urban and housing designs, but also in mosques, madrassas, and garden layouts.
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Mosesson, Marcus. "Korean Bodybuilding : Cultural Hybrid or Instance of Cultural Homogenization?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för Asien-, Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157588.

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This study deals with the trend of male bodybuilding in Korea and investigates the motivations and aesthetic ideals of Korean male bodybuilders. The author of the study uses the few hitherto academic research works on the subject and tries to give an overview of the history of Korean bodybuilding. Besides, the author has conducted a digital survey in order to collect answers from Korean male bodybuilders about their motivations, aesthetic ideals, etc. The aesthetic ideals of the bodybuilders are then compared to the male aesthetic ideals of modern Korean society and also discussed in relation to the somatic beliefs of NeoConfucianism. The findings are thereafter analyzed in context of two theses of the cultural consequences of globalization, namely homogenization and hybridization. The study concludes that Korean bodybuilders are more concerned with the arduous process of sculpting their physiques rather than the look of them themselves. Although the research material on Korean bodybuilding is scarce and the responses to the conducted survey are small in terms of both numbers and scale, it may be suggested that Korean bodybuilding appears to be an instance of the hybridization thesis. Lastly, the study emphasizes the need for more extensive research on the subject in question.<br>Denna studie behandlar ämnet koreansk bodybuilding för män och undersöker dels vad som motiverar koreanska kroppsbyggare att utöva sin sport, dels vad deras estetiska ideal är. Studiens författare använder sig av den begränsade befintliga forskningen inom ämnet och försöker även ge en överblick över koreansk bodybuildings historia. Författaren har dessutom utfört en digital undersökning för att samla in svar från koreanska kroppsbyggare om deras drivkrafter, estetiska ideal, etc. Dessa ideal jämförs sedan med det moderna koreanska samhällets motsvarigheter och diskuteras även utifrån de somatiska föreställningarna inom neokonfucianismen. Studiens forskningsresultat analyseras sedan utifrån två teorier om globaliseringens kulturella konsekvenser, närmare bestämt homogenisering respektive hybridisering. Trots det knappa forskningsmaterialet kring koreansk bodybuilding är studiens slutsats att koreanska kroppsbyggare är mer måna om den mödosamma processen i att bygga sina kroppar, snarare än hur dessa ser ut i sig själva. Studien suggererar också att koreansk bodybuilding verkar vara ett exempel på hybridiseringsteorin. Slutligen betonar studien behovet av mer utförlig forskning kring ämnet i fråga.
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Bengtsson, Julia, and Cecilia Menninge. "A qualitative study of self-identity and cultural ideals impact on Swedish females within Gen Z’s purchase behavior." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96039.

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Title: A qualitative study within retail of self-identity and cultural ideals impact on Swedish females within Generation Z’s purchase behaviour Authors: Cecilia Menninge &amp; Julia Bengtsson Institution: Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics. Program: Detaljhandel and Service Management (180hp), Customer Experience Management (180 hp) Course: 2FE67E Supervisor: MaxMikael Wilde Björling  Examiner: Miralem Helmefalk Purpose: The purpose of this study is to, through interpretation and analysis of females within Gen Z, create knowledge and understanding of how self-identity and cultural ideals affect purchase behaviour Method: An interview study that addresses the topic of identity and cultural ideals impact on purchase behaviour. The study was conducted with a deductive approach and a qualitative method Conclusions: There is a versatile relationship between identity and Swedish females purchase behaviour in fashion. Self-image affects their purchase behaviour as Swedish females are highly conscious of their appearance. Swedish females in Generation Z follows the peripheral route in the Elaboration likelihood model.
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Hartley, Stephen. "Craft Education in the United Kingdom and the United States : a cross-cultural examination of ideals, approaches and solutions." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21356/.

