To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cultural Modesty.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cultural Modesty'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cultural Modesty.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gigstad, Margaret Ann 1955. "Modesty in Mexican-American women." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291789.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to discover what modesty means to healthy, middle-aged Mexican-American women living in Tucson, Arizona. Accepted ethnographic methodology was used in this exploratory descriptive study. Three audio-taped interviews of one to two hours in length and field notes were used in data collection. A purposive, convenience sample of three Mexican-American women was used. Modesty emerged as a concept inextricably linked to culture. Women's roles were the domains of meaning through which the themes of protection, respect, servility and conflict were described. Modesty in Mexican-American women and the impact it has on health care situations was discussed. Implications for nursing practice were explored.
2
Torgersrud, Cody. "Light and Privacy, A proposal towards a testing and education standard." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280040.
Full textAbstract:
The transformation of the architects’ vision to architectural form is a lengthy process. From initial sketch to day-to-day life, a design is transformed through the reality of occupation. No matter how much effort is put into a design its final effectiveness is determined by the end user. The access to ample daylight balanced with an adequate sense of visual privacy within ones one home is not often accounted for within the planning process. With current legislation making access to daylight a right within many developed countries, guaranteeing that access within the dense urban environment can mean putting resident’s privacy into question when planning to meet these daylight requirements. Failing to consider the privacy needs of all residents, especially immigrant groups, can lead to privacy driven modifications counterproductive to the overall goal of increasing access to daylight. Resident modifications can, in turn, lead to reductions of daylight levels within the home. There is a need for a system of analysis when it comes to the balance of access to daylight and adequate visual privacy, connecting the critical impacts of these factors on the human physiology and psychology. This proposal puts forward a system to analyze the relationship between the effective light transmission and the perceived visual privacy provided by a given visual privacy solution. The study is based off the analysis of current research regarding the effect of daylight on the human body, the importance of privacy within the home, the impact of cultural background on perception of privacy, and the impact of changing urban density on how people live. The research proposes a system of measurement taking into consideration both the quantitative effective daylight transmittance and a systematic qualitative analysis of perceived visual privacy through participant survey. The data collected would eventually be combined in a way that could be easily communicated to architects, designers, manufacturers and most importantly the end user. This system would be used to ensure that residents are able to effectively balance the level of privacy they require while mitigating the loss of daylight within their homes helping to insure the most benefits for the resident regardless of what home they find themselves in.
3
Mohamad, Emma. "Breastfeeding, media and culture : negotiating space, modesty, motherhood and risk in Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54458/.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores how Malay women negotiate religion (Islam) and culture in their understanding of breastfeeding and their responses to media representations. The study adopts a cultural anthropological approach, exploring women's relationship with breastfeeding in specific cultural context, but also linking with debates about media influence. The thesis unpacks the complex relationship between media and audience by examining breast and formula feeding in both general and specialist media, as well as exploring mothers' discussions about infant feeding (which include their responses to media prompts and them making collages) in focus groups. The study suggests that culture and religion play an important role in women's understanding of breastfeeding and the media. In particular, this thesis identifies how women negotiate Islamic rule about milk kinship and the notion of bonding, which affect how they feel about wet nursing practice. In addition, mothers recognise their responsibilities as Muslim women (through the rules of aurat) which shape feelings of modesty and the way they look at space (both media and real space). Women also discuss ideologies of motherhood through the 'types' of women who would breast or formula feed, and identify with their role as mothers in their responses to media stories about infant feeding risk. The study therefore locates Malay mothers as audiences whose readings link to everyday lives, embodied experiences, and identities.
4
Irisarri, Victoria. "Fora do Eixo, dentro do mundo : política, mercado e vida cotidiana em um movimento brasileiro de produção cultural." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156969.
Full textAbstract:
As formas de produção cultural contemporâneas no Brasil – como em outras partes do mundo –, junto com a consolidação das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação, articularam formas sociais emergentes que colocam em tensão as divisões e abrem novas interrogações sobre as fronteiras entre produção cultural, política e mercado. Esta tese é uma etnografia sobre novas formas de produção cultural. Explora algumas das práticas do movimento artístico-cultural Fora do Eixo, movimento surgido na última década que se caracteriza por sua organização através de coletivos articulados em rede e pelo uso de tecnologias digitais para o trabalho. Por meio de uma análise dos sentidos que o Fora do Eixo associa às práticas de circular e contar, bem como de suas estratégias de hackeamento e das formas de ressignificar a vida íntima, esta tese procura dar conta da importância de redefinir as abordagens analíticas para este tipo de movimento. Em última instância, este estudo tem como objetivo re-enquadrar a análise institucional da produção cultural, e os movimentos sociais e culturais, transcendendo as simplificações analíticas para entender os modos de mediação entre cultura, política e mercado que esses movimentos produzem em seus próprios termos.Forms of contemporary cultural production in Brazil – as elsewhere in the world –, along with the consolidation of digital technologies of information and communication, have articulated emerging social forms that put strain and open new questions on the boundaries between cultural production, the political and the market. This thesis is an ethnography of novel forms of cultural production. In particular, it explores some of the practices of the artistic and cultural movement Fora do Eixo, that emerged in the last decade, which is characterized by its organization in an articulated collective network and the use of digital technologies for work. Through the analysis of some of the meanings that Fora do Eixo gives to certain actions such as circulating and counting, as well as their hacking strategies and their ways to redefine intimate life, this thesis seeks to give account of the importance of redefining the analytical approaches for this type of movements. Ultimately, this study aims at re-framing the institutional analysis of cultural production, and social and cultural movements, by transcending the analytical simplifications to understand the modes of mediation among culture, politics and the market that these movements produce in their own terms.
5
Clark, Lauren. "Modest proposals: Irish children, consumer culture, advertising and literature, 1860-1921." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592883.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the role that Irish children fulfilled in an emergent Irish advertising and consumer culture which sought to inculcate them as consumers from 1860 to 1921 . Currently, little research exists in the field of Irish advertising and no scholarly material exists to account for its links to consumer culture and literature in the period following the Famine towards the declaration of Irish independence. A number of approaches have been adopted in this research including research from the area of social history. textual analysis of critically neglected Victorian Irish literature involving children and reading advertisements, archival material and other ephemera in terms of the discourses that they purport to offer. The relation that children had to the consumer culture of Victorian Ire land will be discussed by an examination of mid- to late nineteenth-century Irish fiction, French fiction , anthropological writings, children's school books, magazines and periodicals which featured advertisements. A variety of literature will be scrutinised from the 1860 to 1890 period in particular to provide contesting representations of the child amidst theoretical repositioning and social movements towards child welfare in Ireland. Ultimately my research will demonstrate three factors. Firstly, that Ire land's advertising and consumer culture developed autonomously, in tune with nationalism and Irish national economic development during this period. This constitutes a form of "Celtic Consumerism" also evident in Scotland following the ,-Gaelic Revival and thus, enabled the child to be positioned as the newest participant in a national consumer process. Secondly, thanks to high child literacy rates which outstripped those of mainland Britain, Ireland's children were appealed to as literate consumers in advertising copy and were informed of the perils or benefits of consumer culture in late Victorian Irish literature. Thirdly, I will contend that the role of the child in the marketplace was also a conceit of French fin de siecle fiction and advertising copy that had a considerable impact on childhood in Ireland during this period.
6
Charrieras, Damien. "Trajectoires, circulation, assemblages : des modes hétérogènes de la constitution de la pratique en arts numériques à Montréal." Thèse, Paris 3, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4293.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse se penche sur les parcours et les pratiques d'artistes numériques naviguant au sein des secteurs multimédias de Montréal. L'étude des parcours de onze artistes numériques montréalais nous a permis de constater que leurs pratiques de production en arts numériques ne sont pas réductibles aux logiques de production propres à un seul lieu, que ce soit une entreprise privée, un centre d'art numérique ou encore l'université.
La question du maintien de ces pratiques amène à prêter attention aux pluralités des éléments qui informent leurs (re)constitutions perpétuelles, ce qui appelle de nouveaux modes de théorisation des parcours d'artistes numériques et de leurs pratiques. Nous proposons une nouvelle manière de penser ces parcours - en tant que trajectoires - pour mettre en valeur la pluralité des modes d'articulation de ces pratiques. Elles sont ainsi considérées du point de vue de leurs médiations coconstitutives avec différents éléments. Nous avons isolé trois ensembles d'éléments pour rendre compte du maintien des pratiques en arts numériques et au travers desquels ces dernières déploient leurs multiples effectivités. Le premier ensemble recouvre les technologies intervenant dans la pratique en arts numériques. Le deuxième ensemble a trait au milieu des arts numériques et aux modes de l'organisé afférents. Enfin, le troisième ensemble traite du rapport entre les mondes de l'entreprise et la pratique en arts numériques. Ces trois ensembles d'éléments participent de diverses manières à la constitution, au maintien et à la singularisation de pratiques en arts numériques qui déploient leurs effectivités largement au-delà d'un espace social circonscrit ou spécialisé.This thesis examines the paths and practices of digital artists navigating within the multimedia sectors of Montreal. Through the study of the paths of eleven digital artists based in Montreal we found that production practices in digital arts cannot be reduced to the logic of production specific to a single place, whether a private company, a digital arts center or a university. The issue of maintaining these practices leads one to pay attention to the plurality of elements that inform their perpetual (re)constitutions. This requires new ways of theorizing digital artists' paths and practices. We propose a new way of conceptualizing these paths - as trajectories - to highlight the plurality of ways the digital art practices are articulated. They are thus considered in terms of their co-constitutive mediations with different elements. We have identified three sets of elements to account for the maintenance of the practices in digital arts and through which these unfold their multiple effectivities. The first set covers the technologies involved in digital art practices. The second set relates to the digital arts community and the organizational modes characteristic of those locales. Finally, the third set deals with the relationship between the worlds of business and practices in digital arts. These three sets of elements contribute in various ways to the establishment, maintenance and singularity of digital arts practices that deploy their effectivities far beyond a circumscribed or specialized social space.
Réalisée en cotutelle avec l'université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3
7
Pini, Maria. "Other traces : a cultural study of clubbing and new modes of femininity." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246942.
Full text
8
Anthoons, Greta. "Migration and elite networks as modes of cultural exchange in Iron Age Europe : a case study of contacts between the continent and the Arras culture." Thesis, Bangor University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551199.
Full textAbstract:
The chariot burials of the Arras Culture reveal a strong link with the Continent, but what precisely is the nature of this connection? Were the chariot burials and other continental features introduced by immigrants from northern Gaul? If so, then why is the local British component so strong and why have features been adopted from different regions in northern Gaul, so that it is impossible to identify the immigrants' homeland? Migration was not the only type of mobility in Iron Age Europe; certain individuals travelled long distances and not necessarily for economic reasons. Social networks, and more specifically elite networks, were created through mechanisms like strategic marriages, clientship, hostageship and perhaps fosterage. When comparing the archaeological data from East Yorkshire with the evidence from various regions in northern Gaul, it becomes clear that these networks offer a more satisfactory explanation. Moreover, the introduction of chariot burials in East Yorkshire, in the early third century BC, coincides with the appearance of the same phenomenon in several regions in northern Gaul (for example in the Paris area). In the Aisne-Marne region, renowned for its rich chariot burials of the fifth and early fourth century BC, the tradition was long waning by this time. In the early third century BC, internationalisation is the keyword: ideas and technologies disseminate rapidly over very long distances; social networks become more complex and the world has become a smaller place. However, the exchanges between East Yorkshire and the Continent primarily took place in the field of ritual, and much less in other aspects of life, like weaponry or art styles. This raises the question to what extent druids and other learned men, and their networks, had a part in the introduction of new funerary practices in East Yorkshire.
9
Wilkinson, Timothy John. "Modes of engagement with a national landscape : cultural production of Exmoor National Park." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18817.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a study of the cultural production of Exmoor National Park. It proceeds through analysis of both historical representations of the space called ‘National Park’ and contemporary social processes in which National Park users engage with the landscape. This project draws on a cross-disciplinary range of literature, from local histories of Exmoor, to tourism studies, critical human geography and cultural theory. Empirical material includes primary texts, transcripts from discussion groups and ethnographic experiences. The research unpacks the reproduction of the space called ‘Exmoor National Park’. It traces the composition of this space in historical and contemporary texts, charting the authorised visions of National Parks in metanarratives and official discourses. Through close reading and textual analysis, assumptions and prevailing wisdoms about the territory ‘Exmoor National Park’ are unsettled. The way that National Parks were represented as a space, or territory, is explored in three ways. First, by considering the boundary which defined the space ‘National Park’, second, by exploring the conceptualisation of National Park land and landscape, and third, by examining governance of engagements between National Park users and the terrain. Analysis highlights multiplicity and political striation in the idea of a territory called ‘National Park’. The thesis develops by exploring contemporary National Park users’ narratives of their engagement with Exmoor. . Findings from discussion groups and ethnographic experiences are used to advance an understanding of the ways users organise their enjoyment of Exmoor. These comprise three modes of engagement with the national landscape: processes of connecting, encountering conflict and working. As an ESRC CASE commissioned project, the findings of this research have been applied through the production of a toolkit called From Special Qualities to Special Experiences (ENPA, 2015), in collaboration with Exmoor National Park Authority. This title articulates the shift from a concern with features of the National Park as a territory, towards the social processes in which Exmoor is experienced.
10
Dalgar, Ilker. "Relational Models Theory And Their Associations With Cultural Orientations And Personal Value Priorities In The Turkish Cultural Context." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614770/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to investigate elementary models of social relations in Turkish cultural context and to link these models with horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism and personal value priorities. Fiske (1992) suggested that four elementary relationship models: communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, and market pricing motivate, organize, generate, coordinate, and evaluate almost all social relations. First, the Modes of Relationship Questionnaire (MORQ) asessing the four relational models was adopted to Turkish. Second, systematical associations of relational models with horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism and personal value priorities were examined. It was expected that horizontal cultural dimensions would predict equality matching and vertical dimensions would predict authority ranking, individualism would be linked to market pricing and collectivism would be linked to communal sharing. For personal value priorities, self-trancendence values would be associatedwith communal sharing, self-enhancement with authority ranking and market pricing, and conservation with authority ranking. Participants (N = 214) completed the MORQ, the Individualism and Collectivism Scale (INDCOL), and the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). The four factor-structure of the relational models was supported in comfirmatory factor analyses. The hypothesized associations between relaitonal models, cultural orientations, and personal priorities were mostly supported. The results indicated that collectivism predicted communal sharing, vertical dimensions predicted authority ranking, horizontal collectivism predicted equality matching, and vertical individualism predicted market pricing. It was also found that self-trancendence predicted communal sharing and equality matching, self-enhancement predicted authority ranking and market pricing, and conservation predicted authority ranking.Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the findings were discussed considering previous work and cultural context.
11
Tungli, Zsuzsanna. "Understanding expatriation : cultures' effects, company practices and acculturation modes." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246926.
Full text
12
Trizzulla, Caterina. "Appréhender la variété des modes de consommation culturelle en contextes présents et passés : le cas de la bande dessinée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0156/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche doctorale se propose de discuter des modalités de construction et d’observation des modes de consommation culturelle pluriels à partir du cas de la bande dessinée. La revue de littérature de cette thèse met en évidence l’importance de rendre compte à la fois de la dimension multi-située(synchronique) et temporelle (diachronique) des pratiques culturelles observées. La perspective dispositionnaliste et contextualiste développée par Bernard Lahire (2005, 2013) semble répondre à cette exigence. En effet, les pratiques culturelles observées n’y sont jamais déconnectées des cadres qui participent à leur construction ni de ceux qui permettent leur observation en contextes. Pour rendre compte de cette double dimension des pratiques culturelles, ce travail s’appuie sur la réalisation de six portraits sociologiques (Lahire, 2005). Ces derniers permettent non seulement d’identifier la variété des cadres à l’origine de la construction des modes de consommation observés, mais également de rendre compte de la variété de leurs effets à l’échelle individuelle : les dispositionsThis doctoral research aims to discuss the construction and observation of plural cultural consumption patterns based on the case of comics. The literature review seems to highlight the importance of reporting both the present (synchronic) and temporal (diachronic) dimensions of the cultural practices observed. Lahire's (2005, 2013) dispositionalist and contextualist perspective seems to be a response to this requirement. Indeed, the cultural practices observed are never disconnected from the frameworks that participate in their construction or from those that allow them to be observed in contexts. To reflect this dual dimension of cultural practices, this work is based on the production of six sociological portraits (Lahire, 2005). They allow not only to identify the variety of frameworks behind the construction of observed consumption patterns, but also to describe the variety of their effects at the individual level: the dispositions
13
Ouadi, Loris. "Impacts écophysiologiques de l’Esca : résilience des ceps et effet des modes de taille." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0434.
Full textAbstract:
L’Esca est une maladie du bois de la vigne caractérisée par la formation initiale de nécroses dans le bois puis par l’apparition, parfois irrégulière, de symptômes foliaires d’une année à l’autre. Le point clé pour comprendre pourquoi un tissu de bois sain de ceps matures se nécrose consiste à déterminer les facteurs favorisant l’activité pathogène des champignons, voire d’autres microorganismes tels les bactéries, et leur aptitude à dégrader les tissus du bois. Les pratiques culturales à l’origine de blessures comme la taille, augmenteraient la sensibilité des vignes aux infections par les principaux agents pathogènes associés à ce dépérissement. Dans ce contexte, une première approche a consisté à étudier l’expression de l’Esca au cours du temps (3 années) en mesurant son impact sur la physiologie des ceps. La discrimination entre ceps sains et symptomatiques, basée sur le suivi d’indicateurs foliaires (e.g. activité photosynthétique, conductance stomatique ou de composés phénoliques), n’est pas pertinente pour une détection précoce. Des différences significatives ne sont observées qu’au moment, ou à la suite, de l’expression des premiers symptômes. Par contre, la mesure des flux de sève s’est avérée efficace dans la détection des ceps symptomatiques, plusieurs semaines avant l’apparition des symptômes foliaires. Son suivi pourrait donc devenir un outil intéressant dans le cadre d’une détection précoce de l’Esca. Une seconde approche consistait à comparer deux modes de taille des ceps. Après 3 ans de suivis, les paramètres physiologiques étudiés sont homogènes pour tous les ceps. Par contre, une différenciation semble s’établir au niveau des cônes de dessiccation, ce qui induirait une dangerosité pour les flux de sève plus conséquente pour la modalité taille dite « conventionnelle » par rapport à celle censée respecter les vaisseaux in planta. Au final, on peut émettre l’hypothèse que l’interaction, ainsi que le lien, entre les symptômes internes (i.e. nécroses dans le bois) et externes (i.e. au niveau des feuilles) se ferait au niveau des flux de sève qui constitueraient donc un site d’étude privilégié pour cette maladieEsca is a grapevine trunk disease that is characterized by the formation of necrosis in the inner wood and the erratic expression of foliar symptoms from one year to another. The key to understand why healthy wood tissues become necrotic in mature grapevines lies in the identification of the factors that influence the pathogenic behaviour of Esca-related fungi, or other microorganisms such as bacteria, and their ability to degrade woody tissue. Current viticultural management practices, such as vine pruning, generate open wounds, which increase the risk for grapevines to get infected with Esca-related pathogens. In this context, a first approach consisted in monitoring the expression of Esca over several growing seasons (3 years) by measuring its impact on grapevine physiology. Discrimination between healthy and symptomatic plants based on the surveillance of foliar indicators (e.g., photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, phenolic composition) was not efficient for early detection of the disease. Significant differences were observed only at the same time, or just following the expression of the first foliar Esca symptoms. On the contrary, sap flow measurements were effective in the detection of symptomatic vines several weeks before the appearance of any foliar symptoms. This monitoring method could therefore become an interesting tool for the early detection of Esca. A second approach consisted in comparing two types of pruning practices. After 3 years of monitoring, all studied physiological parameters appeared to be homogeneous for all grapevines. Nonetheless, early differences were recorded in the desiccation cones, which would suggest that the "conventional" pruning method probably limited sap flow movement, unlike a pruning system that takes into account the natural stem vessel connectivities. Finally, we can hypothesize that the interactions linking internal symptoms (i.e. necrosis in the wood) and external ones (i.e. foliar symptoms) would be located within sap conducting system, suggesting that xylem vessels are a privileged site to study Esca disease
14
McGovern, Sean William. "Semiosis in Japanese culture : sign-making practices across modes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006508/.
Full text
15
Potamitis, Ann. "Verbal modes of popular culture in ancient Greek literature." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633114.
Full text
16
Gabrysiak, Louis. "Des styles de vie des universitaires et de la légitimation culturelle à l'Université." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0139.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’intéresse, à partir d’une double enquête quantitative (questionnaire) et qualitative (entretiens et observations), aux styles de vie et aux rapports à la culture des universitaires, ainsi qu’à leur métier, leurs vocations à devenir universitaires et leur choix d’objets de recherche. L’Université est une instance légitime de légitimation culturelle, dotée d’une double mission contradictoire de préservation et d’actualisation des savoirs et des normes culturelles. Étudier le style de vie et le métier des universitaires, c’est alors étudier la fabrication et l’éventuelle transformation de ces normes de légitimité culturelle. La première partie porte donc sur l’étude des styles de vie et des rapports à la culture des enseignants-chercheurs et enseignantes-chercheuses, sous l’angle des différences internes au groupe, à partir notamment de la réalisation d’une analyse des correspondances multiples. Ces styles de vie sont ensuite mis en rapport avec des variables académiques (comme la discipline), pour rendre compte des luttes autour du type de culture que l’Université doit transmettre. La seconde s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux vocations universitaires, au choix de l’engagement dans une carrière universitaire et des objets de recherche, ainsi que le rapport à l’enseignement et à la transmission des universitaires. Cette seconde partie permet de faire le lien entre les pratiques hors université et le travail universitaire, de saisir des éléments de la dynamique du champ universitaire et du renouvellement constant de la culture savante. L’aristocratisme ascétique et la consommation d’œuvres culturelles classiques et patrimoniales continuent d’apparaître dominant dans l’espace universitaire. Mais de nouveaux styles de vie, davantage proches d’une forme d’hédonisme, faits d’un rapport plus distant aux humanités classiques et portés par des disciplines nouvelles viennent concurrencer les disciplines classiques et leur culture, œuvrant alors à la redéfinition du périmètre de la culture légitimeBased on a double survey, both quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (interviews, observations), this thesis focuses on life-styles and connection to the culture of academics, as well as on their profession, their vocation to become academics and their choice of research topics. University is a legitimate instance of cultural legitimization, endowed with a dual and contradictory mission of preserving and updating knowledge and cultural norms. Studying life-styles and profession of academics is then to study the fabrication and possible transformation of these cultural legitimacy norms. The first part of the project therefore focuses on the study of the lifestyles and cultural relationships of academics, from the perspective of differences within the group. This first part relies in particular on the performance of a multiple correspondence analysis, which permit to identify three major lifestyles. These life-styles are then related to academic variables (such as discipline), to account for the struggles about the type of culture that University must transmit. The second part focuses more particularly on academic vocations, the choice of engagement in an academic career and research objects, as well as the relationship to teaching and the transmission of academics. This second part provides a link between non-university practices and academic work, capturing elements of the dynamics of the academic field and the constant renewal of scholarly culture. Ascetic aristocratism and the consumption of classical and heritage cultural works continue to appear dominant in the university field. But new life-styles, closer to a form of hedonism, made of a more distant relationship to the classical humanities and carried by new disciplines, compete with the classical disciplines and their culture, thus working to redefine the bounds of legitimate culture
17
Thierry, Clémence. "Modes de consommation et modes d'accès des biens culturels à l'ère numérique : le cas du livre." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD100/document.
Full textAbstract:
Structurée autour de trois chapitres, cette thèse contribue à enrichir la perception et la compréhension des modes de consommation et des modes d'accès au livre a l'ère numérique. Nous abordons trois principales questions que sont les effets de longue traîne dans la demande de livres, la substituabilité e entre les modes d'accès au livre et l'articulation des prix des livres papier et numériques. Notre démarche est de considérer la multiplicité du marché e du livre, en tenant compte de sa sphère marchande et non marchande, et de la dualité de format du livre, papier et numérique. Nous avons dans un premier chapitre analysé la distribution des emprunts en bibliothèques publiques et étudié de la sorte des modes de consommation différents du star système. Pour expliquer cette diversité consommée en bibliothèques, le deuxième chapitre questionne l'articulation des modes d'accès au livre. Nos résultats montrent une complémentarité des pratiques d'emprunt et d'achat de livres et une indépendance des pratiques de téléchargement de livres numériques. La question du prix des livres numériques pouvant en partie expliquer cette indépendance, le troisième chapitre analyse la tarification des livres numériques. Nous avons montré qu'elle se structure principalement en miroir des prix des livres papier. Notre analyse se fonde sur trois bases de données originales, a savoir : les emprunts de fiction en bibliothèques parisiennes réalisés entre janvier et avril 2012 ; une large enquête réalisée auprès des usagers des bibliothèques parisiennes en 2014 ; et une étude des prix des meilleures ventes de 2011 de livres numériques en France et aux Etats-Unis. A partir de ces données empiriques, ce travail de recherche montre des modes de consommation et une offre du marché du livre papier et numérique qui s'articulent davantage qu'ils ne s'opposentThis thesis enlightens the understanding of consumer behavior and access to cultural goods in the digital age. We discuss three main issues : the impact of the long tail effect on the book demand, the substitutability between books from different access points, and the articulation between the price of paper books and digital books. Our approach is to consider the diversity of the book market through its trade and non-trade spheres and the duality between book formats - digital or not. In the _rst chapter of this dissertation, we analyze demand for fiction books in public lending libraries. Our results reveal that book consumption is unrelated to the star system. In order to explain the diversity of book borrowing in libraries, the second chapter questions the articulation between the different access points. Our analysis reveals the complementarity between borrowing practices and purchase of books and the independence of the downloading of digital books practices. The price of digital books can be an explanation of this independence, that's why the third chapter analyses the structuration of digital books prices. Our results show that the pricing system of digital books mainly mirrors the pricing system of paper books. Our analysis of these three chapters are based on three original databases : the borrowing of fiction books in Parisian libraries between January and April 2012 ; a survey made in Parisian libraries in 2014 ; and a study of the prices of best-seller digital books in France and in the United States. Based on this empirical data collection, the present research demonstrates that consumer behavior and the paper book and digital book market are more often correlated than opposed
18
Cornelissen, Catriona. "Negotiating cultures, modes of memory in novels by African women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27899.pdf.