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At the conclusion of the Second World War both the United Kingdom and the United States experienced drastic changes in their building industries. As the construction industry progressed, the training systems for construction workers evolved to meet this new demand. This thesis argues that these changes have caused the UK and the US to face a perceived crisis in the training and supply of traditional craft workers. In both societies, different approaches have been taken to address these concerns, based on the evolving ethos of conservation theory in their respective cultures and their educational frameworks. The approaches taken can be seen as reflecting the evolution of conservation theory and practice in each society, which is often expressed through variations in perception of value, age, and methodology, as well as distinct differences in terminology. This thesis studies the progression of heritage craft training through the examination of historical evidence juxtaposed against ethnographic surveys of three generations of craft practitioners along with current educational providers. Using this evidence, this thesis examines the strengths and shortcomings of current heritage craft educational offerings in both networks through the opinions of both practitioners and educational providers using Actor-Network Theory methodology. It is from the triangulation of historical evidence, craft practitioner opinions, and educational provider experiences that this research proposes pathways to improve the educational offerings in both networks. This study argues that contrary to popular belief, the crisis in heritage craft training may be misdiagnosed, but significant improvements need to be made by both countries to enhance the visibility and delivery of the existing training opportunities. This thesis aims to inform our understanding of the progression of this under-studied sphere of the conservation industry in order to enrich future craft training practices.
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Ryan, Mackenzie Anne. "An Analysis of National Football League Fandom and Its Promotion of Conservative Cultural Ideals About Race, Religion, and Gender." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1343359916.

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Books on the topic "Cultural ideals"

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Chambers, Deborah. Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311.

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A, Myers William. Replacing the warrior: Cultural ideals and militarism. Pendle Hill, 1985.

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McManamon, John M. Funeral oratory and the cultural ideals of Italian humanism. University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

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Imaging American women: Idea and ideals in cultural history. Columbia University Press, 1987.

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Women in prison: Ideals and reals. Universitet Stockholms, 1985.

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Reflections of a would-be anarchist: Ideals and institutions of liberalism. University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

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Parenting after the century of the child: Travelling ideals, institutional negotiations and individual responses. Ashgate, 2010.

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Zhivkov, Todor. The People's Republic of Bulgaria - truly committed to the noble objectives and ideals of UNESCO: Speech before the 23rd session of the UNESCO General Conference, Sofia, October 8, 1985. Sofia Press, 1985.

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Ideas and ideals: Essays in Filipino cognitive history. University of Santo Tomas Pub. House, 2001.

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Hacia ideales culturales y universitarios. Editorial Universitaria, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cultural ideals"

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Chambers, Deborah. "Heritage homes." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-1.

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Chambers, Deborah. "Sustainable homes." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-10.

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Chambers, Deborah. "Introduction." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-101.

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Chambers, Deborah. "Idealising homes and homemaking." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-2.

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Chambers, Deborah. "Domestic modernity in suburbia." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-3.

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Chambers, Deborah. "Early media homes." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-4.

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Chambers, Deborah. "Property dramas and home makeovers." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-5.

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Chambers, Deborah. "Home time in multiscreen homes." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-6.

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Chambers, Deborah. "Alternative domesticities." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-7.

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Chambers, Deborah. "Home mobilities and migration." In Cultural Ideals of Home. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205311-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cultural ideals"

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Kulikov, Egor. "Eurasian National-State Ideals In The Works Of N.N. Alekseev." In International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Turkayev Hassan Vakhitovich. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.05.83.

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Penezic, Slobodan. "SPORT IN THE TRAP OF GLOBALIZATION: A MEDIA SPECTACLE, AN IDEOLOGICAL INSTRUMENT AND UNIVERSAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION." In SCIENCE AND TEACHING IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT. FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN UŽICE, UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/stec20.381p.

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This text tends to shed light on the current position and role of sport, as a kind of contemporary phenomenon, which follows the outlines of dominant global trends, but which, therefore, causes various consequences for individuals, groups and entire societies. It is the result of the analysis of this phenomenon done during the preparation of the master thesis “Sport as a Phenomenon of Contemporary Culture” at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, and therefore includes one part of it. In considering the phenomenon itself, it starts from the perspective of contemporary cultural studies and tries to see the place of sport in current social movements. Thus, the accent is on its place and role, and also on the causes and consequences of the process of which it is obviously a part of. Starting from its primary features and functions, the focus is on those elements that are an evident part of every sporting event today; the positive ones, which encourage models of behaviour that bring the modern individual closer to the ancient ideals of the athlete, but also the negative ones, which are the reverse of such aspirations, and which today, due to these global trends, are accompanied by the race for money and popularity. These are negativities that have become a completely acceptable component of sport over time, and the consequences of which, however, are not talked about enough, although they are often in the foreground, pushing to the margin those original motives of chivalry and Olympism. In that way, the very essence of the existence of sport and sports competitions is gradually being suppressed.
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Pérez Martínez, Henar. "El artista radicante como etnógrafo. Sus prácticas y sus recorridos." In III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales :: ANIAV 2017 :: GLOCAL. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2017.4868.