Full text
19
Huat, Joel. "Diagnostic sur la variabilité des modes de conduite d'une culture et de conséquences agronomiques dans une agriculture fortement soumise incertitudes : cas de la tomate de plein champ à Mayotte." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004410.
Full textAbstract:
A Mayotte, la tomate est la principale culture maraîchère et elle est produite essentiellement en saison sèche en plein champ. Sa culture fait appel à des pratiques de conduite de la plante encore mal connues dans le détail, et ce dans un contexte marqué par de fortes incertitudes pour l'accès aux ressources productives. La plupart des producteurs sont des migrants en situation irrégulière. Nous avons donc cherché à savoir quel était l'effet des contraintes d'accès aux ressources productives sur la constitution des systèmes de culture maraîchers avec tomate et sur les performances de ces systèmes évaluées au travers de la conduite culturale de la tomate. La démarche combine d'une part une analyse approfondie des décisions techniques sur la constitution des systèmes de culture maraîchers, sur la localisation et la conduite de la culture de tomate, et d'autre part une évaluation par diagnostic agronomique des performances et problèmes de la culture. Un dispositif d'enquête a été mis en place en parcelles paysannes et suivi pendant deux ans. A ce dispositif ont été associées deux expérimentations : l'une pour évaluer les effets de trois modalités de conduite de la végétation sur la croissance et les composantes du rendement de la tomate, l'autre pour évaluer l'effet de traitements phytosanitaires sur l'état sanitaire des peuplements. En nous appuyant sur les concepts de système de culture et de modèles de décisions techniques, nous avons mis en évidence une diversité de systèmes de culture maraîchers à l'échelle annuelle et à celle de la saison culturale. C'est l'accès à l'eau qui détermine en priorité la zone cultivable maraîchère. L'insécurité sur le foncier se décline particulièrement sur le choix des cultures, la succession et le nombre de cultures sur l'année. La pratique de densités élevées, la double culture tomate-tomate, les forts pourcentages de sole tomate dans la sole maraîchère sont autant de traduction de cette incertitude, et se rencontrent surtout chez les agriculteurs ayant peu de ressources en terres (types gf2/b2, gf3/b2, gf4/b2). La formalisation des règles de conduite culturale de la tomate a permis de dégager une typologie d'itinéraires techniques qui se distinguent notamment par la conduite de la végétation avec des opérations de taille, tuteurage, effeuillage et égourmandage qui sont source d'hétérogénéité du nombre de tiges et du nombre de bouquets par pied. Nous avons vu que l'agriculteur s'adapte aux incertitudes en prévoyant des solutions de rechange qui tendent à privilégier une moindre dépendance vis-à-vis des tiers et qui induisent des variabilités de pratiques culturales, d'états du milieu avec des répercussions sur le fonctionnement de la culture que nous avons évaluées au travers de la variable rendement de la tomate. L'analyse des performances des systèmes de culture a révélé une grande diversité des rendements de la tomate sur les deux années, s'étalant de 0,7 t/ha à 89 t/ha. La principale variable explicative de cette diversité été le nombre de fruits par m², le poids moyen du fruit étant moins variable. Le rôle très déterminant du nombre de tiges sur le nombre de fruits (à travers le nombre de bouquets) a été mis en évidence. Les variations du nombre de fruits sont moins bien associées à celles du nombre de bouquets et du nombre de fruits par bouquet. L'analyse des profils de bouquets et de tiges a montré que les deux premiers bouquets des deux premières tiges concentraient environ 70% de la production. Ces paramètres majeurs ont été reliés aux états du milieu et aux pratiques qui en sont à l'origine. La taille des tiges et les égourmandages réguliers en cours de culture réduisent le nombre de tiges par plant et par conséquent les nombres de bouquets et de fruits par plant. Ce constat est corroboré par les résultats de l'essai taille réalisé en station. Les résultats obtenus débouchent sur des propositions en termes de recherches ultérieures et de développement (par exemples modification de la conduite de la végétation et celle de l'irrigation). Notre démarche qui a consisté à mener de front analyse des décisions techniques de la conduite d'une culture et diagnostic de l'élaboration du rendement sur cette culture participe à une nouvelle approche de l'analyse et de l'évaluation des systèmes de culture.
20
LIMA, Francisca Josélia Inocêncio de. "A criança e os artefatos lúdicos: um estudo etnográfico da cultura lúdica da rua." www.teses.ufc.br, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3141.
Full textAbstract:
LIMA, Francisca Josélia Inocêncio de . A criança e os artefatos lúdicos: um estudo etnográfico da cultura lúdica da rua. 2010. 125f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Fortaleza-CE, 2010.Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-10T13:56:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_FJILIMA.pdf: 21517219 bytes, checksum: af20bfaffbbc1991ea2e250fe69b7876 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-10T14:17:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_FJILIMA.pdf: 21517219 bytes, checksum: af20bfaffbbc1991ea2e250fe69b7876 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-10T14:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_FJILIMA.pdf: 21517219 bytes, checksum: af20bfaffbbc1991ea2e250fe69b7876 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
This research, continuing to work “Between hands and machines: the logic of building of playful artifacts”, developed as scientific initiation in degree course, tried to understand the relationship of the children with the industrial playful artifacts and crafts artifacts from the modes of play in a specific cultural context, the street. The corpus was composed of the records of the observations of free playful activities developed by children and adults residents in the Coronel Fabriciano Street, in the Granja Portugal district in the periphery of Fortaleza. The use of the case study in education inspired ethnographic research methodology made possible to realize the cultural peculiarities of to play in the context studied. For the analysis of the corpus, we resorted to theoretical categories: modes of play, appropriated by Costa from manners of make of Cearteau, discourse as conceptualized by Bakthin and playful culture, from the perspective inaugurated by Brougère. The results of this study suggests that the nature of the artifacts and the context in which they organize the playful activities playing an important role in the differentiation of modes of play. However, the initiative of the child makes complex this relationships in that it dialogues child with the multiple discourses that pervade the playful practices partly account for the production of the play culture, acting both in dialogue with the previous generation as in the dissemination between peers.
A presente pesquisa, dando continuidade ao trabalho “Entre mãos e máquinas: a lógica de construção dos artefatos lúdicos”, desenvolvido como iniciação científica na graduação, procurou compreender a relação das crianças com os artefatos lúdicos industriais e artesanais a partir dos modos de brincar num contexto cultural específico, a rua. O corpus foi constituído pelos registros das observações das atividades lúdicas desenvolvidas livremente por crianças e adultos residentes na rua Coronel Fabriciano, no bairro Granja Portugal, na periferia de Fortaleza. A utilização do estudo de caso em educação de inspiração etnográfica como metodologia da pesquisa possibilitou perceber as particularidades culturais do brincar em função do contexto estudado. Para a análise do corpus, recorreu-se às categorias teóricas: modos de brincar, adequada por Costa a partir das maneiras de fazer de Certeau; discurso tal como conceituado por Bakhtin e cultura lúdica, na perspectiva inaugurada por Brougère. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a natureza dos artefatos e o contexto onde se organizam as brincadeiras jogam um papel importante na diferenciação dos modos de brincar. Porém, a iniciativa da criança complexifica essas relações na medida em que ela dialoga com os múltiplos discursos que perpassam as práticas lúdicas respondendo em parte pela produção da cultura lúdica, atuando tanto no diálogo com a geração precedente quanto na disseminação entre os pares.
21
Benarfa, Olfa. "Minorité dominante et construction identitaire : L’interaction des modes de consommation locaux, étrangers et globaux. Le cas de la commensalité au Qatar." Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1054.
Full textAbstract:
En s’appuyant sur les théories du multiculturalisme et des intentions identitaires, et en tenant compte des limites des études sur les minorités ethniques qui ont été menées exclusivement dans des contextes occidentaux et qui ne permettent donc pas une généralisation théorique, cette thèse est une première tentative d’étudier les projets identitaires dans un contexte non-occidental, qui est l’état du Qatar. La présente recherche offre une perspective originale et unique sur l’étude des minorités en se focalisant sur le groupe d’accueil qui constitue ici le groupe minoritaire dominant culturellement. Les recherches passées se sont surtout penchées sur des situations opposées où les minorités sont principalement des immigrants qui sont culturellement dominés par une majorité d’accueil. Vu la nature collectiviste de la culture qatari et l’importance symbolique de l’expression identitaire dans la consommation alimentaire, le choix se porte sur l’étude de la commensalité en tant que prisme d’expression symbolique des projets identitaires des consommateurs. Ce champ d’étude constitue une autre des originalités et des apports de ce travail.Cette recherche mobilise plusieurs méthodes qualitatives et ethnographiques (les entretiens en profondeur, les focus groupes, la netnographie, la technique de photo élicitation, l’observation, les techniques projectives, etc.), ainsi qu’une nouvelle méthode qualitative empruntée à la discipline de la psychanalyse. Cette nouvelle technique est une réponse aux appels des spécialistes postcoloniaux à repenser l’utilisation des méthodes ethnographiques occidentales pour les communautés non occidentales. Le processus de mise en œuvre ainsi que les avantages et les limites de cette nouvelle technique sont également discutés.Les analyses suivent la logique de la phénoménologie et des approches herméneutiques, et les résultats montrent que la commensalité en tant que pratique culturelle et symbolique conduit au développement et à l’expression de différents projets identitaires que la littérature n’avait pas encore identifié. Les résultats ont également révélé que les consommateurs négocient continuellement entre des trajectoires identitaires concurrentes et parfois conflictuelles. Le but pour eux est de réussir à exprimer et à réduire une dissonance interne. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la continuité des travaux de Oswald et de sa métaphore de l’oscillation identitaire, ainsi que de ceux d’Askegaard et ses collègues et leur métaphore du pendule oscillant. En effet, ce travail montre que les informants, non seulement oscillent entre différents projets identitaires où ils expérimentent une diversité d’intentions identitaires personnelles, mais se retrouvent très régulièrement autour d’une identité groupale commune et partagée dans le temps et dans l’espace où les projets identitaires personnels sont mis au second plan. L’auteur appelle cette dynamique identitaire le mouvement de l’accordéon pour rendre compte du mouvement élastique de dilatation vers des intentions identitaires multiples, puis de contracture vers une identité partagée traditionnelle et non négociée. Le mouvement de l’accordéon pourrait expliquer comment la société Qatarie réussi à rester unie malgré sa caractéristique minoritaire et comment les Qataris absorbent les codes culturels nouveaux en ayant le sentiment de ne pas mettre en danger leur cohésion culturelleDrawing on multicultural and identity theories and based on a critique of studies on ethnic minorities that are exclusively conducted in Western contexts and do not allow for a theoretical consensus, this thesis is an initial attempt to investigate identity projects in a non-Western context, which is the state of Qatar. The current research offers an original and unique perspective on studying minorities by focusing on the local dominant minority group rather than the opposite classic situation where minorities are mainly immigrants who are dominated by a local majority group. Given the collectivistic nature of this context and the centrality of identity in food consumption, this research uses a very unique and an under-researched area of consumption, which is commensality, as a framework to study the symbolic meaning of this dimension and its impact on consumers’ identity negotiation and intentions.The current study uses several qualitative and ethnographic methods (e.g. semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus groups, netnography, photo elicitation, observation, projective techniques, etc.), as well as a new qualitative method borrowed from the psychoanalysis discipline. This technique comes as a response to postcolonial scholars’ calls for rethinking the use of Western ethnographic methods for non-Western communities. The implementation process and the advantages and limitations of this new technique are also discussed.Analyses follow the logic of phenomenology and hermeneutic approaches, and findings show that commensality as a cultural and symbolic practice led to the development and expression of different new identity projects that were not found in previous studies on minorities, and which depend on the contextual, historical and cultural forces. Results also reveal that consumers are continuously negotiating conflicting and competing trajectories of identities with the aim of reducing internal dissonance. Another interesting result emerges and expends Oswald’s idea of identity oscillation and Asckegaard et al.’s metaphor of the oscillating pendulum: it is a dynamic that the author named “the accordion movement”, where individuals not only oscillate between different identity projects, but they scatter and spread out in different directions where each has his/her own personal identity intentions, however they all meet at a common ground in favour of the group identity while putting on hold their personal identities. This elastic movement is akin to the accordion instrument expanding and contracting, and could explain how the Qatari society still manage to remain united despite their minority status, and how Qataris embrace and adopt new cultural codes without harming their cultural cohesion
22
Rakotomalala, Olivier Tantelinirina. "L'efficacité des modes de communication d'un changement organisationnel selon divers paramètres culturels." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2830.
Full textAbstract:
La communication est un élément incontournable dans les organisations lors des périodes de changement, qui sont elles-mêmes inhérentes à toute organisation. Il existe une variété de modes de communication d'un changement lors de son implantation. L'objectif de cette recherche consiste à explorer les liens entre des modes de communication et des caractéristiques culturelles des destinataires d'un changement. Cent-vingt et un étudiants d'origines culturelles diverses et habitant les résidences d'une université québécoise ont servi d'échantillon pour l'étude d'un changement devant y être implanté. Les variables culturelles suivantes ont été mesurées chez ces participants : l'individualisme vertical, l'individualisme horizontal, le collectivisme vertical et le collectivisme horizontal. Trois modes de communication matérialisés en trois vignettes annonçant un changement (le mode monologique, le mode dialogique, et le mode séducteur) ont été utilisés auprès de trois groupes distincts de participants dont les préoccupations face au changement ainsi annoncé ont ensuite été mesurées. Des analyses de régressions multiples n'ont pas permis de confirmer les hypothèses, à savoir que les niveaux de l'ensemble des préoccupations seraient plus bas lors d'une communication monologique pour les personnes ayant un haut niveau d'individualisme vertical, lors d'une communication dialogique pour celles qui ont un haut niveau d'individualisme horizontal ainsi que lors d'une communication dite séductrice pour celles qui ont un haut niveau de collectivisme vertical. Par contre, des analyses exploratoires ont montré qu'un haut niveau d'individualisme horizontal pourrait conduire à avoir davantage de préoccupations liées à la résistance au changement lors d'une communication dialogique. Dans le même sens, de hauts niveaux de collectivisme vertical ou d'individualisme vertical amèneraient l'expression d'un plus grand nombre de préoccupations liées au soutien au changement lors de communications monologiques ou séductrices. Ces données amènent à supposer que les préoccupations, voire la résistance au changement, seraient maximisées par une communication adéquate et qu'elles seraient favorables au changement. Les modes de communication adéquats et les réactions des destinataires d'un changement ne seraient pas les mêmes dans toutes les cultures.
23
Kullok, Alcione Tavora. "A força e o vigor da mulher idosa rural: estudo etnográfico sobre envelhecimento em Dom Modesto, Caratininga-MG." Instituto Fernandes Figueira, 2012. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8038.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-22T13:16:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
Alcione Tavora Kullok.pdf: 901995 bytes, checksum: bf33e66b5aeda6ea638f7b57980b50e6 (MD5)
license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
O envelhecimento é um processo universal e o crescimento da população idosa tem chamado a atenção de diferentes setores da sociedade com repercussões sócio-econômicas em nível individual e coletivo. No Brasil, onde os dados censitários revelam uma crescente urbanização do país e um componente de mulheres idosas cada vez maiores em relação aos homens, esse estudo propôs a abordar os processos do envelhecimento das mulheres em dois campos de discussão: o envelhecimento na perspectiva de gênero e a condição rural. O estudo não tem a pretensão do produzir uma analise cultural totalizante, mas de conhecer e registrar as histórias dessas idosas, num contexto rural, muitas vezes esquecido-se da sociedade e do poder público. A metodologia utilizada foi a etnografia, ou seja, fui viver, conviver e registrar os fatos do cotidiano e seus significados através da reinterpretação de 27 idosas com idades acima de sessenta anos até 92 anos. Através de observações participantes, participantes observações, entrevistas, grupos de “causos”, pude tomar ciência de que, embora pareça uma tendência da sociedade atual homogeneizar os espaços geográficos descaracterizando-os de suas referências naturais, e (re) caracterizando-os com referências produtivas e econômicas, as culturas locais permanecem. O Distrito de Caratinga, denominado Dom Modesto onde o trabalho etnográfico foi realizado, mantém suas particularidades e muitas vezes pude senti-las como um processo contra-hegemônico das tendências massificantes: trata-se de um espaço bastante fechado e com seus códigos próprios. Em muitos momentos senti-me excluída, não por ser uma pesquisadora, mas por não ser nativa: foi difícil o processo de imersão nesse terreno distante de minha vida social. Lá, as terras são vendidas entre os familiares. Como em toda a sociedade, o contexto estudado possui uma estratificação social e geográfica, as fazendeiras idosas moram nos Córregos e as ex-ajudantes ou meeiras, no núcleo do Distrito (vila). Todas as idosas participantes professam o catolicismo. Pude comparar suas histórias com o que diz o meu acervo bibliográfico, e dentro do contexto estudado, encontrei certas idosas como verdadeiras protagonistas de algumas obras literárias. Observei a quase inexistência das grades etárias e os acontecimentos demarcados por elas como uma linha da vida quase seqüencial. Pude visualizar e rever traços de paradigmas da Antiguidade que ainda persistem em imutável e infindável repetição e desigualdades perenes e naturalizadas da divisão sexual do trabalho tanto nos processos de produção como de reprodução dessas mulheres rurais. Pude ver um rural decadente na monocultura do café e o seu renascimento na horticultura familiar. Mas pude constatar também que as idosas participantes estão todas ativas, não com o vigor da juventude, mas cada uma com sua particularidade e em seu tempo, não se consideram velhas. Os vocábulos “idoso” e “terceira idade” nesse contexto não são muito reconhecidos, pois são palavras utilizadas pelo povo da rua[cidade]. Já o termo “véia [velha]” não é visto como uma conotação pejorativa e sim como uma etapa natural da vida. As construções e reconstruções sociais, a todo o momento estiveram presentes nesse estudo, numa circularidade dinâmica em que as idosas não temem e nem vêem a morte como um fim, mas como uma passagem. Mas nem por isso a desejam. Esperam e pedem a Deus mais alguns anos de vida, porém com independência e autonomia, pois sua perda sim, é considerada a morte em vida.
Growing old is a universal process and the increase of the elderly population has caught the attention of different areas of society with socioeconomic repercussions on an individual and collective level. In Brazil, where census data reveal a growing urbanization in the country and a bigger proportion of elderly women over men, this study proposes to approach the process of growing old for women in two fields of discussion: the aging process in a perspective of genre and rural condition. The study does not have the ambition of producing a totalizing cultural analysis, but to know and register the history of these elderly women, in a rural context, often forgotten by the society and the government. The methodology used was ethnography, which means I lived and registered the facts of their daily life and their meaning through the interpretations of 27 elderly women ranging from 60 years old to 92. Through participatory observation, interviews and groups, I became aware that, although it seems like a tendency of today’s society to homogenize the geographic spaces, depriving them of their natural references and characterizing them with productive and economic references, the local culture prevails. The District of Caratinga, called Dom Modesto where the ethnographic research was done, keeps its particularities and I could feel them several times as a counter-hegemonic of the massifying tendencies: it is a closed off space with its own codes. During several moments, I felt left out, not for being a researcher, but for not being a native: the immersion process was hard in this place so distant from my social life. There, the land is sold among family members. As throughout society, the context studied has a social and geographic stratification, the elderly female farmers live in the Córregos and the ex-helpers in the village. Every elderly woman participating is catholic. I could compare their stories with my bibliographic collection and, within the context being studied, I found certain ladies like real heroes of some of the literary works. I observed a near inexistence of age groups and the events marked by them are almost like a sequential life line. I could see traces of an ancient era that still prevails in unchangeable and endless repetition, and enduring and naturalized inequalities of work gender division in both reproduction and production processes with these rural women. I could see a countryside lacking in coffee monoculture and its rebirth in homegrown horticulture. However, I could also see that these elderly ladies are all active; maybe not with the energy of youth, but each one with their own particularity and time, they don’t consider themselves old. The terms “elderly” and “seniors” in this context are not really recognized because they are generally used by people in the city. The term “véia” (oldie) is not seen with a pejorative connotation, but as a natural phase in life. The social constructions and reconstructions have been present at all times in this study, in a dynamic circularity in which the elderly women don’t fear nor see death as an end, but as a passage. But that doesn’t mean they wish for it. They hope and ask God for a few more years of life, but with independence and autonomy, for their loss is considered death in life.
24
Johannes, Ben. "Organizational modes of non-state armed groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4c99d9ff-3b7f-4c6b-969f-978138197a78.
Full textAbstract:
To what extent can two 'Modes' be found amongst non-state armed groups (NSAGs)? The Modes theory hypotheses that NSAGs are organized into two distinct Modes, either the 'Imagistic' or the 'Doctrinal' Mode, with each Mode characterised by a particular organisational structure and type of resource extraction. Previous preliminary research on this had three limitations: 1) it used a sample of only five groups; 2) "Galton's problem", i.e. non-independence of groups was not taken into account, and 3) the theory of resource extraction was underdeveloped. The present research overcomes each of these limitations. First, can the patterns found in the 5-group case study be replicated with a larger sample? A dataset with 50 NSAGs was constructed, with variables that were derived from the theory and resembling those used for the 5-group case study. Analysis results showed that a few 'Doctrinal' variables were significantly correlated and 'Doctrinal' rituals had a frequency distribution as predicted. Yet, most correlations between all Modes variables were not significant, and analyses did not convincingly show that there were two distinct Modes. Second, to what extent does "Galton's problem" (autocorrelation) play a role amongst NSAGs regarding their Modes properties? Data on relations between armed groups and their geographical locations were added to the sample. Using Moran's I, it appeared that two to four Modes properties were significantly autocorrelated. With geographical region as covariate, analyses were redone. Results remained basically the same as without regional covariate. Third, what is the relationship between Modes and the type of Resource extraction? Resource types were operationalized and Resource type data were added to the sample of NSAGs. A theory on Risk, and a ROI (Return on Investment) and Risk index were developed. Regressions showed no change in ROI or Risk over time. Low ROI did not typically predict Doctrinal-related Modes properties, and high-ROI did not typically predict Imagistic-related Modes properties. The significance of relations between Modes properties and Resource types strongly depended on whether the analysis was a correlation or a regression. Overall, only a few relationships were significant and no consistent pattern emerged. Limitations of the present research, and suggestions for further research are discussed, as well as an overall assessment of the Modes theory.
25
Lima, Francisca Joselia Inocencio de. "A crianÃa e os artefatos lÃdicos: um estudo etnogrÃfico da cultura lÃdica da rua." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5534.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA presente pesquisa, dando continuidade ao trabalho âEntre mÃos e mÃquinas: a lÃgica de construÃÃo dos artefatos lÃdicosâ, desenvolvido como iniciaÃÃo cientÃfica na graduaÃÃo, procurou compreender a relaÃÃo das crianÃas com os artefatos lÃdicos industriais e artesanais a partir dos modos de brincar num contexto cultural especÃfico, a rua. O corpus foi constituÃdo pelos registros das observaÃÃes das atividades lÃdicas desenvolvidas livremente por crianÃas e adultos residentes na rua Coronel Fabriciano, no bairro Granja Portugal, na periferia de Fortaleza. A utilizaÃÃo do estudo de caso em educaÃÃo de inspiraÃÃo etnogrÃfica como metodologia da pesquisa possibilitou perceber as particularidades culturais do brincar em funÃÃo do contexto estudado. Para a anÃlise do corpus, recorreu-se Ãs categorias teÃricas: modos de brincar, adequada por Costa a partir das maneiras de fazer de Certeau; discurso tal como conceituado por Bakhtin e cultura lÃdica, na perspectiva inaugurada por BrougÃre. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a natureza dos artefatos e o contexto onde se organizam as brincadeiras jogam um papel importante na diferenciaÃÃo dos modos de brincar. PorÃm, a iniciativa da crianÃa complexifica essas relaÃÃes na medida em que ela dialoga com os mÃltiplos discursos que perpassam as prÃticas lÃdicas respondendo em parte pela produÃÃo da cultura lÃdica, atuando tanto no diÃlogo com a geraÃÃo precedente quanto na disseminaÃÃo entre os pares.
This research, continuing to work âBetween hands and machines: the logic of building of playful artifactsâ, developed as scientific initiation in degree course, tried to understand the relationship of the children with the industrial playful artifacts and crafts artifacts from the modes of play in a specific cultural context, the street. The corpus was composed of the records of the observations of free playful activities developed by children and adults residents in the Coronel Fabriciano Street, in the Granja Portugal district in the periphery of Fortaleza. The use of the case study in education inspired ethnographic research methodology made possible to realize the cultural peculiarities of to play in the context studied. For the analysis of the corpus, we resorted to theoretical categories: modes of play, appropriated by Costa from manners of make of Cearteau, discourse as conceptualized by Bakthin and playful culture, from the perspective inaugurated by BrougÃre. The results of this study suggests that the nature of the artifacts and the context in which they organize the playful activities playing an important role in the differentiation of modes of play. However, the initiative of the child makes complex this relationships in that it dialogues child with the multiple discourses that pervade the playful practices partly account for the production of the play culture, acting both in dialogue with the previous generation as in the dissemination between peers
26
Hills, Mils. "Modes of association and differentiation in Mauritius : an account of identity in a situation of socio-cultural heterogeneity." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6455.
Full textAbstract:
This Thesis details the anthropological investigation of socio-cultural heterogeneity in Mauritius, a small island republic in the Indian Ocean. I introduce the island, its population, climate and other salient features in the Introduction, where I also reveal something of the author's intentions, interests and ideology. Although Mauritius has been relatively infrequently written about by anthropologists or other social scientists, when Mauritian social diversity has been discussed it has been conducted on the presumption that difference is synonymous with division. Consequently, in Chapter 1, I develop a critique of this assumption, which has found its way into the texts and discourses of both sociologists and state bureaucrats. I collapse these two categories' products into one, by drawing upon Foucault's notion of 'governmentality', and critique widespread views of Multiculturalism as being founded on the alleged coevalness of difference and division. I also introduce my three main analytical tools: intersubjectivity, transcendence and creolization. Chapter 2 portrays individuals' identity, agreeing that at times those Mauritians that I met did draw divisions between one another, but that this was far from predictable, nor universally practised. Chapter 3 continues this project, by focusing on specific forms of the expression of division, but again I highlight the unanticipated nature of division and difference. Chapter 4 further clouds the picture by noting that even where individuals might be thought to be unproblematically employing ethnic - or caste - based strategies in, for example, the workplace, the use of such tools was again unforseeable, and not always successful. Even where they were successful in securing advantage, there are wider costs not previously noted in the ethnographic record. Chapter 5 is the culmination of my argument. Through a fine-grained portrayal of a number of ethnographic moments, I point up the unifying and shared practices which have hitherto been excerpted from ethnographic accounts of Mauritius (or other 'plural' societies). These unifying features are as relevant to my understanding of Mauritian society as divisions, I claim, and I reflect on the contrast between 'banal' unities and governmental notions of Multiculturalism. The Conclusion draws together the threads of the Thesis and charts where it fits in terms of wider anthropological and political trends.