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La globalización estética es un proceso en el que las tendencias culturales y artísticas, sin perder sus características y peculiaridades locales, se ven inmersas en el circuito global compartiendo lenguajes, intenciones y espacios. Este arte de la era global tiene como marca histórica inicial la caída del muro de Berlín y previamente el nacimiento de movimientos sociales que reivindican la igualdad entre los hombres y los derechos humanos, como “Negritud” o el “Movimiento de Países No Alineados”. En el arte occidental del siglo XX hay numerosos movimientos que aluden al primitivismo del “otro”. El arte naif, el primitivismo, el surrealismo, el expresionismo abstracto, el informalismo o el art brut, Sin embargo, en el arte de la era global, el giro etnográfico se distingue de estos movimientos por la autoconciencia de sí mismo y la integración de las especificidades culturales. Se ha producido un desplazamiento de los temas centrales del arte, pasando del giro político-económico (la brecha entre el capitalismo y el comunismo) a la identidad cultural. Más sencillamente, se traslada la problemática de lo social a lo cultural y antropológico. Asistimos pues, en la era del arte globalizado y el mundo hipercomunicado, a una desterritorialización de las identidades culturales que se reproducen gracias al reconocimiento y la asimilación de las raíces del “otro”. Los flujos migratorios y los nomadismos voluntarios perfilan nuevas formas de creación y pensamiento manifestándose en una miscelánea etnográfica que puede ser representada en un único hilo discursivo. La figura encargada de generar este significado y conjugar el mestizaje cultural será el artista radicante. El artista radicante se expresa en nombre del otro cultural o étnico, no desestima sus creencias, ideas o culturas originarias sino que las transcodifica y las pone en escena en contextos y formatos heterogéneos.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.4868
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Peng, Aoran, Jessica Menold, and Scarlett R. Miller. "Does It Translate? A Case Study of Conceptual Design Outcomes With U.S. and Moroccan Students." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22623.

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Abstract High globalization in the world today results in the involvement of multi-discipline, multi-cultural teams, as well as the entrance of more economic powers in the market. Effective innovation strategies are critical if emerging markets plan to become economic players in this increasingly connected global market. The current work compares the design processes of designers from emerging and established markets to understand how design methods are applied across culture. Specifically, the design decisions of designers from Morocco, one of the four leading economic power in Africa, and the U.S. are investigated. Concept generation and selection are the focus of the current study as they are critical steps in the design process that can determine project outcomes. Previous studies have identified three factors, ownership bias, gender, and idea goodness as influential during concept selection. The effect of these three factors on designers in the United States is well established. The current study expands upon previous findings to examine the influence of these factors across two cultures — U.S. and Morocco. The results of this study, although preliminary, found that U.S. students had a higher idea fluency than Morocco students. It also found a significant difference in idea fluency between genders in the U.S. but not in Morocco. In addition, it was found that overall, participants exhibited ownership bias toward ideas with high goodness.
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Asrizal Razali, Mohd, Noranis Ismail, and Nurzihan Hassim. "Immersive intercultural experience for graphic communication studies through virtual reality." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p59.

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At Taylor’s University, Intercultural Design is a project-based module where students are exposed to different cultures of foreign countries and are required to understand the role of design in a wide cultural, political and social context. Through this experience in addition to reflective practice, conceptualizing of ideas and active experimentations, the participating graphic communication students interpret their immersion of culture subjectively and present a piece that communicates the said cultural elements to intended audiences. The present COVID-19 international travel restrictions had disrupted this knowledge acquisition process and posed limits of onsite exploration, engagement with foreign agencies and face-to-face interactions with communities and cultures. However, previous studies had posited the potential of utilizing similar approaches via virtual space, place metaphors and avatar-environment interaction. Henceforth, this paper explored Virtual Reality (VR) technology that replicated environments of foreign destinations and allowed students to map information from this perspective in order to produce a graphic design-based output. This paper intended to further examine the effectiveness of VR by comparing information and feedback of; 1)participating students who had firsthand experience of foreign environment, and 2) students who only have second hand experience via VR. This paper also proposed the suitable selection of VR tools based on cost, accessibility, technological requirements and immersion satisfaction via online learning. The results achieved during the analysis is pertinent to endorse the intention towards the use of VR tools for online collaborative and student-centered learning experience for this module.
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Cheremisova, Irina V. "Gender Specificity Of The Subjective Ideas About Happiness Of Educational Institution Employees." In Dialogue of Cultures - Culture of Dialogue: from Conflicting to Understanding. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.11.03.114.

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Plugina, Maria, and Inga Rodionova. "The Formation of Multi-Culturalness as a Prerequisite for the Efficient Performance of Lecturers in Situations of Inter-Ethnic Communication." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-44.

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A characteristic trait of the global society is the introduction of the idea of multi-culturalness into all areas of human life. Therefore, general cultural competencies shall include such a constituent as multi-cultural competency of personality to enable efficient performance in situations of inter-ethnic communication. The set problem has been tackled by all social institutions, however, the central role in that regard is the teaching community, which has a strong influence on the content of young people’s consciousness and behaviour. In this regard, it is important to update the problem of shaping the multicultural competence of university lecturers, which is the purpose of this study. To achieve the set objective, several intercomplementary research methods and techniques were applied: the theoretical analysis of scientific literature, observations, questionnaires, a content-analysis method, testing. A study of 200 teachers showed that in the minds of teachers, knowledge regarding the specifics of a multicultural environment, the image of a representative of another culture and inter-ethnic interactions are presented at the everyday level, are formed spontaneously based on their own experience, which requires the creation of special conditions for their further development. The content-analysis has yielded that markers used during defining a multi-cultural environment often include such semantic constructions as ‘various cultures’ and ‘several cultures’. A study of the characteristics of communicative tolerance showed that most teachers have a high level of tolerance manifested in various situations of interpersonal relations, whereas a low level was not detected.
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Ke, Wu. "Exploration of Design Ideas of Local Cultural and Creative Products Based on Traditional Culture." In International Conference on Modern Educational Technology and Innovation and Entrepreneurship (ICMETIE 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200306.083.

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McCartney, Patrick. "Sustainably–Speaking Yoga: Comparing Sanskrit in the 2001 and 2011 Indian Censuses." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-5.

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Sanskrit is considered by many devout Hindus and global consumers of yoga alike to be an inspirational, divine, ‘language of the gods’. For 2000 years, at least, this middle Indo-Aryan language has endured in a post-vernacular state, due, principally, to its symbolic capital as a liturgical language. This presentation focuses on my almost decade-long research into the theo-political implications of reviving Sanskrit, and includes an explication of data derived from fieldwork in ‘Sanskrit-speaking’ communities in India, as well as analyses of the language sections of the 2011 census; these were only released in July 2018. While the census data is unreliable, for many reasons, but due mainly to the fact that the results are self reported, the towns, villages, and districts most enamored by Sanskrit will be shown. The hegemony of the Brahminical orthodoxy quite often obfuscates the structural inequalities inherent in the hierarchical varṇa-jātī system of Hinduism. While the Indian constitution provides the opportunity for groups to speak, read/write, and to teach the language of their choice, even though Sanskrit is afforded status as a scheduled (i.e. recognised language that is offered various state-sponsored benefits) language, the imposition of Sanskrit learning on groups historically excluded from access to the Sanskrit episteme urges us to consider how the issue of linguistic human rights and glottophagy impact on less prestigious and unscheduled languages within India’s complex linguistic ecological area where the state imposes Sanskrit learning. The politics of representation are complicated by the intimate relationship between consumers of global yoga and Hindu supremacy. Global yogis become ensconced in a quite often ahistorical, Sanskrit-inspired thought-world. Through appeals to purity, tradition, affect, and authority, the unique way in which the Indian state reconfigures the logic of neoliberalism is to promote cultural ideals, like Sanskrit and yoga, as two pillars that can possibly create a better world via a moral and cultural renaissance. However, at the core of this political theology is the necessity to speak a ‘pure’ form of Sanskrit. Yet, the Sanskrit spoken today, even with its high and low registers, is, ultimately, various forms of hybrids influenced by the substratum first languages of the speakers. This leads us to appreciate that the socio-political components of reviving Sanskrit are certainly much more complicated than simply getting people to speak, for instance, a Sanskritised register of Hindi.
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Zou, Bo, and Jianhua Liu. "On the ideal picture of cultural trade." In Public Administration in The Time of Regional Change. Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpm.2013.43.