27
Koko, Marcel Eza. "Système de cultures et modes de production agricole (cultures vivrières et de rente) dans la Lobaye en R. C. A." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30005.
Full text
28
Créac'h, Cécile. "Les usages sociaux des voiliers : enjeux culturels des modes d'appropriation de la navigation." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3015.
Full textAbstract:
A en croire les discours actuels, il serait aujourd'hui possible, pour un public de plus en plus large, de pratiquer la navigation sur voiliers en dehors de toutes discriminations économiques et sociales. L'analyse fine des modes d'accès à cette pratique permet de voir combien cette " démocratisation " est, en réalité, doublement déterminée, tant du point de vue de l'héritage socioculturel des navigateurs que de celui des dispositions corporelles indispensables aux " justes manières de naviguer ", seules reconnues comme légitimes. Autrement dit, avant même de parler de " démocratisation ", il faut précisément s'interroger sur les façons singulières dont les navigateurs ont acquis des " savoir-naviguer ", soit spontanément sur le mode de " l'allant-de-soi ", soit au travers d'un long travail de soumission aux normes de chaque modalité de pratique. La nécessaire objectivation de la croyance en la " démocratisation " permet de mettre en évidence les conditions sociales et culturelles qui régissent des prises de positions ayant pour enjeux les modes d'appropriation et la définition légitime de la navigation sur voiliers, pensée, dans le discours commun, comme une pratique " pour tous ".
29
Ghattas, Maïa. "Patrimonialisation à Doula : enjeux culturels des modes de gouverner et d'aménager en contexte autoritaire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H057.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de recherche, conduit entre 2011 et 2019, s’intéresse à la place de la culture dans les modes de gouvernement à Douala, à partir de l’étude de la question patrimoniale. A l’échelle de la ville, divers acteurs - institutionnels ou non - réinvestissent la notion de patrimoine. Leurs conceptions, leurs actions, leurs revendications patrimoniales participent à la production de la ville, et se réfèrent à des relectures dites « traditionnelles » ainsi qu’à des stratégies de rénovation urbaine. La « mise en patrimoine » et la « mise en art » des espaces publics libèrent la parole, dans une ville où toute forme de représentations matérielles ou symboliques de la mémoire a longtemps été interdite par l’État. Ces initiatives impliquent une négociation pour l’occupation de l’espace pouvant se référer à une histoire urbaine occultée. J’appréhende ce processus de construction de l’objet patrimonial par les divers acteurs en présence, ainsi que ses effets dans la production de l’espace urbain. L’étude des différents projets, mais aussi de leur articulation ou de leur concurrence, révèle une lecture des rapports de pouvoir et du gouvernement en ville. À travers la culture, l’affirmation d’une mémoire, et par là d’une légitimité, certains acteurs contrebalancent le pouvoir économique et le pouvoir politique à Douala pour se positionner dans l’espace urbain. En filigrane, mon travail vise à réfléchir aux enjeux de la construction d’un discours sur l’art en contexte autoritaire et à réinterroger d’une façon particulière les pouvoirs en ville. Ma thèse suit une approche qualitative. J’allie observations et entretiens auprès des pouvoirs publics, des élites, du monde associatif, des artistes et des habitants. Je m’appuie également sur la production et l’analyse d’images et de films, réalisés en collaboration avec plusieurs groupes d’artistes. Cette recherche s’organise en trois parties. Tout d’abord, la première partie traite de la place du patrimoine dans les plans d’aménagement successifs. Je présente un état de l’art en soulignant l’ouverture des normes de définition de la notion, ce qui me permet de revenir sur la place du patrimoine dans les politiques et les décisions en matière d’aménagement, en analysant les études et les plans de patrimonialisation existants. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à la place de la culture dans les jeux de pouvoir en ville. J’interroge les enjeux de pouvoir liés à l’affirmation de groupes dits « autochtones » dans l’espace urbain, grâce à l’usage du patrimoine. Il s’agit de faire le lien entre patrimoine, histoire et mémoire dans le contexte de Douala. Enfin, la dernière partie discute du rôle d’acteurs subalternes, de leur place dans le monde de l’art, ainsi que de leur possibilité de participer à la fabrique de la ville. Je pose la question plus large de la production de la culture dans le contexte autoritaire et néolibéral de Douala, en proposant d’étudier des initiatives hors-les-murs, et en questionnant leur devenirThis research, led between 2011 and 2019, focuses on the place of culture in the different way of government in Douala, regarding the study of the patrimonial issues. On the scale of the city, various actors – institutionalized or not – continually reinvest the concept of heritage. Their views, their actions, their patrimonial demands participate in the city development and refer to “traditional” re-readings urban renovation strategies. The “process of heritage” and the “process of putting art in public spaces” liberate speech, in a city where every kind of material or symbolic representation of memory has long been forbidden by the State. Those initiatives imply to negotiate for the occupation of space, possibly referring to conceal urban history. I look into the process of construction of heritage through the various actors operating, as well as its effects on the production of urban space. The study of different projects, also in their coordination or competition, shows power and government relationships in the city. Through culture, the assertion of memory, and thus of legitimacy, some actors offset the economical and the political power in Douala in order to position themselves in the urban space. My research reiterates the issue of developing a discourse on art, and its stakes, in an authoritarian political context, regarding the influence of the various actors involved in the city development. My thesis proposes a qualitative approach: interviews with public authorities, local elites, actors from the associative sector, artists and citizens, as well as observation on the field. To make a concrete analytical study, I refer to images and movies, collaboratively produced with numerous groups of artists. This research is divided into three parts. First, the place of heritage in the successive development plans. I present a state of the art and emphasize the opening of the notion definition standards. It allows me to go back on the place of heritage in the development policies and decisions, by analyzing the existing studies and heritage plans. The second part deals with the place of culture in the power relationships in the city and the assertion of groups called “autochthonous” in the urban space, through the use of heritage. This includes linking heritage, history and memory in the context of Douala. Finally, I refer to the role of subordinate actors, their place in the art world, as well as their ability to participate to the city development. I pose a broader issue of the production of culture in the neoliberal and authoritarian context of Douala, by offering to study off-site initiatives, and questioning their future
30
Evdoxia, Katla. "Modèles culturels de l'habitat grec contemporain." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070004.
Full textAbstract:
Effort de découvrir les modèles culturels de l'habitat grec d'aujourd'hui. Analyse de quarante interviews non-directives réalisées à Athènes, Lamia (ville de province), Aspra Spitia (cite ouvrière privée de Pechiney) et Larymna (cite ouvrière de Larko), dans des appartements et des maisons individuelles. Une première partie est consacrée aux conditions du logement en Grèce (évolution économique et démographique tout au long du 20eme siècle, la situation actuelle, l'évolution de l'architecture dans les logements individuels et les immeubles collectifs. Dans la deuxième partie, à partir de l'analyse des interviews, nous procédons à une comparaison du logement individuel et du logement collectif, en examinant: a) l'appropriation et la propreté (marquage de l'espace, entretien et ménage - sale et propre- l'aménagement et les coins personnels. B) les pièces et les espaces du logement (devant et derrière, cuisine, salle de réception, salle à manger, cour et jardin, balcons et vérandas. C) le chez soi et les rapports sociaux (être chez soi, les rapports de voisinage) enfin, nous exposons les aspirations des interviewés en matière de l'habitat. Aux conclusions nous regroupons les observations tirées de l'analyse du contenu des interviewsAn effort to discover the cultural models of the contemporary Greek habitat. Analysis of forty non-directional interviews realized in Athens, Lamia (provincial town), Aspra Spitia (private workers' town of Pechiney)and Larymna (workers'town of Larko), in flats and individual dwellings. The first part is dedicated to the conditions of housing in Greece (economic and demographic evolution during the 20th century, present situation, architectural evolution in individual houses and multiple dwellings. In the second part, we proceed to a comparison of individual houses and multiple dwellings, examining: a) the appropriation of space and the property (space personal marks, maintenance and house keeping - clean and unclean - interior lay out and private corners). B) the living spaces (front and back, kitchen and dining room, reception spaces bedrooms, verandas, yards and garden). C) Home and social relations (being at home, neighborhood relations). Finally, we examine the aspirations related to habitat. In the conclusions, we are regrouping our previous observations based on the analysis of our interviews
31
Gaboriau, Patrick. "Modes de pensée et savoirs psychiatriques : essai d'anthropologie sociale." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H098.
Full textAbstract:
Un certain type d'individualisme marque-t-il la configuration actuelle des sociétes industrielles? Norbert Elias, dans la civilisation des moeurs, insiste sur le contrôle croissant des comportements sous l'effet de la "civilisation"; cette thèse peut-elle s'associer au point de vue tocquevillien développe dans la démocratie en Amérique? La "démocratie" s'inscrit-elle dans le prolongement d'une "domestication" accrue des conduites? L'individualisme" permet-il de mieux appréhender ce phènomène d'intériorisation supposée? A partir de deux travaux de terrain, effectués, l'un dans la Silicon Valley (aux Etats-Unis), et l'autre dans le choletais (en France), il s'est agi de comparer les façons dont la personne se pense et pense les autres. Le rapport de soi à soi et de soi aux autres, les croyances et les expériences de la "pathologie mentale", comme objets révélateurs, font ressortir le "devoir normal" que chacun s'assigne dans les deux sociétés étudiées. En californie, le "mode de pensée démocratique" domine, caractérisé par l'unité des représentations, le renvoi du collectif et de l'individuel à la volonté et au choix singulier, la maladie mentale se pense comme "problème", "endogène", une "pensée officielle" domine, qui implique une forte exigence du soi. En france, il y a un dualisme; d'un côté, la "pensée cultivée", marquée par le sérieux, ressemble au modèle démocratique; mais elle se situe dans un rapport avec une "pensée populaire", ou la maladie est vue comme "symptôme" exogène, ambivalent et comique, qui en donne une dimension particulière. En conclusion, les rapports, entre le mode de pensée dit démocratique et les modes de pensée dits civilisée et populaire, sont recherchésDoes a kind of individualism marks the present configuration of industrial societies? Nobert Elias emphasizes the control of behavior under the effect of "civilization"; can this thesis be associated with Tocqueville's viewpoint developed in democracy in America? Is "democracy" an extension of an increased "domestication" of conduct? Does "individualism" give us a better understanding of the supposed phenomena of internalization? From fieldwork done in the Silicon Valley (United States), and the Cholet area (France), we compare the ways the individual thinks about him or herself and about others. The relation from the self to the self and the self to others, the beliefs and experiences of "mental pathology", seen as revealing objects, bring out the "normal duty" that everyone ascribes to himself or herself in the two societies considered, in the californian study, the "democratic mode of thought" dominates, characterized by a unity of representations, the discharge of the collective and the individual to personal will and choice, mental illness is seen as a "problem", "from within", a "public thought" dominates implicating a strong demand on the self. In the french study, there is a dualism; from one side, the "cultivated thought", caracterized by the serious, resembles the democratic model, but exists in relation to a "popular thought" in which illness is seen as a "symptom" coming "from outside", ambivalent and comic
32
Sopow, Catherine Ruby. "Negotiated Meanings on the Landscape: Culture, Perseverance and a Shift in Paradigms in Klawock, Alaska." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538653/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of Klawock's Tribal Citizens' relationship to harvesting what is colloquially known as customary and traditional foods and/or native foods. The state and federal governments categorize these culturally specific goods as subsistence foods. An unearthed, 5,360-year-old basket potentially links modern day Klawock Tribal Citizens with their ancestral ties to the region. Throughout this time, families in this region of Southeast Alaska have been participating in a form of indigenous fishery. Despite access to multiple grocery stores and fish canneries, tribal citizens choose to expend their family's efforts to harvest their own sockeye out of the Klawock watershed. Oral history and ethnography and methodologies were employed to record personal relationships with the harvest of these resources while also documenting a context in which these relationships exist.
Klawock Cooperative Association's staff worked alongside the student researcher and participants to analyze the data and produce findings. Engaging in customary and traditional activities rewards participants with intrinsic facets of their identity. Alongside reinforcing identities, these activities teach participants about family dynamics and working as a team, as well as the responsibilities that come with. These responsibilities are formed through the assignment of roles and provide people with purpose. The roles of individuals within their family dynamic parallel their understanding of their place within the larger society. Having a purpose and knowing their place shapes participant's accomplishments in the food system and honors them with feelings of pride. Based on these findings, KCA interprets customary and traditional activities as an epistemology in which increased access and participation provides an upwards trajectory of community health.
33
ISHIGAKI, TAKEO, AKEMI HAYAKAWA, HIDETOSHI KOBAYASHI, and XIN RU ZHANG. "AN EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THREE DIFFERENT MODES OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON CULTURED MAMMALIAN CELLS." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16092.