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Reports on the topic "Cultural ideals"

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Hellström, Anders. How anti-immigration views were articulated in Sweden during and after 2015. Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771936.

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The development towards the mainstreaming of extremism in European countries in the areas of immigration and integration has taken place both in policy and in discourse. The harsh policy measures that were implemented after the 2015 refugee crisis have led to a discursive shift; what is normal to say and do in the areas of immigration and integration has changed. Anti-immigration claims are today not merely articulated in the fringes of the political spectrum but more widely accepted and also, at least partly, officially sanctioned. This study investigates the anti-immigration claims, seen as (populist) appeals to the people that centre around a particular mythology of the people and that are, as such, deeply ingrained in national identity construction. The two dimensions of the populist divide are of relevance here: The horizontal dimension refers to articulated differences between "the people", who belong here, and the "non-people" (the other), who do not. The vertical dimension refers to articulated differences between the common people and the established elites. Empirically, the analysis shows how anti-immigration views embedded in processes of national myth making during and after 2015 were articulated in the socially conservative online newspaper Samtiden from 2016 to 2019. The results indicate that far-right populist discourse conveys a nostalgia for a golden age and a cohesive and homogenous collective identity, combining ideals of cultural conformism and socioeconomic fairness.
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Manchiraju, Srikant, and Mary Lynn Damhorst. "I Want to Be Beautiful and Rich:" Consumer Culture Ideals Internalization and their Influence on Fashion Consumption. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1425.

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Ivanyshyn, Petro. BASIC CONCEPTS OF YEVHEN MALANIUK’S NATIONAL-PHILOSOPHICAL INTERPRETATION: ESEISTIC DISCOURSE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11070.

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The purpose of the research is to outline the structure of the main methodological ideas within the frames of interpretive thinking in the essay of the famous Vistnyk’s writer, critic and essayist Yevhen Malaniuk. Considering the purpose and tasks of the studio, an interdisciplinary methodological base, related to the author’s “national approach”, has been worked out. The epistemological potential of national philosophy as a philosophy of national existence, national science as a theory of nation, hermeneutics as a theory and practice of interpretation and post-colonialism as interpretation of cultural phenomena from the standpoint of anti- and post-imperial consciousness are used in the work. The scientific novelty is that on the basis of the previous hermeneutic generalization and definition of national-existential methodology, a propaedeutic outlining of the structure of national-philosophical concepts within the frames of the essayistic interpretation of reality in Ye. Malaniuk is proposed. In the methodological sense, the writer’s essayism is structured by such concepts as nation-centrism, idealism, voluntarism, heroism, and can be considered as one of the variants (close by the experiences of D. Dontsov, Yu. Lypa, M. Mukhyn, etc.) of the Vistnyk’s national-philosophical (national-existential, nationalistic or nation-centric) hermeneutics, that is, the way of understanding, which the author by himself outlined as a “national approach”. The support of Ye. Malaniuk as a culture-philosopher and exegete on the eternal nation-centric values and criteria in his essayistic studies makes his reflections not only historically interesting, but also theoretically productive, classically important for the development of modern Ukrainian hermeneutics and humanities in general.
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Ahmed AlGarf, Yasmine. AUC Venture Lab: Encouraging an entrepreneurial culture to increase youth employment. Oxfam IBIS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7888.

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The American University in Cairo Venture Lab (V-Lab) is the first university-based startup accelerator in Egypt. Oxfam’s Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) programme in Egypt partnered with V-Lab to support youth in entrepreneurship and business startups. V-Lab provides dynamic business support to entrepreneurs with innovative and scalable ideas. Its work has brought about change in Egypt’s culture and business environment. In this case study, YPE and V-Lab make useful recommendations on how to strengthen the sustainability and growth of entrepreneurship in Egypt. V-Lab’s other initiatives include connecting graduates with potential investors. The accelerator’s startups have played an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic by helping to create employment opportunities, both directly and indirectly.
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Halych, Valentyna. SERHII YEFREMOV’S COOPERATION WITH THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN PRESS: MEMORIAL RECEPTION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11055.

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The subject of the study is the cooperation of S. Efremov with Western Ukrainian periodicals as a page in the history of Ukrainian journalism which covers the relationship of journalists and scientists of Eastern and Western Ukraine at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Research methods (biographical, historical, comparative, axiological, statistical, discursive) develop the comprehensive disclosure of the article. As a result of scientific research, the origins of Ukrainocentrism in the personality of S. Efremov were clarified; his person as a public figure, journalist, publisher, literary critic is multifaceted; taking into account the specifics of the memoir genre and with the involvement of the historical context, the turning points in the destiny of the author of memoirs are interpreted, revealing cooperation with Western Ukrainian magazines and newspapers. The publications ‘Zoria’, ‘Narod’, ‘Pravda’, ‘Bukovyna’, ‘Dzvinok’, are secretly got into sub-Russian Ukraine, became for S. Efremov a spiritual basis in understanding the specifics of the national (Ukrainian) mass media, ideas of education in culture of Ukraine at the end of XIX century, its territorial integrity, and state independence. Memoirs of S. Efremov on cooperation with the iconic Galician journals ‘Notes of the Scientific Society after the name Shevchenko’ and ‘Literary-Scientific Bulletin’, testify to an important stage in the formation of the author’s worldview, the expansion of the genre boundaries of his journalism, active development as a literary critic. S. Yefremov collaborated most fruitfully and for a long time with the Literary-Scientific Bulletin, and he was impressed by the democratic position of this publication. The author’s comments reveal a long-running controversy over the publication of a review of the new edition of Kobzar and thematically related discussions around his other literary criticism, in which the talent of the demanding critic was forged. S. Efremov steadfastly defended the main principles of literary criticism: objectivity and freedom of author’s thought. The names of the allies of the Ukrainian idea L. Skochkovskyi, O. Lototskyi, O. Konyskyi, P. Zhytskyi, M. Hrushevskyi in S. Efremov’s memoirs unfold in multifaceted portrait descriptions and function as historical and cultural facts that document the pages of the author’s biography, record his activities in space and time. The results of the study give grounds to characterize S. Efremov as the first professional Ukrainian-speaking journalist.
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Fullan, Michael, and Joanne Quinn. How Do Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Deep Learning: Transforming Systems to Prepare Tomorrow’s Citizens. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002959.

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Disruptive innovators take advantage of unique opportunities. Prior to COVID-19 progress in Latin America and the Caribbean for integrating technology, learning, and system change has been exceedingly slow. In this paper we first offer a general framework for transforming education. The framework focuses on the provision of technology, innovative ideas in learning and well-being, and what we call systemness which are favorable change factors at the local, middle/regional, and policy levels. We then take up the matter of system reform in Latin America and the Caribbean noting problems and potential. Then, we turn to a specific model in system change that we have developed called New Pedagogies for Deep Learning, a model developed in partnerships with groups of schools in ten countries since 2014. The model consists of three main components: 6 Global Competences (character, citizenship, collaboration, communication, creativity, and critical thinking), 4 learning elements (pedagogy, learning partnerships, learning environments, leveraging digital), and three system conditions (school culture, district/regional culture, and system policy). We offer a case study of relative success based on Uruguay with whom we have been working since 2014. Finally, we identify steps and recommendations for next steps in Latin America for taking action on system reform in the next perioda time that we consider critical for taking advantage of the current pandemic disruption. The next few years will be crucial for either attaining positive breakthroughs or slipping backwards into a reinforced status quo.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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London, Jonathan. Outlier Vietnam and the Problem of Embeddedness: Contributions to the Political Economy of Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/062.

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Recent literature on the political economy of education highlights the role of political settlements, political commitments, and features of public governance in shaping education systems’ development and performance around learning. Vietnam’s experiences provide fertile ground for the critique and further development of this literature including, especially, its efforts to understand how features of accountability relations shape education systems’ performance across time and place. Globally, Vietnam is a contemporary outlier in education, having achieved rapid gains in enrolment and strong learning outcomes at relatively low levels of income. This paper proposes that beyond such felicitous conditions as economic growth and social historical and cultural elements that valorize education, Vietnam’s distinctive combination of Leninist political commitments to education and high levels of societal engagement in the education system often works to enhance accountability within the system in ways that contribute to the system’s coherence around learning; reflecting the sense and reality that Vietnam is a country in which education is a first national priority. Importantly, these alleged elements exist alongside other features that significantly undermine the system’s coherence and performance around learning. These include, among others, the system’s incoherent patterns of decentralization, the commercialization and commodification of schooling and learning, and corresponding patterns of systemic inequality. Taken together, these features of education in Vietnam underscore how the coherence of accountability relations that shape learning outcomes are contingent on the manner in which national and local systems are embedded within their broader social environments while also raising intriguing ideas for efforts to understand the conditions under which education systems’ performance with respect to learning can be promoted, supported, and sustained.
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Hotsur, Oksana. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND BLOGS AS TOOLS PR-CAMPAIGN IMPLEMENTATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11110.