Full text
34
Alaoui, Btarny Meriem. "Les métamorphoses gnawa et l'idéal d'une société plurielle : Ethnographies des modes de légitimation des transformations sociales." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2026.
Full textAbstract:
La musique et la danse constituent le noyau de la vie rituelle d’une confrérie au statut particulier, par rapport aux autres confréries du soufisme marocain, il s’agit des adeptes gnawa. Présenter comme les descendants d’anciens esclaves, les gnawa réconcilient dans leurs rituels des éléments mythiques qui les situent dans un entre-deux entre le licite et l’illicite, l’ici et l’ailleurs. Loin de s’achever dans des dichotomies de principes, leurs pratiques sont de fait plurielles et suggèrent un espace ou la logique communautaire est mise au service de la représentation de soi. Les transformations accélérées et les changements d’échelles qui affectent les mondes contemporains réorientent les modes d’existence des acteurs à travers des pratiques complexes et délibérées de performance, de représentation et d’action. Les éléments culturels gnawa sont mis en scène sous de nouveaux labels et poursuivent de nouveaux enjeux ou la référence culturelle masque le déni d’égalité entre les individus. Longtemps marginalisés, les gnawa sont aujourd’hui célébrés dans des espaces transnationaux qui poussent l’observateur à s’interroger sur les rapports entre sens social et liberté individuelle dans le monde contemporainMusic and dance constitute the heart of ritual life provide the center of ritual life for a friary with particular status regard to the other friaries of Moroccan Sufism, the gnawa practitioners. Exploring their connexion to slavery the gnawa performed in the ritual cultural elements that place them in a space between the legal and illegal, the here and elsewhere. However those dichotomy are flawed, their practices are various and suggest a space where the community manage a representation of themselves. The changes of scale that affect the contemporary world renew the ways of existence of social actors. This position put the terms of reconstruction and management of gnawa identity in the perspective of ‘simultaneity time’, where culture is caught in an accelerated movement of time and space. Their practice is hardly of only local interest, circulating on the global market, rebuilt by different actors, this gnawa circulation bring to the light the understanding of tradition, patrimony, identity and otherness
35
Contreras, Johana. "Les modes de production des inégalités, les cultures scolaires et les expériences des élèves : une comparaison des systèmes éducatifs français et chilien." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0328/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche porte sur les inégalités sociales dans les systèmes éducatifs français et chilien. À la différence de l’abondante littérature sur ce sujet dans la sociologie de l’éducation et dans d’autres disciplines, ce travail ne vise ni à expliquer les inégalités ni à comparer leur ampleur. À partir d’une approche compréhensive basée sur la sociologie de l’expérience, nous étudions le lien entre les modes de production des inégalités au sein de chaque système éducatif et les expériences des élèves. Cette question est appréhendée à partir d’une comparaison qualitative consistant en un examen de la législation, des études empiriques et des statistiques décrivant chaque modèle d’une part, et en une enquête de terrain auprès des enseignants et des élèves d’autre part. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été effectués dans quatre lycées de chaque pays incluant 119 personnes (79 élèves et 40 professeurs). Ces deux systèmes se rapprochent de deux figures idéal-typiques de production des inégalités : le mode socio-économique au Chili et le mode scolaire-culturel en France. Ces modes de production façonnent les expériences scolaires en termes de leur contenu et de leur distribution. Au Chili, les expériences des lycéens reflètent les inégalités socio-économiques, se traduisant par des sentiments de macro-injustice ; en France les expériences se configurent autour des inégalités proprement scolaires avec une prééminence des sentiments de micro-injustice. Enfin, la culture scolaire nationale agit sur ce rapport entre les modes de production et les expériences ; au Chili elle atténue la critique de l’injustice de l’École alors qu’en France, elle l’exacerbeThe present research examines social inequalities in French and Chilean education systems. Diverging from the abundant literature on this subject in the sociology of education and other disciplines, the goal of this research was to neither explain the inequalities nor compare their extent. Instead, we took a comprehensive approach based on the sociology of experience, to study the relation between the forms of inequality production in each education system and students’ experience of it. This issue was investigated through a qualitative comparison of the two education systems, in which we examined on the one hand, the legislation, the empirical studies and the statistics of each national model and on the other hand, a field study with teachers and students. The latter consisted of 119 semi-directive interviews (79 students and 40 teachers) in four high schools in each country. The two systems approximate two ideal-types of inequality production: the social-economic mode in Chile and the educational-cultural mode in France. These modes of production shape both the content and the distribution of the schooling experience. In Chile, the students’ experience reflects social-economic inequalities translated into feelings of macro-injustice; in France, experiences are formed by inequalities in the schooling process with a preeminence of feelings of micro-injustice. Finally, national schooling cultures act upon the relationship between the forms of inequality production and the experiences: In Chile, it attenuates the criticism of injustice toward school, while in France it is exacerbated
36
Berglez, Peter. "The materiality of media discourse : on capitalism and journalistic modes of writing." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro University : Universitetsbiblioteket, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-471.
Full text
37
Pompeu, de Freitas Campos Lúcia. "Les modes d'écoute d'une poésie chantée : le "maracatu de baque solto" de la "cultura popular" à la scène musicale globalisée (Brésil-Europe)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0098.
Full textAbstract:
J'enquête dans cette thèse sur les processus par lesquels une pratique de poésie chantée, qui fait partie de cette brincadeira (jeu, divertissement) appelée maracatu de baque solto au Pernambuco (Brésil), et qui fédère des goûts, des écoutes, des attachements, des savoirs passés de génération en génération, devient de la musique jouée sur scène, qui circule dans des réseaux globalisés de production musicale entre le Brésil et l'Europe. Pour mener à bien cette ethnographie, j'ai suivi de près des musiciens qui prennent part activement aux rites du maracatu de baque solto, mais également aux rites de la scène de musique amplifiée. L'enquête sur le continuum d'une même pratique musicale dans des contextes divers m'a permis de mettre en miroir deux catégories utilisées pour la classifier le long d'un réseau de production musicale : cultura popular et world music. Tandis que la circulation des musiciens sur les scènes des festivals européens est une négociation continuelle des imaginaires du Brésil face à la world music, la circulation du maracatu de baque solto au Pernambuco nous invite à réfléchir davantage sur les représentations qui y sont mobilisées à partir des sonorités de la cultura popular mises en scène. Cette ethnographie multi-située cherche à analyser la scène de musique amplifiée, en passant par des sambadas et cortèges de carnaval, par la trajectoire des maîtres du maracatu et par les réseaux de production musicale entre le Brésil et l'Europe. Comment la musique traverse-t-elle les modes d'existence depuis la scène musicale jusqu'au cortège de carnaval ? Comment fabrique-t-elle un espace commun et son appréciation collective ? L'étude de la circulation musicale soulève les enjeux politiques de la mondialisation et fait émerger les modes d'existence de la musique dans les sociétés contemporainesThis dissertation investigates the processes by which a practice of sung poetry, which is part of the brincadeira (play) called maracatu of baque solto in Pernambuco (Brazil), becomes a music played on stage, circulating in the globalized networks of musical production between Brazil and Europe. The maracatu de baque solto, that in its original form federates tastes, plays, attachments, knowledge transmitted from generation to generation, when entering the world music circuit creates new tastes, new plays, new attachments and new ways of sharing musical and artistic knowledge. To complete this purpose, I have closely followed musicians that are actively engaged in the rituals of maracatu de baque solto, but also participate in the rites of the amplified music scene. The research along the continuum of the same musical practice in completely different contexts allowed me to mirror two categories used to classify it into the musical production network: cultura popular (popular culture) and world music. While the circulation of the ensemble on the scenes of European festivals features an ongoing negotiation of imaginaries of Brazil within the world music platform, the circulation of maracatu de baque solto in Pernambuco invites us to think about the representations that are mobilized there from the sounds of cultura popular stagings. This multi-sited ethnography seeks then to analyze the amplified music scene, passing by sambadas and carnival processions, the trajectory of maracatu masters and the music production networks between Brazil and Europe. How music crosses the modes of existence from the music scene until the carnival parade? How it makes a common area and its collective assessment? The study of musical circulation raises the political stakes of the world system and reveals modes of existence of music in contemporary societies
38
Ama, Tamia Joséphine. "Modifications physiques d'un sol ferrallitique sous différents modes de mise en culture en Côte d'Ivoire forestière : conséquences sur le développement du maïs." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120034.
Full textAbstract:
Cette etude s'efforce de preciser la nature et l'importance des effets de trois modes de defrichement de foret (traditionnel, semi-mecanise, mecanise) et trois types de travail du sol (sans labour, labour superficiel, labour profond), les plus courants, sur les modifications de l'etat du sol et sur le developpement d'une culture de mais, apres quatre annees de culture sur sol ferrallitique en basse cote d'ivoire. L'etude est conduite de facon stratifiee, avec trois principaux niveaux d'analyse : parcelle, zones de differenciations intraparcellaires (zip) et profil cultural. Elle privilegie l'analyse des modifications morpho-structurales et leurs consequences sur l'enracinement et la production de mais. En l'absence de labour, on met en evidence l'effet negatif des defrichements mecanises par rapport au traditionnel, a cause d'une degradation accentuee de la structure et du spectre porale, reduisant l'enracinement, a la partie superieure du sol et la production du mais. Le labour attenue l'effet negatif du defrichement mecanise sur le developpement des racines, en raison du volume plus important de sol meuble, facilement exploitable par les racines. Cependant, du fait du taux de levee plus faible et de l'heterogeneite spatiale existante, avec des zones decapees peu fertiles, le rendement moyen du mais ne se trouve pas superieur a l'echelle globale des parcelles. Malgre les difficultes dues a la presence d'elements grossiers en proportion variable dans le sol etudie, il se degage une grande coherence entre les modifications physiques (ainsi que chimiques et biologiques) du sol apparaissant a differents niveaux d'echelle (jusqu'au niveau des micro-organisations) et les caracteres de la culture du mais, en fonction des contraintes imposees par les differents types de mise en culture qui ont ete compares. Des recommandations differentes sont formulees selon les situations d'application envisagees (categories d'agriculteurs, types de cultures) pour s'opposer a la degradation de l'etat du sol pendant et a la suite des defrichements de foret.
39
Sierra, Julia. "Études des mécanismes de croissance des racines Datura innoxia : application à la culture en bioréacteur avec divers modes de conduite." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1708.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse traite de l'étude de différentes méthodes de production de racines chevelues de Datura innoxia à l'échelle de fioles d'Erlenmeyers et à l'échelle de bioréacteur de laboratoire. Il vise également à améliorer la cinétique de production et la performance de production de la biomasse. L'effet de différents systèmes d'aération et d'alimentation sur la quantité finale de biomasse obtenue ainsi que sur le taux de croissance et sur le temps de doublement des racines est étudié. Dans la partie concernant l'étude en fioles, nous avons caractérisé la croissance racinaire afin de déterminer ses besoins nutritionnels et améliorer le transfert d'oxygène en utilisant des techniques variées telles que la vibration et l'agitation. En ce qui concerne la production dans le bioréacteur, nous avons étudié différents modes opératoires tels que : atomisation, utilisation du garnissage, mode cyclique, mode batch, mode fed-batch, et le renouvellement du milieu afin d'améliorer l'aération, d'une part et les apports nutritionnels, d'autre part. Pour la vibration, le meilleur temps de doublement obtenu a été de 1,86 jours dans la fiole Fembach à fond plat. En bioréacteur et en utilisant le mode Fed-batch, le meilleur temps de doublement (en moyen sur toute la durée de la culture) réalisé est td = 2,4 jours. Nous avons démontré que la cinétique de croissance des racines de Datura innoxia dans la phase exponentielle peut être décrite par le model de Monod. D'une manière générale, la plus grande vitesse de croissance est obtenue en mode Fed-batch. En effet, une réduction de temps de doublement et perfomance globale de la production a été observée en alimentant le bioréacteur tout au long de la cultureThe subject of this thesis work is to study various operating modes for the production of Datura innoxia hairy roots in Erlenmeyer scale and in laboratory bioreactor scale. The aim of this work is to improve the production perfomances by trying to improve the growth kinetics by providing the best operating conditions with a minimum doubling lime and a maximum biomass production. The work in Erlenmeyer scale was focused on the needs of hairy roots concerning species composing the nutriment. While the work in the bioreactor scale was more especially oriented to the optimization and improvement of the operating conditions in which a maximum of biomass can be obtained for a given time. At the light of these studies, it is found that the best "preparing mode" in Erlenmeyer scale is that obtained in vibrated Fembach flat bottom flasks with an adapted culture medium. These flasks provide bigger gas/liquid contact area and good performance with the vibrating system. The lime of doubling at these conditions is only 1. 86 days. A number of operating modes have been studied: batch, atomization, cyclic and nutriment renewal. The doubling lime with the fed-batch mode is found to be 2. 4 days. We also demonstrated that the growth of Datura innoxia hairy roots at the exponential phase can be described by Monod's equation. The best global perfomance at bioreaetor seale is obtained with fed-batch operating mode where the hairy roots are fed regularly during the culture period
40
Aubouin, Nicolas. "L' institutionnalisation des espaces artistiques déterritorialisés : de la construction de nouveaux mondes de l'art à la transformation des modes d'action publique." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100123.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’intéresse au processus d’institutionnalisation de pratiques artistiques qui naissent en rupture avec les normes et les cadres des mondes de l’art (Becker, 1982) établis, comme les arts de la rue et les nouveaux territoires de l’art. L’analyse du phénomène s’appuie sur une étude approfondie de différents cas au sein de l’administration publique et de multiples lieux de production et de diffusion artistique. Ce travail de terrain nous a permis de mettre en évidence les spécificités des activités et des modes d’organisation de ce que l’on a appelé les espaces artistiques déterritorialisés, les collectifs d’artistes, les festivals et les lieux de fabrication des arts de la rue, les squats et les friches artistiques. Nous avons cherché à analyser les dynamiques de structuration interne et externe des organisations autour de différents dispositifs de gestion (Moisdon, 1997), qui conduisent à transformer progressivement ces espaces, mais aussi à établir des formes de coopération avec les services de l’Etat et ainsi les amener sur les sentiers de l’institutionnalisation (Di Maggio et Powell, 1991). Nous avons donc défendu l’idée que celle-ci était un processus de co-construction des organisations artistiques et de la gouvernance publique, caractérisé par l’émergence de cadres de gestion renouvelés tant dans la gestion interne des projets et dans les relations entre les structures, que du point de vue des modalités d’intervention publique. Cette thèse permet ainsi de jeter un nouveau regard sur les modalités de construction de nouvelles pratiques artistiques et de ses formes d’organisation, et sur le rôle de l’environnement institutionnel dans ce processusThis PhD thesis studies institutionnalization (Di Maggio et Powell, 1991) of new areas of artistic creation and distribution, outside the more conventional outlets – named disdeterritorialised areas – such as the “new territories of art” (artistic practices on former industrial or commercial wasteland, in derelict housing, etc. . . ), and street arts, raises the question of both the frontiers and approaches to public action. Indeed the transversality of these projects and the role that local authorities play in their development as well as the reconfiguration of operating formats, require the public administration to reorganise its actions through the creation of more transversal intervention mechanisms, the development of cooperation ventures between public actors and the commitment of new comptencies and expertises. Finally, this process demonstrate a co-building of new management tools (Moisdon, 1997) and public management. This thesis put forward a new representation of Art Worlds (Becker, 1982) and role of State
41
Beeson, Laura Alice. "An investigation of the possible health-promoting modes of action of regular- and super-doses of phytase in the broiler chicken." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7853/.
Full textAbstract:
The overall objective of this thesis was to study the effects of regular and high (super-) doses of phytase in the gut of broilers, with the aim of documenting the mechanism of their action leading to improvements in animal health. Phytase is often supplemented to commercial broiler diets to facilitate the hydrolysis of plant phytate and release of phosphorus for utilisation. Although not the original intention of its addition, phytase supplementation leads to improvements in growth performance parameters and enhanced nutrient utilisation. Further benefits have also been observed following the addition of super-doses of phytase which are not explained by an increase in phosphorus release, and thus have been termed ‘extra-phosphoric effects’. Using diets formulated to be adequate or marginally deficient in available phosphorus (aP) forming the negative control, NC), phytase was supplemented at 1,500 and 3,000 FTU/kg phytase in the first study (both super-doses) and the partitioning of nutrients within the body was investigated. It appeared that there were some metabolic changes between 1,500 and 3,000 FTU/kg, switching between protein and fat accretion, potentially as a consequence of nutrient availability, although these changes were not reflected by changes in growth performance parameters. However, the loss of the NC treatment without phytase on day 12 limits the comparison of the phytase within the NC treatment, but does allow for comparison of each dose at adequate or low dietary aP levels. As expected, a greater degree of phytate hydrolysis was achieved with 3,000 than with 1,500 FTU/kg phytase, but changes in carcass accretion characteristics were greater with 1,500 than 3,000 FTU/kg. Using these findings and the observation that there were no further changes in the parameters measured by increasing phytase from 1,500 to 3,000 FTU/kg (aside from phytate hydrolysis), 1,500 FTU/kg phytase was selected as the super-dose to be used in subsequent studies. The next study considered the influence of regular (500 FTU/kg) and super doses (1,500 FTU/kg) of phytase from within the gut. Overall, it was observed that changes were occurring to the gut environment, which ultimately would influence the absorptive capacity and conditions for further phytate hydrolysis. Dietary treatment influenced gut conditions such as pH, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations which can subsequently influence nutrient utilisation and potential for growth. The subsequent study was designed to investigate the effects within the gut in more detail. The release of nutrients from phytate hydrolysis and their bioavailability within the digesta can influence conditions within intestine, facilitating enhanced absorption. One of the parameters investigated was the expression of genes involved in the transport of nutrients in the intestine. Overall, there were few significant dietary treatment influences on gene expression in the intestine, however there was a dose-dependent response of phytase on the expression of the jejunual divalent mineral transporter. This indicates a change in divalent mineral bioavailability in the intestine, with correlations with inositol phosphate esters (IPs) being identified. This is likely explained by the IPs produced by phytase hydrolysis and accumulating in the digesta, differing between regular and high doses of phytase. It became apparent that interactions between the products of phytate hydrolysis (IP3, IP4) and minerals in the digesta had the potential to influence the gut environment and subsequent nutrient bioavailability and overall phytase action. The final study was designed to increase the content of the IPs, and investigate the influence of phytase under these conditions. As the complete hydrolysis of phytate to myo-inositol has been reported to be beneficial due to its proposed insulin mimetic effects, myo-inositol was also supplemented to one of the diets to see if any further benefits would be observed when supplemented alongside super-doses of phytase. Neither increased concentrations of the higher IP esters (IP6, IP5 and IP4) nor myo-inositol (myo-) had any effect on broiler growth performance, however there were still apparent beneficial influences of phytase supplementation. The results suggest considerable and important interactions between minerals and IP esters within the digesta, which ultimately have the potential to influence gut conditions and thus nutrient utilisation and growth performance. Reduced concentrations of blood glucose in the high IP ester diet with additional phytase supplementation suggest some insulin-like effects of myo- production. Additionally, the lack of effect of myo- supplementation on blood glucose and insulin concentrations suggests a difference between the structure of phytase-produced myo- and supplemented myo-. Although there were no improvements in growth performance by increasing phytase from 500 to 1,500 FTU/kg, there were changes occurring at the level of the gut and expression of genes in the intestine, influencing nutrient utilisation and the partitioning of nutrients within the body. There are many factors to be considered when supplementing phytase, with dietary nutrient content and nutrient release and IP production during phytate hydrolysis having an influence on phytase action, nutrient absorption and conditions within the gut. Super-doses of phytase may be beneficial for maintaining optimal gut conditions, clearing IP esters from the digesta, reducing their potential to form complexes with minerals and other nutrients, ultimately influencing the efficiency of production.
42
Kishikawa, Yasushi. "Les conséquences politiques du système électoral sur la démocratie locale en France et au Japon : "accountability" et "responsiveness" du gouvernement municipal." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21013.
Full textAbstract:
Les élections constituent le fondement du système représentatif. Cette recherche se base sur le constat de la nécessité de revisiter la démocratie représentative, aujourd'hui fréquemment mise en question dans une perspective réelle et/ou utopique de mise en valeur de la démocratie dite " participative ". La thèse s'inscrit donc dans un des domaines traditionnels de la science politique : l'étude des conséquences politiques des systèmes électoraux. La thèse s'intéresse à deux pays qui présentent des différences en termes de tradition politique : la France et le Japon. L'originalité de la recherche réside aussi dans le choix de la politique municipale comme objet d'observation, à savoir la politique en faveur des personnes handicapées et la politique de proximité. La première partie de la thèse détaille les institutions municipales française et japonaise. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude historique des systèmes électoraux, préalable nécessaire pour saisir les rapports entre système politique et histoire politique nationale. La troisième partie examine les conséquences politiques des systèmes électoraux en termes de système partisan, de conditions de la concurrence politique ainsi que de rapports entre les acteurs politiques et les électeurs. Enfin, la quatrième partie examine le fonctionnement démocratique de la municipalité en mobilisant deux concepts de la représentation politique: « accountability » et « responsiveness ». Ainsi, la thèse cherche à saisir les caractéristiques de la démocratie municipale française et japonaise en mettant en lumière la configuration du système politique et son fonctionnement spécifique comme conséquence du système électoralElections form the foundations of the representative system. This research is based on the understanding that it is necessary to revisit representative democracy, which is today frequently questioned in the perspective of real and/or utopian expectation of " participative" democracy. The thesis focuses on one of the traditional research fields of political science : political consequences of the electoral system. In this thesis, two countries with different political traditions have been studied : France and Japan. The originality of the research is also found in the choice of the local municipality policies as objects of observation, namely, policies for the disabled people and urban neighbourhood policies. The thesis is composed of four sections. The first section consists of an elaborate study of the French and Japanese municipal institutions. The second section is dedicated to the historical study of the electoral systems, precondition necessary to understand the relationship between the political system and the national political history. The third one examines the political consequences of the electoral system in terms of party system, of political competition conditions and of relationship between political actors and voters. Finally, the last section analyzes the democratic governance of the local municipalities by mobilizing two concepts of political representation : " accountability " and " responsiveness ". In short, the thesis tries to understand the features of the local democracy in France and in Japan by highlighting the configuration of the political system and its specific function as a consequence of the electoral system
43
Dennett-Thorpe, Ivy Garlitz. "The old country : an experiment in modes of writing on the Jewish-American experience in poetry, fiction and popular culture." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297480.
Full text
44
Geoffray, Marie Laure. "Culture, politique et contestation à Cuba (1989-2009) : une sociologie politique des modes non conventionnels d'action collective en contexte autoritaire." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D110.
Full textAbstract:
Fondée sur onze mois d’enquête de terrain à Cuba, cette thèse a un objectif double : comprendre comment des dynamiques contestataires émergent et perdurent sur le long terme sans faire l’objet d’une répression sévère, à l’instar des dissidents ; et saisir ce que l’existence de cette contestation tolérée nous apprend sur les modes d’exercice du pouvoir dans un tel contexte. Les pratiques contestataires sont ici problématisées comme intentionnelles, collectives et conflictuelles et étudiées de façon relationnelle, afin de restituer les logiques d’interaction entre autorités socialistes et collectifs contestataires. A partir de cette démarche, ce travail montre que les pratiques contestataires sont partiellement tolérées par les autorités car elles ne sont ni ppositionnelles ni directement politiques. Elles s’articulent, quoique de façon critique et parfois subversive, aux normes de la socialisation révolutionnaire, qui fondent les cadres légitimes de perception de la réalité. Elles s’inscrivent aux marges du champ culturel à travers l’élaboration d’un répertoire hybride, entre action collective et création culturelle. Ces ambiguïtés permettent aux collectifs de négocier des espaces d’action selon les échelles de gouvernement. Les autorités leur octroient ces espaces car ils permettent la régulation et la contention de la contestation, à travers une coercition fondée sur l’incertitude et l’arbitraire. Cette étude met ainsi à jour la plasticité du régime cubain et incite, au-delà de ce cas spécifique, à substituer aux analyses en termes d’érosion de la capacité à gouverner l’observation des modes d’adaptation et de transformation des régimes autoritairesThis dissertation is based on eleven months of fieldwork in Cuba. Its objective is twofold. First, understand how contentious dynamics have emerged and endured through time without undergoing severe repression, like dissident movements. Secondly, grasp what the existence of this tolerated contention tells us about the way power is wielded in such a context. Contentious practices are here defined as intentional, collective and conflictive. This study focuses on the relationships between contentious movements and State authorities, in order to understand the logics of their interactions. Elaborating on this, this dissertation shows that contentious practices are partly tolerated by the authorities because they are neither oppositional nor directly political. They are linked up, though in a critical and sometimes subversive way, to the norms of the revolutionary socialization, on which are based the legitimate frameworks for perception of reality. Contentious movements are situated at the margins of the cultural field, thanks to the creation of a hybrid repertoire: between collective action and cultural creation. That ambiguity allows them to negotiate space for action, according to the levels of government. Authorities grant them some space because that this allows for the regulation and containment of contention, through the use of a specific mode of coercion, which is based on uncertainty and arbitrariness. This study also brings to light the plasticity of the Cuban regime and invites us, beyond that specific case, to substitute analyses in terms of erosion of governing capacity for analyses of the modes of adaptation and transformation of authoritarian regimes
45
Pellegrini, Pablo. "Agriculture transgénique : modes de production et utilisation de la connaissance scientifique. Science, Etat et Industrie dans les cultures transgéniques en Argentine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040085.