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The article deals with the ways in which social networks and the blogosphere influence the formation and implementation of a PR campaign. Examples from the political sphere (election campaigns, initiatives), business (TV brands, traditional and online media) have revealed the opportunities that Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, YouTube and blogs promote in promoting advertising, ideas, campaigns, thoughts, or products. Author blogs created on special websites or online media may not be as much of a tool in PR as an additional tool on social media. It is noted that choosing a blog as the main tool of PR campaign has both positive and negative points. Social networks intervene in the sphere of human life, become a means of communication, promotion, branding. The effectiveness of social networks has been evidenced by such historically significant events as Brexit, the Arab Spring, and the Revolution of Dignity. Special attention was paid to the 2019 presidential election. Based on the analysis of individual PR campaigns, the reasons for successful and unsuccessful campaigns from the point of view of network communication, which provide unlimited multimedia and interactive tools for PR, are highlighted. In fact, these concepts significantly affect the effectiveness of the implementation of PR-campaign, its final effectiveness, which is determined by the achievement of goals. Attention is drawn to the culture of communication during the PR campaign, as well as the concepts of “trolls”, “trolling”, “bots”, “botoin industry”. The social communication component of these concepts is unconditional. Choosing a blog as the main tool of a marketing campaign has both positive and negative aspects. Only a person with great creative potential can run and create a blog. In addition, it takes a long time. In fact, these two points are losing compared to other internet marketing tools. Further research is interesting in two respects. First, a comparison of the dynamics of the effectiveness of PR-campaign tools in Ukraine in 2020 and in the past, in particular, at the dawn of state independence. Secondly, to investigate how/or the concept of PR-campaigns in social networks and blogs is constantly changing.
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Gender mainstreaming in local potato seed system in Georgia. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/9789290605645.

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This report presents the study findings associated with the project “Enhancing Rural Livelihoods in Georgia: Introducing Integrated Seed Health Approaches to Local Potato Seed Systems” in Georgia. It also incorporates information from the results of gender training conducted within the framework of the USAID Potato Program in Georgia. The study had three major aims: 1) to understand the gender-related opportunities and constraints impacting the participation of men and women in potato seed systems in Georgia; 2) to test the multistakeholder framework for intervening in root, tuber, and banana (RTB) seed systems as a means to understand the systems themselves and the possibilities of improving gender-related interventions in the potato seed system; and 3) to develop farmers’ leadership skills to facilitate women’s active involvement in project activities. Results of the project assessment identified certain constraints on gender mainstreaming in the potato seed system: a low level of female participation in decision-making processes, women’s limited access to finances that would enable their greater involvement in larger scale potato farming, and a low awareness of potato seed systems and of possible female involvement in associated activities. Significantly, the perception of gender roles and stereotypes differs from region to region in Georgia; this difference is quite pronounced in the target municipalities of Kazbegi, Marneuli, and Akhalkalaki, with the last two having populations of ethnic minorities (Azeri and Armenian, respectively). For example, in Marneuli, although women are actively involved in potato production, they are not considered farmers but mainly as assistants to farmers, who are men. This type of diversity (or lack thereof) results in a different understanding of gender mainstreaming in the potato seed system as well. Based on the training results obtained in three target regions—Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, and Marneuli—it is evident that women are keen on learning new technologies and on acquiring updated agricultural information, including on potato production. It is also clear that women spend as much time as men do on farming activities such as potato production, particularly in weeding and harvesting. However, women are heavily burdened with domestic work, and they are not major decision-makers with regard to potato variety selection, agricultural investments, and product sales, nor with the inclusion of participants in any training provided. Involving women in project activities will lead to greater efficiency in the potato production environment, as women’s increased knowledge will certainly contribute to an improved production process, and their new ideas will help to improve existing production systems, through which women could also gain confidence and power. As a general recommendation, it is extremely important to develop equitable seed systems that take into consideration, among other factors, social context and the cultural aspects of local communities. Thus, understanding male and female farmers’ knowledge may promote the development of seed systems that are sustainable and responsive to farmers’ needs and capacities.
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