Full textAbstract:
Les cultures transgéniques constituent l’un des développements scientifico-technologiques de plus grand impact dans l’actualité. En Argentine, leur utilisation dans l’agriculture depuis 1996 est massive, et il y a plusieurs entreprises et centres publics de recherche qui développent ou utilisent des cultures transgéniques. Il y a aussi des organismes chargés de leur régulation et des controverses vis-à-vis de leur utilisation. Les transgéniques mobilisent différentes attitudes et positions puisqu’ils supposent un croisement entre les savoirs scientifiques et un espace traditionnel comme l’agriculture.Cette thèse cherche à élucider les modes dans lesquels la production et l’utilisation de la connaissance scientifique en transgénèse végétale en Argentine sont liés au développement qui opère à échelle internationale dans ce domaine. Pour cela, on réalise un travail empirique qui cherche à expliquer comment la production et l’utilisation de savoirs scientifiques liés à la biotechnologie végétale se sont développées. En fouinant les différents secteurs impliqués (entreprises privées, centres publics de recherche, organismes de régulation de l’Etat, ONGs, producteurs agricoles) et à partir de sources documentaires, elle se propose de reconstruire la scène actuelle de la agriculture transgénique dans le pays, à travers une analyse qui s’inscrit dans la sociologie de la science. Dans quelques aspects, surtout en ce qui est lié à la controverse publique sur les transgéniques, on établit des comparaisons avec la situation dans d’autres pays, particulièrement au Brésil et en France.En termes généraux, la thèse vise à décrire les procès singuliers que la transgénèse végétale a adoptés en Argentine, mais en montrant à la fois de larges phénomènes sociaux dans lesquels s’insère ce développement scientifico-technologiqueTransgenic crops are one of the scientific-technological developments with the greatest impact in the present. In Argentina, its use in agriculture is massive since 1996, and there are numerous enterprises and public research centres developing or using transgenic crops. There are also organizations in charge of its regulation, and controversies about its use. Transgenic crops mobilize different sort of attitudes and stands, as they imply a cross between scientific knowledge and a traditional space as agriculture.This thesis seeks to elucidate the ways in which scientific knowledge production and utilisation in vegetal transgenesis in Argentina, relates with the developing at the international level in the area. For that purpose, an empirical work it’s realize searching to explain how it was developed the scientific knowledge production and utilisation related with vegetal biotechnology. A reconstruction of the actual scenario of transgenic agriculture in the country is proposed, through an analysis from the sociology of science, inquiring the different sectors involved (private enterprises, public research centres, state regulatory organisms, NGOs, farmers) and through documentary sources. In some aspects, mainly in what is related to the public controversies about transgenic crops, comparisons with the situation in other countries are carried on, in particular with Brazil and France.Overall, the thesis aims to describe the singular process that vegetal transgenesis adopted in Argentina, but considering, at the same time, broader social phenomena in which this scientific-technological development is involved
Los cultivos transgénicos constituyen uno de los desarrollos científico-tecnológicos conmayor repercusión en la actualidad. En la Argentina, su uso en la agricultura desde 1996es masivo, y hay numerosas empresas y centros públicos de investigación desarrollandoo utilizando cultivos transgénicos. También hay organismos encargados de suregulación y controversias respecto a su uso. Los transgénicos movilizan distinto tipo deactitudes y posiciones, pues suponen un cruce entre el conocimiento científico y unespacio tradicional como la agricultura.Esta tesis busca dilucidar los modos en que la producción y utilización delconocimiento científico en transgénesis vegetal en la Argentina se vinculan con eldesarrollo que opera a nivel internacional en dicha área. Para ello, se realiza un trabajoempírico que busca explicar cómo se fue desarrollando la producción y utilización deconocimientos científicos vinculados a la biotecnología vegetal. Indagando a losdistintos sectores involucrados (empresas privadas, centros públicos de investigación,organismos estatales de regulación, ONGs, productores agropecuarios) y a partir defuentes documentales se propone reconstruir el escenario actual de la agriculturatransgénica en el país, mediante un análisis inscripto en la sociología de la ciencia. Enalgunos aspectos, sobre todo en lo que se relaciona con la controversia pública sobre lostransgénicos, se llevan a cabo comparaciones con la situación en otros países, enparticular con Brasil y Francia.En líneas generales, la tesis apunta a describir los procesos singulares que adoptóla transgénesis vegetal en la Argentina, pero dando cuenta, a la vez, de fenómenossociales más amplios en los que dicho desarrollo científico-tecnológico estáinvolucrado
46
Zhou, Yu. "Etude des modes d'appropriation de films français en Chine : processus communicationnel de constuction des oeuvres cultes par le public." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30016/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le contexte actuel de globalisation et de développement des nouvelles technologies, notamment internet, les modes d’appropriation des œuvres culturelles sont devenus de plus en plus faciles mais aussi variés et complexes. Cette thèse traite des modes d’appropriation des films français en Chine, et étudie trois terrains de recherche : les sous-forums des films Le Fabuleux destin d’Amélie Poulain et de La grande vadrouille sur Tieba et le sous-forum des Cahiers du cinéma sur Douban. Nous avons étudié deux types principaux des passionnés culturels : fan et amateur. Le premier est souvent lié aux films grand public. Les fans manifestent une série de caractéristiques dans l’appropriation des films : l’engouement pour leur objet culte, le désir de partager et de communiquer, créativité, collectivité, etc. Le film peut intervenir directement dans leur vie quotidienne à travers l’imitation et la copie des éléments ou des personages. Lorsqu’on parle des films d’auteur, nous avons trouvé que le terme « amateur » est plus approprié pour déterminer leurs publics. Ils déclarent souvent leur admiration d’une manière plus ‘discrète’. Ils s’intéressent souvent plus aux idées des réalisateurs ou aux techniques de la production du film qu’aux acteurs ou personnages du films et possèdent généralement de bonnes connaissances dans le domaine culturel. Voir les films d’auteur est aussi un moyen pour eux d’accumuler les capitaux culturels. Les deux postures ne sont pas conflictuelles. Certains amateurs construisent aussi des communauté et cherchent à partager et communiquer avec les gens qui ont les mêmes passions qu’eux. Cette complexité est encore plus évidente dans le cadre international. D’un certain point de vue, le visionnement des films français est devenu un acte distinctif pour certains publics chinois. Et l’appropriation des films français peut satisfaire un désir d’être plus ‘cultivés’. Ce travail vise à ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives dans les recherches sur l’appropriation des oeuvres culturellesIn the current context of globalization and the development of new technologies, especially the internet, the modes of appropriation of cultural works have become easier but also more varied and complex. This thesis discusses the modes of appropriation of french films in China by studying on three areas of research: the subforums of Le fabuleux destin d'Amelie Poulain and La grande vadrouille on Tieba, and the subforum of Cahiers du cinema on Douban. We studied two main types of cultural enthusiasts: fan and amateur. The first is often linked to the popular films. The fans show a series of characteristics in the appropriation of movies: the passion for their cult object, the desire to share and communicate creativity, community, etc. The film can be directly involved in their daily lives through the imitation of elements or personages in the film. When we talk about “auteur cinema”, we found that the term "amateur" is more appropriate to determine their audiences. They often express their admiration in a more discrete way. For example, they are often more interested in the ideas of directors or the technical of production of the films than in the actors or characters. They usually have good knowledge in the cultural field: literature, film or art. Seeing the “auteur movies” is also a way for them to accumulate cultural capital. However, the two positions are not in conflict. Some ‘amateurs” also show a community which is manifested in their collective communications. This complexity is even more evident in the international background. In some ways, viewing the french movies has become a distinctive act for certain chinese audiences. So the appropriation of french films satisfy a desire to be more 'cultivated'. This work aims to open up some new perspectives in the research on the appropriation of cultural works
47
Vol, Alexandra. "Pratiques et représentations d'utilisateurs de "sites-musées" : modes d'appropriation d'un dispositif techno-sémiotique et propositions de genres éditoriaux." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082429.
Full textAbstract:
Le site-musée constitue progressivement un dispositif de médiation culturelle autonome. Questionnant la représentation sociale d’objets informationnels, la recherche s’appuie sur les théories des usages des TIC, de la réception au musée et sur une ethnographie des pratiques et représentations d’utilisateurs de sites-musées (1994-2001). Les concepts de logique dispositive, habiletés, pensée-réseaux cernent le processus d’ancrage du nouveau cadre de relation entre dispositif, publics, savoir, musée. Celui d’usage enrôle des notions médiatrices (continuum historique et empirique, genre médiatique, confiance procédurale) et recourre au faisceau de disciplines (ethnométhodologie, action située, cognition distribuée) éclairant l’hybridation des représentations sur internet et le musée que reflète l’imaginaire d’usage relatif au site-musée. La médiation techno-sémiotique, cadre normatif interprétatif, aboutit à un système générique éditorial favorisant des postures d’appropriation engagées.
48
Sangare, Oumar. "Modes d'encadrement et transformations socio-économiques engendrées par la production cotonnière en Haute-Guinée (République de Guinée)." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20093.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude porte sur les transformations engendrées par les politiques de développement de la culture cotonnière en Haute-Guinée. Les informations collectées ai cours des recherches documentaires et des enquêtes de terrain, montrent que la situation cotonnière en Haute-Guinée est singulière en Afrique de l'Ouest. La production intégrée au sein du PDRHG et du PCK est la principale forme d'encadrement dans laquelle le coton est apparu comme la culture structurante en Haute-GuinéeThis study concerns the transformations brought about by the policies of the cotton development in High Guinea. The information collected during the documentary research and field investigations, show that cotton situation in High Guinea is singular in Western Africa. The production integrated in the PDRGH and the PCK appear as the main form of supervision in which , the cotton appeared as the structuring agricultural culture in High Guinea
49
Bó, Talita Lazarin Dal'. "Construindo pontes: o ingresso de estudantes indígenas na UFSCar: uma discussão sobre cultura e conhecimento tradicional." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/203.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
3939.pdf: 2800991 bytes, checksum: 4a897f9b5391c6a613de27cae4f28f9a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-03-01The presence of indigenous students at the universities has been potencialized by programs of inclusion and increased expressively, demonstrating the crescent interest of these populations by the scholar education and by the continuity of their studies. This presence has been raised several questions at the Universities, at the most general society, at the State, at the academy, and by part of indigenous population that discuss the theme of the public policies of inclusion and the theme of the knowledge and the teaching process and the differentiated learning. This dissertation presents the process of inclusion of indigenous students at the Federal University of São Carlos, analyzing the formulation and the implantation of the proposal of affirmative actions in this university and, over all, from the indigenous students experiences that entered into it in 2008 and the questions that they had presented. For this, it proposes a reflection about themes like interculturaly , traditional knowledge and culture , already present a long time ago at the discussion about specific indigenous scholar education and, recently, potencialized in the debate about the ingression of indigenous at the college. It tried to demonstrate how much of the debate is present (or not) in the experiences of these indigenous students and how they answer to these process, building their own ways and showing us the possible bridges of connection.
A presença de estudantes indígenas nas universidades tem sido potencializada por programas de inclusão e aumentado significativamente, demonstrando o crescente interesse dessas populações pela educação escolar e pela continuidade de seus estudos. Esta presença tem levantado diversas questões nas Universidades, na sociedade mais ampla, no Estado, na academia, e por parte das populações indígenas que debatem o tema das políticas públicas de inclusão e também o tema dos saberes e dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem diferenciados. Esta dissertação apresenta o processo de inclusão de estudantes indígenas na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, analisando a formulação e a implantação da proposta de ações afirmativas nessa universidade e, sobretudo, parte das experiências dos estudantes indígenas que nela ingressaram no ano de 2008 e das questões por eles apresentadas. Para tanto, propõe uma reflexão sobre temas como interculturalidade , conhecimento tradicional e cultura , já presentes há bastante tempo na discussão a respeito da educação escolar indígena diferenciada e, recentemente, potencializados no debate sobre o ingresso de índios no Ensino Superior. Procurou-se demonstrar o quanto do debate está presente (ou não) nas experiências desses estudantes indígenas e como eles respondem a esses processos, construindo seus próprios caminhos e mostrando-nos as possíveis pontes de conexão.
50
Garcia, Catala Laurence. "Parcours artistiques et culturels de jeunes habitants dans les perspectives et les enjeux des dynamiques rurales en pays Midi Quercy." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20003/document.
Full textAbstract:
A travers les pratiques, les initiatives, et les évènements artistiques et culturels, cette thèse questionne la contribution des jeunes habitants de 15 – 25 ans aux dynamiques culturelles et au devenir des espaces ruraux. Cette recherche est attentive à la forte attractivité des territoires ruraux, dont témoignent les mouvements de population et la recomposition sociale de l’ensemble des habitants. Elle tient compte d’un contexte où les politiques culturelles s’élaborent à un échelon local, sont reliées au développement rural et s’appuient sur la capacité d’agir des populations. Ce travail s’appuie sur une méthodologie qualitative basée sur des entretiens semi-directifs, des échanges informels, et sur l’observation participante. L’objectif est tout d’abord de comprendre comment les jeunes habitants font vivre leurs espaces de vie et d’appartenance par leurs pratiques artistiques et culturelles. Puis le questionnement cherche à établir des liens entre leurs manières d’habiter et leurs parcours de vie, et à comprendre la nécessité des aller-retour entre la ville et la campagne, entre l’ici et l’ailleurs. Cette approche nous permet alors de saisir la capacité des jeunes habitants à construire les collectifs dans lesquels ils vivent, et nous donne des clés de lecture des dynamiques collectives des années à venirThis thesis is about contribution of young inhabitants ( between 15 and 25 years old) in cultural dynamism and futur of rural areas, through artistic and cultural behaviours, initiatives and events. This research takes into account the strong appeal of rural territories wich is shown by population’s movements and new social composition. The thesis deals with a context where cultural politics are built on a local level, are related with local development and are based on empowerment of the population. This work leans on a qualitative methodology semi-directive, interwiews, free discussions and on participating observations. The first goal is to understand how young inhabitants make their local life environment active by their artistic and cultural behaviours. The next goal is to research the link between their way of living and their background, and try to understand the need of regular back and forth trips between town and country, between here and elsewere. This approach allows us to grasp the capacity they have to build the collective places in wich they’re living, and gives a way of understanding collective dynamics of coming years